AFIRFineStructureLineSurveyofDustyStarFormingGalaxies

usingZEUS-2@APEX,ALMAandtheJVLASarahHigdon1,JamesHigdon1,CarlFerkinhoff2,GordonStacey3(PI),ThomasNikola3,DrewBrisbin4,AmitVishwas3,CodyLamarche3,HannahTidwell1,StephenParshley3,Jus�nSchoenwald31:GeorgiaSouthernUniversity;2:WinonaStateUniversity;3:CornellUniversity;4:DiegoPortalesUniversity

1

Modesofstarforma�onMetallicity

ASurveyofDustyStarFormingGalaxiesusingZEUS-2@APEX,ALMAandtheJVLA

SarahHigdon1,JamesHigdon1,CarlFerkinhoff2,GordonStacey3(PI),ThomasNikola3,DrewBrisbin4,AmitVishwas3,CodyLamarche3,HannahTidwell1,StephenParshley3,Jus�nSchoenwald31:GeorgiaSouthernUniversity;2:WinonaStateUniversity;3:CornellUniversity;4:DiegoPortalesUniversity

2

Caltech -Steven Hailey Dunsheath Kent D.Irwin, Hsiao-Mei Cho,MikeNiemack (NIST-Bou lder ; Mark Ha lpern , Ma�hewHasselfield, Mandana Amiri (UBC); CaroleTucker, Peter Ade (Cardiff), DominicBenford (NASA Goddard), JohannesStaguhn(NASAGoddard,JHU)

Red[SII];Green[HII]Blue[OIII]

  2005handfulofextremestarbursts&luminousAGNdetectedinCOathi-z  Li�leknownaboutgasexcita�on  NOdetec�onsoffinestructurelines  Carilli&Walter2013:“Weareatatemporalcuspofknowledge…”  ZEUS-2,ALMA,JVLA…..SKAHistoryoftheISMoverCosmicTime…

3

4

Rodrigues+2010

TheEarlyUniverse:theepochofgalaxyassembly

  modeofstarforma�on(accre�onofcosmicwebormergerinduced)

  chemicalevolu�on

Dusty star forming galaxies (DSFGs) are the likelyprogenitorsofmassivegalaxiesatthecurrentepoch

Catchingphotonsishardwork!(al�tude=Everestbasecamp!)

APEX5kmal�tudeChileanAtacamadesert.

5

Brisbinetal.2015

2ndGenera�onZ(redshi�)andEarlyUniverseSpectrometerZEUS-2

L2R: Carl Ferkinhoff, Gordon Stacey, ThomasNikola,JamesHigdon&AmitVishwas

ModelSEDforSMMJ2135−0102@z=2.3259basedonobserva�ons(Smail+2011) 6

AssesstheISMthroughtheFarinfrared(FIR)lines:majorcoolants&ex�nc�on-freei.e.,bright!

C+0.1-1%LFIRStacey(1991)MW70millionLsunULIRG1billionLsunHY-LIRG10billionLsun!!

[CII]/CO(1-0) ~ 4100

ZEUS-2FocalPlaneArrays:NaturalSpa�alMul�plexing

  Nearby:5linesin4bands  Highz:

Simultaneousdetec�onof[CII]and[NII]inz~1-2range.  [OIII]  Longslit–cosmic

web

5 ×× 12 645 µµm array spectral

spatial

CO(7-6)

[CI] 370 µµm

13CO(6-5) µµm

[CI] 609 µµm

[NII] 205 µµm

9 ×× 40 400 µµm array

10 ×× 24 215 µµm array

7

ThePowerofZEUS-2:CosmicWeb&Chemicalevolu�onoftheISMattheepochofgalaxyassembly

Examplenearbygalaxyemissionlines

ThankstoCaroleTucker,PeterAdeandCardifffolksforthefilters!

8

ZEUS-2 is op�mized to detect FIR lines whichare redshi�ed into the645 to200μmtelluricwindows.(Ferkinhoffetal.2010;2014).

C o - m o v i n g s t a rf o rma�on den s i t y(adoptedfromMagnelliet al. 2011). normalgalaxies (yellow), LIRGs(orange), and ULIRGs( r e d ) . T h e c r o s shatched region is thesumofthese.

ZEUS-2:Op�mizedforthePeakEpochofCosmicStarForma�on

where80-90%ofstarforma�onoccurredinDSFGs

ZEUS-2windowsOuttoz=4.5

ZEUS-2FirstLight@APEX:SDP-11-ahigh-zanalogueoflocalULIRGs(Ferkinhoffetal.2014)

9

H-ATLAS SDP11 highlylensed (magnifica�on,µ~18)systematz~1.8.

+Lo

g(L-

[CII]

/L-F

IR)

Log(L-Co(1-0)/L-FIR)Staceyetal. (2010)/Ferkinhoffetal.2014. FUVradia�onfieldandgasdensitycontoursfromKaufmanetal.(2006)..Regionswith90%(dashed)and50%(do�ed)maximumcontoursof2DGaussiansfittothevarioussourcesamplesfromliterature(e.g.,Staceyetal.1991;Malhotraetal.2001;Luhmanetal.2003).

