A and P Questions

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SECTION A:Introduction to Anatomy

and Physiology

Module 1-A: Organization of the Human Body


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Module Contents 1

Module Contents

Page

Components Suggested Activities 3

Written Test 9

Answers to Written Test 19

Answers to Assignment Sheets 23

Crossword Puzzles

1 Terms from Objectives 1 Through 4 252 Terms from Objectives 5 Through 8 27

3 Terms from Objectives 9 Through 13 294 Terms from Objective 14 31

Answers to Crossword Puzzles 33

Module Review 35

Answers to Module Review 47

Section A: Introduction to Anatomy and PhysiologyModule 1-A: Organization of the Human Body


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Suggested Activities 3

Suggested Activities

InstruCtIonal The following is a step-by-step instructional plan (preparation, delivery/application, and

plan evaluation) to assist you in preparing for group instruction or to assist you in modifying theLearning Activities Sheet provided in the student guide for this module

preparatIon Readthemodulecarefullyandplanforinstruction.

ReviewTeachingSuggestions.Planforclassroomactivities.

Obtain resources tosupplement instruction of thismodule. SeeResourcesUsed inDevelopingThisModuleandSuggestedSupplementalResources.

ReviewtheSuggestedWebSites,andmakealistofadditionalsitesyoumayhavefound for students to research to learn more about the human body

Forself-pacedinstruction,reviewLearningActivitiesSheetlocatedinthestudentguide.Go to customizable files link on teacher edition CD andmodify as appropriate toincludeadditional activities and/or resources available in your classroom.Make onecopy for each student

SelectWebsitestobeinsertedontheLearningActivitiesSheetinthestudentguide.

Review theadditionalresources that follow:WrittenTest, optionalassignmentsheetcrosswordpuzzles,andModuleReview.

Developyourinstructionalplan.Adjustyourinstructionalplanfordifferentlearningstylesand for students with special needs

The PowerPoint slides for each module of instruction have been provided as aPowerPointpresentationontheteachereditionCD.Theymaybeusedasisormaybemodified by the instructor to include additional information and illustrations You may alsochoosetoprintthePowerPointslidesinordertocreateacetatetransparencies.

CopytheWrittenTest,ModuleReview,andcrosswordpuzzlesfordistributiontoyourstudents

DelIveryanD Providethestudentswiththemoduleofinstructioninthestudentedition. applICatIon

DiscussthemoduleandspecificobjectivesontheModuleObjectiveSheet.

DiscusstheInformationSheet.Implementyourinstructionalplantolocalize,supplement

andpersonalizetheobjectivespresentedin thisportionofthemodule.Reinforce thebasicacademicandworkplaceskillswhenapplicable.

Discussthestudentsupplementswithstudents.

Discusstheassignmentsheets.Reviewwithstudentsthecriteriaforevaluationoftheseactivities

DiscusstheInteractiveStudentReviewlocatedonthestudentCD.



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4 Suggested Activities

evaluatIon AddormodifyWrittenTestitemsasneededusingtheWordfileincludedontheteachereditionCD.TheWrittenTestservesasbothapretestandposttesttoassistinmeasuringeach students competency gains

Giveandevaluatepretest.Modifylessonplantoincludeadditionalinstructionforthoseareas where students were deficient

Evaluate the assignment sheets. Rate the student using the criteria listed on eachassignment sheet See Answers to Assignment Sheets for correct answers whereapplicable.If thestudentsperformance isunacceptable,havethestudent reviewtheappropriate materials and complete the assignment again

Evaluate the crossword puzzles. See Answers to Crossword Puzzles for correctanswers

Giveandevaluatetheposttest.

Give andevaluate theModuleReview.TheModuleReviewreinforcesthe objectivespresentedintheInformationSheetthroughtheuseofmultiple-choicequestions.

Compile the WrittenTest, assignment sheet, crossword puzzle and ModuleReviewscores, and include any additional assignments or supplemental activities you haveselected as part of your instructional plan

Meet individually with students to evaluate their progress through this module ofinstruction and indicate to them possible areas of improvement

Reteachandretestasrequired.

teaChIng Note:Thismodulehastwoprimarypurposes: to introducestudents totheorganiza-

suggestIons tion of the human body and to begin to build the students anatomy and physiologyvocabularies.Lookforopportunitiestoreinforcebothgoalsasyoupresentthemoduleandcontinue into the other modules in this course

Use crossword puzzles 1 through 4 to help reinforce the terms in the associatedobjectives

PlayagameofInstructorSaysinwhichtheinstructortellsthestudentstotouchabodypart relative toanotherone.Forexample, the instructormaysay, Instructorsays totouchapartsuperiortotheleftelbow.Iftheteacherdoesnotsayinstructorsays,thenthe students should not follow through with the command

UsingthePowerPointslidesorotherillustrations,askthestudentstoindicateplanesandthennamemajororgansthatareintersectedbytheplanesforexample: asagittalplanethatdividestheumbilicalandleftlumbarabdominalregions.

UseaVisibleMan/VisibleWomantohavethestudentsidentifyorgansandstructuresinbody regions and abdominal regions

Haveascavengerhuntinwhichthestudentshavetofindanotherexampleofthetermsprovided inStudentSupplement1,excluding thosegiven in the student supplement.Medical dictionaries, periodicals, or other publications can be used



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Providethestudentswithmedicaldictionariesand have them look up the examplesgiven in Student Supplement 1

PlayagameofTwisterusingthetermsinStudentSupplement2.

