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Transcript of A common sense gold24k pdf eng jun2016
Common sense, innate or learned quality?
Common sense and professionals. Metaphor
of pure gold.
Carlos Alberto Rivas Rojas, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú,
Perú, 2016, june 06
http://filosofiasxxi.blogspot.pe/2016/06/common-sense-innate-or-learned-
quality.html
Sometimes I wonder if common sense is
uncommon whos in the land. Maybe it's a rare
commodity to be cultivated & cherished.
Neil de Grasse Tyson (1)
The purity of gold
When the purity of gold is valued, there are special measures that account
for purity. The gold pieces, jewelry or any objects have different colors
and purity level, which are identified by persons trained for that. A expert
will not be sold "fool's gold" or 12 carat gem like 24K. (2)
Carat is the term used to measure the content of gold or the purity of a
jewel or object. The higher purity of gold greater number of carats and
therefore higher value of the gem or piece evaluated.
How to measure the carat or share of gold is different from the
conventional use of percentages (parts per 100), because the parts used
for every 24. That is, if a gem has 18 carats is because 18 24 parts of the
same are gold. In percentage terms, 75% of the jewel is gold (18/24 =
0.75). For silver, the monies are measured in parts per 12, then 9 monies
equivalent to a jewel made of 75% silver.
In principle a piece 24K would be completely made of gold, as would 24
24 parts of gold and silver of 12 money would be made entirely of silver.
Right in theory but in practice it is not. No jewelry 24K gold or silver 12
money, get rid of having impurities. There are other elements such as
silver or copper to form alloys that give greater hardness and malleability
to gold.
A notation that simplifies the writing of the purity of the compounds is
the "number of nines" purity. A material with a purity of 99.9% having a
purity of 3N ( "three nines"). In the case of 24-karat gold stipulates that it
must have at least a purity of 3N, ie should be made up 99.9% gold. There
are some samples that have been refined gold to purities, with the purest
a sample manufactured by Perth incredible Mint with 6N purity
(99.9999%), in a piece of gold called Plate 42C and obtained in 1957 for
the home currency Australian Perth Mint bullion.
Gold first law has 750 thousandths or 18 carat (18/24); the rest is silver
and copper, which give hardness and ideal for finished jewelry color. Gold
second law has 583.3 mil or 14 carat (14/24). No gold with more than 24
carats and care should be taken if a seller wants to surprise with gold 25
carat or 26.
Common sense
For this phrase no single definition, so I present some ideas. The term
describes common sense beliefs or propositions that are fed by society
(family, clan, people, nation or humanity). Common sense is the basic
ability to perceive, understand, judge things, which is shared ( "common")
by almost everyone and can reasonably be expected of most people
without debates or discussions. It is a basic type of awareness and ability
to judge is expected that many people share naturally incuso if they can
not explain why.
Common sense is equivalent to knowledge and shared by a community
and considered prudent, logical or valid beliefs; It is the natural ability to
judge events and events reasonably.
The concept of common sense is used to designate the intelligence that
developed the human being and it allows you handled wisely in different
life situations. Common sense is understood as what is right to do, think
or say at certain times, although this does not necessarily imply that
action, thought or that phrase are correct.
Common sense is the subject of philosophers. Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
defines common sense as "the ability to orient themselves in practical life.
Thomas Reid (1719-1796), representing the Scottish school of common
sense, he says" common sense is a faculty inferential all human action
where the interest comes before the duty. "He says there is a tendency to
behave instinctively in most cases although any activity is based on reason
while habits aside and appetites to compensate vital needs." for Reid, the
principles common sense "are universal and fixed and not subject to
review or renewal" (universalism). Karl Popper (1902-1994) however,
recognizes that the contents of common sense "itself are subject to
challenge and change" (Contextualism).
Common sense, is taught or learned?
In the history of the world, universities are newly created institutions, but
common sense always accompanied the man and enriched or became
more intense as humanity progressed in every aspect.
With universities and the increased complexity of life, they appear
professions and professionals who must theoretically always decide right
regarding its scope. Thus, a construction engineer should always decide
the right thing in relation to their works, bridges or buildings; physicians
should decide whether or not a surgical operation is performed;
enterprise administrators should determine whether or not enter a
market; financiers must demonstrate whether to apply for a loan or other
financial transaction is made.
