A Banana a Day !

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    Because of their impressive potassium content, bananas are highly recommended bydoctors for patients whose potassium is low. One large banana, about 9 inches in length,packs 602 mg of potassium and only carries 140 calories. That same large banana even has2 grams of protein and 4 grams of fiber. No wonder the banana was considered an importantfood to boost the health of malnourished children! Those reducing sodium in their diets can'tgo wrong with a banana with its mere 2 mgs of sodium. For the carbohydrate counters there

    are 36 grams of carbs in a large banana.

    Vitamins and minerals are abundant in the banana, offering 123 I.U. of vitamin A for thelarge size. A full range of B vitamins are present with .07 mg of Thiamine, .15 mg ofRiboflavin, .82 mg Niacin, .88 mg vitamin B6, and 29 mcg of Folic Acid. There are even 13.8mg of vitamin C. On the mineral scale Calcium counts in at 9.2 mg, Magnesium 44.1 mg,with trace amounts of iron and zinc.

    Putting all of the nutritional figures together clearly shows the banana is among thehealthiest of fruits. The plantain, when cooked, rates slightly higher on the nutritional scalein vitamins and minerals but similar to the banana in protein and fiber content.

    Anaemia: High in iron, bananas can stimulate the production of haemoglobin in theblood and so helps in cases of anaemia.

    Blood Pressure:This unique tropical fruit is extremely high in potassium yet low insalt, making it the perfect food for helping to beat blood pressure. So much so, theUS Food and Drug Administration has just allowed the banana industry to makeofficial claims for the fruit's ability to reduce the risk of blood pressure and stroke.

    Brain Power: 200 students at an English school were helped through their examsthis year by eating bananas at breakfast, break and lunch in a bid to boost theirbrain power. Research has shown that the potassium-packed fruit can assistlearning by making pupils more alert.

    Constipation: High in fibre, including bananas in the diet can help restore normalbowel action, helping to overcome the problem without resorting to laxatives.

    Depression: According to a recent surveyundertaken by MIND amongst peoplesuffering from depression, many felt muchbetter after eating a banana. This isbecause bananas contain tryptophan, atype of protein that the body converts into

    serotonin - known to make you relax,improve your mood and generally makeyou feel happier.

    Hangovers: One of the quickest ways ofcuring a hangover is to make a bananamilkshake, sweetened with honey. Thebanana calms the stomach and, with the

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    distress in over-chronic ulcer cases. It also neutralizes over-acidity and reducesirritation by coating the lining of the stomach.

    Warts: Those keen on natural alternatives swear that, if you want to kill off a wart,take a piece of banana skin and place it on the wart, with the yellow side out.Carefully hold the skin in place with a plaster or surgical tape!

    There are two main varieties of bananas, the fruit or sweet banana and the plantain.The fruit banana is eaten raw out of hand when it turns yellow and develops asucculent sweetness with a soft, smooth, creamy, yet firm pulp. The plantain, acooking banana, is also referred to as the meal, vegetable or horse banana.Plantains have lower water content, making them drier and starchier than fruitbananas. Though the banana plant has the appearance of a sort of palm tree, and isoften called a banana palm, it is actually considered a perennial herb. It dies backafter each fruiting and produces new growth for the next generation of fruit.

    Bananas do not grow simply from seed. Man intervened long ago and crossed twovarieties of African wild bananas, the Musa acuminata and the Musa baalbisiana,got rid of the many seeds that were an unpleasant presence, and improved theflavor and texture from hard and unappetizing to its present soft and irresistiblysweet flavor.

    Today bananas must be propagated from large rootstocks or rhizomes that arecarefully transplanted in a suitable climate, namely the hot tropics, where theaverage temperature is a humid 80 degrees Fahrenheit (27 degrees Celsius), and aminimum of 3 1/2 inches (75 mm) of rainfall a month. The soil must have excellentdrainage or the rootstocks will rot. The plants grow new shoots, often calledsuckers, pups, or ratoons, from the shallow rootstocks or rhizomes, and continue to

    produce new plants generation after generation for several decades. In about ninemonths the plants reach their mature height of about 15 to 30 feet. Some varietieswill grow to a height of 40 feet. From the stems, that are about 12 inches thick,flower shoots begin to produce bananas. If you have never seen bananas growing,you might be puzzled that they appear to be growing upside-down with their stemsconnected to the bunch at the bottom and the tips pointing upward.

