A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s) I.Intro II.Italy A.Mussolini III.Germany A.Weimar Republic...
-
Upload
randell-brooks -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s) I.Intro II.Italy A.Mussolini III.Germany A.Weimar Republic...
A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s)
I. IntroII. Italy
A. MussoliniIII. Germany
A. Weimar Republic1. Inflation2. Hitler’s Rise
B. Dawes PlanC. Nazis in Power
1. Economics2. Anti-Semitism
Key Terms• Fascist Reforms• Beer Hall Putsch• Mein Kampf• New Economic Policy• Nuremberg Laws• Final Solution
Italy
• Journalist & reformer: Fascist Leader
• Chaos in Italy after WWI; he came to power
• Following a military coup, became Italy’s leader: 1922-43
Benito Mussolini
(1883-1945)
Fascist Propaganda
Mussolini’s headquarters in Rome; his face is larger than life (si = Italian for “yes”)
Fascist Reforms(1920s)
1. Lateran Pact-(between Pope & Mussolini) made Catholicism the state religion.
2. Broad system of public works projects (jobs).
3. All opposition was crushed.
4. Women were encouraged to have large families & discouraged from work outside the home.
Germany(1920-33)
Weimar Republic• Name of Germany’s government after WWI.• It was a republic (people could elect representatives)
but allowed for a Dictatorship in a crisis.• It was very unstable & unpopular (Versailles Treaty).
Germany’s Great Inflation(1920s)
• 1914: 4 Marks = $1 US• 1921: 65 Marks = $1 US• 9/1923: 9 million Marks = $1 US• 11/1923: 4 trillion Marks = $1 US
• Germany had to pay the cost of WWI.
Germany’s Great Inflation(1920s)
• Germany had to pay the cost of WWI.
• 1914: 4 Marks = $1 US
• 1921: 65 Marks = $1 US• 9/1923: 9 million Marks = $1 US• 11/1923: 4 trillion Marks = $1 US
Cycle: Reparations & Loans
• Germans struggled to make reparations payments• British & French struggled to repay loans to US • Solution: Dawes Plan
Dawes Plan(1924)
US Plan • US loaned about $2.6 billion to Germany• Germany paid about $2.4 billion in reparations to the British &
French• French & British repaid $2.4 billion in loans to US from WWI
US Stock Market Crash (1929) influences worldwide economic depression
Adolf Hitler’s Rise
• Born in Austria• Struggled as an artist• WWI gave him focus;
he was injured
(1889-1945)
Nazi Party
• While working for army he was hired to investigate radical groups
• Ended up joining Nazi Party• Party membership grew
TEMENDOUSLY
Mein Kampf(My Struggle)
1. Re-build German army
2. Re-unification of all German-speaking people
3. Living-space: Expand German territory in (eastern Europe)
4. Teutonic Race was master race
Hitler Assumes Power
• As economy worsened, Nazi party gained support
• In 1933 Hitler was named Chancellor
Nazi Election Poster
• An attack in February allowed Hitler to suspend civil liberties
New Economic Policy(1930s)
1. MASSIVE Public Works programs; highway system, etc.
– 1932-6 million unemployed– 1934-2.7 million
unemployed
2. Social welfare programs provided aid to families
3. Massive build-up of German military
Hitler Opening Volkswagen Factory
Nuremberg Laws(1930s)
1. German-Jews were robbed of citizenship & were fired from government jobs.
2. Sex & marriage between Jews & non-Jews was outlawed.
Goal: Pass (Nuremburg) laws so Jews leave the country.
Sign: Do Not Buy From Jews
WWII & Holocaust (Links To Maus)
Maus Vol. I, page 82
The “Noose Tightens”• 1939: Concentrate Jews
Ghettos of Poland• 12/41: Final Solution is
developed = extermination of all Jews
Holocaust & Hitler’s “Final Solution”
• 6 million Jews; worldwide Jewish population of 15 million
• Other victims included: 3.7 million Soviets POWs; homosexuals, disabled, gypsies, & others
• 12,000/day at Auschwitz
Maus Vol. II, page 41