A Checklist for Birds of Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria · 2017. 6. 14. · Dutse Journal of Pure...
Transcript of A Checklist for Birds of Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria · 2017. 6. 14. · Dutse Journal of Pure...
Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) Vol. 3 No. 1 June 2017
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A Checklist for Birds of
Hadejia- Nguru Wetlands, Nigeria
Abubakar Surajo Ringim Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria.
Sulaiman Inuwa Muhammad Department of Biological Sciences,
Federal University Dutse, Nigeria.
Abstract
he Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands is a Ramsar site and an Important Bird Area in the Sahelian part of Nigeria. The habitat types in the wetlands consists of mosaic, permanent water bodies, floodplains, and upland wooded areas that provides important habitats for both resident and
migratory bird species. Using data from the existing studies, we presented for the first time a checklist of the birds inhabiting the wetlands. A total of 191 bird species belonging to 21 orders and 54 families were identified. These include resident species, e.g. Spur-winged Geese (Plectropterus gambensis) and Black heron (Egretta ardesiaca), Intra-African migrant, e.g. Abdim’s stork (Ciconia abdimii) and African openbill stork (Anastomus lamelligerus) and Palearctic visitor, e.g. Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius) and Wood sandpiper (Tringa glareola). Two species categorized as globally threatened species under IUCN Redlist (2017) were also identified, the Vulnerable European turtle dove (Streptopelia turtur) and the Near threatened Pallid harrier (Circus macrourus). The diverse array of bird species in the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands highlights its significance for birds conservation, hence the need for its management and conservation. More studies on bird diversity are recommended to provide a complete checklist of the wetland bird community. Introduction
Nigeria is located in the Gulf of Guinea in Western Africa. It is bordered by Benin in the West, Chad
and Cameroon in the East, while Niger in the North. Nigeria is endowed with coastal and inland
wetlands covering an estimated 3% of the country’s land surface. These include the Matgadru-Kabok
floodplains, Lake Chad, Hadejia-Nguru floodplains, Lekki Peninsula, Sokoto-Rima basin, the Lower
Ogun, Kirikasamma, Kainji Lake, Niger delta floodplains, the Ologe Lagoon, delta of the Cross River
and the Lagos coastal floodplains (Uluocha and Okeke, 2004). Wetlands being a complex ecosystem
are well-known for their bird richness (Abebe and Geheb, 2003). In Nigeria, about 848 bird species
have been documented for the country (Birdlife International, 2013). Of these, 436 species have been
confirmed as breeding residents, 180 resident species believed to breed, 150 being Palearctic visitors,
and 90 species as intra-African migrants, while the remainders have been regarded as vagrants
(Ezealor, 2001).
T
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Within the country, lies the first Ramsar site and an Important Bird Area (IBA), the Hadejia-Nguru
Wetlands - HNWs (Birdlife International, 2017). This wetland is considered as one of the most
important ornithological site in Nigeria, and West Africa by serving as home to both residents and
migratory bird species (Birdlife International, 2013). The wetland provides valuable good and
services to the indigenous communities living in the wetlands. These include the provision of fuel
wood, grazing grounds, fishing, farming, and source of food from the different plant species (Barbier
et al., 1997). The wetland produce about 6% of Nigeria’s inland fish catch with the output
approximately US$300, 000 per annum (Birdlife International, 2010).
In recent decades, extensive birds studies have been conducted in the wetlands (e.g. Garba-Boyi et al.,
1993; Polet, 1995; Ezealor et al., 1996; Ezealor and Giles, 1997; Akinsola et al., 2000; Oduntan et al., 2010;
Lameed, 2011; Sulaiman, 2010; Ringim, 2016). Despite these studies, and the significant importance
of the HNWs, checklist of the birds inhabiting the wetlands is lacking. With the help of the existing
studies (i.e. Sulaiman, 2010; Lameed, 2011; Ringim, 2016), the checklist of the birds in association with
the wetlands is presented for the first time.