    Bananas possess a unique scientific phenomenon called "negative geotropism." Asthe little bananas start to develop, they grow downward--as gravity would dictate.Little by little, several "hands" or double rows develop vertically and form a partialspiral around the stem. As they take in more and more sunlight, their naturalgrowth hormones bring about a most puzzling phenomenon, and they begin to turn

    and grow upward. As the plant becomes heavier with maturing fruit, it must besupported with poles. The stems are made of layers and layers of leaves that arewrapped around each other. Though quite large and thick, the stems are not strongand woody like most fruit trees and can break under the weight of many bunches ofbananas.

    Though there are approximately 300 species of bananas, only 20 varieties arecommercially cultivated. Local populations and visitors who experience the regionalcuisines when they travel enjoy the many non-commercial varieties. Members of the

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    Musaceae family, the banana plant belongs to the monocotyledons, a group thatincludes palms, grasses, and orchids. Bananas are mature about three months fromthe time of flowering, with each bunch producing about 15 "hands" or rows. Eachhand has about 20 bananas while each bunch will yield about 200 "fingers" orbananas. An average bunch of bananas can weigh between 80 and 125 pounds (35to 50 kilograms). Two-man teams harvest the bananas. While one man whacks the

    bunch with his machete, the other catches the falling bunch onto his shoulders andtransfers it to a hook attached to one of a series of conveyer cables that runthroughout the plantation. Though bananas can be left to ripen on the plant, theywould perish too quickly. It is important that they are harvested in the green stateat just the right time. If harvested too early, they would develop a floury pulpinstead of a delightfully sweet flavor.

    Bananas begin the ripening process as soon asthey are harvested, when laboratory tests haveshown that they contain 20% starch and 1%sugar. When the bananas turn yellow withsome brown spots, they are fully ripened, andthese figures are completely reversed. Thesugar content breaks down as follows: 66%sucrose, 14% fructose, and 20% glucose. Afterthe bananas have been harvested, the giantstems are cut down to provide rich humus forthe next crop that has already begun to sproutnew shoots. Each plantation has a packingstation where bananas are graded for quality.

    Those that are poor quality are sold in localmarkets or pureed and used as animal feed. The next step is to cut the bananasinto individual hands and wash them in a water bath to stop "bleeding" their naturallatex or rubber substance that tends to stain the bananas as well as clothing.

    Though there are many countries where bananas are grown, not all grow them forexport. Brazil, China, India, and Thailand grow them as a local food source andexport very few. The major exporters include Ecuador, Costa Rica, Colombia,Honduras, the Philippines, Panama, and Guatemala. Surprisingly, 80% of thebananas grown throughout the world are of the plantain or cooking variety. Tomany tropical cultures, plantains are an important part of the daily diet and areprepared in as many ways as other cultures have devised for potatoes. Plantainsmay be more familiar to you as banana chips that are first dried, then fried. Thesecooking bananas are even employed in the brewing of beer in some areas of EastAfrica. Brazil and Kenya grow a unique fruit banana called Apple Banana whose

    flavor reminds one of an apple. This special variety is only three to four inches inlength. Another special variety is the Lady's Finger, an especially small banana witha sweet, creamy texture that grows in Thailand, Malaysia, and Colombia. You canrecognize the Red Banana by its reddish brown skin. The flesh inside also has areddish tinge, and the flavor is sweet with a satin-like texture. These grow in mostregions where bananas thrive.

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    Bananas not only contain vitamin B6, vitamin C, and potassium, but they're also widely enjoyed as snacks,

    desserts, and even in meals. Depending on where you live, however, the bananas you find in stores may have

    been shipped halfway around the world, after having been picked green and placed in air-tight rooms filled with

    ethylene gas to hasten ripening.[1] To avoid this, you may be able to grow your own banana plant in your

    backyard, perhaps even experiment with varieties flavor rather than shelf life.

