A case for cap rock stability and sealing ability evaluation · Fault reactivation Strength failure...
Transcript of A case for cap rock stability and sealing ability evaluation · Fault reactivation Strength failure...
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Liu Da-an, Zeng Rong-shu, Cui Zhen-dong, Xu Wendong
Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences, P.R.CHINA
A QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION METHOD FOR THE STABILITY AND
SEALING CAPACITY OF CAP ROCK IN CO2 STORAGE SITE
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Geomechanical View of CCS safetyRock fracure evaluation of cap
rock stability & sealing capacityA evaluation of CO2-EOR project site
with penny-shaped crack modelConclusion and suggestion
OUTLINES
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Geomechanical View of CCS safety
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Geomechanical impacts of CO2injection on cap rock safety & stability
Differential ground deformation in InsalaKrechba gas field (Jonny Rutqvist, 2008)
Slipping or tensile failure in the interface of the reservoir and cap rock Fault reactivation
Strength failure and crack propagationI
increasing pore pressure and reducing effective stress
Buoyancy and capillary displacement pressure
Thermodynamic and chemical process
Fault activation
Tensile fracture Tensile shearing fracture
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Key Points for cap rock safety & stability
4、Fault stability evaluation and activation prediction
2、Physico-mechanical reduction or failure for cap rock under T-H-M-C coupled conditions
1、The maximum pore pressure or fracture pressure in cap rock
3、 Physical and mechanical Sealing ability of cap rock under buoyancy force
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Evaluation indexes
Relative importance based on usage frequency of different indexes for cap rock stability evaluation
The most frequently used indexes for evaluating cap rock stability are buried depth, permeability, porosity, in-situ stresses
Freq
uenc
y in
refe
renc
es
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Critical role of cap rock fracture & failure
CCS safety
Cap rock safety
Cap rock stability
Cap rock sealing ability
Fracture & Failure Large Deformation
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Rock fracture evaluation of cap rock stability and sealing capacity
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Flaws and cracks determine rock strength
Fractures and cracks produce large deformation
Crack formation degrades sealing capacity
Crack propagation produce leaking path
Why Fracture Mechanics Approach to Cap Rock Stability
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Main steps of cap rock stability evaluation by rock fracture mechanics
Set up fracture or crack model from geological model
Set up fractures criterion for this model
Determine stress intensity factors of the cracks
Determine fracture toughness of the cap rocks
Apply the criterion to determine the critical pressure
Check the sealing capacity under this critical pressure
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Stress intensity factors:KI、 KII 、 KIII
Fracture toughness:KIC、 KIIC 、 KIIIC
Fracture criterion:KI= KIC 、 KII= KIIC 、 KIII= KIIIC
Mixed mode fracture criterion:KI/KIC+λKII/KIIC +γKIII/KIIIC =KC
Review of Some fundmentals of rock fracture mechanics
Stress state near the crack tip
3 basic modes of fracture crackMode 1 Mode 2 Mode 3
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Typical fracture modes of the cap rock and their fracture criterion
Tensile fracture Tensile shearing fracture
Mode 1 crack Model 1+2 Mixed Mode or mode 2 crack Mode 2 or 1+2+3 Mixed mode crack
KI/KIC+λKII/KIIC+ γKIII/KIIIC =KCKI=KIC KII=KIICKI/KIC+λKII/KIIC=KC
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KIC testing methods comparisonSpecimen diametersD [mm]
Values of KIC obtained from ISRM suggested chevron specimensSR specimen CCNBD specimen
Pmax [kN] KSR [MPa·m1/2] KSRC
[MPa·m1/2]Pmax [kN] KCCNBD
[MPa·m1/2]5055687480
1.246±0.1671.525±0.4041.995±0.2512.835±0.364
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2.596±0.3282.415±0.332.575±0.1773.075±0.345
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2.976±0.3093.085±0.413.25±0.2933.55±0.34
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1.713±0.1593.875±0.4089.316±1.10213.278±1.8919.43±1.849
0.553±0.0510.895±0.0942.356±0.2782.678±0.3792.843±0.271
Summary of Mode-I fracture toughness values tested from SR and CCNBD specimens
Box-Whisker plots of CCNBD and SR values
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A evaluation of CO2-EOR project site with penny-shaped crack model
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Project background
Tectonic position and sedimentary facies in DaQingZiJing oil field Revised from Chen Mian, (2008)
DaQingZiJing oil field is located in a tectonic depression surrounded by the southeast uplift, southwest uplift and west slope district;Its principal sedimentary facies include delta facies, semi-deep —deep lake facies;It has a lot of sand lens oil reservoir.
CO2-EOR (IEA,2000)
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Penny-shaped model for sand lens reservoir
Cap rock
Sand lens reservoir
Injecting wells
Co2
Mud stone Sand stone oil
Penny-shaped model
Sand lens reservoir
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Parameter testing
Fracture toughness (KIC) testing using CCNBD specimen
Tri-axial compressive strength testing
Dynamic elastic parameters testing
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The maximum injection pressure and sealing height of CO2 plume
Fracture criterion with Insitu fracture toughness correction(revised from Chen Mian, 2008)
Evaluation results:
The maximum injection pressure of cap rock at the nip of sand lens reservoir———20MPa
The maximum injection pressure of cap rock at the bottom of injection well————32MPa
The maximum sealing height of CO2 plume for well H77 cap rock ————————380m
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Conclusions and suggestion
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Conclusions and suggestion
① A quantitative evaluation method for cap rock stability based on
geomechanics and rock fracture mechanics is proposed.
② The designed maximum injection pressure and tested safe pressure has
a good agreement with our evalulation, which indicates the efficiency of
our calculation model and method.
③ The maximum sealing CO2 plume height of the cap mudstone indicates
that the example oil field can use the max injection pressure in full scale.
④ Systematic methods for CCS safety evaluation should be developed with
effective and quantitative analysis of cap rock fracture stability.
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Thanks for your attention
The End