Materials and methods
The HNWs is an extensive floodplain located in northeast, Nigeria (Figure 1). The wetland lies
between Latitude 12°15' N and 13°00N and longitudes 10°00' E and 11°00' E). The wetlands cover an
area of about 3500, 000 hectares, an altitude of 152- 305 m above sea level, and depth of about 1.5-7 m
(Abubakar and Abubakar, 2013; Birdlife International, 2015). Hausa, Kanuri and Fulani are the
dominant tribes in the wetlands. The wetland forms an essential part of the communities well-being
and livelihood through activities, such as agriculture, fishing, grazing, and exploitation of wetland
resources, e.g. fire wood, wild fruits, and honey (Barbier et al., 1997; Ogunkoya and Dami, 2007). In
terms of fisheries resources, the HNWs serve as a major source of fish, supplying approximately 6%
of Nigeria’s inland fish worth US$300 000 per annum (Birdlife International, 2010).
Figure 1: Location of the Hadejia-Nguru Wetlands (Source: Eaton & Sarch, 1997)
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Methods
The methods used in compiling the present checklist of the HNW’s bird community includes the
findings of Lameed (2011), Sulaiman (2010), and Ringim (2016). Lameed (2011) used line transect in
three wetland sites (Gastu, Maram and Oxbow Lake) in wet and dry season. Sulaiman (2010) sampled
bird species using point count method within 32 wetland sites in the HNWs. Ringim (2016) surveyed
bird species within 14 wetland sites on 99 point count stations in the HNWs.
Data analyses
Categorization of bird species, that is, resident, intra-African migrant or Palearctic visitor followed
Borrow and Demey (2014). The conservation statuses of the threatened bird species were based on
International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List of Threatened Species (2017). With the
help of field assistants, the vernacular (Hausa) names of some bird species are provided.
Results and discussion
A total of 191 bird species belonging to 21 orders and 54 families were identified in association with
the wetlands (Table 1). Families with the highest species were Accipitridae (15 species), Ardeidae (11
species), and Columbidae (11 species), while those with the lowest species were Jacanidae and
Pteroclidae (2 species each), Phalacrocoracidae and Timalidae (1 species each). Two species of global
conservation concern (IUCN RedList 2017) were also recorded, the Vulnerable European turtle dove
(Streptopelia turtur) and the Near Threatened Pallid harrier (Circus macrourus). Summary of the
categories of bird species in the wetland is presented in Figure 2.
Table 1: A checklist of bird species recorded from HNWs
Family Bird name Vernacular (Hausa)
name
Bird status
Accipitridae African Harrier Hawk
Polyboroides typus
Bura kogo/Hura
kogo
Resident
African Marsh Harrier
Circus ranivoros
Shirwa Resident
African Swallow-tailed Kite
Chelictinia riocourii
Intra-African migrant
Black Kite
Milvus migrans
Bakin shaho Palearctic visitor
Black Shouldered Kite
Elanus axillaris
Resident
Dark Chanting Goshawk
Melierax metabates
Farin komo Resident
Gabar Goshawk
Micronisus gabar
Resident
Grasshopper Buzzard
Butastur rufipennis
Resident
Lizard Buzzard
Kaupifalco monogrammicus
Ci ƙadangaru Resident
Montagu's Harrier
Circus pygargus
Farin shaho Palearctic visitor
Ovambo Sparrow Hawk Resident
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Accipiter ovampensis
Pallid Harrier
Circus macrourus