    Edit

    Steps

    1. 1

    Select your planting site. The area you set aside for banana plant should be large enough to accommodate

    their eventual size. Banana plants are often mistaken for trees because the thick, sturdypseudostem looks a

    lot like a trunk, and the entire plant can get quite large (7.6 m or 25' tall, with leaves up to 2.7 m or 9' long).

    There should also be enough sunlight for the leaves and, more importantly, to keep the soil surrounding the

    roots warm (over 68F or 20C) or else the plant will dramatically slow down its growth.[2]

    Make a sun chart of your yard to determine which areas get the most sunlight for the longest part of

    the day.

    A greenhouse will help to keep the soil warm, but there should be enough space for the banana plant

    to grow.

    If you have multiple plants, don't put them so close together that they'll eventually shade the soil,

    keeping it too cool for growth. Also, if they're too close together (less than 5' or 1.5m apart) they'll

    compete for nutrients and won't produce as much fruit.[3]

    If space is limited, dwarf varieties (e.g. dwarf cavendish) are worth considering.

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    2. 2

    Clear the planting site. Remove any plants or weeds that are growing. Dig a hole with a diameter of 50cm and

    a depth of 30cm. Add fertilizer at the bottom if necessary. Any kind of fertilizer can be applied, organic or

    inorganic. Just remember to only apply recommended amount of fertilizer, because too much may burn the

    plant's roots and kill it. For organic fertilizer, you can use compost, well composted manure or other organic

    fertilizers.

    3. 3

    Sword sucker, with narrow leaves

    Select your planting material. It could be a banana sucker, or a tissue culture one. You can get banana

    suckers from your neighbors and friends, or buy them on the Internet. Select suckers about 1ft or 1m high with

    sword-like leaves. Use a sharp spade or iron bar to separate the sucker from the mother plant. Always

    remember to be very careful in sucker extraction. Fertilization of the mother plant must immediately follow and

    the hole should be backfilled to prevent the mother plant from leaning.

    o Tissue cultured banana plants are those that are produced in laboratories, and are commonly

    found on the Internet and in nurseries. Tissue cultured bananas produce higher yields and larger

    banana bunches.

    o Diseases (such as fungus) could be transmitted if you get banana plants from a friend or

    neighbor. The likelihood of this is lessened by buying from a commercial nursery.[4]

    4. 4

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    Remove all the old and broken roots. Simply cut the old and long roots with sharp scissors, leaving a few

    centimeters of roots left or none at all. The roots will soon grow. Pulling the roots is hard work because the

    roots are tough, and sometimes you remove the outer layer of the roots and this leaves a tough thread-like

    root. Also remove broken and cut leaves. Leaving about five good leaves of a tree is usually enough. Too many

    leaves cut the sunlight badly and make the underground wet.

    5. 5

    Put the plant in the hole you dug previously. It should be in a standing position. Cover it with soil, tamping

    down firmly but not too much.

    6. 6

    Water the plants daily if the soil is dry. Don't water if it's wet.

    7. 7

    Feed your plants with plenty of fertilizer every month. Since bananas are rich in nutrients, they're heavy

    feeders, drawing a lot of nutrients from the soil (especially potassium). If the soil in your area is not over 68F

    or 20C for 9 months out of the year, focus fertilization on those months when it is to encourage the plants to

    grow and bear fruit during that time.[5]

    o Chop up spent banana plants and use them as mulch to return potassium to the soil. If it's

    unsightly, cover the chopped vegetation with other types of mulch.

    o Consider citrus fertilizer combined with a high-potassium product.

    o If you're growing the bananas organically, apply both compost and organic fertilizers. Only

    apply the recommended amount. Too much will burn the plants.

    8. 8

    Remove all the leaves that dry out and those that are diseased. If diseased plants are discovered, treat

    them immediately, or uproot and rouge them. Insect pests should also be controlled as soon as they are found.

    o Examples of major plant diseases include: Bacterial Wilt/Moko Disease; Panama

    Disease/Fusarium Wilt; Banana Bunchy Top; Blackhead/Root Rot/Toppling Disease; and Black Leaf

    Streak.

