“A FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION OF CO2 AND ITS STORAGE IN A SEMI-DEPLETED GAS RESERVOIR” 

 ÖZGÜR GÜNDOĞAN 

Supported by Turkish Petroleum Corporation

UNIVERSITY OF ROME "LA SAPIENZA"FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Department of Chemical Engineering, Raw Materials and Metallurgy

THE RESERVOIR

Offshore Marmara Sea

Onstream since 1997

OGIP:5.1MMSm3

Natural depletion reservoir

Anticlinal structure

Reservoir rock: bioclastic limestone

Reservoir top: 1150m

:20%, k:50mD

Pi:2075psia(143bar), T:68°C

Kuzey Marmara

STORAGE OF NATURAL GAS

TRASPORTATION GAS

PROCESS

&

COMPRESSION

INJECTION

&

WITHDRAWALINJECTION

&

WITHDRAWAL

CO2

INJECTION

COMPRESSION

TRANSPORTATION

SOURCE CAPTURE

CAPTURE - TRANSPORTATION – STORAGE OF CO2

CAPTURE

Source of CO2

NGCC (Natural Gas Combined Cycle) plant

nominal capacity: 468 MW

real capacity: 85% of nominal capacity

emission factor: 450 kg CO2/MWh

concentration of CO2 in flue gas: 4% volume

working hours :8000 h/year

3530 tons of CO2 per day

post-combustion capture

chemical absorption

monoethanolamine (MEA) at 30%

pureness of CO2: ≥ 99%

recovery rate: 90%

CAPTURE

Fluor Daniel Econamine FG process

2R-NH2 + CO2 → R-NH3+ + R-NH-COO-

R=HO-CH2CH2

Absorber:

Stripper: R-NH-COO- + R-NH3+ + (calore) → CO2 + 2R-NH2

GAS FLUE

CO2

COOLER

DIRECT CONTACT COOLER

COOLERABSORBER

REGENERATOR

REBOILER

CROSS HEAT EXCHANGERPOMPA

BLOWER

EXHAUST GAS

MEA STORAGE

FLASHER

COMPRESSIONE

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5

No. di fase

Po

ten

za (

MW

)

Pin=3bar (43,5psia)

Pout=141bar

(2050psia)

Tin=38°C

Q=1,800 MSm3/d

E=80%

Number of stages

16 MW

CONDITION OF CO2

Operation range

Operation range

Density of CO2

Phase diagramme of CO2

TRANSPORTATION

Performance requirements

nominal capacity of 2,0 MSm3/day

maximum inlet pressure: 2200 psia (152 bar)

inlet temperature: 35°C

maximum soil temperature: 24°C

Onshore

Offshore

30000m2500m

63m

TRANSPORTATION

Tubing curve for 6”

Sensitivity analysis

Tubing curve for 8”

Tubing curve for 10”

TRANSPORTATION

7,8mm

Pipe thickness

Parameters

100% CO2

The pipeline has cooled to 6,2°C, which is the minimum temperature

of the soil at 1m of depth.

Maximum inlet pressure is 2200 psia (152 bar)

The pipe can be stressed to 72% of specified minimum yield strength

Internal corrosion: none

STORAGE

Reservoir model

Tank model

)(1

)(

PPS

CCSBBB

WBGGBG

iw

fww

ggg

pwipg

i

i

ii

zero-dimensional uniform porosity uniform saturation constant temperature uniform pressure

Material balance equation

STORAGEModel calibration

History matching

Tank pressure and cumulative gas production

STORAGEModel calibration

History matching - Sensitivity

Standard deviation against gas in place

STORAGE

History matching – production prediction

Model calibration

STORAGE

Cushion and working gas

Pcushion=1200 psia (82,7 bar) Pmax=2014,7 psia (139 bar)

Pi=2075 psia (143 bar)

iZP

ZPGIIP

)/(

)/( .max= 4,95*109 Sm3

Maximum capacity =

i

cushion

ZP

ZPGIIP

)/(

)/(Cushion gas = = 2,86*109 Sm3

Working gas = Max. capacity– Cushion gas = 4,95*109 – 2,85*109 =2,1*109 Sm3

STORAGE

Well capacity

IPRVLP

5 Offshore wells: maximum capacity:0,54 – 0,86SMm3

6 Onshore extended reach wells: maximum capacity:1,3 – 1,6SMm3

IPR MODEL:

nwfr PPCQ )( 22

Well model: VLP/IPR intersection

STORAGE

Simulation

Simulation has four phases:

1. depletion phase

2. storage of CO2

3. repressurization

4. storage cycles

STORAGEDepletion phase

STORAGE

Depletion phase

Period: 01/06/2005 – 29/11/2008

Final pressure: 755psia

Cumulative factor: 3375 MSm3

Recovery factor: 66%

STORAGE Storage of CO2

STORAGE

Storage of CO2

Tank pressure and cumulative gas injection with storage of 2349 MSm3 of CO2

STORAGERepressurization

STORAGEStorage cycles

ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT

Costs

The cost of the project can be divided in three classes:

Capital costs (Capex)

Operation and maintenance costs (Opex)

Energy costs.

    CAPEX (€)   OPEX (€)

  COST UNIT TOTAL COST

Pipeline Onshore 125,00 30.000,00 3.750.000,0050.000

Pipeline Offshore 375,00 2.563,00 961.125,00

Capture Process 135.000.000,00 1,00 135.000.000,00 14.000.000

Compressione 11.500.000,00 1,00 11.500.000,00 800.000

Storage     250.000

Total151.211.125,0

0 15.100.000

ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT

Energy costs

  Capture Compression Total (€) €/tCO2 €/tCO2seq

1° year 12.352.500 2.819.585 15.172.085 12,44 14,46

2° year 12.352.500 3.095.375 15.447.875 12,66 14,72

3° year 12.352.500 3.405.875 15.758.375 12,92 15,02

4° year 7.178.625 2.143.119 9.321.744 13,15 15,29

ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT

Costs

  Capex Opex Energy Total (€) €/tCO2 €/tCO2seq.

1° year 47.910.862 15.100.000 15.172.085 78.182.947 64,08 74,52

2° year 47.910.862 15.100.000 15.447.875 78.458.737 64,31 74,78

3° year 47.910.862 15.100.000 15.758.375 78.769.237 64,56 75,08

4° year(7months) 27.948.003 8.800.000 9.321.744 46.069.747 64,98 75,56

Total 171.680.589 54.100.000 55.700.079281.480.66

8 64,43 74,91

ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT

 

CAPEX (€/CO2seq)

OPEX (€/CO2seq)

ENERGY (€/CO2seq)

TOTAL (€/CO2seq) %

CAPTURE 40,85 13,35 11,77 65,97 88,06

TRANSPORTATION 4,84 0,81 3,05 8,70 11,62

STORAGE - 0,24 - 0,24 0,32

TOTAL 45,69 14,40 14,82 74,92 100

% 60,99 19,22 19,79 100

Costs

ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT

Revenue

  Gas production (MSm3)Value

(€)

30.11.2005 417 41.700.000

30.11.2006 566 56.600.000

30.11.2007 339 33.900.000

30.11.2008 197 19.700.000

Total 1.519 151.900.000

  Capex- V. gas Opex Energy Total (€) €/tCO2 €/tCO2seq

1° Anno -285.561 15.100.000 15.172.085 29.986.524 24,58 28,58

2° Anno -285.561 15.100.000 15.447.875 30.262.314 24,81 28,84

3° Anno -285.561 15.100.000 15.758.375 30.572.814 25,06 29,14

4° Anno(7 mesi) -166.568 8.808.000 9.321.744 17.963.176 25,34 29,46

Total -1.023.25154.108.00

0 55.700.079108.784.82

8 24,90 28,95

ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

0,1 0,125 0,15 0,175 0,2

valore del gas (€/Sm3)

costo energia

costo finale (alnetto dei crediti)€/

t C

O2 s

eq

Credits (= 20 € / tCO2) : Constant

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

20 25 30 35 40

Valore dei crediti (€/t CO2seq)

costo energia

costo finale (alnetto dei crediti)

ECONOMICAL ASSESSMENT

€/t

CO

2 s

eq

Value of cushion gas (0,10 €): Constant

CONCLUSIONSSequestration of CO2 in a semi-depleted gas reservoir is a valid option.

The substitution of cushion gas with CO2 is economically valid.

The economical analysis showed that the actual value of emission credits, 20 €

per ton of CO2, is insufficient to offset the investments.

Costly to capture CO2

Mixing between natural gas and CO2?

The physical and chemical interactions between CO2, natural gas, water,

reservoir and caprock?

Long run fate of CO2?

Future of capture plant?

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!