But sometimes they work or bridges fall or collapse, patients die, are lost
markets and the company goes bankrupt, or financial disasters. Does this
indicate that professionals are bad, incompetent or that the profession is
always linked to failures or losses? Not necessarily. Perhaps technically
they were right, followed the correct procedures and protocols in each
case, but something went wrong, something missing, something that is
common to all professions and professional, but unfortunately is not
accessible my employed by all professionals. It is common sense that
many do not feel or understand, or sometimes refuse to use it because it
means going against the current, not literally meet protocols, rules or
orders. Sometimes the use of common sense, is rejected because it
requires getting out of the comfort zone of safety. If something goes
wrong, it is released from liability with statements like "It's because of
who ordered me. I just followed the instructions. " It is forbidden to think,
to question, to change something even if you see disaster.
The engineer who carefully followed the instructions of the planes, and
respected schedules, meet deadlines and costs observed as the bridge
opened with pomp and pride, falls and causes a lot of damage to people,
to pride, to the company. Why? He did not dare to delay the work a couple
of days to find out more about some leaks and anomalies on the ground,
despite the advice of laborers who warned about the risks of collapse of
the ground. He knew much technique, there was always built bridges and
similar situations had not done anything. Well, all cats are gray, but a
person with "common sense" knows that similarity does not mean they
are really equal.
Furthermore, why we should give credit to a pawn? Common sense also
includes the ability to serve, to listen to others that if they have common
sense. A After all, use common sense and exercise is not a technique, is an
art and artists are just people equipped for art, nobody else. The
technique is rigid, you have fixed rules; art is flexible, adapts to the
circumstances and success depends on the artist. Admittedly, some
people learn to be artists, with great dedication and effort.
It is clear that common sense is not part of the curriculum in any
profession, because you can not teach, it discovers and develops but no
one can learn to act with wisdom and sanity from scratch. As in art
anyone without paste artist, or anyone who has the creative impulse as a
motivating force, can offer a sublime work. Bob Ingersoll, already sensed
this and valued above common sense education. And he was not wrong
(3)
The fallacy of academic qualifications
Is there any chance between the possession of titles and degrees and
common sense? No, it depends on the people and circumstances. In some
cases, the relationship between common sense and academic
qualifications is direct and evident, as shown in Figure 1. And the reason
is simple: the titles and degrees truly reflect the skills, gifts, abilities of
people who were granted. In most cases it is not necessarily so, because
people with diplomas or degrees have neither put into practice the skills
expected of them, let alone common sense. (4)
Now I propose a comparison between the strength of gold (the amount
and carat) and common sense. A direct relationship simple: A
higher purity or karat number, the greater common sense.
Regarding the comment about the jewelry expert who is not you can fool
with tinsel or low grade gold, the person must hire someone, is for a
company, a project or academic activities must be canny and trained as
the buyer of jewelry. The first can differentiate legitimate from the false
and spurious, why not buy "gold of 25 or 26 karat" and know clearly
differentiate between pyrite and pure gold. The second will not be
impressed by titles and degrees and look in other respects the skills and
capabilities you need for your organization or project. A lot to ask?
Perhaps, but unfortunately this capacity is also limited as common sense,
as well as tinsel dazzles and blinds, also dazzles titles and degrees in
abundance and condition to make bad decisions, sometimes very bad.
At present there are universities that provide double, triple or quadruple
degree to who has completed a Masters program. Who attended a
master's in Peru, the end has a diploma awarded by a European American
college and perhaps one of China. A tempting offer, but I think a study
trip a week to a university is not magic or guarantee has formed the ability
to make good decisions reinforced with a strong common sense.
In Figure 2 the possibilities that may exist when the correlation between
common sense and possession of diplomas or degrees are looking shown.
The four quadrants show possible cases, using the metaphor of royal gold
and faux gold as a resource to show the possibility of genuine and
spurious powers.
This situation is a part of a marketing strategy. Who sells something and
have strong competition, you should add some value to the product or
service it sells to attract the undecided customer. Which it puts extra
largest cherry on the cake so it will sell faster and perhaps higher price. I
must also admit that there are some people, whose number is as scarce as
common sense, to the variety of diplomas or degrees they receive does not
change anything, because they already have the conditions, capacities and
gifts that was expected of them. Diplomas, double, triple or quadruple, are
only formal or protocol elements.