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    o Examples of major plant pests include: Corm Weevil; Banana Aphid; Mealy Bugs. Fruit pests

    include: Flower Thrips; Red Rust Thrips; and Scarring Weevil.

    9. 9

    Diagram of desuckering; click to enlarge

    Desucker your plants. This is important to control the plant population, get bigger bunch sizes and healthier

    plants, and limit disease pressure. Choose only one sword sucker for next year, usually the first sword sucker

    to emerge. This is called the "follower". All the suckers should be cut off at ground level and scooping the

    center then covering with soil. If the sucker grows back, simply repeat the process but this time, instead of just

    scooping the growing point, slice or deeply penetrate the growing point using an iron bar or wooden stick. This

    should be done if suckers are 1 foot high. If the selected follower has suckers, just follow the desuckering

    process. Always remember to choose the thirdfollower. When the mother plant shoots out the flower bud, stop

    the desuckering process and leave it to grow.

    o

    Fruiting Plant on left, Follower on right, undisturbed suckers beneath

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    The "follower" is the term used for the first banana sucker of the mother plant that will be left to grow

    and when the mother plant dies, this will be the next one to fruit. The term "follower" can also be used

    for the next suckers that are chosen to grow freely and be the next one to fruit. Consult the image

    given: The one on the left has fruit, the "follower" is on the right, almost of the same height as the

    mother plant.

    o Wild bananas produce more suckers than common bananas. Water suckers (suckers that are

    still young but have wide leaves) should be killed immediately. In dwarf varieties, small sword suckers

    are usually mistaken for water suckers (See "Tips").

    10. 10

    Support the plant to avoid toppling of the plant due to strong wind or bunch weight. There are 3 easy

    ways of doing it:

    o

    Single-rope propping

    Wire/Rope and Bottle Method - cut off the bottom of a plastic bottle. Insert a very long wire/verystrong twine through the mouth and bottom of the bottle. Crunch the bottle to make it bendable and

    soft. Let the banana stem rest on the crunched bottle and pass the wire through the stem and pull the

    stem a little bit backwards and tie the rest of the string to a strong support (e.g. strong tree, post) and

    tie tightly. OR instead of both ends of the rope being free, one end can be tied against itself to make a

    small loop big enough not to crush the pseudostem (see image). In this method, only one end of the

    rope is free, but this is only necessary if the rope is too short. Make sure that the rope is strong enough

    to support the leaning plant.

    o Single Bamboo Method- Use a 3m (10') long bamboo pole. Cut a piece of slingshot-shaped

    wood 10cm (4") thick and 60cm (2') wide. Insert the "handle" of the slingshot-shaped wood into one

    end of the bamboo. Let the stem rest on the middle of the "Y" and push the bamboo upwards a little bit

    so the stem is wedged into the "Y" tightly. Bury the other end of the bamboo (the base) deeply into the

    ground. Tamp very firmly.

    o Double Bamboo Method- Use two 3m (10') long bamboo poles. On one end of the poles, tie

    them together with strong wire 30cm (1') from the end. Open up the poles to form a letter "X". Let the

    stem rest on the short end, push upwards a little bit to create pressure, and bury the other ends of both

    poles. Tamp very firmly.

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    11. 11

    Partly-full Banana Bunch

    Look for the main flower. The banana plant flowers after 12 months, depending on your climate (usually it

    takes 9 months in the tropics). A sign of flowering is when the foliage decreases in length, compared to other

    leaves (do not confuse this with the Banana Bunchy Top Virus. See "Tips" below)

    o

    Banana Hand

    Remove the main flower/bud 3-4 days after the first appearance of the last hand. This is a sterile, male

    flower called the "banana heart". The odor is quite strong. Some varieties of banana plants produce

    edible banana flowers that are popular in Southeast Asian cuisine, but if you try to eat a flower from an

    unsuitable variety, it will be quite unpleasant.[6]

    o It may be advisable to remove the last hand because it has a bigger chance of wilting.

    o Remove all the obstacles that touch or damage the bunch, and relocate the plant supports.