Palearctic visitor
Shikra
Accipeter badius
Kusarkama Intra-African migrant
Western Marsh Harrier
Circus aeruginosus
Palearctic visitor
Yellow-billed Kite
Milvus migrans parasitus
Intra-African migrant
Alcedinidae African Pygmy Kingfisher
Ispidina picta
Intra-African migrant
Grey-headed Kingfisher
Halcyon leucocephala
Intra-African migrant
Malachite Kingfisher
Corythornis cristatus
Tsintara/Tsinyar
malam
Resident
Pied kingfisher
Ceryle rudis
Dan kwalam Resident
Anatidae African Pygmy goose
Nettapus auritus
Resident
Fulvous Whistling Duck
Dendrocygna bicolor
Kici Resident
Garganey
Spatula querquedula
Kakira Palearctic visitor
Knob-billed Duck
Sarkidiornis melanotos
Kwarwa Intra-African migrant
Northern Shoveler
Spatula clypeata
Palearctic visitor
Spur-winged Goose
Plectropterus gambensis
Dinya Resident
White-faced Whistling Duck
Dendrocygna viduata
Ƙirinjijiya Resident
Apodidae African Palm Swift
Cypsiurus parvus
Tsatstseewala Resident
Common Swift
Apus apus
Palearctic visitor
Little Swift
Apus affinis
Resident
Ardeidae Black Heron
Egretta ardesiaca
Resident
Black-headed Heron
Ardea melanocephala
Baƙin zalbe Resident
Cattle Egret
Bubulcus ibis
Balbela Resident
Great Egret
Ardea alba
Farin Zalbe Resident
Green-backed Heron
Butorides striata
Resident
Grey Heron
Ardea cinerea
Palearctic visitor
Intermediate Egret Resident
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Ardea intermedia
Little Bittern
Ixobrychus minutus
Palearctic visitor
Little Egret
Egretta garzetta
Intra-African migrant
Purple Heron
Aredea purperea
Jan zalbe Palearctic visitor
Squacco Heron
Ardea rolloides
Makwabo Palearctic visitor
Bucerotidae African Grey Hornbill
Lopoceros nasutus
Cilakowa, Gaula Intra-African migrant
Northern Red-billed Hornbill
Tockus erythrorhynchus
Kokaci, Kumare Resident
Caprimulgidae Standard-winged Nightjar
Caprimulgus longipennis
Intra-African migrant
Charadriidae Black-headed Lapwing
Vanellus tectus
Zakaran ƙeƙuwa Resident
Spur-winged Lapwing
Vanellus spinosus
Resident
Kittlitz's Plover
Charadrius pecuarius
Palearctic visitor
White-fronted Plover
Charadrius marginatus
Resident
Ciconiidae Abdim's Stork
Ciconia abdimii
Shamuwa Intra-African migrant
African Openbill Stork
Anastomus lamelligerus
Ci ma kankare Intra-African migrant
Black Stork
Ciconia nigra
Palearctic visitor
Marabou Stork
Leptoptilos crumenifer
Babba da jaka Resident
White Stork
Ciconia ciconia
Galantoyi Palearctic visitor
Coliidae Blue-naped Mousebird
Urocolius macrourus
Kileoandamma Resident
Columbidae African Collared Dove
Streptopelia roseogrisea
Resident
African Mourning Dove
Streptopelia decipiens
Mai zobe Resident
Black-billed wood Dove
Turtur abyssinicus
Resident
Blue-spotted Wood Dove
Turtur afer
Resident
European Turtle Dove
Streptopelia turtur
Palearctic visitor
Laughing Dove
Streptopelia senegalensis
Kurciya Resident
Namaqua Dove
Oena capensis
Kafirdo/Bardo
sarkin hakuri
Resident
Red-eyed Dove Resident
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Streptopelia semitorquata
Speckled Pigeon
Columba guinea
Hasbiya Resident
Tambourine Dove
Turtur tympanistria
Resident
Vinaceous Dove
Streptopelia vinacea
Farar waalaa Resident
Coraciidae Abyssinian Roller
Coracias abyssinicus
Tsanwaka Resident
Cuculidae Great Spotted Cuckoo
Clamator glandarius
Sura Palearctic visitor
Senegal Coucal
Centropus senegalensis
Ragon maza Resident
Falconidae Common Kestrel
Falco tinnunculus
Karamatta Palearctic visitor
Grey Kestrel
