A Brief A Brief Introduction to Introduction to

CanadaCanada• 　　 外国语学院教授　外国语学院教授　高素珍高素珍

Where is Canada?Where is Canada?

What does Canada What does Canada mean?mean?

•Stories about the word “Canada” inStories about the word “Canada” indicate the dicate the diverse cultural backgroudiverse cultural backgroundnd of the country. of the country.

•““Nothing here” in Spanish.(Spanish Nothing here” in Spanish.(Spanish explorers mistook Canada for Indiexplorers mistook Canada for India.)a.)

•““Clean land”, “castle”, “village”in CrClean land”, “castle”, “village”in Cree, Mohawk, etc.(ee, Mohawk, etc.( 居住在加拿大中居住在加拿大中部和南部的印第安人部落部和南部的印第安人部落 ))

Landing of Landing of ColumbusColumbus

The Discovery of The Discovery of AmericaAmerica

•The explorers mistook the natives The explorers mistook the natives of America for Indians. of America for Indians.

Geographical LocationGeographical Location

• Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US

• Between Russia and US via north polar route

• Bordering countries: US 8,893 km (includes 2,477 km with Alaska)

AreaArea

• Somewhat larger than the US

• Total: 9,976,139 sq km

• The second largest country in the world (after Russia)

PopulationPopulation

• Total: 32,805,041 (July 2005 est.)

• Approximately 90% of the population is concentrated within 160 km of the US border

• About the same as the Chongqing city

LanguagesLanguages

• English (official) 59.3%, French (official) 23.2%, others 17.5%

• In the recent years, people have been trying to make Chinese the third official language in Canada, but there has been no result up to now.

Government typeGovernment type

• Confederation with parliamentary democracy ,which is the biggest difference between Canada and the UK. （联邦议会民主制） (The ten provinces and 2 territories( 准省 )have their own governments respectively.)

• Canada became a political entity(政治实体） in 1867. （ P.187)

Official Head of Official Head of CanadaCanada

•Queen ELIZABETH IIQueen ELIZABETH II (since 6 (since 6 February 1952), February 1952), representedrepresented by by Governor GeneralGovernor General Adrienne Adrienne CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)CLARKSON (since 7 October 1999)

•She is also the Queen of Great She is also the Queen of Great Britain, Australia, New Zealand and Britain, Australia, New Zealand and other former British colonies.(p.199) other former British colonies.(p.199)

The British Monarchy The British Monarchy TodayToday

Symbolize the Symbolize the tradition tradition and and unityunity of the of the

British StateBritish State

Governor GeneralsGovernor GeneralsAdrienne ClarksonAdrienne Clarkson(the current (the current governor)governor)

•Lord Tweedsmuir was GoLord Tweedsmuir was Governor General of Canada vernor General of Canada from 1935 to 1940. The ufrom 1935 to 1940. The uniform worn here was the niform worn here was the customary ceremonial drecustomary ceremonial dress for Commonwealth Goss for Commonwealth Governors General until recevernors General until recently.ntly.

Flag of Governor Flag of Governor GeneralGeneral

The present flag of the Governor The present flag of the Governor General was adopted in 1981. It General was adopted in 1981. It

features features a crowned liona crowned lion holding a red holding a red maple leaf. maple leaf.

National Flag of CanadaNational Flag of Canada

        

•  Flag Description:two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width), with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the official colors of Canada are red and white

•AnthemAnthem•The Vice-Regal Salute is the anthem used The Vice-Regal Salute is the anthem used to greet the Governor General. The Salute to greet the Governor General. The Salute comprises the first six bars of the royal comprises the first six bars of the royal anthem (anthem (God Save the QueenGod Save the Queen) and the ) and the first four and last four bars of the national first four and last four bars of the national anthem (anthem (O CanadaO Canada). On state visits ). On state visits abroad, abroad, O CanadaO Canada alone is used to salute alone is used to salute the Governor General.the Governor General.

O CanadaO Canada ! !•Official English lyrics

–O N.B.: the line is true patriot love in all thy sons command, with no apostrophe; otherwise put, "command (inspire) true patriot love in all thy sons." Also, the first word is "O" (used as a vocative, to apostrophize Canada), not the exclamation "oh."–Canada! Our home and native land! –True patriot love in all thy sons command. –With glowing hearts we see thee rise, –The True North strong and free!

– From far and wide, O Canada, – We stand on guard for thee. – God keep our land glorious and free! – O Canada, we stand on guard for thee. – O Canada, we stand on guard for thee.

The Prime MinisterThe Prime Minister

•The The most influential personmost influential person in the in the Canadian government.Canadian government.

Parliamentary Building in OttawaParliamentary Building in Ottawa

Capital city-Ottawa

Sits on the Sits on the border of the province of Ontarioborder of the province of Ontario （（安安大略省） 大略省） in in central Canadacentral Canada..

It It was made capitalwas made capital of the British colonial provinc of the British colonial province of Canada e of Canada in 1857in 1857. In the 20th century, a much . In the 20th century, a much larger Capital Region was created to serve as a flarger Capital Region was created to serve as a frame for Canada's Capital. Since 1969, rame for Canada's Capital. Since 1969, Ottawa Ottawa and Gatineauand Gatineau (two cities that face each other acr (two cities that face each other across the broad oss the broad Ottawa RiverOttawa River) and the surrounding ) and the surrounding urban and rural communitiesurban and rural communities have been have been formally formally recognized asrecognized as Canada's Canada's ""capital areacapital area."."

