A Compound is….. A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically...
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Transcript of A Compound is….. A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically...
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A Compound is…..
A substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically combined.
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A Mixture, on the other hand, is…
A substance made from two or more different elements that have not been chemically combined, and which can be separated by physical means
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A Mineral is a naturally occurring Inorganic Solid with a definite chemical composition and a
crystalline structure.
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That means that…
•It can’t be organic in origin
•It can’t be a liquid and..•It has to have a crystal structure
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5 Characteristics of minerals are:
1. Inorganic2. Solid3. Occurs Naturally4. Definite Chemical
Composition5. Atoms are arranged in an
orderly pattern
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Rocks that have a high percentage of Silicates are light in color, and
are called Felsic rocks.
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Rocks that have a low percentage of Silicates are dark
in color, and are called Mafic rocks.
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How do Minerals Form???
1. Minerals form in cooling magma chambers
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Different types of minerals crystallize at different temperatures
Decreasing temperature
Mineral formation in a Magma ChamberBowen’s Reaction Series
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Also the size of the mineral crystals is determined by the rate of cooling of the magma.
-Large crystals form when the magma cools very slowly.
-Small crystals form when the magma cools very quickly.
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OlivinePyroxene
Peridotite- Mostly Olivine Gabbro- Pyroxene and Olivine
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Gabbro- Pyroxene and Olivine
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Pyroxene
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2. Metamorphic Minerals:Some minerals occur as the result of Recrystallisation and Reaction within
existing rocks which produces new minerals in response to changes in
and
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Pyroxene
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3. Some types of minerals form as water containing dissolved ions slowly evaporates.
Salt deposits
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A Crystal is….
A regular geometric solid with smooth surfaces called….
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Minerals are identified and classified by visual inspection, and
by performing simple tests to determine their physical properties
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Color is the most easily observed, but least reliable property of a mineral for identification.
This is because the color of many minerals varies with the kind of impurities in the mineral.
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Streak is the color of the powder left on a streak plate when a mineral is rubbed on it.
Streak is much more reliable than color because, although the color of a mineral changes, its streak does not.
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Luster is the way in which a mineral shines in the light.
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Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to split in a particular direction.
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Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break in directions other than along crystal faces or cleavage surfaces.
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Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to being scratched.
The Mohs Hardness Scale is one of the most effective tool for identifying minerals.
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