Using terms fromStudentSupplement 2orothersources, provide the studentswithmedicaltermsandaskthemwhatorgansystemorsystemsarelikelytobeinvolved.Forexample,renalfailureismostlikelytoinvolvethekidneys.

Create flash-card sets as a learning aid for the information presented in StudenSupplement 1 and Student Supplement 2

ForAssignmentSheet3,obtainmaterialsforstudentstouseinconstructingtheirmodelsofvariousbodyorgans.Assigntwostudentstoworktogethertobuildthemodelandmakepresentationtoclass.

resourCes useD Core Curriculum for Surgical Technology, 5th ed. Englewood, CO: Association o In DevelopIng SurgicalTechnologists,Inc.,2002.

ThIs moDule Gylys, BarbaraA., andRegina M.Masters.Medical Terminology Simplified, 3rd ed

Philadelphia:F.A.DavisCompany,2005.

Hilley, Robert. Anatomy and Physiology. Stillwater, OK: Multistate Academic andVocationalCurriculumConsortium,Inc.,2002.

Kwon-Chung, K. J., and John E.Bennett.Medical Mycology. Philadelphia: Lea andFebiger,1992.

Saladin,KennethS.Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 4th edNewYork:McGraw-Hill,2007.

Scanlon,ValerieC.,andTinaSanders.Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 5th edPhiladelphia:F.A.DavisCompany,2006.

Seeley,RodR.,TrentD.Stephens,andPhilipTate.Anatomy & Physiology, 7th ed NewYork:McGraw-Hill.2006.

Sherris,DavidA.,and Eugene B.Kern.Basic Surgical Skills. Rochester,MN:MayoFoundationforMedicalEducationandResearch,1999.

Standring,Susan.Grays Anatomy,40thed.London:ChurchillLivingstone,2008.

Thibodeau,GaryA.,andKevinT.Patton.Anatomy and Physiology,7thed.St.LouisMosby,Inc.,2009.

Section A: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology


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suggesteD Note: The following Web sites offer general information about anatomy and physi- Web sItes* ology and generally cover more than one body system Later modules list sites specific to

the systems and disorders presented in that module These sites can be used in a generalway with the first four modules included in Section A and for specific portions of the sites astheyrelatetothesystemscoveredinlatermodulesinSectionB.

http://opencourse.org/Collaboratories/harveyproject/

The Harvey Project is an international collaboration of educators, researchers,physicians,students,programmers,instructionaldesigners,andgraphicartistsworkingtogethertobuildinteractive,dynamichumanphysiologycoursematerialsontheWeb.MaterialsproducedbytheHarveyProjectareavailablefreetoeducationalinstitutions.Thesite isconstantlyupdatedandshouldbecheckedoftenandbrowsedforoverallcontent

http://www.hapsweb.org/

The Human Anatomy and Physiology Society (HAPS) was founded to promotecommunications among teachers of human anatomy and physiology in colleges,

universities, and related institutions; to present workshops and conferences wheremembers can obtain information about the latest developments in the health andsciences fields; and to encourage educational research and publication by HAPSmembers The site contains information about society resources, including a newsletter,publications,andresourcesontheInternet.

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/visible_human.html

The Visible Human Projects objective is to create complete, anatomically detailed,three-dimensional representations of the normal male and female human bodies ThesitecontainsCT,MR,andcryosectionimagesofmaleandfemalecadavers.Themaleis sectioned at one-millimeter intervals, while the female is sectioned at one-third-of-a

millimeter intervals

http://www.innerbody.com/htm/body.html

This site provides a great deal of information on the human body in fun, interactiveformats There is a great deal of emphasis on terminology and body parts

http://www.orthop.washington.edu/

SponsoredbytheUniversityofWashington,thissiteoffersinformationonorthopedic-related subjects

http://tray.dermatology.uiowa.edu/DermImag.htm

Thissiteoffersmanyimagesoftheskinandunderlyingtissues.

http://www.heartsite.com/index.html

Although designed for patients with heart-related complaints, this site contains a greatdeal of information about the heart and its disorders



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http://www.merck.com/health/

This site provides a general guide to health that addresses many of the disorderscovered in this curriculum

http://www.martindalecenter.com/

This site provides a wealth of information and many useful graphics about humananatomy

http://www.uchsc.edu/sm/chs/gallery/gallery.htm

ThislinkgoesdirectlytothegalleryportionoftheVisibleHumanProjectattheUniversityofColorado.

http://www.maui.net/~jms/brainuse.html

This site deals primarily with the brain and offers many useful graphics

http://www.fi.edu/learn/heart/index.html

Thissiteallowsstudentstoexploretheheart,itsstructureanddevelopment,theflowoblood,anditsrelationshiptootherbodysystems.Italsopresentsinformationabouthearhealth and the history of heart science

http://uwmsk.org/RadAnatomy.html

Thissitefeaturesradiologicalimagesofthebodyandtheskeletalsystem.

http://www9.biostr.washington.edu/da.html

This site provides images and information in four areas: the brain, neuroanatomythoracicviscera,andtheknee.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integumentary_system

