A Case Study on Developing Automotive Part(Housing) by ...

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J. Soc. Korea Ind. Syst. Eng Vol. 38, No. 1 : 44-51, March 2015 ISSN : 2005-0461(print) http://dx.doi.org/10.11627/jkise.2014.38.1.44 ISSN : 2287-7975(online) A Case Study on Developing Automotive Part(Housing) by Filling and Solidification Analysis Byoung-Guk Jeong*โ€คHong-Kyu Kwon** โ€  *Dept. of Visual Information Design, Namseoul University **Dept. of Industrial and Management Engineering, Namseoul University ์œ ๋™ ๋ฐ ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ(ํ•˜์šฐ์ง•)๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ •๋ณ‘๊ตญ*โ€ค๊ถŒํ™๊ทœ** โ€  *๋‚จ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‹œ๊ฐ์ •๋ณด๋””์ž์ธํ•™๊ณผ **๋‚จ์„œ์šธ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฐ์—…๊ฒฝ์˜๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ When manufacturing die casting mold, generally, the casting layout design should be considered based on the relations of injection system, casting condition, gate system, and cooling system. According to the various relations of the conditions, the location of product defects was differentiated. High-qualified products can be manufactured as those defects are controlled by the proper modifications of die casting mold with keeping the same conditions. In this research, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed with the several layout designs in order to optimize the casting layout design of an automotive part (Housing). In order to apply them into the production die-casting mold, the simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully. With the filling process, internal porosities caused by air entrapments were predicted and also compared with the mod- ification of the gate system and overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities occurring during the solidification process were predicted and also compared with the modified gate system. The simulation results were also applied into the production die-casting mold in order to compare the results and verify them with the real casting samples. Keywords๏ผšDie-Casting, Gate System, CAE simulation, Vacuum Block 1. ์„œ ๋ก  1) ๋‹ค์ด์บ์ŠคํŒ… ๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์—์„œ ๊ฐ€ ์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ์— ์ œ์กฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ์ฃผ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ ํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ „์ž๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†’์€ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์ƒ Received 3 November 2014; Finally Revised 27 November 2014; Accepted 27 November 2014 โ€ Corresponding Author : [email protected] ์‚ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์ €์›๊ฐ€, ๋‹จ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ตœ์ ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ๊ด‘๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค[1]. ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ธ€๋กœ๋ฒŒํ™”๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์กฐ์—… ๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•, ์ œ์กฐ์›๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธํ•˜ ๋ฐ ๊ณ  ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[2, 3]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์ด์บ ์ŠคํŒ… ์ฃผ์กฐ๋Š” ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ๊ณ ์˜จํ™”, ๊ธˆํ˜•ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์••ํ™”, ์ œ ํ’ˆํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ™” ๋ฐ ์ •๋ฐ€ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐœ์ „๋œ ๊ธˆ ํ˜•์ œ์ž‘๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์—…ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” CAE ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‹ค์ด์บ์ŠคํŒ… ์˜์—ญ์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ํญ๋„“

Transcript of A Case Study on Developing Automotive Part(Housing) by ...

J. Soc. Korea Ind. Syst. Eng Vol. 38, No. 1 : 44-51, March 2015 ISSN : 2005-0461(print)http://dx.doi.org/10.11627/jkise.2014.38.1.44 ISSN : 2287-7975(online)

A Case Study on Developing Automotive Part(Housing) by Filling and Solidification Analysis

Byoung-Guk Jeong*โ€คHong-Kyu Kwon**โ€ 

*Dept. of Visual Information Design, Namseoul University**Dept. of Industrial and Management Engineering, Namseoul University

์œ ๋™ ๋ฐ ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์šฉ

๋ถ€ํ’ˆ(ํ•˜์šฐ์ง•)๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—ฐ๊ตฌ

์ •๋ณ‘๊ตญ*โ€ค๊ถŒํ™๊ทœ**โ€ 

*๋‚จ์„œ์šธ ํ•™๊ต ์‹œ๊ฐ์ •๋ณด๋””์ž์ธํ•™๊ณผ

**๋‚จ์„œ์šธ ํ•™๊ต ์‚ฐ์—…๊ฒฝ ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ

When manufacturing die casting mold, generally, the casting layout design should be considered based on the relations of injection system, casting condition, gate system, and cooling system. According to the various relations of the conditions, the location of product defects was differentiated. High-qualified products can be manufactured as those defects are controlled by the proper modifications of die casting mold with keeping the same conditions. In this research, Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) simulation was performed with the several layout designs in order to optimize the casting layout design of an automotive part (Housing). In order to apply them into the production die-casting mold, the simulation results were analyzed and compared carefully. With the filling process, internal porosities caused by air entrapments were predicted and also compared with the mod-ification of the gate system and overflow. With the solidification analysis, internal porosities occurring during the solidification process were predicted and also compared with the modified gate system. The simulation results were also applied into the production die-casting mold in order to compare the results and verify them with the real casting samples.

