A / An – The A/ An is used only with singular countable nouns to talk about things in general. We don't use a/an with uncountable or plural nouns. We can use some instead. A/An is often used after the verbs be and have.

A cat is a domestic animal. (Which cat? Cats in general.) Bring me some milk, please! We can use a/an or the before a singular countable noun to refer to a class of people, animals or things. However, we omit a/an or the before a noun in the plural when it represents a class.

A / The dolphin is a mammal. Also: Dolphins are mammals. Exception: Man is a mammal too. (not: The man)

The is used with singular and plural nouns, countable and uncountable ones, to talk about something specific, or when the noun is mentioned for a second time.

Whose is the van parked in front of our house? (Which van? The one parked in front of our house.) He found a cat in the park. He took the cat home. (The word "cat" is mentioned for a second time.)

The is also used with the words beach, cinema, country(side), ground, jungle, radio, sea, seaside, theatre, world etc. eg. He likes going to the theatre. We usually say "television" without "the". We often watch television, but: Turn on the television (set). We also say : He lives near the sea. but: They are at sea ( = They are sailing.) We normally omit "the" before the words last and next when we talk about a period of time immediately before or after the moment of speaking. He graduated last year. I'll meet you next week. I went to work on Monday but the next day I stayed at home.The is used before:

nouns which are unique, the Earth, the Eiffel Tower names of cinemas (the Rex), hotels (the Sheraton), theatres (the Apollo), museums (the Prado), newspapers/magazines (The Guardian, but: Newsweek), ships (the Marie Celeste), institutions (the RSPCA), galleries (the Tate Gallery) names of rivers (the Seine), seas (the Black Sea), groups of islands/states (the Bahamas, the USA), mountain ranges (the Alps), deserts (the Sahara desert), oceans (the Atlantic), canals (the Suez Canal) and names or nouns with "of" (the Tower of London, the Statue of Liberty). Note: the equator, the North/South Pole, the north of England, the SouthAVest/North/East musical instruments, dances, the piano, the tango names of families (the Browns), nationalities ending in -sh, -ch or -ese (the English, the Dutch, the Japanese). Other plural nationalities are used with or without the (the Greeks, the Italians etc). titles (the Queen, the Prince). "The" is omitted before titles with proper names (Queen Victoria). adjectives used as plural nouns (the poor, the rich, the young, the blind etc) and the superlative degree of adjectives/adverbs (the worst). She's the most beautiful girl in her class. Note: "most" used as a determiner followed by a noun, does not take "the". Most people believe he's a liar. the words station, shop, cinema, pub, library, city, village etc.

She went to the station to see Jim off. morning, afternoon, evening, night.

I ‘ll be at home in the evening, but: at night, at noon, at midnight, by day/night, at 4 o'clock etc.

historical references/events, the Renaissance, the Middle Ages, the First World War (but: World War I ) only, last, first (used as adjectives). He was the last person to come.

The is omitted before: proper nouns. Jim comes from New York. names of sports, games, activities, days, months, holidays, colours, drinks, meals and languages (not followed by the word "language").

She plays squash well. She likes red. We speak English, but: The English language is spoken all over the world.

names of countries (Italy), cities (Rome), streets (Oxford Street, but: the High Street), squares (Trafalgar Square), bridges (Tower Bridge but: the Golden Gate Bridge, the Severn Bridge), parks (Hyde Park), stations (Victoria Station), individual mountains (Everest), islands (Cyprus), lakes (Lake Michigan), continents (Europe) but: the Argentine, the Netherlands, (the) Sudan, the Hague, the Vatican. possessive adjectives. This isn't your bag.

two-word names whose first word is the name of a person or place. Kennedy Airport, Westminster Abbey but: the White House, (because the first word "White" is not the name of a person or place.) pubs, restaurants, shops, banks and hotels which have the name of their founder and end in -s or -'s. Harrods, Lloyds Bank, Emma's pub but: the White Horse (pub) (because "White" is not a name: bed, church, college, court, hospital, prison, school, university, when we refer to the purpose for which they exist.

Tom was sent to prison. (He is a prisoner.) but: His mother went to the prison to see him last week. (Shewent to the prison as a visitor.)