This site providesgreat information on the various bodysystems thatmake up thehuman body To move from one body system to another, simply change the systemnameintheWebaddress.Forexample,change"integumentary"to"muscular"togotothe section of this online encyclopedia that addresses that system

http://dir.yahoo.com/science/biology/anatomy

Byvisitingthissite,youwillhaveaccesstoavarietyofWebaddressesthatcoverthe

bodysystemsinthehumananatomy.ClickonthebodysystemyouwishtoexploretoaccessWebsitesthatoffergoodinformation,aswellasillustrationstofurtherexplorethe human body

http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/patient-education-materials/atlas-of-human-bodyshtml

This site provides a wealth of information and many useful graphics about humananatomy, as well as an atlas of the human body



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*Web-siteaddresseswereaccurateandallcontentonreferencedWebsiteswasappropriateduringdevelopmentandproductionofthisproduct.However,Websitessometimeschange;MAVCCtakesnoresponsibilityfora sitescontent.TheinclusionofaWebsitedoesnotconstitute an endorsement of that sites other pages, products, or owners You areencouragedtoverifyallWebsitespriortouse.



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Written Test 9

Written Test

Name __________________________________________________________________

Date ________________________________ Score __________________________

objeCtIve 1 Define the terms anatomyandphysiology. Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbeside each of the terms below

a Anatomy ___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

b. Physiology__________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

objeCtIve 2 Define the term anatomical position.Writeyouranswerontheblanklinesprovidedbesidethe term below

Anatomical position________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

objeCtIve 3 Labelthecommonbodyplanes.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedundereachoftheillustrationsbelowandonthenextpage.

a _____________________________



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10 Written Test

b _____________________________ c _____________________________

d _____________________________ e _____________________________



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Written Test 11

objeCtIve 4 Matchthedirectionaltermsusedinanatomytotheircorrectdescriptions.Writethenumbersontheblanksprovided.

_______ a At the wall of a body cavity

_______ b. Fartherfromthehead

_______ c Away from the surface

_______ d. Withinabodycavity

_______ e Nearer to a point of reference

_______ f More toward the front of the body

_______ g. Belowthesurface

_______ h. Fartherfromapointofreference

_______ i More toward the head

_______ j On the surface

_______ k. Moretowardthebacksideofthebody

_______ l. Closertothemidlineofthebody

_______ m At or near the edge

_______ n At or near the middle

_______ o. Fartherfromthemidlineofthebody

_______ p Near the surface

1 Anterior

2. Central

3 Deep

4 Distal

5. Exterior

6. Inferior

7. Internal

8 Lateral

9 Medial

10. Parietal

11. Peripheral

12. Posterior

13. Proximal

14 Superficial

15 Superior

16. Visceral

objeCtIve 5 Describethelocatingtermsusedinanatomy.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbesideeachofthetermsbelowandonthenextpage.

a. Caudal_____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

b. Cephalic____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

c Greater curvature ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

d Lesser curvature _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________



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12 Written Test

e. Palmar_____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

f. Plantar_____________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

objeCtIve 6 Describethebodypositions.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbesideeachofthe terms below

a. Erect ______________________________________________________________

b Lateral _____________________________________________________________

c. Prone______________________________________________________________

d Supine _____________________________________________________________

objeCtIve 7 List the general regions of the body. Write your answers on the blank lines providedbelow

a. ___________________________________________________________________

b. ___________________________________________________________________

c. ___________________________________________________________________

objeCtIve 8 Statethecontentsofthemajorbodycavities.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbesideeachofthetermsbelowandonthenextpage.

a Abdominal cavity _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

b. Cranialcavity________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

c Mediastinal space ____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

d. Pelviccavity_________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

e. Pericardialcavity_____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________



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Written Test 13

f. Pleuralcavities ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

g Spinal cavity ________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

objeCtIve 9 Labelthequadrantsof theabdominopelviccavity.Writeyouranswersontheblank linesprovided beside the illustration below

a b

c d

a _____________________________________

b _____________________________________

c _____________________________________

d _____________________________________

objeCtIve 10 Match the major abdominopelvic organs to their correct quadrant locations. Write thenumbersontheblanksprovided.

_______ a. Lower ascending colon, cecum, appendix,

lower right ureter, terminal ileum, part of theurinarybladder,sexorgans

_______ b Ascending part of the duodenum, upperdescending colon, left half of the transversecolon, spleen, small part of the liver, left adrenalgland,leftkidney,upperpartoftheleftureter,stomach

_______ c. Part of the small intestine, including thedescending duodenum; upper ascending colon;most of the liver; gallbladder; bile ducts; head

of the pancreas; right adrenal gland; rightkidney;upperpartoftherightureter

_______ d Lower descending colon, small intestine, partoftheurinarybladder,sexorgans

1. Rightupper

quadrant

2 Left upper quadrant

3. Rightlower quadrant

4 Left lower quadrant



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14 Written Test

objeCtIve 11 Labeltheregionsoftheabdomen.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedundertheillustration below

b ca

e fd

h ig

a ___________________________________________________________________

b ___________________________________________________________________

c ___________________________________________________________________

d ___________________________________________________________________

e ___________________________________________________________________

f ___________________________________________________________________

g ___________________________________________________________________

h ___________________________________________________________________

i ___________________________________________________________________



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Written Test 15

objeCtIve 12 Listthemajorbodystructuresinorderofincreasingcomplexity.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbelow.