Keywords๏ผšDie-Casting, Gate System, CAE simulation, Vacuum Block

1. ์„œ ๋ก 1)

๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ๊ณต๋ฒ•์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ œ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€

์žฅ ์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ์„œ, ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ์— ์ œ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ธ ์ฃผ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋†’์€ ์น˜์ˆ˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋Ÿ‰์ƒ

Received 3 November 2014; Finally Revised 27 November 2014; Accepted 27 November 2014โ€ Corresponding Author : [email protected]

์‚ฐ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ, ์›๊ฐ€, ๋‹จ๋‚ฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—…๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์žˆ์–ด ์ตœ ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”

์ถ”์„ธ์ด๋‹ค[1]. ํ•œ ๋กœ๋ฒŒํ™”๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์กฐ์—…

๊ณ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•, ์ œ์กฐ์›๊ฐ€์˜ ์ธํ•˜ ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ ๋“ฑ์„ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[2, 3]. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ์ฃผ์กฐ๋Š” ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ๊ณ ์˜จํ™”, ํ˜•ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณ ์••ํ™”, ์ œํ’ˆํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ™” ์ • ํ™” ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋ฐœ ๋œ

ํ˜•์ œ์ž‘๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค.์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฐ์—… ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ฆฌ

์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” CAE ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ๊นŒ์ง€ ํญ๋„“

A Case Study on Developing Automotive Part(Housing) by Filling and Solidification Analysis 45

<Figure 1> Porosity Requirements on the Machined Surfaces and Internal Areas

๊ฒŒ ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ํ˜•์„ ์ œ์ž‘

ํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ํ˜•์˜ ์ด์•„์›ƒ, ์••์ถœ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ณ„, ์ฃผ์กฐ์กฐ๊ฑด, ํƒ•๊ตฌ๊ณ„์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„, ํ˜•์˜ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ

์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ

์กฐ์„ฑํ˜•์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ๊ฒฐํ•จ์˜ ์ •๋„๋‚˜ ์น˜๊ฐ€

๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค[4]. ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์„ ํžˆ ์ˆ˜์ • ๋Š” ๋ณ€๊ฒฝํ•˜

์—ฌ ์ฃผ์กฐ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ œ์–ดํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค

๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ ์ œ์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” CAE ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ ์œผ๋กœ

์ฃผ์กฐ ํ˜•์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋•Œ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค ๊ณผ

์ •์„ ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๋žตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋น„

์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋‹จ์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ณ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค[4, 5]. ๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ(ํ•˜์šฐ์ง•)์€ ์ž๋™

์ฐจ์˜ ์กฐํ–ฅ์žฅ์น˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋˜๊ณ , ์ž๋™์ฐจ ํ•ธ๋“ค์˜ ์›ํ™œํ•œ ์ž‘๋™์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ด ์กฐํ–ฅ์ถ•์ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€

ํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ์ฃผ์กฐ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ํ’ˆ์งˆ์˜ ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ๋™ํ•ด์„ ์†Œ ํŠธ์›จ์–ด(์• ๋‹ˆ์บ์Šค )์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ ์‘๊ณ ๊ณผ

์ • ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐํ•จ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์ œ์–ด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฐ•๊ตฌ

ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ํ˜•์— ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ๊ณผ

์‘๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ ์ด์…˜ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ต ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ ์˜ ์ฃผ

์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•œ๋‹ค.

2. ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋ชฉํ‘œ

์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ํ•˜์šฐ์ง•์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์˜ ์กฐํ–ฅ์žฅ์น˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€์—์„œ ์กฐํ–ฅ์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐํ–ฅ์žฅ์น˜์˜

๋‚ด๋ถ€๋Š” ์œ ์•• ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ๊ณ„์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ฃผ์กฐ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ตœ ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ด

์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด๋‹ค. ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์‹œ์ œํ’ˆ์€ ์ƒ์šฉ์ƒ์‚ฐ๋ผ์ธ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค๊ณผ ์กฐ๋ฆฝ์„ฑ ์‹ ๋ขฐ์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‚ฌ

์šฉ๋œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์‹œ์ž‘ ํ˜• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ํš๋“ํ•œ ์ตœ ์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ

์•ˆ์„ ์ฐจํ›„ ์–‘์‚ฐ ํ˜• ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ถ€์ˆ˜ ์ธ ๋ชฉ

์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค.<Table 1>์€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€ ๋ณ„ ํ—ˆ์šฉ์น˜ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด

๋ฉฐ, ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋ถ€ ๋ณ„ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ˆ˜๋Š” <Figure 1>์— ๋ณด์ธ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋„์‹ํ™”ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜ ๋‹ค. <Table 2>๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ธฐํฌ ์ˆ˜

์— ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด Pk2๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐํฌ์ง€๋ฆ„

์ด 0.4mm ์ดํ•˜์ด๊ณ  ๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์€ 8mm ์ด์ƒ์ด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ 1mm ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ธฐํฌ(์ง€๋ฆ„ 0.2mm ์ดํ•˜)๊ฐ€ 3๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.

<Table 1> Functional Specification of Porosity

Location Areas Porosity Class

1 Bearing Support Areas Pk.4

2 Sealing Surfaces Pk.4

4 Worm Bore Inside Surface Pk.5

5 Mounting Surface Pk.4

<Table 2> Porosity Class Applicable on Versus Areas

No. PARAMETERS Pk.2 Pk.3 Pk.4 Pk.5

1 Maximum diameter of pores(mm) 0.4 0.7 1.0 2.0

2 Minimum distance between two pores(mm) 8 15 30 30

3 Are not considered pores with diameter less or equal to(mm) 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

4

If there is only one group of three pores, in exception of No. 2, the minimum distance between the pores should be(mm)

1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0

4.1If there is only one pore, in exception of No. 1, the maximum diameter of it should be(mm)

0.6 1.0 1.5 2.5

Byoung-Guk Jeongโ€คHong-Kyu Kwon46

3. ํ•ด์„๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

3.1 ์ „์‚ฐํ•ด์„ ๊ณผ์ •

(์ฃผ)์• ๋‹ˆ์บ์Šค ์—์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐ ์šฉ ์†Œ ํŠธ์›จ์–ด(์• ๋‹ˆ์บ์Šค ๋ฒ„ 6.0)์€ FDM(Finite Difference Method) ๋ฐฉ์‹์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ž์˜ ๋‹จ ์„ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ PM(Porous Media) ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊ณผ Cut-Cell ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ํ˜ผํ•ฉํ•œ Hybrid ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์˜ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ๋‹ค [6, 7]. ์ฃผ์กฐ ์šฉ ์ƒ์šฉ์ฝ”๋“œ์˜ ์ถฉ ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜

๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„๊ณผ ์—ด ๋‹ฌ ์ƒ์„ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰, ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์— ์ง€๋ณด์กด ๋ฒ•์น™์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๋ช…๋œ๋‹ค. ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ์œ ๋™์„ 3์ฐจ์› ๋น„์••์ถ•์„ฑ ๋น„์ •์ƒ์˜ ๋‰ดํ„ดํ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„์ฃผํ•˜๋‹ค. ์œ ์ฒด์˜ ์œ ๋™ ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฐฉ์ •์‹์€ ์—ฐ์†๋ฐฉ์ •์‹, ์šด๋™๋Ÿ‰๋ฐฉ์ •์‹(Navier-stokes Eq.), ์— ์ง€

๋ฐฉ์ •์‹, Volume of Fluid, ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค[8]. ์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋™ํ•ด์„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ ์ด์…˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜ ์ธ ํ•ด์„๊ณผ

์ •์€ <Figure 2>์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ณผ์ •, ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •, ๊ฒฉ์ž์ƒ์„ฑ, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ ์ด์…˜, ํ›„์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ์• ๋‹ˆ์บ์Šค ๋Š” ์ƒ์„ฑ๋œ ํ˜•์ƒ ๋ชจ๋ธ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ•ด์„ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ๊ณผ

๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ • ์— STL ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ฐœ์ฒด์ƒ์„ฑ, ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ค์ •, ์‹œ๋ฎฌ ์ด์…˜์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค.

