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Unit 12 Vocab: 1970s

Conflict and Changes

Word

Definition

Analysis

1. Richard M. Nixon

The 37th President serving from 1969 to 1974, when he became the only president to resign the office.

Opened up relations with China

Dtente policy with the USSR

What role will he have in Vietnam?

2. Imperial Presidency

Growth of Presidential Power where the President relies on their own advisors instead of Cabinet members, who Congress had to approve.

Is this a good thing or a bad thing and why?

3. Wisconsin vs. Yoder (623)

1st Amendment case where the US Supreme Court ruled that the state could not compel or force Amish children to attend public school beyond the eighth grade because it violated the Amish religious principles.

However, the Amish did have a program within their community to support education beyond eighth grade

The parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion outweighed the state's interest in educating its children.

Do you agree with this decision? Why or why not?

4. White vs Register

US Supreme Court case that challenged the Texas 1970 legislative reapportionment

Held unconstitutional as the way the lines were drawn discriminated against racial or ethnic groups.

Why would creating voting districts separated by race matter?

5. Rachel Carson (600)

Wrote Silent Spring (1962) about how chemical fertilizers and pesticides were damaging the fragile ecosystem.

Spurred a reversal in national pesticide policy, which led to a nationwide ban on DDT and other pesticides

Inspired the movement that led to the creation of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (EPA)

What was Rachel Carsons biggest concern?

6. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Mission was to protect the entire ecological chain.

Protected the environment and sought (tried) to limit or eliminate pollutants that posed a risk to the publics health, such as toxic substances that cause cancer.

Give an example of how we currently reduce pollution and protect the environment as a Nation.

7. Endangered Species Act

Signed by President Nixon in 1973,

Promotes the protection of endangered plants and animals.

Why should we care about endangered species?

8. Henry Kissinger (604)

Secretary of State under Presidents Nixon and Ford.

Played an important role in US foreign policy from 1969-77

Pioneered the policy of dtente with the Soviet Union

Aided with relations with the People's Republic of China

Negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War.

What role did Kissinger play in U.S diplomatic relationships?

9. Dtente (607)

Nixons foreign policy in the early 1970s: a relaxation of tensions between the US and its two major Communist rivals, the Soviet Union and China.

Short term helped end Vietnam War

Long term moved world closer to ending Cold War

Give an example of how Nixon used the dtente policy:

10. Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty I and II (607)

SALT I between US and USSR, Nixon presidency

SALT I treaty froze the deployment (use) of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) but did not alter or change the stockpiling of the more dangerous missiles.

SALT I did not end the arms race but was a step forward.

SALT II under Carter presidency where US and USSR agreed to limit nuclear arms production.

Never ratified or approved by the Senate.

What diplomatic policy started by Nixon is this part of?

11. 25th Amendment (612)

deals with succession to the Presidency

establishes procedures for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President

and procedures on how to handle Presidential disabilities

Why did Nixon need to use the 25th amendment? (What happened to Agnew)

12. Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP) (612)

Abbreviated CRP but often mocked as CREEP

A fundraising organization of the Nixon's administration.

Money used for re-election activities, and it used money laundering and slush funds

CRP was directly and actively involved in the Watergate scandal

How was CRP involved in the Watergate scandal?

13. Watergate (612)

A scandal where a group of former CIA agents working on Nixons re-election campaign, were caught breaking into Democratic Party headquarters at the Watergate Complex in DC.

President Nixon tried to cover up the investigation as a matter of national security.

This lead to Nixons resignation

How would this incident affect future Presidents?

14. United States v. Nixon (1974) (612)

Nixon refused to turn secrete recording s of Presidential conversations to the Senate Committee investigating the break-in.

Nixon claimed executive privilege

US Supreme Court ruled that Nixon must turn over the tapes.

Once the tapes were made public, Nixon resigned.

Should the President be forced to turn over internal communications?

15. Executive Privilege (612)

A presidents right to keep certain information confidential in certain circumstances.

Claimed by Nixon where he refused to turn over tapes of recorded conversations that would show he knew about Watergate.

Can you think of any time President Obama may have tried to claim executive privilege? (may need to GOOGLE)

16. Gerald Ford 1974-1977 (615-16)

First president to be not elected by the people.

Became Vice President when Nixons first Vice President resigned, then became president when Nixon resigned in August of 1974.

pardoned Nixon of all crimes made him unpopular

The Vietnam War ended in 1975, in which Ford evacuated nearly 500,000 Americans and South Vietnamese from Vietnam.

Was Gerald Ford an elected President?

17. Inflation(609)

An increase in the supply of money or credit relative to the availability of goods and services, resulting in generally higher prices.

List an example of inflation that you have witnessed.

18. Stagflation (609) (616)

Occurred during the 60's and 70's.

An unusual economic situation in which an economy is suffering both from inflation and from stagnation of its industrial growth (slow or no growth).

Caused by expanding budget for Vietnam War;

Rising foreign competition

Rapid increase in oil prices

What is stagnation?

How will this affect industrial growth?

19. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (609)

An economic organization consisting of (made up of) Arab nations

OPEC controls the price of oil and the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations. (supply)

Important to US because the US used about 1/3 of oil imports for US energy

Is the U.S a member of OPEC?

20. OPEC Oil Embargo 1973 (609)

An oil embargo ( An official ban or restriction on trade)

led by OPEC against the U.S.

This was done by cutting off the supply of oil as a form of protest against the U.S., because the U.S supported Israel.

It caused an energy crisis.

What will this do to the economy (think: how will gas prices react)?

21. Helsinki Accords (617)

Meeting between President Ford and Soviet Union leader Brezhnev in Finland, 1975 to endorse the Helsinki Accord.

Helsinki Accord is an agreement that put the nations (countries) of Europe on record in favor of human rights, or the basic rights that every human being is entitled to have

US and other nations thought at the Soviet Union would allow more personal freedoms.

Name one country there representing the west and that would represent the communist east. (Use GOOGLE if necessarythink back to NATO and Warsaw)

22. Jimmy Carter 1977-1981

Created two new cabinet-level departments: the Department of Energy and the Department of Education.

Established a national energy policy including conservation, price control, and new technology.

In foreign affairs he had the Camp David Accords, the Panama Canal Treaties, the second round of Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II), and he returned the Panama Canal Zone to Panama.

Summarize this President in 6 words or less:

23. National Energy Act

Act enacted by Carter that established:

a tax on "gas-guzzling" automobiles,

removed price controls on U.S. oil and natural gas

provided tax credits for the development of alternative energy.

Why would a tax on gas-guzzling automobiles help with the energy crisis?

24. Community Reinvestment Act of 1977 (619)

Federal law designed to encourage banks to make loans in the same neighborhoods where they take deposits.

Enabled (allowed) low and moderate-income people, including minorities, to own homes for the first time.

Passed in 1977 under Carter to reduce discriminatory credit practices against low-income neighborhoods.

Why would low-income areas experience discrimination?

25. Panama Canal Treaty (620)

Under President Carter, where he decided to return the Panama Canal Zone to Panama.

Agreed to in 1977 where Panama Canal would be returned to Panama by 1999.

Americans believed loss of control over the canal would threaten American shipping and security.

Agreement was ratified by Senate and all control returned to Panama by 1999.