Although it seems an exaggeration, it is necessary to add that among
those attending undergraduate, master's or doctorate, very few have the
skills to seize that opportunity 100% of these conditions. Exceptions are
clear in high-level universities, where students are also first rate and are
there because they seek and accept challenges, want to think and exercise
common sense. Of course, for this small group the aim is not diploma or
degree, but opportunities to demonstrate his genius through research,
books, papers and other publications which provide knowledge through
professional field in which they work. They are not passive receivers and
repetitive theories and knowledge, are not "fanatical followers" of theories
and formulas to which attribute to "magical powers". Featured
professionals are proactive creators, who question, if necessary, what they
learned and propose improvements, changes, evolution usually are
iconoclasts. They are definitely like gold 6N, his deeds and reveal
Products and quickly recognize who is well trained.
In Figure 3 you can see that the person who finds and selects the best is
also the best and therefore is not caught in the trap of appearances, tinsel,
from the false.
How can the movement arrow 1? When the person you have chosen is
inexperienced, is influenced by the illusion. Choose tinsel or prefers
because he can not recognize it, not to make the effort to identify what is
authentic and also because she is also someone who has plenty of tinsel or
pyrite, and a marked absence of pure gold shortage. Also when corruption
is imposed on the values and friendship predominate, cronyism and other
factors on justica and transparency. Do not choose the best, but the friend
or the one with which it has affinities transparent.
It is possible to empirically demonstrate this behavior, details and
consequences if a study is done in the public sector, ministry and other
state entities where mediocrity, mendacity trap and are part of the
"normal" or everyday behavior.
As for the movement through the arrow 2, at the top, who chooses and is
the same is pure gold, gold 6N and so choose only someone similar or
superior, because he knows recognize the legitimate and detect loa false,
spurious . By its very nature it does not suit you mix or interact with
someone less level, issues of pride and strictly practical reasons.
In a practical sense, a boss of companies that elect incompetent false
merits, end up doing work that correspond to these collaborators and
never get the expected results. We said before that could take into account
someone similar or superior, because intelligence, integrity and
professional ability that characterize allow you to understand that when a
partner is higher, you can learn from it and achieve more ambitious
results. In the military field, for example, you never conquer a fortress if
the assault team leader chooses companions fearful, timid, feeble moral,
weak, without initiative or value.
This rule is common in the private sector and the few cases where tinsel
preferred are notorious and often quickly make the necessary corrections.
An incompetent, a subject with fake diplomas or degrees, can not be CEO
of a large organization, unlike the public sector where an illiterate or
incompetent can be a minister, congressman or a senior official. In a
developed country it is more difficult this aberrant situation because in
addition to economic development, there is greater social awareness and
civic values most practical and not easily pass these aberrations; in a
backward country it would be a surprise, or if you want a miracle, find the
head of a competent public institution really someone. There are
exceptions, of course, but they are as extreme statistical data, are
neglected in the analysis.
Anticipating criticism about alleged discrimination in relation to the
requirements for membership of the State, took up the phrase Ingersoll,
for preference common sense on education (the supposed merits achieved
by this system); but the reality is that verifiably who manages to enter the
state bureaucratic system making use of ruses to show false powers, and
lacks common sense. It has much malice, ability to trap and fraud, much
immorality and ability to induce others to accept their position, but no
common sense. Common sense is used to do the right things
right.
The ¿desirable or rejected? Common sense
Common sense is desirable because it helps make more appropriate under
the circumstances, for best results, to improve the world and improve the
status and situation of those involved or affected decisions.
But whenever there is a desirable event as a result of a decision, who
made the decision, he used common sense? Usually if, although
sometimes there are situations that contradict logic.
Can you go from level 1 to 2, in the context of Figure 3? In case you choose
yes, because with the training, dedication and humble enough to
recognize its current limitations, you can incorporate the ability to
distinguish the legitimate from the false. In the case that I was chosen, not
because you can not convert pyrite gold, you can not use magic formulas
alchemists impossible for attaining changes. This impossibility is absolute
if this person is classified in the group on the right, tinsel. Rascals never
change, only retract when fear being caught or punished.
The exercise of common sense is difficult to teach. As the exercise of
thinking, it is a painful activity that demands effort, sacrifice and often
forced to act in opposition to what the majority decides.
He who does not use common sense prefers herd behavior, follow the
herd, hide among the group to avoid responsibility, follow groupthink
(groupthink) The groupthink concept (psychologist Irving Janis, 1972)
describes the process by which a group can make bad or irrational
decisions; in groupthink, each member of the group tries to shape their
opinion which believe is the consensus of the group.