<Figure 2> Flow-Chart of the Die Casting Simulation

๋ณธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์šฉ๋œ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ(ํ•˜์šฐ์ง•)์€ 3D CAD ์†Œ ํŠธ์›จ์–ด(Unigraphics NX6)๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ 3D ์†”๋ฆฌ๋“œ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์„ ํ•œ ํ›„์— <Figure 2>์—์„œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด 3D CAD ์†Œ ํŠธ์›จ์–ด

(Magics RP)์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ STL ์ผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ

๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋œ STL ์ผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋ฌผ, ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ๋กœ์šฐ

(Overflow), ํƒ•๊ตฌ(Biscuit), ํƒ•๋„(Runner), ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ(Gate), ์ฃผํ˜• ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ทธ๋ฃน์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฉ์ž์ƒ์„ฑ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋น„๋“ฑ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ ์š”์†Œ๋ถ„ํ• ์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ 10,600,000๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. <Figure 3>์€ ์œ ๋™ํ•ด์„ ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.

<Figure 3> Casting Model of Housing : (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2;

(C) Case 3

3.2 ํ•ด์„์กฐ๊ฑด

์ฃผ์กฐํ•ด์„์— ์šฉ๋œ ์ฃผ๋ฌผ์žฌ์งˆ์€ ADC12(AlSi9Cu3)์ด๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐํ•ด์„์— ์šฉ๋œ ํ•ด์„์กฐ๊ฑด์€ <Table 3>์— ํ‘œ์‹œํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. ํ˜•์žฌ์งˆ์€ SKD61์ข…์ด๋ฉฐ, ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ๊ธฐ์˜จ๋„

๋Š” 6,400c, ํ˜• ๊ธฐ ์—ด์˜จ๋„๋Š” 2000c, ์ฃผ์กฐ ํ˜•์˜จ๋„๋Š” 2,800c๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ๋จธ์‹ ์€ ํ˜•์ฒด๋ ฅ 150ton์ธ cold chamber type์œผ๋กœ ๋Ÿฐ ์˜ ์ง€๋ฆ„์€ 70mm์ด๊ณ , ์†์‚ฌ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” 0.4m/s, ๊ณ ์†์‚ฌ์ถœ์†๋„๋Š” 1.6m/s์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์ถœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ„์„ 2๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์ถœ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜ ๋‹ค.

<Table 3> Conditions for CAE Simulation

Part

Material ADC12

Liquidus Line 580โ„ƒ

Solidus Line 515โ„ƒ

Initial Temperature 640โ„ƒ

Weight for casting 820g

MoldMaterial SKD61

Initial Temperature 200โ„ƒ

Plunger

Diameter 70mm

Slow Velocity 0.40m/s

High Velocity 1.60m/s

3.3 ํ•ด์„๋‚ด์šฉ

<Figure 3>๋Š” ๋ณธ ํ•ด์„์— ์šฉ๋œ 3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์˜ 3D CAD ๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 1์€ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ(Principal Gate)๊ฐ€ ์นญํ˜•์ƒ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๊ณ , ์šฉํƒ•์ด ํ˜•๊ณต๋™(Mold Cavity) ์•™์— ์ง‘ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์–‘๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์—์„œ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ

A Case Study on Developing Automotive Part(Housing) by Filling and Solidification Analysis 47

ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 2์™€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 3์€ ์ฃผ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์™€ ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ป—์–ด ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ(Branch Gate)๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜•์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด

๋‹ค. ํŠนํžˆ, ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์‹ฌ๋ถ€์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐํฌ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์•™๊ตฌ๋ฉ์— ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐฉ

์•ˆ 2์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 2์™€ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 3์˜ ์ฐจ์ด ์€ <Figure 4>์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์— ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 2๋Š” ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์ œํ’ˆํ˜•์ƒ์˜ ํ•˜๋ถ€๋กœ ์ถฉ์ง„์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 3์€ ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์ด ์ œํ’ˆํ˜•์ƒ์— ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ์ถฉ์ง„์„ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

<Figure 4> Section View of the Gate : (A) Case 2; (B) Case 3

ํƒ•๋„๊ณ„(Gate System)๋Š” ํƒ•๋„, ํƒ•๊ตฌ, ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ

๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ํƒ•๋„๊ณ„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋Š” ์šฉํƒ•์„ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต๋™๋ถ€์— ์›ํ™œํžˆ ์ถฉ์ง„์‹œ์ผœ ์™„ ํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ค๊ณ„

์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐ์ƒ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์ฃผ์กฐ์ œ

ํ’ˆ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์š”ํ•œ ์š”์†Œ ์˜ ํ•˜

๋‚˜์ด๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํƒ•๋„๊ณ„ ์„ค๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’

์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํญ ์ธ ํ˜•์ˆ˜์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ๋Š”

ํ˜•์„ ์žฌ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•ผ๊ธฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค[9].

