A Closeup: Dominicans in New York

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    A CLOSE UP:

    DOMINICANS IN NYC

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    By: Sara, Matt, Fernando, Susie, Haemin

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    KEY DEMOGRAPHICS:- Rank # 1 in Top 20 Source Countries of Foreign Born (2000)

    - 369, 186 (Legal Count)

    - 12.9% of New Yorks Foreign Born

    - 50% of Dominicans in U.S. settled in NYC- Largest source group for Latin America

    Comparable Foreign Born Populations:

    China (261,551)

    Jamaica (178,922)

    Guyana (130,647)

    Mexico (122, 550)

    Source: Lobo, Arun Peter, and Joseph J. Salvo. Population Growth and Country of Origin of Immigrants.

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    0

    100,000

    200,000

    300,000

    400,000

    DR CHINA JAMAICA GUYANA MEXICO

    Source: Newest New Yorkers 2000 NYC Population Division.

    Foreign Born Populations Compared to the Dominican Foreign Born Population

    In NYC, 2000

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    DOMINICAN IMMIGRATION

    BYE-BYE

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    - 60% Visa approval rate

    - Plane

    - Overstay their visitors Visa

    - Fraudulent papers

    - Pass Puerto Rican Natives

    - Family Sponsorship

    source: Truly a Global City (Binder, Frederick and Reimers)

    How Dominicans Come to the United States

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    MAIN REASONS FOR DOMINICAN

    IMMIGRATION TO US:

    Political unrest Family reunification Economic unrest

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    - 1950s &60s - Political unrest - Middle class flees

    - 1980s &90s - Economic unrest - skilled andunskilled workers come

    - 2000 to Present: Mostly Family reunification

    Source: Foner, Nancy. New immigrants in New York. (2001).

    Timeline of Reasons for Dominican Emigration

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    - 1870: U.S. develops liking for DR (wants to Annex)- Two countries develop a financial interdependency

    - As a result: Opens doors for U.S. to interfere withDominican Politics

    - Keeps dictators in power

    -Changes in 1960s with assassination of Dominicandictator Rafael Trujillo - immigration begins

    History of Dominican Immigration:

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    - Political Unrest: U.S. develops new Visa program

    - Large Influx:

    - 1950s (990 registered)

    - 1960s (9330 registered)

    - Migration continues to increase during the 70s

    -1980s + 1990s - turmoil hits DR economy

    - Salary differential by 1991 = 13x higher in NY

    - Result: Immigration quadruples

    History Continued:

    Source: Foner, Nancy. New immigrants in New York. (2001).

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    DOMINICAN SETTLEMENT IN NYC IN 2000

    PERSONS

    Born in the Dominican Republic=369,186

    l l

    10,000 or more

    5,000 to 9,999

    3,000 to 4,999

    1,000 to 2,999

    Under 1,000

    Source: Newest New Yorkers 2000 NYC Population Division.

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    Source: Newest New Yorkers

    2000 NYC Population Division.

    34%

    34%

    16%

    16% 1%

    MANHATTAN BRONX QUEENSBROOKLYN STATEN ISLAND

    Foreign Born Dominican Areas of Settlement in NYCas of 2000

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    Manhattan: (UPPER)- Washington Heights

    - Hamilton Heights

    - Inwood

    Queens:

    - Corona

    Brooklyn:

    - Sunset Park

    - Williamsburg

    - Bushwick

    Bronx:

    - University Heights

    - Highbridge

    -Morris HeightsSource: Newest New Yorkers 2000 NYC Population Division.

    Top Dominican Foreign Born areas ofResidence by Borough

    Washington Heights

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    Age and Gender Composition of Dominican

    Immigrants, NYC -2000

    Source: US Census Bureau

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    Dominicans

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    GENDER RATIOS FOR DOMINICANIMMIGRANTS IN NYC- 2000

    - 81.7% of population between 18 and 64

    - Sex Ratio: 80 Males per 100 females

    Comparison to Native New Yorkers:

    - Sex Ratio: 89 Males per 100 females- Male vs. Female - 42.7% to 52.3%

    - Largest age group - 25 to 44 - 26%

    Source: Newest New Yorkers 2000 NYC Population Division.

    Source: US Census Bureau

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    EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

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    EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT FOR DOMINICAN IMMIGRANTS IN NYC

    AS OF 2000

    - Lowest attainment in U.S.