Falco ardosiaceus
Surau Resident
Lanner Falcon
Falco biarmicus
Resident
Red-necked Falcon
Falco ruficollis
Resident
Glareolidae Black-winged Pratincole
Glareola nirdmanni
Palearctic visitor
Collared Praticole
Glareola pratincola
Resident
Jacanidae African Jacana
Actophilornis africanus
Resident
Lesser Jacana
Microparra capensis
Resident
Laridae Common Tern
Sterna hirundo
Palearctic visitor
Grey-headed Gull
Larus cirrocephalus
Palearctic visitor
Gull-billed Tern
Gelochelidon nilotica
Palearctic visitor
Whiskered tern
Chilidonias hybrida
Palearctic visitor
Lybiidae Bearded Barbet
Pogoniulus dubius
Dodon duhuwa Resident
Vieillot's Barbet
Lybius vieilloti
Resident
Yellow-fronted Tinkerbird
Pogoniulus chrysoconus
Resident
Meropidae Little Bee-eater
Merops pusillus
Resident
Little Green Bee-eater
Merops orientalis
Resident
Northern Carmine Bee-eater
Merops nubicus
Intra-African migrant
White-throated Bee-eater Intra-African migrant
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Merops albicollis
Musophagidae Western Grey Plantain-eater
Crinifer piscator
Kulkulu Resident
Numididae Helmeted Guinefowl
Numida meleagris
Zabuwa Resident
Odontophoridae Stone Patridge
Ptilopachus petrosus
Resident
Pandionidae Osprey
Pandion halieatus
Palearctic visitor
Phalacrocoracidae Long-tailed Cormorant
Microcarbus africanus
Caaga Resident
Phasianidae Clapperton's Francolin
Pternistis clappertoni
Resident
Double-spurred Francolin
Pternistis petrosus
Fakara Resident
Picidae Grey Woodpecker
Mesopicos goertae
Maƙwaƙƙwafi Resident
Psittacidae Red-headed Lovebird
Agapornis pullarius
Resident
Senegal Parrot
Poicephalus senegalus
Tsirwa Resident
Rose-ringed Parakeet
Psittacula krameri
Kaloo Resident
Pteroclidae Chestnut-bellied Sandgrouse
Pterocles exustus
Intra-African migrant
Four-banded Sandgrouse
Pterocles quadricinctus
Burkulli Intra-African migrant
Rallidae Allen's Gallinule
Porphyrio alleni
Intra-African migrant
Black Crake
Zapornia flavirostra
Babura Resident
Common Moorhen
Gallinula chloropus
Palearctic visitor
Lesser Moorhen
Gallinula angulata
Intra-African migrant
Purple Swamphen
Porphyrio porphyrio
Gwandara Resident
Recurvirostridae Black-winged Stilt
Himantopus himantopus
Resident
Rostratulidae Greater Painted-snipe
Rostratula benghalensis
Resident
Scolopacidae Common Sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucos
Palearctic visitor
Common Greenshank
Tringa nebularia
Palearctic visitor
Common Sandpiper
Actitis hypoleucos
Palearctic visitor
Common Snipe
Gallinago gallinago
Palearctic visitor
Green Sandpiper Palearctic visitor
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Tringa ochropus
Little Stint
Calidris minuta
Palearctic visitor
Marsh sandpiper
Tringa stagnatilis
Palearctic visitor
Ruff
Philomachus pugnax
Palearctic visitor
Spotted Redshank
Tringa erythropus
Palearctic visitor
Wood Sandpiper
Tringa glareola
Palearctic visitor
Scopidae Hamerkop
Scopus umbretta
Resident
Threskiornithidae Glossy Ibis
Plegadis falcinellus
Palearctic visitor
African Sacred Ibis
Threskiornis aethiopicus
Resident
Upupidae Green wood-hoopoe
Phoeniculus purpureus
Jabar kogo Palearctic visitor
Hoopoe
Upupa epops
Alhudahuda/Ka
huhu
Palearctic visitor
Acrocephalidae Western Olivaceous Warbler
Iduna opaca
Palearctic visitor
Alaudidae Black-crowned Sparrow Lark
Eremopterix nigriceps
Takatoyi Resident
Chestnut-backed Sparrow Lark
Eremopterix leucotis
Intra-African migrant
Crested Lark