3.3.1 ์œ ๋™ํ•ด์„

์ผ๋ฐ˜ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ธฐํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜

๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ์ง„์†๋„๋ฅผ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ฆ‰, ์šฉํƒ•์ด ํ˜•๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์ถฉ์ง„๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์™ธ๋ถ€๋กœ

๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ณต ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์™ธ ์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ์ง„์†๋„

๋ฅผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์™ธ ๊ณ  ํ™”๋ฅผ ์œ ๋„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ์ง„์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ, ๋†’์€ ์—ด์†์‹ค๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ•ํšŒ, ํƒ•๊ฒฝ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ์ถฉ์ง„์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํƒ•๊ตฌ, ํƒ•๋„, ํ˜•์˜ ๊ณต๋™๋ถ€์— ๋งˆ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ์ง„์‹œ์ผœ์„œ ํ˜•

์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ๋‹จ์ถ•ํ•œ๋‹ค[9, 10].์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ ํ•˜ ๋“ฏ์ด ์ž๋™์ฐจ์šฉ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ(ํ•˜์šฐ์ง•)์€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ

๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ์กฐํ–ฅ์žฅ์น˜์— ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋˜๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ๋‚ด๋ถ€์˜ ๊ธฐํฌ

๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ–ฅ

์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด์•˜๋‹ค. ์ตœ ์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๊ณ 

์‹ค์ œ ํ˜•์— ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ๋„์ถœ๋œ ์ตœ ์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ

์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์‹œ ์‚ฌ์ถœ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜ ๋‹ค.

3.3.2 ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„

์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„์€ ์ถฉ์ง„์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ํ›„์— ์‘๊ณ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฅ ๊ณผ ์‘

๊ณ ์ง„ํ–‰์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณ‘ํ–‰ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ›„์œก๋ถ€ ๋Š” ์‘๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’

์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ, ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ›„์œก๋ถ€ ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์˜จ๋„ ์‘

๊ณ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ฅ ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ , ์ธก๊ฒฐํ•จ์ด ์‹ค์ œ์ฃผ์กฐ์—์„œ ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ํ–ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€

๋‚ด๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์กฐํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋ถ€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐด๋“œ์˜

(Band saw)์™€ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ๋œ ๋ถ€ ๋ณ„ ๋‹จ๋ฉด

์€ ์œก์•ˆ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ธฐํฌ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜ ๋‹ค.

4. ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

4.1 ์œ ๋™ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์œ ๋™ํ•ด์„ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ค์ •์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ตœ ์–‘

์‚ฐ์กฐ๊ฑด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ ์œผ๋กœ 2๋‹จ ์‚ฌ์ถœ์†๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. <Figure 5>๋Š” ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ํ•œ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†(0.4m/s)์—์„œ ๊ณ ์†(1.6m/s)์œผ๋กœ ์†๋„๋ฅผ ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ ์€ ์ œํ’ˆ๋ถ€์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„์ด

์•ฝ 30% ์ด์ƒ์ •๋„ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์‹œ ์— ์„ค์ •ํ•˜ ๋‹ค.๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 1์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„๊ฑฐ๋™์€ <Figure 5>(A)์˜ 93% ์ถฉ์ง„์—์„œ

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๊ธฐํฌ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ€ (Flow junction zone)๊ฐ€ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹จ ๋‘ ๊ณณ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ

๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ€ ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ

๊ธฐํฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ƒ ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ๋กœ์šฐ์˜ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถ€ ์— ๊ธฐํฌ๊ณ 

๋ฆฝ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.<Figure 5>(B)์˜ 93% ์ถฉ์ง„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 2์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„

๊ฑฐ๋™์€ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ€ (Flow junction zone)๊ฐ€ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹จ ์„ธ ๊ณณ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 1์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ๋กœ์šฐ์˜ ์„ค์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถ€