a ___________________________________________________________________

b ___________________________________________________________________

c ___________________________________________________________________

d ___________________________________________________________________

e ___________________________________________________________________

objeCtIve 13 Matchthemajororgansystemstotheircorrectfunctions.Writethenumbersontheblanksprovided

1. Circulatorysystem2 Digestive system

3. Endocrinesystem 4. Immunesystem 5. Integumentarysystem 6. Muscularsystem

7 Nervous system 8. Reproductivesystem 9. Respiratorysystem10. Skeletalsystem11 Special senses12. Urinarysystem

_______ a. Receives,breaksdown,andabsorbsfoodsubstancesandexcreteswasteproducts

_______ b. Servesinremovingwasteproductsfromthebloodandinexcretingwastesin the form of urine

_______ c. Providesprotectionagainstdiseaseandinfection

_______ d. Providestheframeworkforthebodyandworkstoprotectandsupportthebody

_______ e. Providesforbodymovementandsupport

_______ f. Involvedwithreproductionandchildbirth

_______ g. Protects the organism from injury, disease, and infection; aids in theregulationof temperature, the excretion ofwastes,and the reception ofsensations

_______ h. Takesinoxygenfromtheairandgivesoffcarbondioxide,whichisproducedby cell metabolism

_______ i Serves to regulate various body functions through glands that secretehormones directly into the blood to slow down or increase the activity of the

cells

_______ j. Coordinates body activities by receiving, interpreting, and conductingmessages to all the other systems of the body

_______ k. Transportsmaterialsthroughoutthebodybycarryingoxygenandnutrientsin the blood to all the cells of the body and carrying away the waste productsof the cells

_______ l. Functioninreceivingsensationssuchassight,smell,hearing,andtaste



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16 Written Test

objeCtIve 14 Listthemajororgansandstructuresineachofthemajororgansystems.Writeyouranswersontheblanklinesprovidedbesideeachofthetermsbelowandonthenextpage.

a. Integumentarysystem_________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

b. Skeletalsystem______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

c Muscular system _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

d Nervous system ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

e Special senses ______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

f Digestive system _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

g. Circulatorysystem____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

h. Respiratorysystem___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________



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Written Test 17

i. Urinarysystem_______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

j. Reproductivesystem__________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

k. Endocrinesystem____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

l. Immunesystem______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

*Permission to duplicate this test is granted.



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Answers to Written Test

objeCtIve 1 a. Thescientificstudyofthestructureofanorganismthatdescribesthesize,shapeconstruction, and relative positions of the organs in the body

b The scientific study of the functions of an organism that describes how the organsworkindependentlyandinrelationtothewholeorganism

objeCtIve 2 A position of the body in which a person stands erect, facing directly forward, feet pointedforward and slightly apart, arms hanging down at the sides with the palms facing forward; astandard method of viewing the body so that the anatomy can be consistently described

objeCtIve 3 a. Obliqueplane

b Sagittal plane c. Coronalplane

d Transverse planee Median plane

objeCtIve 4

a. 10 b. 6

c 3 d. 16

e 13f 1

g 7h 4

i 15j 5

k. 12l 9

m 11n 2o 8p 14

objeCtIve 5

a. Referringtothetailortailendofastructure b. Referringtotheheadortotheheadendofastructure c. Referringtotheouterandlongerportionofacurvedstructure d. Referringtotheinnerandshorterportionofacurvedstructure e. Referringtothepalmofthehand f. Referringtothesoleofthefoot

objeCtIve 6 a Standing or sitting uprightb Lying on one sidec Lying down on the stomachd Lying down face up

objeCtIve 7 Answers may appear in any order

a. Head b. Trunk

c Limbs



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20 Answers to Written Test

objeCtIve 8 a Stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas, most of the small and large intestines,kidneys

b. Brainandpituitarygland

c Thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, bronchi, ends of the vena cavae, beginning of theaorta

d. Urinarybladder,sexorgans,partofthelargeintestine,includingthececum,appendix,and rectum

e. Heart

f One lung in each

g Spinal cord

objeCtIve 9 a. Rightupperquadrant

b. Leftupperquadrant c. Rightlowerquadrant d. Leftlowerquadrant

objeCtIve 10 a 3b 2c 1d 4

objeCtIve 11 a. Righthypochondriacregion

b. Epigastricregionc Left hypochondriac region d. Rightlumbarregion e. Umbilicalregion

f Left lumbar region g. Rightiliacregion h. Hypogastricregion

i Left iliac region

objeCtIve 12 a. Cellb Tissuec Organd Organ systeme Organism

objeCtIve 13

a 2b 12c 4

d. 10 e. 6

f 8

g 5h 9i 3

j 7 k. 1

l 11



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objeCtIve 14 a. Skin,hair,nails,ductglands

b. Bones,joints,cartilage,connectivetissue

c. Skeletal,smooth,andcardiacmuscles

d. Brain,spinalcord,peripheralnerves

e. Eyes,ears,nose,tastebuds

f. Mouth,pharynx,esophagus,stomach,largeandsmallintestines,accessoryorganssuch as the gallbladder and pancreas

g. Heart,bloodvessels,blood,lymphatictissues

h. Lungs,nose,pharynx,larynx,trachea

i Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra

j. Sexorgansandductstotheoutside

k. Ductlessglands

l. Whitebloodcells,antibodies



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Answers to Assignment Sheets 23

