A Comparison of Turkish A Comparison of Turkish Mehter Music and W.A. Mehter Music and W.A.

MozartMozart

Presentation by Matt CravenPresentation by Matt Craven

Turkish musicTurkish music

Folk music specific to janissary bands and Turkish Folk music specific to janissary bands and Turkish troubadourstroubadours

Jannisary bands were a fad in Europe for a time, they had Jannisary bands were a fad in Europe for a time, they had zil, davul, kos, zurna zil, davul, kos, zurna

Other folk music dominated by the saz, a type of long-Other folk music dominated by the saz, a type of long-necked lutenecked lute

Also used are the ney and kanunAlso used are the ney and kanun Employ makams, a type of scale systemEmploy makams, a type of scale system Known to have irregular meters, such asKnown to have irregular meters, such as

5/8, 7/8, 8/8, 7/4, 8/45/8, 7/8, 8/8, 7/4, 8/4

MakamsMakams

Combination of tetrachords and pentachordsCombination of tetrachords and pentachords Rules of melodic progressionRules of melodic progression Three types of makamsThree types of makams

Simple, Transposed, CompoundSimple, Transposed, Compound Three types of progression, seyirThree types of progression, seyir

Ascending, Descending, Ascending-DescendingAscending, Descending, Ascending-Descending

Janissary bandsJanissary bands

Called “mehter” by the TurksCalled “mehter” by the Turks

First military bands of modern First military bands of modern stylestyle

Incorporated zurna, davul, Incorporated zurna, davul, boru, nakkare, zil, and kosboru, nakkare, zil, and kos

Melodies are monophonicMelodies are monophonic Incisive timbreIncisive timbre Shifts in modesShifts in modes Many repeated sectionsMany repeated sections Several subdivisions of Several subdivisions of

basic pulsebasic pulse Fast, ornamental patternsFast, ornamental patterns

Janissary bandsJanissary bands

Symbol of the Ottoman TurksSymbol of the Ottoman Turks Used to define social statusUsed to define social status Cagana or cevgen used as a ceremonial Cagana or cevgen used as a ceremonial

instrumentinstrument Influenced two music styles in western Influenced two music styles in western

musicmusic Predecessor of first marching bandsPredecessor of first marching bands

http://www.turkishculture.org/pages.php?http://www.turkishculture.org/pages.php?ChildID=&ParentID=7&ID=86&ChildID1=487&miMore=1#PageCoChildID=&ParentID=7&ID=86&ChildID1=487&miMore=1#PageContentntent

W. A. Mozart W. A. Mozart ((1756-17911756-1791))

Born January 27Born January 27 Started playing keyboard at Started playing keyboard at

3, composing at 53, composing at 5 1764, wrote first 3 1764, wrote first 3

symphoniessymphonies 1768 wrote first opera1768 wrote first opera 1777 concertmaster of 1777 concertmaster of

archbishop of Salzburg, fell archbishop of Salzburg, fell in love with Aloysia Weberin love with Aloysia Weber

1781 moved to Vienna1781 moved to Vienna 1782 married Constanze 1782 married Constanze

Weber, wrote Weber, wrote Abduction Abduction from Seragliofrom Seraglio

1786 Marriage of Figaro1786 Marriage of Figaro 1787 became composer of 1787 became composer of

Imperial and Royal Imperial and Royal Chamber, his father diedChamber, his father died

1791 composed music for 1791 composed music for Vienna court began to feel Vienna court began to feel ill in Pragueill in Prague

Dec 5, 1791 died of Dec 5, 1791 died of rheumatic feverrheumatic fever

Mozart’s MusicMozart’s Music

After he played for Empress of Austria at 6, his father After he played for Empress of Austria at 6, his father devoted himself to Mozart’s educationdevoted himself to Mozart’s education

Some influences were JS Bach; Sammartini, an early Some influences were JS Bach; Sammartini, an early composer of symphoniescomposer of symphonies

Foremost influence was Franz Josef Haydn, Mozart Foremost influence was Franz Josef Haydn, Mozart dedicated a set of six string quartets to himdedicated a set of six string quartets to him

Famous WorksFamous Works Early (1761-1772): La finta simplice; Bastien und Batienne; Early (1761-1772): La finta simplice; Bastien und Batienne;

Mitridate, re di PontoMitridate, re di Ponto Middle(1772-1781): Missa in CMiddle(1772-1781): Missa in C Late(1781-1791): Idomeneo re di Creta; The Abduction from Late(1781-1791): Idomeneo re di Creta; The Abduction from