Work (place of work) never takes "the". She's at work.

the words home, father/mother when we talk about our own home/parents. Mother is at home. means of transport: by bus/by car/by train/by plane etc but: in the car, on the bus/train etc. She travelled by plane, but: She left on the 6 o'clock plane yesterday. illnesses. He's got malaria. But we say: flu/the flu, measles/the measles, mumps/the mumps

OOOPS!1 ….- ….wine is not cheap and 2 good wine can cost a lot of moneythese days. So spare 3 thought for Mr Sokolin, 4 New York wine merchant, who recently lost 5 bottle of wine worth £305,000 (or about £50,0006 ……glass!). It was 7 1784 Chateau Margaux which had once belonged to Thomas Jefferson, the third president of America. Mr Sokolin took the bottle to 8 wine tasting and put it on 9 table. The bottle was made of 10 dark glass and a waiter didn't notice it. He hitit with 11 tray, making 12 large hole in it. Most of the wine was lost, but Mr Sokolin was able to taste 13 of it. He said it was 'not very good', but the loss of the bottle was described as '14 terrible tragedy'.

a terrible tragedy!Answer : 1 (-) 2 a/(-) 3 a 4 a 5 a 6a 7a 8a 9 a 10(-) 11 a 12 a 13 some 14 a Write: Put in a, the, or one only where necessary.

HERE'S HEALTH!I think that's all, Mrs Grant,' Dr Grey said as she handed her1 … a …. list ofprescriptions. 2 list was very long and Mrs Grant almost fainted as she tried to read it. She had 3 headache and 4 cold and felt as if she was getting 5 flu. On top of this, one of her children was in bed with 6 mumps. 'I've prescribed some pills for 7 high blood pressure as well,' Dr Grey said. 'How many do I have to take 8 pill 9 day?' 'No. One pill with each meal. Three pills 10 day.' Mrs Grant thanked 11 doctor and walked out of her surgery with some difficulty. She staggered into the local chemist's and handed 12 long prescription list to Mr Burt ,13 chemist. Mr Burt greeted her cheerfully. 'Good morning, Mrs Grant,' he said, glancing at 14 list, 'What a list! I trust you're keeping well!'

I trust you're keeping well!Answer : 1 a 2 The 3 a 4 a 5 (-) 6 (-) 7 (-) 8 one 9 a 10 a 11 the 12 the 13 the 14 theWrite: Put in a or the.

ANCIENT SECRETSMr Denys Stocks,1 ..a….retired policeman, has just been given 2 B.Sc. for twelve years' research into ancient Egyptian industrial methods. Egyptologists have often wondered how 3 Egyptians were able to cut such hard stone and how they produced such fine jewellery. Mr Stocks has shown that 4

Egyptians usedsaws and drills. 5 saws and drills were made of copper, which is very soft. But 6 Egyptian craftsmen turned them into very powerful tools. First 7 craftsman made 8 cut in 9 stone with 10 soft saw. Then 11 craftsman poured sand into 12 cut. 13 hard sand got into 14 teeth of 15 saw and did 16 cutting. In this way, 17 worker could

cut basalt, one of the hardest rocks. 18 sand he used turned into 19 very fine powder.20 powder was then used by jewellers to cut precious

stones and to make delicate jewellery.

An ancient Egyptian drillAnswer: I a 2 a 3 the 4 the 5 The 6 the 7 a/the 8 a 9 a/the 10 a 11 the 12 the 13 The 14 the 15 the 16 the 17 a/the 18 The 19 a 20 The

Write:Put in a/an or the.

SunraycerSUNRAYCERI read recently in 1 ..The.... Times that the big American company, General Motors, has developed 2 vehicle that uses 3 power of 4 sun instead of petrol. 5 vehicle is called Sunraycer. Sunraycer has just taken part in 6 race against 25 solar-powered vehicles. 7 route of 8 race was from Darwin to Adelaide, 9

immense distance. Sunraycer covered 10 distance in 45 hours at 11 average speed of 41 miles 12 hour in temperatures as high as 48°C. It beat all other cars by two and 13 half days! Sunrayce ('ray of the sun' + 'racer') is certainly 14 car of 15 future!Answer: 1 The 2 a 3 the 4 the 5 The 6 a 7 The 8 the 9 an 10 the 11 an 12 an 13 a 14 the 15 theWrite: Supply the or'-'.