Answers to Assignment Sheets

Assignment Sheet 1Practice Critical Thinking: Use Directional Terms to DescribeSurgical Incisions

Suggested answers

problem 1

Begintheincision2cmtotheleftofthemedianplaneandevenwiththeinferiorendofthenose and proceed parallel to the nasolabial groove for 2 cm

problem 2

Begintheincisiononthemedialsideoftheleftkneeandproceedanteriorlytothecentrapointoftheknee.

problem 3

Begintheincision2cmtotherightofthemedianplaneofthebackattheintersectionofthe transverse plane and proceed laterally for 4 cm at an angle so that the lateral end of theincisionisapproximately2cmsuperiortothemedialendoftheincision.

problem 4

Begintheincisiononthemedialplaneofthechestatapointevenwiththenipples;proceedobliquelytoapointapproximately8cmsuperiortotheleftnipple;makeasecondincisionapproximately5cmlongandata90-degreeangletothefirst.

problem 5

Begintheincisionatapointevenwithandapproximately2cminferiortothemedialendoftherighteye;proceedwiththeincisionobliquelylateralsothat theendoftheincision is

proximaltotheinferiorendoftheearlobe.

Assignment Sheet 2Define Medical Terms

problem 1

a An inflammation of an organ b. Oforrelatedtothekidneys c. Aninflammationofthekidney

problem 2

a Against or opposing b. Pertainingtoorcharacterizedbyfever

c Aspirin reduces fever

problem 3

a A specified action, process, or result; an increase in a pathologic condition b. Pertainingtoanartery c. Hard

d Deterioration and loss of elasticity of the arteries



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24 Answers to Assignment Sheets

problem 4

a. Presenceofasubstanceintheurine b. Pertainingtoanybacterialmicroorganism c. Excessivebacteriaintheurine

problem 5

a. Swellingresultingfromanexcessiveaccumulationofserousfluidinthetissuesofthebody in specified locations

b. Pertainingtothehead

c Swelling of the head

problem 6

Cardiologistfromtherootwordcardio,meaningpertainingtotheheart;fromthesuffix-logy,meaningascienceorstudyof;andfromthesuffix-ist, meaning a practitioner of ascience

problem 7

An artificial opening for the colon, derived from colo- for colon and stoma- for a hole oropening

problem 8 Thyroidectomy

problem 9 An image of blood vessels

problem 10

The term for normal breathing is eupnea, and the term for difficult breathing is dyspenaEupneacomesfromtheprefix eu-, meaning well or easily, and from the root word pnea,meaningbreathorbreathing.Dyspenacomesfromtheprefixdys-, meaning bad, painful,

or disordered, and from the root wordpnea, meaning breath or breathing

Assignment Sheet 3Construct a Model of an Organ of the Human Body

This assignment to be evaluated by the instructor using the evaluation criteria stated on theassignment sheet



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Crossword Puzzle 1 25

Crossword Puzzle 1Terms from Objectives 1 Through 4

Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________________

1 2 3 4 5

6

7 8 9

10

11

12

13 14 15

16 17

18 19

20

21 22

23 24

25

ACROSS

1. Withinabodycavity 3. ____ plane is a lengthwise plane running from side to side and

dividingthebodyintofrontandbackparts7 The scientific study of the structure of an organism that describes

size, shape, construction, and relative positions of organs in thebody

9. ____planeisalengthwiseplanerunningparalleltothemedianplanebutnotthroughthemidlineanddividingthebodyintounequalleftandright parts

11 More toward the head13 Away from the surface

16. Alivingperson,animal,orplant18 Near the surface19. Closertothemidlineofthebody21. ______planeis a lengthwiseplanerunningthroughmidlineof the

bodyfromfront tobackanddividing bodyintoequal rightandlefthalves

22. Fartherfromthehead23 Nearer to a point of reference24. Fartherfromthemidlineofthebody25 At or near the edge

DOWN

2 At or near the middle 4. ____ plane is a lengthwise plane passing through the body at a

45-degree angle to a sagittal plane or to the median plane5 More toward the front of the body

6. Atthewallofabodycavity 8. _____planeisahorizontalplanepassingthroughthebodyfromfron

tobackanddividingthebodyintoequalupperandlowerparts10. Onthesurface12. Moretowardthebacksideofthebody

3 The scientific study of the functions of an organism that describes howtheorgansworkindependentlyandinrelationtothewholeorganism

15. Aspecialstructurewithinthebodythatisarrangedinanorganizedmanner to perform a specific function

17. Belowthesurface20. Fartherfromapointofreference



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Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________________

1 2

3

4 5 6 7

8

9 10 11

12

13

14 15

16

17

18 19

20

21

22

ACROSS3. Referringtotheheadortotheheadendofastructure4. Agroupoforgansandrelatedstructuresthatworktogethertoperform

a common function8. Curvature that refers to the outer and longer portion of a curved

structure9. Referringtothepalmofthehand13 An organ that must function properly in order for the life of the organism

to continue (2 words)14. Curvature that refers to the inner and shorter portion of a curved

structure

16. Cavity containing the urinary bladder, sex organs, part of the largeintestine,includingthececum,appendix,andrectum

19. Cavity containing the stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, pancreas,mostofthesmallandlargeintestines,kidneys

