A Divided Nation: The Civil War

What To Expect Learning Stations Activities

Group Activities Computer Lab

Cooperative Learning Opportunities Primary Source Activities

DBQ PowerPoint with Discussion

Unit Assessment

What I KnowAbout the Civil War

What I Learned About the Civil War

What I Want to Learn About the Civil War

K-W-L The Civil War - TTYN

The Precursor: Westward Expansion

Sectional Conflict - - Very Real and Very Important Each section wanted expansion Each wanted new states to be created in its own

image Senate Balance

Economic Motives Merchants and Industrialists of Northeast wanted an

expanding market Free states proved to be a much better market for

their products

The Precursor: Westward Expansion The Opening of China

Opium Wars

America persuades the Chinese Emperor the same

concessions as that of Britain; gave birth to the idea of

enormous wealth as a result of trade w/ China

Led to the projecting of a railroad to the Pacific Coast

Each section wanted the RR to bring Chinese trade its

way

TTYN: How does Manifest Destiny fit into this equation? TTYN = Talk to your Neighbor

The Wilmot Proviso“ Neither slavery not involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said country”

– Wilmot Proviso TTYN: Interpret the following quotes

“…the Wilmot Proviso is an unconstitutional act that would deny Southerners the right to move freely with

their property into commonly held American territory.”

- John Calhoun

“…while the Constitution protected slavery in the states where it already existed, we should never knowingly lend ourselves directly or indirectly, to

prevent that slavery from dying a natural death – to find new places for it to live in, when it can no longer

exist in the old.”- Abraham

Lincoln

What Did We Learn: The Compromises of the Civil War

The Kansas-Nebraska Act The Kansas-Nebraska Bill of 1854 undid the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850.

The tension between pro-slavery and free soil factions over slavery in new territories increased

Stephen Douglas' bill left the Kansas territory open to the rule of popular sovereignty.

Dred Scott

TTYN – The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution, did Taney ignore the basic ideas of each? Specifically, “all men are created equal.”

He believed that blacks "had no rights which the white man was bound to respect; and that the negro might justly and lawfully be reduced to slavery for his benefit. He was bought and sold and treated as an ordinary article of merchandise and traffic, whenever profit could be made by it."

The Election of 1860

The presidential Election of 1860 brought these

conflicts to a head with dramatic consequences.

The Democratic Party split into three groups along

regional lines, each vying for control of the party and

each holding different ideas about how to deal with

slavery in the West.

Three camps lined up against Abraham Lincoln, the

nominee of the Republican Party, who advocated

that the West be free of slavery entirely.

Why Secession?

Southern Economic Interests

Long-range threat to the entire economic and

social structure of the South

No. Republicans pushing for a homestead law

Northern Railroad plans

High Tariffs

Sectional balance in the Senate

Document 1“I consider the central idea pervading this struggle is the necessity that is upon on, of proving that popular government is not an absurdity. We must settle this question now, whether in a free government the minority have the right to break up the government whenever they choose. If we fail it will go far to prove the incapability of the people to govern themselves.”

Abraham LincolnDocument 2A Southern victory would give courage to the enemies of progress and damp the spirits of its friends all over the civilized world.”

John Stuart Mill

Document 3“It is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and immovable attachment to it; accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity. The first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts.”

George Washington

Causes of the Civil War

Causes

Nat Turner

Nat Turner leads a rebellion against plantation owners in 1831 and killed 60 people

TTYN: Why is a rebellion, which occurred almost thirty years before the Civil War significant?

Stonewall Jackson

He knew that the Valley was

the bread basket for the

South.

Edinburg produced the most

wheat.

Jackson only lost in the

Kenstown.

He didn’t use chairs because

he believed that standing

was good for you.

Ulysses S. Grant

The hero of Vicksburg and Chattanooga

1864, took command of all the Union Armies

Had Lincoln’s full confidence

Lt. General – not since George Washington

Polar opposite of McClellan“there is no turning

back”

TTYN: What effect, if any, has the war had on Southern life?

Robert E. Lee

TTYN: Interpret the following quotes from Robert E. Lee

“…I look upon secession as anarchy. If I owned the

four millions of slaves in the South I would sacrifice

them all to the Union; but how can I draw my sword

upon Virginia, my native state?”

2nd Manassas or 2nd Bull Run, VA

August 29-30, 1862 The general for the

Confederate was Stonewall Jackson.

The general for the Yankees was John Pope.

The North lost 16,000 soldiers while the South lost only 9,000

The South won the battle.

The Turning PointThinking about our time discussing the Revolutionary War (Remember that??)

Which battle during the Revolutionary War is considered the turning point?

The Battle of Saratoga

Every war has a turning point and the Civil War is no different.

The Battle of Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863) is widely considered

to be the turning point of the American Civil War

The Battle of Gettysburg

The Turning Point

Lee would never again attempt an offensive operation of

such proportions. Although the war was to continue for two

more horrible years, the Confederacy would never recover from

the losses of Gettysburg.

“…the most desperate which ever took place in the world. Nothing can picture the horrors of the battlefield around the ruined city of Gettysburg. Each house, church, hovel, and barn is filled with the wounded of both armies. The ground is covered with the dead.

General Abner Doubleday

The Battle of Gettysburg

A Slave Advertisement

The Issue of Slavery

Francis Carpenter

The Emancipation Proclamation

Why the delay?

The Peninsula Defeat – made it clear that extraordinary

means were necessary to save the Union and Antietam gave

Lincoln the opening to deal with slavery

Confederacy use of slaves – dug trenches and built

fortifications; cooks and hospital attendants, which freed up

the soldiers to fight

Lincoln’s plan – divest the rebels of their slaves – who

would be free to join the Union forces and provide the North

an advantage

The Emancipation Proclamation

Lincoln knew that the Queen and working population were anti-slavery Introducing the slavery issue would make it impractical for the British Gov’t to come to the aid of the Confederacy

TTYN – Do you believe that Lincoln finally came to his senses regarding slavery or was the Emancipation Proclamation driven by diplomatic purposes?

A Diplomatic Move

William Seward

“the ablest American

diplomatist of the

century.”

Summer of ‘63

Transformation in the Union war effort – the deployment of black regiments 180K Black Soldiers – 54th Massachusetts Regiments

“He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country –and have that claim respected.”

--Frederick Douglas

“The Colored population is the great available and yet un-availed of, force for restoring the Union.”

--Abraham Lincoln

One Fine Day

The Homestead Act – promised 160 acres if free public land largely in the West to settlers who agreed to reside on property for five years or more.

The Morrill Act – public lands to states for the establishment of land-grant colleges

Pacific Railroad Act- made the construction of a transcontinental railroad possible

Legal Tender Bill – laid the economic foundation for the Union war effort, which created paper money known as “greenbacks.”

13th Amendment

Passed by Congress

January 31, 1865

To be examined in greater detail

during our

Reconstruction Unit

Killing Lincoln

To be examined in greater detail during our

Reconstruction Unit

On April 14, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated while watching a play at Ford's Theatre in

Washington

Whig Party

C.S.I.Emancipation Proclamation

CLASSIF IED

C A S E F I L E

Emancipation Proclamation

September of 1862, after the Union's victory at Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary decree stating that, unless the rebellious states returned to the Union by January 1, freedom would be granted to slaves within those states.

Document 2

Frederick Douglas Quote

Document 3

Horace Greeley Quote

Document 8