Galerida cristata
Maala Resident
Sun Lark
Galerida modesta
Resident
Cisticolidae Grey-backed Camaroptera
Camaroptera brachyura
Resident
Singing Cisticola
Cisticola cantans
Resident
Tawny-flanked Prinia
Prinia subflava
Resident
Winding Cisticola
Cisticola juncidis
Resident
Zitting Cisticola
Cisticola fasciata
Resident
Corvidae Piapiac
Ptilostomus afer
Carkin giwa Resident
Pied Crow
Corvus albus
Hankaka Resident
Estrildidae African Silverbill
Lonchura cantas
Taru mu kwana Resident
Black rumped waxbill
Estrilda troglodytes
Resident
Cut-throat Finch Resident
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Amadina fasciata
Green-winged Pytilia
Pytilia melba
Resident
Red-billed Firefinch
Lagonosticta senegala
Baa’u /Benu Resident
Red-cheeked Cordon-bleu
Uraeginthus bengalus
Asisi Resident
Fringillidae White-rumped Seedeater
Crithagra leucopygia
Farari daka Resident
Hirundinidae Common Sand Martin
Riparia riparia
Palearctic visitor
Ethiopian Swallow
Hirundo aethiopica
Intra-African migrant
Lesser Striped Swallow
Cecropis abyssinica
Intra-African migrant
Mosque Swallow
Cecropis senegalensis
Alallaka Resident
Plain Martin
Riparia paludicola
Resident
West African Swallow
Ceropis domicella
Intra-African migrant
Laniidae Southern Grey Shrike
Lanius meridionalis
Resident
Woodchat Shrike
Lanius senator
Palearctic visitor
Yellow-billed Shrike
Corvinella corvina
Resident
Malaconotidae Black-crowned Tchagra
Tchagra senegalus
Resident
Yellow-crowned Gonolek
Laniarius barbarus
Resident
Motacillidae Yellow Wagtail
Motacilla flava
Hana noma Palearctic visitor
Muscicapidae Black Scrub Robin
Cercotrichas podobe
Resident
Northern Anteater-chat
Myrmecocichla nigra
Feri Resident
Northern Wheatear
Oenanthe oenanthe
Palearctic visitor
Nectariniidae Beautiful Sunbird
Nectarinia pulchella
Janjau/Sha
huda/Sha furai
Intra-African migrant
Pygmy Sunbird
Anthodiaeta platura
Resident
Passeridae Bush Petronia
Petronia dentata
Resident
Chestnut-crowned Sparrow-weaver
Plocepasser superciliosus
Resident
Northern Grey-headed Sparrow
Passer griseus
Magwara/Gwara Resident
Speckle-fronted Weaver Resident
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Sporopipes frontalis
Sudan Golden Sparrow
Passer luteus
Bankwalo Intra-African migrant
Ploceidae Black-headed Weaver
Ploceus melanocephalus
Resident
Little Weaver
Ploceus luteolus
Kabarai Resident
Northern Red Bishop
Euplectes franciscanus
Janja luguda/Dogari Resident
Red-billed Quelea
Quelea quelea
Janbai Intra-African migrant
Red-headed Quelea
Quelea erythrops
Janbai Intra-African migrant
Village Weaver
Ploceus intermedius
Kabaréé Resident
Vitellin Masked Weaver
Ploceus intermedius
Resident
White-billed Buffalo Weaver
Bubalornis albirostris
Cakwai-kwaiwa Resident
Yellow-crowned Bishop
Euplectes afer
Resident
Pycnonotidae Common Bulbul
Pycnonotus barbatus
Koji Resident
Sturnidae Chestnut-bellied Starling
Lamprotornis pulcher
Shaya mai jan kirji Resident
Great Blue-eared Starling
Lamprotornis chalybaeus
Shaaya Resident
Long-tailed Glossy Starling
Lamprotornis caudatus
Ƙila-Ƙilai Resident
Purple Glossy Starling
Lamprotornis purpureus
Resident
Yellow-billed Oxpecker
Buphagus africanus
Carki Resident
Sylviidae African Reed Warbler
Acrocephalus baeticus
Intra-African migrant
Common Whitethroat
Sylvia communis
Palearctic visitor
European Reed Warbler
Acrocephalus scirpaceus
Palearctic visitor
Greater Swamp Warbler
Acrocepahlus rufescens
Resident
Lesser Swamp Warbler