20.Cavitycontainingthebrainandpituitarygland21.Referringtothesoleofthefoot22 An evaluation of a persons health based on appearance, the persons

feelings and behavior, and the status of indicators of health such astemperature, blood pressure, and body chemistry

DOWN1. Referringtothetailortailendofastructure2. Cavitiescontainingonelungineach4 A medical procedure intended to correct physical defects, repair

injuries, or treat diseases, especially through the use of medicalinstruments

5 Space containing the thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, bronchi, endsof the vena cavae, beginning of the aorta

6. Lyingononeside7. Cavitycontainingtheheart8 Any of various structures within the body that produce specific

chemicals to help with the functions of the body10. Tocreate ina patienta lossofsensation, withorwithouta losso

consciousness; to create a condition of anesthesia in a patient; toadminister an anesthetic

11. Cavitycontainingthespinalcord12 Standing or sitting upright15 Lying down face up17.Resultingindeath18 Lying down on the stomach



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Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________________

1

2 3

4

5

6 7 8

9 10

11 12

13

14

15

ACROSS1 System that provides protection against disease and infection2 System that is involved with reproduction and childbirth

5. Systemthatreceives,breaksdown,andabsorbsfoodsubstancesandexcreteswasteproducts

10. A type ofbody tissue that forms the skeletonof the developingfetus, most of which is converted to bone after birth

13 Systems that function in receiving sensations such as sight, smell,hearing, and taste (2 words)

14 System that serves in removing waste products from the blood andinexcretingwastesintheformofurine

15. System that provides the framework for the body and works toprotect and support the body

DOWN1 System that protects the organism from injury, disease, and

infection; aids in the regulation of temperature, the excretion ofwastes, and the reception of sensations

3. Agroupofreactionsexhibitedbytissuewhenexposedtoirritants;the reactions may include swelling, heat, pain, and other signs ofirritation

4 System that transports materials throughout the body by carryingoxygenandnutrientsinthebloodtoallthecellsofthebodyandcarrying away the waste products of the cells

6. Thepointatwhichtheumbilicalcordjoinedthefetustothemotherswomb during pregnancy; commonly referred to as the navelor bellybutton

7 A part of the body, such as the heart, a bone, a gland, a cell, or alimb

8. System that takes in oxygen from the air and gives off carbondioxide,whichisproducedbycellmetabolism

9 System that provides for body movement and support

11 System that serves to regulate various body functions throughglands that secrete hormones directly into the blood to slow downor increase the activity of the cells

12 System that coordinates body activities by receiving, interpretingand conducting messages to all the other systems of the body



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Crossword Puzzle 4Terms from Objective 14

Name _________________________________________________________ Date __________________

1

2

3

4 5

6

7 8

9

10

11

12

ACROSSSystem that contains

4. Skeletal,smooth,andcardiacmuscles7 Kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra

9. Eyes,ears,nose,tastebuds(2words)11. Mouth,pharynx, esophagus,stomach, large and

small intestines, accessory organs such as thegallbladder and pancreas

12 Ductless glands

DOWNSystem that contains

1. Skin,hair,nails,ductglands 2. Heart,bloodvessels,blood,lymphatictissues 3. Whitebloodcells,antibodies 5. Sexorgansandductstotheoutside

6. Lungs,nose,pharynx,larynx,trachea 8. Brain,spinalcord,peripheralnerves10. Bones,joints,cartilage,connectivetissue



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Answers to Crossword Puzzles 33

Answers to Crossword Puzzles

Crossword Puzzle 1

ACROSS

1. VISCERAL 3. CORONAL

7 ANATOMY 9. SAGITTAL11. SUPERIOR13. DEEP16. ORGANISM18. SUPERFICIAL19. MEDIAL21. MEDIAN

22. INFERIOR23. PROXIMAL24. LATERAL25. PERIPHERAL

DOWN

2. CENTRAL 4. OBLIQUE 5. ANTERIOR 6. PARIETAL 8. TRANSVERSE10. EXTERIOR12. POSTERIOR14. PHYSIOLOGY15. ORGAN17. INTERNAL

20. DISTAL

Crossword Puzzle 2

ACROSS 3. CEPHALIC 4. SYSTEM 8. GREATER

9. PALMAR13. VITALORGAN14. LESSER16. PELVIC19. ABDOMINAL20. CRANIAL21. PLANTAR22. EXAMINATION

DOWN 1. CAUDAL 2. PLEURAL 4. SURGERY

5. MEDIASTINAL 6. LATERAL 7. PERICARDIAL

8 GLAND10. ANESTHETIZE11. SPINAL12. ERECT15. SUPINE17. FATAL18. PRONE



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34 Answers to Crossword Puzzles