์— ๊ธฐํฌ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•จ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜

๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค.<Figure 5>(C)์˜ 93% ์ถฉ์ง„์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 3์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„

๊ฑฐ๋™์€ ๊ธฐํฌ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ€ (Flow junction zone)๊ฐ€ ๊ฒŒ์ดํŠธ์™€ ๋จผ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹จ ํ•œ ๊ณณ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ

์•ˆ 1๊ณผ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 2์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์šฉํƒ•์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ท ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ๋ถ€ ์— ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ๋กœ์šฐ์˜ ์„ค

์น˜๊ฐ€ ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ถ€ ์ž„์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 

๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Byoung-Guk Jeongโ€คHong-Kyu Kwon48

<Figure 5> Simulation Result of Mold Filling : (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3

<Figure 6> Simulation result of solidification: (A) Case 1; (B) Case 2; (C) Case 3

4.2 ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

์•ž์—์„œ ์–ธ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์‘๊ณ ๊ฑฐ๋™์€ ์ถฉ์ง„์ด ์™„๋ฃŒ๋œ ์ดํ›„์— ์ง„ํ–‰์ด ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ์กฐ๊ฑด ๋“ฑ์ด ์‘๊ณ ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ํ–ฅ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ฏธํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.

<Figure 6>์˜ 45% ์‘๊ณ ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ›„์œก

๋ถ€์—์„œ ์•ก์ƒ์„  ๋ถ€๊ทผ์˜ ์˜จ๋„์ธ 540~5,900c์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ถ„ํฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ํ•œ ์‘๊ณ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ, ๋™์ผํ•œ ํ›„์œก๋ถ€ ๋‘ ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์ข… ์‘๊ณ ๋ถ€ ๋กœ ์ž”์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ

๋˜์–ด ์‘๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ธกํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ›„์œก๋ถ€ ๋‘ ๋ถ€ ๋Š”

์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณต ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ค ์ฃผ์กฐํ’ˆ์˜ ๋™์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฅผ ๋‹จํ•˜

์—ฌ ์œก์•ˆ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜ ๋‹ค.

A Case Study on Developing Automotive Part(Housing) by Filling and Solidification Analysis 49

<Figure 7> Tool Modeling of Housing : (A) Cover(Stationary)

Die; (B) Ejector(Moves) Die

<Figure 8> Die-Casting Tool of Gear Box : (A) Cover(Sta-

tionary) die; (B) Ejector(Moves) die

<Figure 9> Casted Gear Box

4.3 ๊ธˆํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง ๋ฐ ์ œ์ž‘

์ฃผ์กฐํ•ด์„๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ <Figure 7>์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด ํ˜•์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•˜์—ฌ <Figure 7>(B)์˜ ํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์—์„œ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ํ˜•์˜ ์ƒํ•˜

์ธก์™ธ์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์œ ์••์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์—ฌ์•ผ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์›ํ™œ

ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ถ”์ถœํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ œํ’ˆ์ด๋‹ค. ํ•œ, ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ์ง„๊ณต๋ธ”๋ฝ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ํ˜•๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ

ํ•˜์—ฌ 150ton cold type์— ์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ชฐ๋“œ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜ ๋‹ค.

<Figure 8>์€ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ํ˜•์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ํ˜•์‚ฌ์ด์ฆˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋กœ 460mm ์„ธ๋กœ 570mm ๋‘๊ป˜ 460mm์ด๊ณ , ํ˜•์ฝ”์–ด ์žฌ์งˆ์€ SKD61์ข…์— ์—ด์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์—ฌ

์ œ์ž‘ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ํ˜•์ฝ”์–ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋„๋Š” 46HRc๋กœ ์„ค์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. <Figure 7>์˜ ํ˜•๋ชจ๋ธ๋ง์—์„œ ์–ธ ํ•œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™

์ด ์ œํ’ˆ ์ถ”์ถœ์„ ์›ํ™œํžˆ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œ ์••์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ์ง„

๊ณต๋ธ”๋ฝ์„ ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค ํ˜•์— ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜ ๋‹ค.์ฃผ์กฐํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ํ˜•์„ ๋ฐ”

ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์‹ค์ œ ์ฃผ์กฐํ’ˆ์„ <Figure 9>์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ฃผ์กฐํ•˜ ๋‹ค.

