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A DNA Overview

For members of the St. Clair - Sinclair DNA Study and others

By St. Clair Researchwww.StClairResearch.com

Spring, 2012

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Overview - 2012

Total Members 216Y-DNA111 14Y-DNA12 189Y-DNA25 179Y-DNA37 155Y-DNA67 99Y-DNA Deep Clade (After 2008) 32mtDNA 50mtDNA Full Sequence 18mtDNA Plus 33 Family Finder 22

People find their way to the study thanks to the Sinclair family Yahoo groups, by searching on Google, or by a friend who’s already in the study recruiting them.

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Why the Results Are Private

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Your FTDNA Personal Page

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Matches

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Matches

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Matches

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Matches - Results

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Matches - Results

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Matches - 25-marker

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Haplotree

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Haplotree - SNPs

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Haplotree - SNP by SNP

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Haplotree - SNP by SNP - 2

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Standard Results

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - Standard Results

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SNPs - Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms

A SNP (pronounced snip) is a variation two sequenced DNA fragments from different individuals. Here’s an example. Two sequenced DNA fragments from two different individuals differ on a single nucleotide, marked in red. AAGCCTA vs. AAGCTTA.

For a variation to be considered a SNP, it must occur in at least 1% of the population. SNPs, which make up about 90% of all human genetic variation, occur every 100 to 300 bases along the 3-billion-base human genome.

SNPs are genetically stable, much more stable than STRs. So they’re very good for genealogy studies like ours.

DNA molecule 1 differs from DNA molecule 2 at a single base-pair location (a C/T polymorphism).

Sources: 1) Wikipedia (Creative Commons)2) www.ornl.go

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Ordering a SNP - 1

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Ordering a SNP - 2

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Ordering a SNP - 3

More reading on SNPshttp://www.isogg.org/

International Society of Genetic Genealogy

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Getting More Data - Online Communities

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Getting More Data - Excel

One tool I use a lot is an Excel spread sheet that I can export from our complete FTDNA project at any time. Then I turn on a function called “Auto Filter.” That allows me to select the different values in each vertical column.

Here, I’m looking at the options in DYS390. This is a major allele in our study. Early on, it’s the one I suspected would be the major divider of our Lineages and that suspicion proved right. Now, with SNP studies, we’re seeing divisions within some of the groups formed within DYS390.

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Getting More Data - Excel

A hint from a DNA-Forums.org, “M269+/R1b1a2 in combination with DYS492=13 (a very effective indicator of being U106+, but requires 67 markers)”

When I split the project by DYS492 alone, I end up with 45 people who should be positive for U106. However, this allele only shows up in those who have tested out to 67-markers.

Every one of those who shows DYS492=13 are also showing DYS390=23, which is how I divided up our study back in 2004, once we had a statistically relevant sample of about 90 test members.

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STRs Point to SNPs

U106

Z381

Z301U198

L48L259 Z152-Z155

L47

Z9

Z157-Z159

Z10L44 L163

L46

L45 L164 L237

Z327-Z337

Z80-Z84Z326

Z30

Z2

Z7Z217.2

Z4Z3 Z5Z8

Z1

Z13Z6

Z11 Z12

M157.2

U106* Lineage

Z9* Earldom Participant

Z2 Argyle Lineage

Z1 Northern Scotland Lineage

Z156

L1

Z304-Z306

Z18 Z19

Z16/17

Z14

Z372

L257 Z15

L11

Italio-Celtic GermanicP312

(See our P312 - AMH Lineages)

Source: Greg Magoon, DNA-Forums.org

4,500 years ago

2,300 years ago

3,000 years ago???

4,000 years ago???STRs give an indication of which SNPs one might have. This is called a Phylogeny. It’s ever-growing in a downward direction.

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P312 S116

L11

Italio-Celtic Germanic U106

See Previous

PageP312*

Z225 Z229

Z222

Z196 U152 L21 DF19 L238 M65 L617

L459

DF23

L96Z254 DF21

L371

L144

S190 L720 P314

L362

Z246

DF25

DF5

L627

P66 L705

L193

Z577

Z69.4

Z253

L226

L554

Z255

L159.2

Z36

L2Z56

4,500 years ago

1,100 years ago

Source: DNA-Forums.org user Jimm

Z274

Z294

Z209

Z220

Z210

Z278

Z214

M153

L176.2

SRY2627

Z206

Z207

L671S44

L4

S47

L196

L367 L408 Z49

Z142

L562

L20

Z291

M228

L21 Lineage

Our c.1666 Glasgow Lineage

L513

Exeter, New Hampshire LineageNiall of

the Nine Hostages

Participant

Brimms Partic

ipant

STRs Point to SNPs

Our Mystery Lineage??

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SNPs Point to Geography

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SNPs Point to Geography

VauxSaint-Clair

VauxSaint-Clair

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SNPs Point to Geography

I1 E-V13 R1b

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - SNP - Maps - 1

L21 in the FTDNA database

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DNA Tools - Y-DNA - SNP - Maps - 2

L193 in the FTDNA database

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Source: Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Celts_in_Europe.png

Core Hallstatt territory, by the 6th century BCMaximal

Celtic expansion, by 275 BC

Areas where Celtic languages remain widely spoken today

Getting More Data - Archaeology, Linguistics, etc.

Movements ofthe Visigoths

http://www2.div.ed.ac.uk/courses/Animated_Maps/Divinity6web/movements.html

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Getting More Data - Place Name

books.google.com 29 places named St Clair in France in the 1800s.

Google Maps8 places named St Clairin France

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Importance of Documents Research

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Importance of Documents Research

STR Matches

RecentSNP

Matches

Old Documents