Acrocepahlus gracilirostris
Resident
Lesser Whitethroat
Sylvia currura
Palearctic visitor
Melodious Warbler
Hippolais polyglotta
Palearctic visitor
Northern Crombec
Sylvietta brachyura
Resident
Sedge Warbler Palearctic visitor
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Acrocephalus schoenobaenus
Willow Warbler
Phylloscopus trochilus
Palearctic visitor
Timalidae Brown Babbler
Turdoides plebejus
Kaca-kaca Resident
Viduidae Pin-tailed whydah
Vidua macroura
Resident
Sahel Paradise Whydah
Vidua orientalis
Zallaidu Resident
Village Indigobird
Vidua chalybaeta
Ɗan baƙi Resident
Figure 2: Number and categories of bird species recorded in HNWs
The 191 bird species recorded in HNWs highlights it’s ornithological importance by serving as habitat
and roosting sites for a good number of residents, intra-African migrant, and Palearctic visitor bird
species. Efforts to conserve birds in the wetland dated back to 1987 when the Hadejia-Nguru
Wetlands Conservation (HNWCP) was founded by the World Conservation Union (now
International Union for Conservation of Nature). Since then, several projects, such as the UNEP/GEF
Wings Over Wetlands (WOW) and Birdlife International projects, such as Living on the Edge projects
(LoTE) tried to safeguard the wetlands and its bird species. Many parts of the HNWs have now been
converted into farmlands, in addition to the invasion of Typha domingensis which has led to a
reduction of a large portion of the wetlands, resulting to loss of wintering and roosting sites for birds.
On the other hand, negative human activities such as poaching of birds, particularly large water birds
(e.g. ducks and geese) around the wetlands poses a great threat to the wetland ecology and birds. The
HNWs, a Ramsar site and an IBA holds an avenue for bird watching and other recreational activities
which have shown to aid in wildlife conservation “ecotourism” (Isaacs, 2000). Ecotourism when
successfully conducted will serve as alternative form of economic development such as hunting,
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Intra-African
migrant
Palearctic
visitor
Resident
27
47
117
No.
of
bir
d s
pec
ies
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logging, mining, or agriculture, because it has the potential to protect the wetland natural areas and
benefit local people (Magige, 2010). Although the wetlands are under high human pressures, they
also hold a great opportunities for educational and scientific research studies. These activities (e.g.
increase agricultural activities) may negatively influence the bird community, especially the intra-
African migrants and palearctic visitors. These depend on the wetlands during the northern winter
and other passage migrants that rest and refuel during the annual cycle.
Conclusion and recommendations
The HNWs harbour many bird species, including globally threatened species. However, in order to
maintain the bird community and other biodiversity of the HNWs, the management need to increase
conservation measures that will ensure the protection of the wetlands. Public awareness on the wise
use of the wetlands as suggested by Ramsar Convention should strongly be encouraged. More studies
on bird diversity are needed to provide a complete checklist on the wetlands bird community.
Dutse Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences (DUJOPAS) Vol. 3 No. 1 June 2017
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