    - 43.8% graduate from high school- 10. 6% have completed college

    COMPARISON: Native born New Yorkers: 78.4% + 21.7% college grads

    - 2nd Generation Dominicans do better (Measured by college graduation rate)

    - 1980 - 31.7%-1990 - 42. 8%

    -2000 - 55.1%

    - Despite this:

    - Largest school enrollment rates of all Hispanic groups in NYC

    - 111,553 Dominicans in public school system

    Source: Newest New Yorkers 2000 NYC Population Division.

    Source: Batiz, Rivera. Dominicans in the United States. Columbia University. (2000).

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    LANGUAGE SPOKEN ATHOME + ENGLISH ABILITY

    Source: Newest New Yorkers 2000 NYC Population Division.

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    % Not English Proficient Dominicans in NYC (2000)

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    INCOME DISTRIBUTION AMONG DOMINICANIMMIGRANTS AND NATIVE BORN NEW YORKERS

    2000:

    Source: Foner, Nancy. New immigrants in New York. (2001) + Batiz, Rivera. Dominicans in the United States. Columbia University. (2000).

    Source: Newest New Yorkers 2000 NYC Population Division. (2001)

    Native Born Dominican

    Average Workers Per House 1 1.1

    Mean Earning for Females16+ $45,960 $21,342

    Mean Household Income $39,900 $25,300

    Mean Earning for Males 16+ $60,754 $25,764

    -High unemployment: 8.9%

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    OCCUPATION DISTRIBUTION OF

    DOMINICAN IMMIGRANTS IN NYC 2000- Workers concentrated in: manufacturing and wholesale/retail- Dominant in NYC Bodegas (delis)

    The Dominican Labor Force:- Mostly young + unskilled- 17.3% of Dominicans in U.S. have managerial, professional and technicaloccupations in comparison to 45.4% of the Native Population- As a result: earnings are substantially lower

    source: Truly a Global City (Binder, Frederick and Reimers,1995)

    Source: Foner, Nancy. New immigrants in New York. (2001) + Batiz, Rivera. Dominicans in the United States. Columbia University. (2000).

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    POVERTY STATUS OF DOMINICAN IMMIGRANTS INNYC

    - Highest immigrant poverty rate: 30.9%

    - Native Born rate is only 21.5%

    High Poverty rate strongly correlated to Female Headed Households

    - In 2000 - 50% of female headed households were living in

    poverty

    Source: Foner, Nancy. New immigrants in New York. (2001) + Batiz, Rivera. Dominicans in the United States. Columbia University. (2000).

    3122

    Native Born

    Dominican Foreign Born

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    RACIAL DIVERSITY OF DOMINICANS IMMIGRANTSIN NYC 2000

    1990 Census revealed:

    - Dominicans view themselves as either mixed race (50%) or black (25%)

    - Many believe white Dominicans have an economic advantage in gaining employment

    In comparison Native New Yorkers are:

    - 51% white- 26.9% black

    - 5% are Asian

    Source: Foner, Nancy. New immigrants in New York. (2001).

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    FAMILY STRUCTURE

    - Average household size = 4- Native New Yorker: 3.33- Female is often head of home

    Source: Foner, Nancy. New immigrants in New York. (2001)+ U.S. Census Bureau

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    HOMEOWNERSHIP OF NATIVE NEW YORKERS AND

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    HOMEOWNERSHIP OF NATIVE NEW YORKERS ANDDOMINICAN IMMIGRANTS IN NYC COMPARED:

    2000

    - 8.5% of Dominican Households are owned

    - 31.6% of Native New Yorkers own homes

    - 38% of homes are overcrowded

    - Renter-occupied housing units - 181, 345

    - Majority RENT!!!Source: US Census Bureau +Newest New Yorkers 2000 NYC Population Division.

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    CITIZENSHIP STATUS OFDOMINICANS IN NYC

    Source: US Census Bureau

    0

    18

    35

    53

    70

    36.4

    63.6

    Citizen Not U.S. Citizen

    Citizenship

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    ROLE OF STATISTICS:

    Statistics reveal:

    Basic demographic characteristics:

    1. where the immigrants have predominantly settled

    2. Population size

    3. Educational attainment

    Statistics cannot reveal:

    - hardship in obtaining a job + the work environment

    - discrimination.

    - Ease of integration

    Another large problem:

    - Dominicans classified themselves as either black or white ethnicity while the rest classified

    themselves as Dominican.