4.4 ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋น„๊ต ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ฐฐ

์ฃผ์กฐํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์™€ ์ฃผ์กฐํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ

<Figure 10>์— ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ ๋‹จํ•œ ์ฃผ์กฐ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. <Figure 6>์˜ ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„์—์„œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ›„์œก๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‘๊ณ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  45%์‘๊ณ ์œจ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ตœ์ข… ์‘๊ณ ๋ถ€ ์— ์‘๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ถ•์˜

๊ฒฐํ•จ์„ ์ธก๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. <Figure 1>๊ณผ <Table 1>์— ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์กฐํ’ˆ์˜ ๋™์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ฅผ ๋‹จํ•˜

์—ฌ ์œก์•ˆ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐ๊ณต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜ ๋‹ค.<Figure 11>~<Figure 13>์€ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ถ€ ๋ฅผ

๋ณด์—ฌ ๋‹ค. <Figure 11>~<Figure 13>์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ๋ฐฐ๋“œ์˜๋กœ ๋‹จ๋œ ๋ถ€ ๋ณ„ ์œก์•ˆ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์—์„œ ๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐฐ

ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ์ฐฐ์„ ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ณ ์†๊ฐ€๊ณต ๋จธ์‹ ์„ผํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€๊ณตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ธฐํฌ์— ํ•˜์—ฌ ์œก

์•ˆ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜ ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋ฒ„๋‹ˆ์–ด์บ˜๋ฆฌํผ์Šค๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐœ๋žต ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜ ๋‹ค.

<Figure 10> Cut Directions and Cut Part

<Figure 11> Cut Section 1 and 2 of the Casted Parts

Byoung-Guk Jeongโ€คHong-Kyu Kwon50

<Figure 12> Cut Section 1 and 4 of the Casted Parts

<Figure 13> Cut Section 5 of the Casted Parts

<Figure 14> Section 1, 4, and 5 of the Machined Parts

<Figure 15> Section 1, 2, and 4 of the Machined Parts

<Figure 14>, <Figure 15>๋Š” ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ณต๋ถ€ ๋ฅผ

๋ณด์—ฌ ๋‹ค. <Figure 14>, <Figure 15>์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด, ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ์š”๋ถ€ (์‹ค๋ฆฐ๋” ๋‚ด๋ถ€, ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ, ์กฐ๋ฆฝ๋ถ€ )์—์„œ ๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฏธ์„ธ๊ธฐํฌ(0.2mm ๋ฏธ๋งŒ)๊ฐ€ <Figure 15>์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ํ›„์œก๋ถ€์—์„œ ์‘๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.

5. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

์œ ๋™ํ•ด์„ ๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ(์• ๋‹ˆ์บ์Šค )์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ œํ’ˆ(ํ•˜์šฐ์ง•)์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์— ํ•œ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฐ„์ด ๋‹ค์ด์บ์Šค

ํ˜•์„ ์ด์šฉํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ฃผ์กฐ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ๋‹ค.1) ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 3์˜ ์šฉํƒ•ํ๋ฆ„์ด ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„ํฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•œ ํƒ•ํšŒ๋ถˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

ํ•œ ๋ถ€ ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์‹œํ–‰์ฐฉ์˜ค๋ฅผ ํญ ์ผ

์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.2) ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ 3์˜ ์ถฉ์ง„ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์šฉํƒ•์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ถ€ (Flow Junction Zone)๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•œ ๋ถ€ ์— ์น˜

ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์˜ค๋ฒ„ ๋กœ์šฐ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•˜์—ฌ

์ถฉ์ง„๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜

์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.3) ์‘๊ณ ํ•ด์„ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์—์„œ ์‘๊ณ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์— ์˜ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ฒฐํ•จ ์น˜๋ฅผ ์•…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ์‹ค์ œ ์ฃผ์กฐ์ œํ’ˆ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ถ€ ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์น˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜

์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค.4) ์–‘์‚ฐ ํ˜•์˜ ์ฃผ์กฐ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ตœ์ข… ํ›„์œก๋ถ€

์— ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ์ธ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์— ์˜ํ•˜

์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๊ธฐํฌ๋ฅผ ์™„ ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ

์œผ๋กœ ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค.

Acknowledgement

The authors greatly appreciate DNKOREA CO., LTD. for the experimental supports and implementations. Research fund for this paper was provided by Namseoul University.

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ORCIDByoung-Guk Jeong | http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5055-0308Hong-Kyu Kwon | http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9789-3348