Seraglio; The Marriage of Figaro; Don Giovanni; Cosi fan Seraglio; The Marriage of Figaro; Don Giovanni; Cosi fan tutte; La Clemenza de Tito; The Magic Flute; Requiemtutte; La Clemenza de Tito; The Magic Flute; Requiem

Piano Sonata No. 11Piano Sonata No. 11

3 movement Sonata, probably written 3 movement Sonata, probably written around 1783around 1783

11stst movement, 6 variations on a theme. 2 movement, 6 variations on a theme. 2ndnd movement, minuetmovement, minuet

Last movement called Alla Turca (Turkish Last movement called Alla Turca (Turkish Rondo) Allegretto in A minorRondo) Allegretto in A minor

Melodies are Melodies are monophonicmonophonic

Incisive timbreIncisive timbre Shifts in modesShifts in modes Many, repeated Many, repeated

sectionssections Several subdivisions of Several subdivisions of

basic pulsebasic pulse Fast, ornamental Fast, ornamental

patternspatterns

Works CitedWorks Cited

mappery.com/maps/Turkey-Country-Map.mediumthumb.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mappery.com/map-mappery.com/maps/Turkey-Country-Map.mediumthumb.jpg&imgrefurl=http://mappery.com/map-name/Turkey-Country-name/Turkey-Country-Map&usg=__ILENK3XgsD3LuWAGQbo6AL2LBXM=&h=399&w=600&sz=95&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbMap&usg=__ILENK3XgsD3LuWAGQbo6AL2LBXM=&h=399&w=600&sz=95&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=UuI0KSv0MxF_LM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dturkey%2Bcountry%2Bpicturesnid=UuI0KSv0MxF_LM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=135&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dturkey%2Bcountry%2Bpictures%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:*%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:*%26um%3D1

http://thinkgeoenergy.com/archives/1717 http://thinkgeoenergy.com/archives/1717 http://www.kulsan.org/kulsan/gb/music/groupshttp://www.kulsan.org/kulsan/gb/music/groups http://www.peterpringle.com/kanun.htmlhttp://www.peterpringle.com/kanun.html http://www.indexmundi.com/turkey/demographics_profile.htmlhttp://www.indexmundi.com/turkey/demographics_profile.html http://www.incirlik.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5471http://www.incirlik.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=5471 http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html http://www.izmirorg.com.tr/images/big/mehter-http://www.hinesmusic.com/What_Are_Makams.html http://www.izmirorg.com.tr/images/big/mehter-

icin-cevgen.jpgicin-cevgen.jpg http://yazarlikyazilimi.meb.gov.tr/Materyal/mardin/grup2/muzikaletleri/resimler/http://yazarlikyazilimi.meb.gov.tr/Materyal/mardin/grup2/muzikaletleri/resimler/

davul.jpgdavul.jpg http://www.uzmanportal.com/wp-content/dosyalarim/2009/06/mehter5.jpghttp://www.uzmanportal.com/wp-content/dosyalarim/2009/06/mehter5.jpg http://www.turkishculture.org/pages.php?http://www.turkishculture.org/pages.php?

ChildID=&ParentID=7&ID=86&ChildID1=487&miMore=1#PageContentChildID=&ParentID=7&ID=86&ChildID1=487&miMore=1#PageContent http://www.peterpringle.com/pppix/kanun1.jpeghttp://www.peterpringle.com/pppix/kanun1.jpeg http://www.ente.at/images/head/mozart_1.jpghttp://www.ente.at/images/head/mozart_1.jpg http://dosostenidomenor.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/mozart.jpghttp://dosostenidomenor.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/mozart.jpg

http://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MOZ/mozart-01.jpghttp://www.1902encyclopedia.com/M/MOZ/mozart-01.jpg

Works citedWorks cited

http://www.worldturkey.com/tourisminfo/oludd.jpghttp://www.worldturkey.com/tourisminfo/oludd.jpg http://www.applesaucekids.com/Music/GenMusic/RondoAllaTurca-let.pdfhttp://www.applesaucekids.com/Music/GenMusic/RondoAllaTurca-let.pdf http://www.its.caltech.edu/~tan/Mozartreq/main.htmlhttp://www.its.caltech.edu/~tan/Mozartreq/main.html http://www.mideastweb.org/culture/ney.jpghttp://www.mideastweb.org/culture/ney.jpg http://img2.blogcu.com/images/y/a/g/yagmurve/1231557839zurna.jpghttp://img2.blogcu.com/images/y/a/g/yagmurve/1231557839zurna.jpg http://everynote.com/goods.pic/Moz_RonAlTurca.gifhttp://everynote.com/goods.pic/Moz_RonAlTurca.gif http://cnx.org/content/m15861/latest/http://cnx.org/content/m15861/latest/