1. I like to read newspapers like ....The… Times and ....The ... Washington Post2. I read………… Economist every week and ………Time magazine.3. Do you think……… New Yorker and…………. Punch have much in common?4. We can't be sure about the history of…………… human race, but…………. man developed earlier

than we think, though we certainly weren't around at the time of ………………….dinosaurs.5. I like watching old films. I recently watched………….. Graduate and……… Jaws on video.6. The Ancient Greeks believed in…………. gods. The idea of…………. God was not known to them.7. I've read Homer's………. Odyssey, but I haven't read Joyce's …………..Ulysses.8. ………… United Nations may be a talking shop, but so is…………. Congress.9. ………….. A lot of people object to attempts to bring up………….. Titanic.10. My oldest son joined Navy and now my youngest wants to join………… Army.11. France celebrated the 200th anniversary of…………. French Revolution in 1989.12. In many countries, the head of state is called………… President.13. Do you know who killed………. President Lincoln?14. Because of 'the greenhouse effect' ……………climate of the world is changing.Answer : 1 The Times... The Washington Post 2 The Economist... Time magazine 3 The New Yorker... Punch 4 the human race ... man ... the dinosaurs 5 The Graduate... Jaws 6 the gods ... God 7 (The) Odyssey... Ulysses 8 The United Nations ... Congress 9 the Titanic 10 the Navy ... the Army 11 the French Revolution 12 the President 13 President 14 the climate

Write: Put in a/an, the or'-'.

'inside Tutankhamun's tomb

FOOD FIT FOR A KING!1 …-…. seeds dating from 1325 B.C. have been found at 2 Kew Gardens in 3 London. 'It's 4 exciting discovery,' 5 Professor Arthur Bell,6 Director, said yesterday.7 seeds were found in 30 cardboard boxes by 8 French student, 9 Christian Tutundjian de Vartavan.10 seeds come from 11 tomb of 12 King Tutankhamun. Inside 13 tomb were shawabtis, that is, model human beings who would serve 14 King after 15 death. Inside 16 Tutankhamun's tomb, there was 17 wheat for making 18 bread,19 barley, perhaps for brewing20 beer, and spices like 21

coriander, 22 cumin and 23 sesame, as well as 24 grapes and 25 tropical fruits.26 food had to be,suitable for 27 King's last journey, but it was very tasty, too!Answer : 1 (-) 2 (-) 3 (-) 4 an 5 (-) 6 the 7 The 8 a 9(-) 10 The 11 the 12(-) 13 the 14 the 15(-) 16(-) 17(-) 18(-) 19(-) 20(-) 21 (-) 22(-) 23(-) 24(-) 25(-) 26 The 27 theWrite: Supply the or'-'.

1 I've always understood ..the …. Dark Ages to refer specifically to ..—.... Medieval Europe.2 Ferguson has travelled everywhere from..............................Central Asia to……… Arctic.3 I've been to......Brazil and.......Argentina, but I've never been to...USA.4 I'd love to do a tour of European capitals and visit...................London,..........Paris, and……Vienna5 What's your address? - I live in……… Montague Road, number 27.6 I could never afford to stay at hotels likeBrown's or.......Hilton.7 Karl was born in.....Bavaria, but he now lives in. . .Ohio.8 You can't visit.....London without seeing.....Buckingham Palace.9 I've been climbing in....Alps, but I've never managed to get up. .Mont Blanc.10A lot of people have tried to cross………… Sahara without being properly prepared.11 I'd love to travel down.. .Nile as far as.......Luxor.12There's a splendid view of...Lake Geneva from this hotel.13We had an early dinner at....Leoni's and then went to a play at. . .Globe Theatre.14Go down......Oxford Street till you come to. .Oxford Circus, then turn right.15Do you know the song about. .London Bridge?Answer : 1 the Dark Ages ... Medieval Europe 2 Central Asia ... the Arctic 3 Brazil... Argentina ... the USA 4 London ... Paris ... Vienna 5 Montague Road 6 Brown's ... the Hilton 7 Bavaria ... Ohio 8 London ... Buckingham Palace 9 the Alps ... Mont Blanc 10 the Sahara 11 the Nile ... Luxor 12 Lake Geneva 13 Leoni's ... the Globe Theatre 14 Oxforc Street... Oxford Circus 15 London Bridge