Capital city-OttawaCapital city-Ottawa

• encompasses 4,715 square kilometres of river valley, mountains, wetlands and fieldsstretches out on both sides of the Ottawa River to include parts of two Canadian provinces — Quebec (to the north) and Ontario (to the south)

• enjoys a "continental" climate (hot and humid in summer, cold and snowy in winter)

– contains two major cities — Ottawa and Gatineau— as well as numerous small towns

• has a population of 1.081 million (2000)

• is one of Canada's most bilingual communities, with nearly half a million people speaking both English and French

Capital city-OttawaCapital city-Ottawa

• the seat of government

• a place of national symbols • a meeting place for Canadians

• Canada's face to the world

• a showcase of Canadian culture

• an administrative centre

Other Big CitiesOther Big Cities

• Toronto( 多伦多）： Located in Ontario（安 大略省） ,the largest city in Canada

• Montreal( 蒙特利尔）： Located in Quebec( 魁北克省） , the second largest city in Canada

• Vancouver( 温哥华）： Located in British Columbia （英属哥仑比亚） , Canada’s third largest city (the forth, Ottawa)

TorontoToronto （多伦多）（多伦多）

Lake OntarioLake Ontario ( ( 安大略湖安大略湖 ))

• Neighbouring Canada in the north( 北邻加拿大的安大略省 ),Toronto is on the bank.

TorontoToronto

• Toronto, Ontario, Canada lies on the shore of Lake Ontario, the easternmost of the Great Lakes. Toronto is ideally located for operations with a world-wide focus. The city is 1.5 hours by air to cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Hartford, Boston, and Chicago, with direct flights available to most major world cities.

• The city is located in the Eastern Time Zone which allows for convenient communications with key people in the eastern seaboard of North America, while providing excellent windows of communication to European centres. The multi-cultural nature of the city (over 100 ethnic groups) provides international companies a large pool of the language skills necessary to operate in international markets.

Cultural Diversity of TorontoCultural Diversity of Toronto

Multiculturalism — it's what sets Toronto apart from other big North American cities. Toronto is home to virtually all of the world's culture groups and is the city where more than 1 00 languages are spoken.

• Once primarily a British and protestant city, Once primarily a British and protestant city, immigrationimmigration has played a dynamic role in has played a dynamic role in the changing face of Toronto the changing face of Toronto since the end since the end of the Second World Warof the Second World War. Today, 42% of . Today, 42% of all Canadian immigrants choose Toronto all Canadian immigrants choose Toronto as their destination and as such, Toronto's as their destination and as such, Toronto's visible minority populationvisible minority population now accounts now accounts for more than 40% of the population for more than 40% of the population compared to 11% nationwide. By 2001, compared to 11% nationwide. By 2001, that number that number climbed to over 50%.climbed to over 50%.

• The world has brought its best to Toronto and in return, the city has embraced the many cultures of the world. Toronto has bilingual street signs, specialty stores, ethnic restaurants, ethnic publications and a variety of ethnic shopping centres.

• Key Facts :

• In 1997, 42% of all new immigrants to Canada chose Toronto as their destination.

• There are more than 90 different ethnic groups in the Toronto Census Metropolitan Area (CMA) and over one million non-English or French speaking people. The top six are European (997,180), East and Southeast Asian (488,350), British (457,990), Canadian (311,965), South Asian (291,520) and Caribbean (167,295).

• The top ten source countries and areas for immigration to Canada were China, India, Pakistan, Hong Kong, Iran, Sri Lanka, The Philippines, Taiwan, Russia and Jamaica in 1996.

MontrealMontreal((蒙特利尔蒙特利尔 // 满地可满地可））• It has been called “Paris in North America”

( 有“北美小巴黎”之称 )

Other Big CitiesOther Big Cities

• Vancouver （温哥华）

VancouverVancouver

• The third largest city in Canada

• Home to the second largest Chinese community in North America, after San Francisco (p.212)

UniversitiesUniversities

• University of Toronto

University of TorontoUniversity of Toronto

• Established in 1827• the University of Toronto (U of T) is Canada's largest university, g

ranting both undergraduate and graduate degrees. It has three principal campuses.

• U of T offers a full range of courses in the humanities and the social and physical sciences, as well as professional programs in medicine, dentistry, engineering, architecture, nursing, social work and teaching.

• There is a breadth of research at U of T with more than 16,500 researchers on campus and at its affiliated teaching hospitals. Its Faculty of Medicine was recently recognized by the United Nations as one of four international centres of excellence for its multi-disciplinary approach to leading-edge research.

University of British ColumbiaUniversity of British Columbia

• Its abbreviation is UBC.

UBCUBC

University of British ColumbiaUniversity of British Columbia

York UniversityYork University

• Founded in 1959, York University is Canada's third-largest university. It has approximately 2,000 faculty members and 1,700 staff. Around 38,000 students pursue full or part-time degree studies on the York campus in the northwestern part of the Toronto Region or at Glendon College, Ontario's bilingual liberal arts institution located in downtown Toronto.

University of AlbertaUniversity of Alberta

Queen’s UniversityQueen’s University

York UniversityYork University

York UniversityYork University

University of MontrealUniversity of Montreal

University of MontrealUniversity of Montreal

Niagara FallsNiagara Falls

• Very close to Toronto

Niagara FallsNiagara Falls

CasinoCasino

• Casino on the side of Niagara Falls

Saint Mary’s UniversitySaint Mary’s University

Edmonton(Edmonton( 埃德蒙顿）埃德蒙顿）

Canada’s High-riserCanada’s High-riser

Montreal Olympic StadiumMontreal Olympic Stadium