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![Page 1: A Feasible Path to Sustainable Community Health Information Infrastructure William A. Yasnoff, MD, PhD, FACMI CEO, Health Record Banking Association William.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070401/56649f155503460f94c2b122/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Feasible Path to Sustainable Community
Health Information Infrastructure
A Feasible Path to Sustainable Community
Health Information Infrastructure
William A. Yasnoff, MD, PhD, FACMICEO, Health Record Banking Association
Cerner Healthcare Leadership ForumOrlando, FL
October 8, 2006
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OutlineOutline
I. What is the National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII)?
II. How does the NHII help address current health care problems?
III. Who should fund NHII?IV. How can we organize the creation of
the NHII?V. What is the path to HII in
communities?
I. What is the National Health Information Infrastructure (NHII)?
II. How does the NHII help address current health care problems?
III. Who should fund NHII?IV. How can we organize the creation of
the NHII?V. What is the path to HII in
communities?
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I. What is the NHII?I. What is the NHII?
Comprehensive knowledge-based network of interoperable systems
Capable of providing information for sound decisions about health when and where needed
“Anywhere, anytime health care information and decision support”
NOT a national database of medical records
Comprehensive knowledge-based network of interoperable systems
Capable of providing information for sound decisions about health when and where needed
“Anywhere, anytime health care information and decision support”
NOT a national database of medical records
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I. What is the NHII? (continued)I. What is the NHII? (continued)
Includes not only systems, but organizing principles, procedures, policies, and standards, e.g. Organization & governance Alignment of financial incentives Operational policies Message & content standards
Individual provider Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are only the building blocks, not NHII
Includes not only systems, but organizing principles, procedures, policies, and standards, e.g. Organization & governance Alignment of financial incentives Operational policies Message & content standards
Individual provider Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems are only the building blocks, not NHII
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Difficult Challenges of NHIIDifficult Challenges of NHII Governance
New organizations Stakeholder cooperation
Misaligned incentives Costs
Startup Ongoing
Technical - how will it work? Privacy Standards
Governance New organizations Stakeholder cooperation
Misaligned incentives Costs
Startup Ongoing
Technical - how will it work? Privacy Standards
ALL THESE ARE INTERDEPENDENT& CANNOT BE SOLVED SEPARATELY
ALL THESE ARE INTERDEPENDENT& CANNOT BE SOLVED SEPARATELY
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II. How does NHII help address current health care problems?
II. How does NHII help address current health care problems?
A. Improving Healthcare Delivery at Point of Care (Improving Quality) Complete patient information Decision support
B. Reducing Costs & Achieving Efficiencies Eliminate duplicate tests & imaging Eliminate duplicate communication
channels (labs, x-rays, etc.)C. Support Public Health Initiatives &
Biosurveillance Automated disease reporting Automated syndrome reporting
A. Improving Healthcare Delivery at Point of Care (Improving Quality) Complete patient information Decision support
B. Reducing Costs & Achieving Efficiencies Eliminate duplicate tests & imaging Eliminate duplicate communication
channels (labs, x-rays, etc.)C. Support Public Health Initiatives &
Biosurveillance Automated disease reporting Automated syndrome reporting
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III. Who Should Fund NHII?III. Who Should Fund NHII? Federal Government
Already pays for about half of all health care costs
– Medicare– Medicaid– Federal employees– healthcare insurance premium
tax deduction Not considered direct Federal
responsibility High estimated cost (~$150 billion)
is major obstacle
Federal Government Already pays for about half of all
health care costs– Medicare– Medicaid– Federal employees– healthcare insurance premium
tax deduction Not considered direct Federal
responsibility High estimated cost (~$150 billion)
is major obstacle
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III. Who Should Fund NHII? (cont.)III. Who Should Fund NHII? (cont.)
Private Sector Where healthcare is delivered No obvious funding approach Difficult to mobilize stakeholders
– First-mover disadvantage– Misaligned incentives– Mistrust
Organization required to handle funds
Private Sector Where healthcare is delivered No obvious funding approach Difficult to mobilize stakeholders
– First-mover disadvantage– Misaligned incentives– Mistrust
Organization required to handle funds
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IV. How Can We Organizethe Creation of the
NHII?