Write: Put in a/an, the or'-'.HIGH FLYERI travel all over1...the... world on business and my neighbour thinks my life is one long holiday. You know what 2 business travel is like: up at 3 dawn to catch 4 plane; 5 breakfast in 6 London, 7

lunch in 8 New York,9 luggage in 10 Bermuda. When you're in 11 sky, you see only snow in 12 Arctic or 13 Greenland. You have glimpses of 14 Andes or 15 Pacific. You're always exhausted. Your wife or husband complains you're never there to take 16 children to 17 school or put them to18

bed. When you get home, your neighbour says, 'Another nice holiday, eh?' Give me Home Sweet Home any day!

Home Sweet Home!

Answer : 1the 2(-) 3(-) 4 a/the 5 (-) 6 (-) 7 (-) 8 (-) 9(-) 10(-) 11 the 12 the 13 (-) 14 the 15 the 16 the 17(-) 18(-)

A , an, the or-(nothing)? ( how work English page 26 and 27 )1 ………..diplomat is………… person who can tell you to go to hell in such a way that you actually look forward to ……………… trip. Caskit Stinnett2 …….dog is …………… only thing on earth that loves you more than you love yourself, josh Billings3 …………Americans like ………… fat books and…………. thin women. Rossell Baker4 ………….accountant is …………….. man who is hired to explain that you didn't make ……….. money you did. Anonymous5 …………actor's ………….guy who, if you ain't talking about him. ain't listening. Attributed to Marlon Brando6 ……………optimist is someone who thinks……… future is uncertain. Anonymous7 ……………death is ………….. nature's way of telling you to slow down. Anonymous8 …………….diplomacy is the art of saying 'nice doggie!' until you can find…………. stone. Wynn Catlin9 ……………equality is …………lie - ………………..women are better. Anonymous

10 …………..birds do it; …………..bees do it; even ………..educated fleas do it. Let's do it. Let's fall in ........ love. Cole Porter11 I always pass on …………….good advice. It is only ……………thing to do with it. It is never any use to oneself. Oscar Wilde12 I love acting. It is so much more real than ………………… life. Oscar Wilde

13 Never put anything on ………….paper, my boy. and never trust ……….. man with ………. small black moustache. P G Wodehouse14 Nothing's illegal if ………………. hundred businessmen decide to do it. and that's true anywhere in …………… world. Andrew Young15 Remember that as ……………….teenager you are at last ……………….stage in your life when you will be happy to hear that ……………… phone is for you. Fran Lebowitz16 Save ………….water, shower with …………….. friend. Anonymous17 ……………. happiest time of anyone's life is just after ……………. first divorce. John Kenneth Galbraith18 Treat………..work of art like ……………. prince: let it speak to you first. Attributed to Arthur Schopenhauer19 When I was …………………. boy of fourteen, my father was so ignorant I could hardly stand to have

………………. old man around. But when I got to be twenty-one, I was astonished at how much he had learned in seven years. Mark Twain

20 When I was born, I was so surprised that I couldn't talk for ………. year and ……… half. Grade Allen21 A banker is …………. man who lends you …………umbrella when ……………….weather is fair, and takes it away from you when it rains. Anonymous22 California is ………………great place-if you happen to be ………………orange. F Allen23 Writing about ……….art is like dancing about ……………… architecture. Anonymous

A , an, the or-(nothing)?1 'One night you'll get me out of …………. bed and it really will be ……………. burglar.’2 ‘ I don't think much of ……………………. wedding photographer.'3 For heaven's sake. Harry! Can't you just relax and enjoy ………….art , ………..music, ……….. religion,

………….literature, ……………drama and …………….. history, without trying to tie it all together."4 'Good morning. Mr. Dolby! It's 5.15a.m., and this is radio station WJRM. If you name ………….. next tune you will win …………ride on………………elephant and ……………….two tickets to…………

rock concert!'