It is difficult to teach common sense because it needs to be iconoclastic,
take the risks of sanctions or rejection, misunderstanding, loneliness and
permanent criticism. Even at the decisions made under the context of
common sense lead to the desired results, the multitude of the enemies of
the common or deprived of it, will be lurking sense to criticize, take
advantage of any weakness to justify. Did you hear any readers talk about
the dog in the manger?
That is why there are so few thinkers, so there are few people with
common sense. And as a popular phrase says, "common sense is a
flower that does not grow in any garden." Do not buy, it exists
in nature, but it develops when there is will and determination to act often
assuming costs and incomprehension.
Notes
(1) Neil de Grasse Tyson (Bronx, October 5, 1958) is an astrophysicist, writer and
science writer. Director of the Hayden Planetarium at the Rose Center for Earth and
Space, a research associate in the Department of Astrophysics at the American Museum
of Natural History. Since 2006 he is the host of the educational TV NOVA Science
NOW scientific cutting public channel WGBH Boston, PBS member, and has been a
frequent guest on scientific programs. The Daily Show, The Colbert Report, Real Time
with Bill Maher and Jeopardy !. It hosted the sequel to the TV show Cosmos: A
Personal Journey, written and originally presented by Carl Sagan, "Cosmos: A Space
Odyssey time" released on March 9, 2014.
(2) The carat is an ancient unit of measurement that indicates the amount of precious
metal, in this case gold, which has a jewel. Today it is still used in jewelry for its ease of
use. Carat measurement unit can refer to two different magnitudes. There is a carat as
the unit of mass, whose equivalence is 200 milligrams, and there is a carat as the unit
of gold purity. Both are used for centuries; the latter interpretation is what interests us
now.
Pyrite is a mineral group of sulphides whose chemical formula is FeS2. It has a 53.48%
sulfur and 46.52% iron. Often solid, fine granular, sometimes subfibroso radiated;
reniform, globular, Stalactitic. Insoluble in water and magnetic by heating. Its name
derives from the Greek root pyr (fire) as to touch her with metals emitted sparks. It is
known as "fool's gold", "gold-poor" or "tinsel" for its resemblance to gold.
(3) Robert "Bob" Green Ingersoll (1833-1899) was a lawyer, a veteran of the American
Civil War, political leader and orator US during the Golden Age of Freethought,
remembered for his great culture, criticism of religion and his defense of agnosticism.
He was known as an orator, the most popular of his time, a time when oratory was
public entertainment. He talked about all issues, but the most popular were
agnosticism, sanctity and refuge of the family. His speeches were in memory of people,
and although sometimes stretched for more than three hours, the audience never
impatient. Ingersoll's speeches advocated freethought and humanism.
Ingersoll was a friend of the poet Walt Whitman, who regarded him as the greatest
orator of his time. Whitman said. "It should not be surprising that I am related to
Ingersoll, because he's Leaves of Grass ... He lives, personifies individuality, I preach I
see in Bob the noblest specimen with pure American essence of this land, extending,
giving, demanding light. "
(4) While attending graduate school in business, the only existing at that time in my
country, it was an established custom work groups. Non belittle my colleagues, I must
say that half of my group had a "talent" for me it was elusive, although I would not
mind having it, "the pocket with many banknotes". And I guess in the other groups the
picture was similar. In this case, diplomas or degrees and common sense have no
correlation or if there is minimal and punctual.
Cited as:
Rivas Rojas, Carlos Alberto (2016, june 06) Common sense and
professionals. Metaphor of pure gold. Recovered from : http://filosofiasxxi.blogspot.pe/2016/06/common-sense-innate-or-learned-quality.html
References
Sentido común http://definicion.de/sentido-comun/ Common sense https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_sense Sentido común https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentido_com%C3%BAn Gold purity and colour guide: what is the difference between 24K, 22K AND 18K GOLD http://www.gold.org/my-gold-guide/why-gold/gold-purity-tips-difference-between-24k-22k-18k-gold Fineness https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fineness#Carat
What is gold karat? http://www.goldpriceoz.com/gold-karat.html Y barra Raúl, Los quilates del oro - Modificación http://www.raulybarra.com/notijoya/biblioteca_archivos_1.1/notijoya_1.1/archivosnotijoya2/2oro_quilates_cambio.htm Ley (pureza) https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_(pureza)
Iván García Cubero ¿Existe realmente el oro puro de 24 quilates?, 14 DIC 2011 http://www.wisphysics.es/2011/12/existe-realmente-el-oro-puro-de-24-quilates Robert G. Ingersoll https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_G._Ingersoll