Crossword Puzzle 3

ACROSS 1. IMMUNE 2. REPRODUCTIVE 5. DIGESTIVE10. CARTILAGE

13. SPECIALSENSES14. URINARY15. SKELETAL

DOWN 1. INTEGUMENTARY 3. INFLAMMATION 4. CIRCULATORY 6. UMBILICUS

7. STRUCTURE 8. RESPIRATORY 9. MUSCULAR11. ENDOCRINE12. NERVOUS

Crossword Puzzle 4

ACROSS 4. MUSCULAR 7. URINARY

9. SPECIALSENSES11. DIGESTIVE12. ENDOCRINE

DOWN 1. INTEGUMENTARY 2. CIRCULATORY

3. IMMUNE 5. REPRODUCTIVE 6. RESPIRATORY 8. NERVOUS10. SKELETAL



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Module Review 35

Module Review

Name __________________________________________________________________

Date ________________________________ Score __________________________

DIreCtIons Readeachoftheitemsbelow.Fromthechoicesgiven,circletheletterofthemost-correcresponse

Objective6 1. Apersonsittingorstandinguprightisinwhatbodyposition?

a erect

b supine

c prone

d lateral

Objective10 2. Which of the following organs isNOT located in the right upper quadrant of theabdominopelviccavity?

a gallbladder

b. leftkidney

c bile ducts

d most of the liver

Objective13 3. WhichofthefollowingisNOTafunctionofthedigestivesystem?

a receives food substances

b. breaksdownandabsorbsfoodsubstances

c circulates digested nutrients to other parts of the body

d. excreteswasteproducts



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36 Module Review

Objective14 4. Theskin,hair,nails,andductglandsarepartofwhatorgansystem?

a endocrine system

b special senses system

c. specializedsensationsystem

d integumentary system

Objective14 5. Thereproductivesystemincludeswhichofthefollowing?

a. sexorgansandductstotheoutside

b. sexorgansandthealimentarycanal

c ducted and ductless glands

d glands and the urinary system

Objective8 6. Inwhatbodycavityistheliverlocated?

a pleural cavity

b pericardial cavity

c peritoneal cavity

d abdominal cavity

Objective4 7. Whattermisusedforastructurenearthemiddleofaregion?

a central

b peripheral

c superficial

d circumficial

Objective1 8. Physiologyisthescientificstudyofthe______ofanorganism.

a functions

b structure

c purpose

d offspring



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Module Review 37

Objective3 9. The______planeisahorizontalplanepassingthroughthebodyfromfronttobackanddividingthebodyintoequalupperandlowerparts.

a coronal

b median

c sagittal

d transverse

Objective4 10. A______structureisonethatlieswithinabodycavity.

a visceral

b parietal

c central

d peripheral

Objective6 11. Apersonlyingdownonthestomachisinwhatbodyposition?

a erect

b supine

c prone

d lateral

Objective7 12. WhichofthefollowingisNOToneofthegeneralregionsofthebody?

a head

b. trunk

c limbs

d. externalperipherals



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38 Module Review

Objective9 13. Intheillustrationbelow, thequadrantmarkedwithan X iswhich quadrantof theabdominopelviccavity?

a right upper

b left upper

c right lower

d left lower

X

Objective10 14. Which of the following organs is NOT located in the right lower quadrant of theabdominopelviccavity?

a lower descending colon

b lower right ureter

c terminal ileum

d cecum

Objective13 15. Whichoftheorgansystemsprotectstheorganismfrominjury,disease,andinfectionandaidsintheregulationoftemperature,theexcretionofwastes,andthereceptionofsensations?

a endocrine system

b immune system

c urinary system

d integumentary system



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Module Review 39

Objective13 16. WhichofthefollowingisNOTanactivityofthenervoussystem?

a receives messages

b receives sensations

c interprets messages

d conducts messages

Objective14 17. Thekidneys,ureter,bladder,andurethraarepartofwhichorgansystem?

a urinary system

b reproductive system

c digestive system

d endocrine system

Objective4 18. Usingthetrunkasareferencepoint,whichofthesestatementsistrue?

a. Thekneeismoredistalthanthefoot.

b. Thekneeismoreproximalthanthefoot.

c. Thekneeismoremedialthanthefoot.

d. Thekneeismorelateralthanthefoot.

Objective4 19. Whatwouldbethebesttermtodescribeawoundthatbreakstheskinbutdoesnotenterintothemuscletissue?

a. external

b superficial

c distal

d peripheral

Objective1 20. Anatomyisthescientificstudyofthe______ofanorganism.

a functions

b structure

c purpose

d offspring



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40 Module Review

Objective3 21. The ______plane isa lengthwiseplanepassingthrough the bodyata45-degreeangle to a sagittal plane or to the median plane

a midline

b frontal

c. horizontal

d. oblique

Objective4 22. Usingthemidlineoftheheadasareferencepoint,whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect?

a The ears are more distal than the nose

b The ears are more lateral than the nose

c. Bothaandb

d Neither a nor b

Objective6 23. Apersonlyingoneithertherightorleftsideisinwhatbodyposition?

a erect

b supine

c prone

d lateral

Objective8 24. WhichofthefollowingisNOTacorrectstatement?

a The pituitary is in the cranial cavity

b The lungs are in the pleural cavities

c The thymus gland, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi are in the mediastinalspace

d. The urinary bladder, sex organs, cecum, appendix, and rectum are in theabdominal cavity



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Module Review 41

Objective10 25. Which of the following organs is NOT located in the left lower quadrant of theabdominopelviccavity?

a part of the gallbladder

b small intestine

c lower descending colon

d. sexorgans

Objective13 26. Whichofthemajororgansystemsprovidesforbodymovementandsupport?

