KNOWLEDGE A BRIEF INTRO TO ACQUISITION,

REPRESENTATION AND PUBLISHINGCCS515 Guest Lecture by Dr. Gan Keng Hoon

27 October 2015

Outline◦Knowledge Publishing◦Knowledge Representation ◦Knowledge Acquisition

Knowledge◦What is knowledge?

Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning. (Wikipedia)

My Knowledge◦ List your knowledge.

◦Where did you get the knowledge?

◦How do you want to share them?

Knowledge ManagementWikipedia (2015)Knowledge management (KM) is the process of capturing, developing, sharing, and effectively using organizational knowledge. It refers to a multi-disciplinary approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge.

Davenport (1994) offered the still widely quoted definition:"Knowledge management is the process of capturing, distributing, and effectively using knowledge.“

(Duhon, 1998):"Knowledge management is a discipline that promotes an integrated approach to identifying, capturing, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing all of an enterprise's information assets. These assets may include databases, documents, policies, procedures, and previously un-captured expertise and experience in individual workers."

Manipulating Knowledge(Duhon, 1998):“Knowledge management is a discipline that promotes an integrated approach to identifying, capturing, evaluating, retrieving, and sharing all of an enterprise's information assets. These assets may include databases, documents, policies, procedures, and previously un-captured expertise and experience in individual workers.”

Knowledge Representation

Knowledge Acquisition

Knowledge Publishing

Knowledge Publishing/Sharing◦Advantage◦Avoid losing of information an organization or one as acquired. ◦Support quicker decision making, better efficiency.◦Reusable and benefited by endless users, staffs, readers. ◦Build reputations in terms of expertise.◦Promote knowledge exchange and creation of new knowledge.

Tools for Knowledge Publishing◦Offline ◦Books, newspaper, news etc.

◦Online◦e-books, e-newspapers, e-news etc.◦Websites◦Blogger (Blog)◦Tumblr (Microblog)◦Twitter (Short message)◦Pinterest (Image)◦youTube (Video) etc…

Personal Knowledge Publishing◦One way to communicate personal knowledge is by sharing and publishing.

Activities Involved in Personal Knowledge Publishing ◦Exploring◦Push◦Share links via social media

◦Pull◦Enable SEO

◦Bookmarked

Personal Knowledge Publishing using Blog◦Let’s blog.◦Why blog?◦Make implicit knowledge (e.g. not codified or structured) more explicit.◦Reflect on own learning.◦Responsibility needed as it is publicly available.

Personal Knowledge Publishing using Images◦Knowledge does not limit to text.◦Can be covey using images or other medias. ◦Pin a series of images to show some implicit idea.

Personal Knowledge Publishing using Videos◦Record your knowledge.◦What else can be recorded?

Personal Knowledge PublishingIssues ◦Knowledge overload.

Can our World Wide Web handle the capacity of ever growing size of information?

BIG DATA, STORAGE, CLOUD, NETWORK◦Credibility

Do you have any idea which information source to trust? FEEDBACK, SENTIMENT ANALYSIS, DATA ANALYSIS

◦DiscoveryAny better ways to discovery the published knowledge? SEARCH, FRIENDS RECOMMENDATION

Knowledge RepresentationHow to make knowledge publishing better?1. I want user to be able to locate my video.2. I want user to discover the slides I share. 3. I want the navigation of my blog posts to be

topics related. 4. Many more…

Knowledge RepresentationTag a

concept: AutomataComputer Science

Tag a name: Michael Benjamin

Tag a name: Shai Simonson

Knowledge Representation◦So, we have resources like videos, images, texts…◦We need a way to making them more meaningful.

Resource and Description

However, each resource has its own format.Need standard form. SOLUTION: Define a standard language for writing the description -> Metadata (Semantic Web Terminology)

Knowledge Representation

Resource

Description

Instructor: Shai Simonson

Title: Lecture 1 – Finite State Machines (Part 1/9)

Duration: 9:59

Uploaded: May 7 2010

Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework ◦This leads to one of the Semantic Web main task

Metadata Annotation- description of resources using standard language

◦Useful for search and discovery.

Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework ◦Common language for describing resource◦A statement with structure.◦A statement is a triple.◦Subject-predicate-object◦Subject: resource◦Predicate: a verb/property/relation◦Object: A resource/a literal string

Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework

To describe the statement: "The instructor of https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyUK5RAJg1c is Shai Simonson". The subject of the statement above is: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyUK5RAJg1c The predicate is: author The object is: Shai SimonsonSimplified RDF <?xml version="1.0"?><RDF>  <Description about="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyUK5RAJg1c">    <instructor>Shai Simonson</instructor>    <title>Lecture 1 – Finite State Machines (Part 1/9)</title>  </Description></RDF> Study: http://www.w3schools.com/xml/xml_rdf.asp

Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework

Source: Fulvio Corno, Semantic Web, Metadata, Knowledge Representation, Ontologies

Knowledge Representation- Resource Description Framework Solution: metadata standardization is requiredMany standardization bodies are involvedGeneral standarde.g. Dublin Core (DC)or may depend on goal, context, domain, …e. g. educational resources (IEEE LOM), multimedia resources (MPEG-7), images (VRA), people (FOAF, IEEE PAPI), geospatial resources (GSDGM), bibliographical resources (MARC, OAI), cultural heritage resources (CIDOC CRM)

Knowledge Representation - OntologySemantically rich descriptions need “understanding” the meaning of a resource and the domain related to the resource

Disambiguation of termsShared agreement on meanings

Description of the domain, with concepts and relations among concepts

Knowledge Representation - Ontology

◦Controlled vocabularies◦Taxonomies◦Thesauri◦Faceted classification◦Ontologies◦Folksonomies◦Others

Knowledge Representation - Ontology

TaxonomySubject-based classification that arranges the terms in the controlled vocabulary into a hierarchy

Knowledge Representation - Ontology◦ACM Classification system.◦Used to annotate bibliography.

Knowledge Representation - OntologyModel for describing the world that consists of a set of types, properties, and relationships.

Knowledge Representation - OntologyOntologies generally describe:Individuals◦the basic or “ground level” objectsClasses◦sets, collections, or types of objectsAttributes◦properties, features, characteristics, or parameters that objects can have and share

Relationships◦ways that objects can be related to one another

Knowledge Representation - Ontology◦How much knowledge do you have about ice cream??

Knowledge Representation - OntologyWeb Ontology Language (OWL) is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies.Built upon a W3C XML standard for objects called the Resource Description Framework (RDF).Computational logic-based language, exploited by computer programs, e.g., to verify the consistency of that knowledge or to make implicit knowledge explicit.

Knowledge AcquisitionWhere does the knowledge comes from?

Manual◦Written by expert.

Automated◦Gathering from those written by expert. ◦Allow aggregation, consolidation and organization for better usage. ◦Allow enhancement like semantic annotation, classification.

Knowledge Acquisition◦Knowledge acquisition is the process of extracting, structuring and organizing knowledge from one source, usually human experts. ◦Extraction ◦Get resource from texts.

◦Structuring◦Annotate the resource.

◦Organizing◦Store the resource in representation like ontology.

Knowledge AcquisitionKnowledge can be extracted from Unstructured Text◦Web pages◦Article◦Scanned document

Semi Structured Text◦XML◦Excel◦CSV◦BIB

Knowledge AcquisitionExtraction from unstructured text ◦Can you differentiate between Person and Organization?

Knowledge AcquisitionExtracting aspect and sentiment from a sentence. Use Part of Speech Tagging.

Review sentence: The room is beautiful. POS tagged sentence: The/DT room/NN is/VBZ beautiful/JJ./.

Representing the acquired knowledge: RDF triple(hasSentiment, room, beautiful)

General simple rule (R1): +.*(/nn1) +.*(/jj1) +

Mapping of aspect and opinion (M1): map (nn1, jj1)

Knowledge Acquisition – Road AheadToo much knowledge out there to be acquired.

Lots of research opportunities, especially,unstructured resource to structured resource Identify relation in a resourceIdentify implicit meaning in a resource

Contact

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Gan Keng HoonkhganATusm.my

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