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Community Approach to HIICommunity Approach to HII
Existing HII systems are local Health care is local benefits are local Facilitates high level of trust needed Easier to align local incentives Local scope increases probability of
success Specific local needs can be addressed Can develop a repeatable implementation
process Parallel implementation more rapid
progress
Existing HII systems are local Health care is local benefits are local Facilitates high level of trust needed Easier to align local incentives Local scope increases probability of
success Specific local needs can be addressed Can develop a repeatable implementation
process Parallel implementation more rapid
progress
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Index of where patients have records Temporary Aggregate
Patient History
Patient Authorized
Inquiry
Hospital Record Laboratory Results Specialist Record
Patient data delivered to Physician
LHII System
RecordsReturned
Requests for Records
Community
Clinician EHRSystem
Encounter Data Stored
in EHR
Pointer to Encounter
Data Added to Index
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Index of where patients have records Temporary Aggregate
Patient History
Authorized Inquiry
from LHII
Hospital Record Laboratory Results Specialist Record
Patient data delivered to other LHII
LHII System
RecordsReturned
Requests for Records
U.S.
anotherLHII
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Problems with scattered data model for community HIIProblems with scattered data model for community HII
All health information systems must have query capability (at extra cost) Organizational cooperation
challenge (esp. for physicians) Maintaining 24/7/365 availability
with rapid response time will be operationally challenging (& costly)
Searching HII repository is sequential (e.g. for research & public health)
Where is financial alignment & sustainability?
All health information systems must have query capability (at extra cost) Organizational cooperation
challenge (esp. for physicians) Maintaining 24/7/365 availability
with rapid response time will be operationally challenging (& costly)
Searching HII repository is sequential (e.g. for research & public health)
Where is financial alignment & sustainability?
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Examples of Community HIIExamples of Community HIIName Data Storage
Spokane, WA Central
South Bend, IN Central
Indianapolis, IN Central
Fishkill, NY Central
Bellingham, WA Central
Cincinnati, OH Central
Number of operational community HII systems using scattered model: NONE
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V. What is the Path toHII in Communities?
Requirements
Vision of Completed System
Path to Development
Requirements
Vision of Completed System
Path to Development
Clearly Articulating Requirements and Envisioning the Completed System is
Essential for Effective Progress
Clearly Articulating Requirements and Envisioning the Completed System is
Essential for Effective Progress
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CompleteElectronicPatientInformation
Stakeholder cooperation
FinancialSustainability
PublicTrust
Components of a Community Health
Information Infrastructure
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CompleteElectronicPatientInformation
Most information is already electronic: Labs, Medications, Images, Hospital Records
Outpatient records are mostly paper Only 10-15% of physicians have EHRs Business case for outpatient EHRs weak
Requirement #1: Provide financial incentives to create good business case for outpatient EHRs
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RequirementsRequirements1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs
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CompleteElectronicPatientInformation
Need single access point for electronic information Option 1: Gather data when needed (scattered model)
Pro: 1) data stays in current location; 2) no duplication of storage
Con: 1) all systems must be available for query 24/7/365; 2) each system incurs added costs of queries (initial & ongoing); 3) slow response time; 4) searching not practical; 5) huge interoperability challenge (entire U.S.); 6) records only complete if every possible data source is operational
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CompleteElectronicPatientInformation
Need single access point for electronic information Option 2: Central repository
Pro: fast response time, no interoperability between communities, easy searching, reliability depends only on central system, security can be controlled in one location, completeness of record assured, low cost
Con: public trust challenging, duplicate storage (but storage is inexpensive)
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CompleteElectronicPatientInformation
Need single access point for electronic information Requirement #2: Central repository for storage
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RequirementsRequirements1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs2. Central repository for storage
1. Provide financial incentives to create good business case for outpatient EHRs
2. Central repository for storage
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Voluntary Impractical Financial incentives
Where find $$$$$? Mandates
New Impractical Existing
– HIPAA requires information to be provided on patient request
Requirement #3: Patients must request all information
Stakeholder cooperation