a. skeletalsystem

b muscular system

c integumentary system

d reproductive system

Objective13 27. Whichorgansystemservesto regulatevariousbody functions throughglandsthasecrete hormones directly into the blood to slow down or increase the activity of thecells?

a endocrine system

b gland system

c secretion system

d hormone system

Objective14 28. WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartoftheskeletalsystem?

a joints

b cartilage

c. skeletalmuscles

d connective tissue

Objective14 29. Whattypeofglandsarefoundintheendocrinesystem?

a salivary

b ducted

c ductless

d sebaceous



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42 Module Review

Objective4 30. WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredananteriorstructure?

a nose

b chest

c. back

d toe

Objective2 31. Anatomicalpositionisapositionofthebodyinwhichaperson______,facingdirectlyforward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, arms hanging down at the sides withthepalmsfacing______.

a stands erect, outward

b stands erect, forward

c is supine, outward

d is supine, forward

Objective3 32. The______planeisalengthwiseplanerunningparalleltothemedianplanebutnotthroughthemidlineanddividingthebodyintounequalleftandrightparts.

a coronal

b median

c sagittal

d transverse

Objective4 33. Mostorgansofthebodycanbedescribedas______.

a internal

b. external

c superficial

d peripheral

Objective6 34. Apersonlyingonthebackfacingupisinwhatbodyposition?

a erect

b supine

c prone

d lateral



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Module Review 43

Objective8 35. Thepericardialcavitycontainsthe______.

a heart

b lungs

c brain

d stomach

Objective10 36. Which of the following organs is NOT located in the left upper quadrant of theabdominopelviccavity?

a spleen

b stomach

c upper ascending colon

d left half of the transverse colon

Objective13 37. Whatisthetermfortheorgansystemthatfunctionsinreceivingspecialsensationssuchassight,smell,hearing,andtaste?

a special sensations system

b special senses system

c circulatory system

d. specializednervoussystem

Objective13 38. Which of the following phrases best describes the function of the respiratorysystem?

a. takesinoxygenfromtheairandgivesoffcarbondioxide,whichisproducedbycell metabolism

b. takesincarbondioxidefromtheairandgivesoffoxygenthatisproducedbycell metabolism

c. transportsmaterialsthroughoutthebodybycarryingoxygenandnutrientsinthe blood to all the cells of the body and carrying away the waste products ofthe cells

d. transports materials throughout the body by carrying carbon dioxide andnutrients in the blood to all the cells of the body and carrying away the wasteproducts of the cells



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44 Module Review

Objective14 39. WhichofthefollowingisNOTpartoftherespiratorysystem?

a nose

b. pharynx

c trachea

d esophagus

Objective14 40. WhichofthefollowingisNOTanorganorstructureinthemuscularsystem?

a smooth muscles

b cardiac muscles

c. skeletalmuscles

d digestive muscles

Objective3 41. The______planeisalengthwiseplanerunningthroughthemidlineofthebodyfromfronttobackanddividingthebodyintoequalrightandlefthalves.

a coronal

b median

c sagittal

d transverse

Objective4 42. Abodypartthatismoretowardtheheadissaidtobe______.

a superior

b inferior

c anterior

d posterior

Objective 5 43 The term greater curvaturereferstothe______.

a point of the shoulder

b protrusion of the hip

c shape of the spine

d longer portion of a curved organ



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Module Review 45

Objective 8 44 The ends of the vena cavae and the beginning of the aorta are contained in the______.

a spinal cavity

b pericardial cavity

c mediastinal space

d cranial cavity

Objective11 45. Whichofthefollowingstatementsistruewithregardtothenineabdominalregions?

a The epigastric region is superior to the umbilical region

b The left iliac region is superior to the left lumbar region

c The right iliac region is superior to the right hypochondriac region

d The hypogastric region is lateral to the left hypochondriac region

Objective14 46. The heart, blood vessels, blood, and lymphatic tissues are part of which organsystem?

a reproductive system

b circulatory system

c integumentary system

d muscular system

Objective5 47. Onwhatpartofthebodywouldaplantarwartbelocated?

a the nose

b. thebackofthehand

c the palm of the hand

d the sole of the foot

Objective3 48. The______planeisalengthwiseplanerunningfromsidetosideanddividingthebodyintofrontandbackparts.

a coronal

b median

c sagittal

d transverse



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46 Module Review

Objective5 49. ______referstothetailortailendofastructure.

a. Cephalic

b. Caudal

c. Palmar

d. Plantar

Objective12 50. Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectsequenceofbodystructuresfromsimplesttomostcomplex?

a cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

b tissue, cell, organ, organ system, organism

c cell, organ, organ system, tissue, organism

d cell, tissue, organ system, organ, organism

*Permission to duplicate this module review is granted.



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Answers to Module Review 47

Answers to Module Review

1 a

2 b3 c4 d5 a

6. d7 a8 a9 d

10. a

11 c

12 d13 b14 a15 d16. b17 a18 b19 b20. b

21 d

22 c23 d24 d25 a26. b27 a28 c29 c30. c

31 b

32 c33 a34 b35 a36. c37 b38 a39 d40. d

41 b

42 a43 d44 c45 a46. b47 d48 a49 b50. a



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A and P Questions

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