    12. 12

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    Inside a Covered Banana Bunch

    Cover the bunch with blue plastic. Nylon rice sacks work well too. Remember that the plastic/sack must

    have holes at the bottom for drainage of water. Tie the sack with soft twine several inches from the first hand.

    Covering the whole banana fruit with a big blue sack when it is about 2 months old is good practice. It makes

    the fruits get bigger and also gives good protection from the birds, bats and squirrels which like the banana fruit

    very much. The bag will help to hold available heat (a miniature greenhouse of sorts) as well as trap the

    ethylene oxide released by the fruit, which accelerates ripening.[7]

    13. 13

    Harvest the bunch 70-80 days after bagging the bunch, or if the last short leaf is starting to die (do not

    consider the very small last leaf as this will dry as soon it is opened). Another sign is when the plant has 6or less of the functional/alive leaves.

    1. Cut a notch halfway into the tree, opposite the side of the bunch.

    2. Carefully let the tree bend and cut off the bunch.

    2. 14

    Cut the tree in half with a horizontal cut halfway up the main stem after harvest. Take care of the next

    sucker. This time you can continue the desuckering process by removing the unwanted suckers of the previous

    fruited plant. Now you can dig out all the suckers of the previous mother plant, except the follower and the

    follower's suckers. For the suckers of the follower, do the same desuckering process described earlier. You

    could also transplant the unwanted sword suckers, if any, and destroy water suckers. After a month, more or

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    less, dig out the dead stump and chop it into pieces. Be careful not to harm the corm of the follower and its

    suckers.

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    Edit Tips

    In taking suckers from mother plants, gently separate the sucker from the other plant by using a spade

    or an iron bar to break the tissue that connects the sucker from the mother plant. This "tissue" is found

    at the sucker's corm. The sucker may survive this "separation" but make sure that the sucker already

    has its own root system. In some cases, the mother plant is planted deep and sucker separation is

    often difficult. If this is the case, find another one.

    Avoid overwatering. Over watering will result in corm rotting and dying.

    When it comes to desuckering dwarf bananas, do not be confused. The very first or the second leaf of

    the emerging sucker should be narrow, not wide.

    Most bananas require at least 20 months without freezing to produce fruit.

    Take care while transplanting/desuckering the mother plant. If this is done incorrectly, the mother or

    the sucker will die.

    The "Banana Bunchy Top Virus" is one of the most dangerous plant diseases.[8]Once infected, even a

    single sucker, all the plants that are connected (including the mother plant and all its suckers) will be

    infected and all the plants are stunted. The virus is spread by a banana pest called "Banana Aphid"

    (Pentalonia Nigronervosa). These pests are slow and live in colonies and they can transmit the

    disease in hours.

    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  • 8/3/2019 A Banana a Day !

    13/13

    Banana Regrowth

    If the newly planted banana is accidentally damaged (e.g. hit by ball) or if the plant is growing weak,

    but the plant is still alive, simply cut the plant in half. The banana plant will regrow.

    If you want your bananas to grow organically, don't add chemical fertilizer. Apply compost and/or any

    organic fertilizer.

    It is be advisable to cut off the main flower as soon as the bananas start to sprout. This will lead to

    healthier and more bigger bananas, as the nutrients that would have been used for the main flower will

    now be utilized in nourishing the actual fruit.

    Food for Weight Loss

    Eat Healthy, Lose Weight and Feel Great with Health Total. Visit Us!www.health-total.com

    Nematode Prevention

    Naturally occurring soil bacteria used to reduce nematode populationsthecropsite.com/nematode-prevention

    Livescribe Smartpen India

    Its Time to let the Pens take notes for you. NEVER Miss a Wordwww.smartpen.in

    Edit Warnings

    Wear old clothes before cutting any part of the banana plant because the sap causes black patches

    that are very hard to wash out.

    Avoid taking and planting diseased plants from diseased mother plants.

    In areas where Banana Bunchy Top exists, do not share banana suckers with friends. Only buy plants

    from retailers who can assure the plant is diease-free. It may not be obvious that a plant has Banana

    Bunchy Top so ensure you don't share plants.

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