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RequirementsRequirements1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information
1. Provide financial incentives to create good business case for outpatient EHRs
2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information
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Funding options Government
– Federal: unlikely– State: unlikely– Startup funds at best
Healthcare Stakeholders– Paid for giving care– New investments or transaction
costs difficult Payers/Purchasers
– Skeptical about benefits– Free rider/first mover effects
Consumers– 72% support electronic records– 52% willing to pay >=$5/month
Requirement #4: Solution must appeal to consumers so they will pay
FinancialSustainability
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RequirementsRequirements1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay
1. Provide financial incentives to create good business case for outpatient EHRs
2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay
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A. Public Trust = Patient Control of Information
Requirement #5: Patients must control all access to their information
PublicTrust
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RequirementsRequirements1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay5. Patients must control all access to their
information
1. Provide financial incentives to create good business case for outpatient EHRs
2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay5. Patients must control all access to their
information
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B. Trusted Institution Via regulation (like banks)
impractical (?) Self-regulated
Community-owned non-profit
Board with all key stakeholders
Independent privacy oversight
Open & transparent Requirement #6: Governing
institution must be self-regulating community-owned non-profit
PublicTrust
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RequirementsRequirements1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay5. Patients must control all access to their
information6. Governing institution must be self-regulating
community-owned non-profit
1. Provide financial incentives to create good business case for outpatient EHRs
2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay5. Patients must control all access to their
information6. Governing institution must be self-regulating
community-owned non-profit
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C. Trustworthy Technical Architecture Prevent large-scale information loss
Searchable database offline Carefully screen all employees
Prevent inappropriate access to individual records State-of-the-art computer
security Strong authentication No searching capability Secure operating system
Easier to secure central repository: efforts focus on one place
Requirement #7: Technical architecture must prevent information loss and misuse
PublicTrust
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RequirementsRequirements1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay5. Patients must control all access to their
information6. Governing institution must be self-regulating
community-owned non-profit7. Technical architecture must prevent
information loss and misuse
1. Provide financial incentives to create good business case for outpatient EHRs
2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay5. Patients must control all access to their
information6. Governing institution must be self-regulating
community-owned non-profit7. Technical architecture must prevent
information loss and misuse
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Health Record Banking ModelHealth Record Banking Model All information for a patient stored in
Health Record Bank (HRB) account Patient (or designee) controls all access
to account information [copies of original records held elsewhere]
Each HRB has three interfaces: Withdrawal window - record access Deposit window - receives new info Search window - authorized requests
When care received, new records sent to HRB for deposit in patient’s account
All data sources contribute at patient request (per HIPAA)
All information for a patient stored in Health Record Bank (HRB) account
Patient (or designee) controls all access to account information [copies of original records held elsewhere]
Each HRB has three interfaces: Withdrawal window - record access Deposit window - receives new info Search window - authorized requests
When care received, new records sent to HRB for deposit in patient’s account
All data sources contribute at patient request (per HIPAA)
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eHealthTrust™ Business Model for Health Record BankingeHealthTrust™ Business Model for Health Record Banking
Charge $5/patient/month ($60/year) Paid by patient, payer, or purchaser
Operating Cost < $20/year/patient Payments to clinicians for submitting
standard electronic clinical info provides incentives for EHR acquisition (~$3/encounter)* $10-20K/year for EHR system
Charge $5/patient/month ($60/year) Paid by patient, payer, or purchaser
Operating Cost < $20/year/patient Payments to clinicians for submitting
standard electronic clinical info provides incentives for EHR acquisition (~$3/encounter)* $10-20K/year for EHR system
*patent pending
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Health Record Bank
Clinician EHRSystem
Encounter Data Entered in EHR
Encounter Data sent to
Health Record Bank
PatientPermission?