PDRDiagnos�c

ZEUS-2FirstLight@APEX:SDP-11-ahigh-zanalogueoflocalULIRGs(Ferkinhoffetal.2014)

Photodissocia�onRegions:Go=104;n=103cm-3

Compactintensestarburst0.4-1kpc

ZEUS-2C+HerschelCon�nuum&O0

10

11

ZEUS-1[CII]Survey(Staceyetal.2010)

+

12

DSFGsMergers: analogs of local ULIRGs.intense star forma�on in centraldiske.gSDP11()isalensedhi-ZanalogofalocalULIRG(Ferkinhoffetal.2014)Co ld A c c r e�on : E x t en s i v emoderate star forma�on on kpc-scaleslikelyfuelledbygasaccretedfromthecosmicweb.,e.g.,ZEUS-1C+Survey( )ofGalaxiesatz~1to2Staceyetal.2010.

ZEUS-1[CII]Survey(Staceyetal.2010)

+

Log(

L-[C

II]/L

-FIR

)

Log(L-Co(1-0)/L-FIR)

L-[CII]/CO(1-0)=4100

PDRDiagnos�c

13

ALMAFollow-Up:ResolvingtheEinsteinringinSDP11Lamarcheetal.2017(inprep.)

probingsizescalesof~500pc!

ProposedALMACycle5[CI]307&670μm=>traceatomicgastemperatureandmass.12CO(4-3),12CO(7-6)–warmmoleculargas

[CII]

ZINGRS(ZEUS1&2Inves�gatedGalaxyReferenceSample)JVLASurvey

14

NRAO/AUIandNRAO

15

C-band/B-arrayObs:6GHzRest-frame:12-36GHz

KuBand/C-arrayObs:15GHzRest-frame30-90GHz

M82-Condon1992

Free-Free

Synchrotron

Dust

Chemical evolu�on of theISM at the epoch of galaxyassembly80hoursJVLA~30galaxiesatz~1-4.6intwomatchedarrayconfigura�ons(~1.4’’ uniform-weighted synthesizedbeam)Goal1: decomposeglobal thermal free-free from non-thermal synchrotronemission to be�er understand radiocon�nuumathigh-zGoal 2: Demonstrate use of FIR line/radio free-free diagnos�c for studyingmetallicityathigh-z.

H a n n a h T i d w e l lu n d e r g r a d u a t eresearchproject.

ZINGRS(ZEUS1&2Inves�gatedGalaxyReferenceSample)JVLASurveyHigdonetal2017&Ferkinhoffetal.2017(bothinprep.)

ZEUS-2&JVLA:N+Abundance

  Lowdensitylimit  nion=np=ne

16

17

Preliminaryresults:HLS0455:MeasuringtheMetallicityFerkinhoffetal.2017(inprep.)

Undeterminedmagnifica�on

ZEUS-2:confirmz=2.9(12CO(3-2)Zavala)[OIII],[NII&JVLAC-bandCloudymodelingunderway

1“

JVLAC-Band

Zavala et al. 2015:Spitzer 3.6 micron(30”square)Contours:Scuba850μm(green) and AzTEC 1.1 mm (red) in1.5σ

Data shows nearby galaxies. FIR lines observed with the infraredspaceobservatory(ISO)5GHzradio observedwiththeJVLAadopt30% free-free (results from literature e.g., Brauher et al. 2008,Cormieretal.2015(dwarfgalaxies)

18

Limi�nglineflux(5σ,4hrs)10-18W/m2at350µm6x10-19W/m2at450µm

ZEUS-2[OIII]/[NII]Survey:ChemicalEvolu�on(Vishwasetal.2017inprep.)

FIR lines & radio free-free emission =>ionized gas mass, stellar spectral type(age,orIMF),spa�alextent,stellarmass,andmetallicity.

Ferkinhoffetal.2011HII&NLRModels:Rubin1985,Grovesetal.2004

Prel

imin

ary

r r

CharacterizingtheStellarPopula�oninH-ATLAS1135/G12H43

  DiscoveredwithHerschel  Redshi�withGreenbankz=3.1276+-

0.000512CO(1-0)(Harrisetal.2012)  NosignatureoflensingwithSMA

(marginallyresolvedat850um)LIR~1.2×1014L¤-(Harris2012)

  StarswithZEUS-2F[OIII]88um:–  O9stars~20,000�mesMW!tosupport

ioniza�on–  Massofionized~0.2%ofthetotalgas

mass  ExtremeSFR

Follow-up[NII]122umandradiocon�nuum–abundance,SFR,IMF19

Prel

imin

ary

20

W2246[OI]@z=4.6!aWISEHOTDOG(300Kdust!)Vishwasetal.2017(inprep.)

•HeavilyobscuredAGN•Broad,highdispersion[CII]emission,inprocessoflaunchinghugeou�low(Diaz-Santosetal.2015)•ZEUS-22hrsonsourceBRIGHT[OI]~0.2%FIR~10x[CII]compactstarburstorAGNdrivenXDR?superstarburstbeingquenchedbyAGNac�vity?

Wealsohave[OIII]&radiocon�nuumFerkinhoffetalinprep.

Prel

imin

ary

21

I hope I’ve demonstrated the advantages of using FIR lines & radiocon�nuum studies to determine the mode of star forma�on, stellarspectraltype,ageofstarburst,&thedegreeofchemicalevolu�on.ZEUSTeamFuture/On-goingWork:  Cusp: cosmic web/[CII] observa�ons of W2246 with the Atacama

CompactArrayin2017/18

  Hi-ResImaging:Modesofstarforma�on&metallicity:JVLA&ALMA

  FIR-finestructurelinesurveyZEUS-2@APEXobservingrun2018

  JWSTMIRI/NIRSpecSurvey(ERSdeadlineAug18)

Summary

ThankYou

22