NODATA NOT
SENT
Clinician Inquiry
Patient data delivered to
Clinician
YES
$3 payment
Clinician’s BankSecure patient
health data files
Health Record Bank / eHealthTrust™
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HRB/eHT Meets RequirementsHRB/eHT Meets Requirements1. Provide financial incentives to create good
business case for outpatient EHRs2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay5. Patients must control all access to their
information6. Governing institution must be self-regulating
community-owned non-profit7. Technical architecture must prevent
information loss and misuse
1. Provide financial incentives to create good business case for outpatient EHRs
2. Central repository for storage3. Patients must request all information4. Solution must appeal to consumers so they
will pay5. Patients must control all access to their
information6. Governing institution must be self-regulating
community-owned non-profit7. Technical architecture must prevent
information loss and misuse
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HRB/eHealthTrust™ AdvantagesHRB/eHealthTrust™ Advantages Uses Existing Infrastructure
Current EHR systems can be converted into HRBs Easily Integrated with
Patient-entered information Patient education information Patient reminders Patient-provider electronic communication
Promotes Gradual Standards Adoption Initial standard enforced through HRB Association Reimbursement policy can improve standard over
time (e.g. to increase coding) Provides Transition from Paper Records
Fax images of paper records stored Metadata facilitates some indexing
Immediate Realization of Benefits Each HRB/eHealthTrust member gets immediate
benefit from complete records Benefits not contingent on critical mass
Uses Existing Infrastructure Current EHR systems can be converted into HRBs
Easily Integrated with Patient-entered information Patient education information Patient reminders Patient-provider electronic communication
Promotes Gradual Standards Adoption Initial standard enforced through HRB Association Reimbursement policy can improve standard over
time (e.g. to increase coding) Provides Transition from Paper Records
Fax images of paper records stored Metadata facilitates some indexing
Immediate Realization of Benefits Each HRB/eHealthTrust member gets immediate
benefit from complete records Benefits not contingent on critical mass
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Strategy for Initial HRB/ eHealthTrust™ FundingStrategy for Initial HRB/ eHealthTrust™ Funding
Issue RFP Vendor builds eHealthTrust in
exchange for long-term guaranteed operations contract (Vendor owns software)
Engage purchasers to enroll beneficiaries to guarantee operational revenue Need about 100,000 subscribers to
break even (~$6 million/year revenue) Once system operational, market to
individual consumers through physicians
Issue RFP Vendor builds eHealthTrust in
exchange for long-term guaranteed operations contract (Vendor owns software)
Engage purchasers to enroll beneficiaries to guarantee operational revenue Need about 100,000 subscribers to
break even (~$6 million/year revenue) Once system operational, market to
individual consumers through physicians
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Win-Win for StakeholdersWin-Win for Stakeholders Consumers
Lower cost, higher quality care Complete medical records under their
control Providers
Financial incentives for EHRs Access to complete patient records
Payers & Purchasers Availability of complete aggregate
data needed to monitor care Lower cost, higher quality care
Consumers Lower cost, higher quality care Complete medical records under their
control Providers
Financial incentives for EHRs Access to complete patient records
Payers & Purchasers Availability of complete aggregate
data needed to monitor care Lower cost, higher quality care
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SUMMARYPath to HII in CommunitiesSUMMARYPath to HII in Communities
I. Community Health Record Bank(s)II. Paid for and Controlled by PatientsIII. Solves Key Problems
Privacy Assurance for Consumers EHR incentives for physicians Financial Sustainability Cooperation by health care institutions Adoption and Gradual Improvement of
StandardsIV. Win/Win for All Stakeholders
I. Community Health Record Bank(s)II. Paid for and Controlled by PatientsIII. Solves Key Problems
Privacy Assurance for Consumers EHR incentives for physicians Financial Sustainability Cooperation by health care institutions Adoption and Gradual Improvement of
StandardsIV. Win/Win for All Stakeholders
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Questions?Questions?
William A. Yasnoff, MD, PhD, [email protected]/527-5678
For more information:www.healthbanking.orgwww.ehealthtrust.com
www.yasnoff.com
For more information:www.healthbanking.orgwww.ehealthtrust.com
www.yasnoff.com