ARTICLES

The’nın kullanıldığı yerler The’nın kullanılmadığı yerler.1. Dünyada tek olan isimler için.

Haven’t you been to the Acropolis yet1. Özel isimler

Paula comes from Canada.

2. Sinema (The Odeon), Otel (the Hilton), Tiyatro (the Rex), Müze (the Prado), gazete (the Times), Gemi (the Queen Mary) isimlerinden once.

2. Spor , aktivite , öğün, renk isimlerinden once.He plays tennis well.She likes blue. Wine isn’t expensive.Lunch is ready.

3. nehir (the Thames), deniz (the Black Sea), takım ada (the Bahamas), sıra dağ (the Alps), çöl (the Gobi desert), okyanus (the Pasific) ve bir yere ait yer isimleri ile ( The Tower of London)

3. Ülke ismi (England), şehir (London), sokak (Bond Street), park (Hyde Park), dağ (Everest), ada (Cyprus), göl (Lake Michigan), kıta (Europe).

4. müzik aletleriCan you play the guitar?

4. sahiplik bildiren eklerle birlikte.This isn’t your coat, it’s Kate’s.

5. çoğul insan, aile isimleriyle; tekil milliyet isimleriyle birlikte.The Smiths, the English, the Dutch etc.

5. kendi anne babamız ve evimizden bahsederken.Father isn’t at home.

6. Özel isim barındırmayan ünvanlarlaThe Queen, the President

6. Özel isim barındıran ünvanlarlaQueen Elizabeth, President Kennedy

7. çoğul gibi kullanılan sıfatlarla (the rich) ve superlative yapılan sıfat ve zarflarla (the best).He is the most intelligent student of all.

7. bed, school, church, hospital, prison ile . Ancak bunların sebebi açıklanıyorsa the kullanılır.John was sent to prison. BUT: His mother went to the prison to visit him last week.

Fill in “ a “ , “ an “ or “ the “ where necessary1)…X..Mr Jones has 2) ……… new office. It has 3 ) ….......desk , 4) ………… telephone and 5) …………. expensive computer.6)………… Mr jones is on 7) ….…..phone now and his secretary is at 8) ……….. computer. 9) ……..….. Mr jones and 10) …………… his secretary are very busy in 11) ……….. office today.

Fill in “ a “ , “ an “ or “ the “ where necessaryThere is 1) ..a.. swing , 2) ………… tree , 3) …….old bicycle , 4) …………cat ,5) ………… angry dog and 6) …………. bird. Sally is on 7) …..…… swing, 8) ……… Tom and 9) ……..….. Pat are in 10) ………….tree 11) …………… angry dog is at 12) ……. Bottom of 13)…..…… tree and 14) ………. Cat is on 15 ) …..……. Branch! The bird is on the seat of 16 ) …………... old bicycle. It’s in the garden. They are not in 17)……………. office today.

Fill in a, an or the where necessary.Dear Gail,

How are you? I want to tell you all about 1) ...the...trip I took to 2).................London recently with my family.We went to 3) ................station very early in 4) ...................morning and got on 5)..................first train which was goingsto London. 6)...................journey was pleasant because wehad 7).............lovely view of 8)...............English countryside.

London is fantastic. We visited 9) ..................... CoventGarden, which is 10)......................area full of lovely shops. Ibought 11) ...................... old necklace which was veryexpensive. We also saw 12)...................Houses of Parliamentand 13).......................Buckingham Palace. We didn't see14)................Queen, though! I bought you 15)........................present too, so I'll give it to you the next time we meet. I hope you had 16)..................enjoyable holiday in Spain.

Love, FionaAnswer : 2 - 7 a 12 i

3 the 8 the 134 the 9 - 14 "5 the 10 an 15 a6 The 11 an 16 in

1. A/An tekil, sayılabilen nesnelerle birlikte kullanılır.An areeoplane is faster than a train.A greengrocer sells vegetables.

2. A/An to be ve to have fiilinden sonra kullanılır genellikle.He is a photographer. He has got a camera.

3. A/An sayılamayan ve çoğul isimlerle birlikte kullanılmaz. Bunlarla birlikte some kullanılır.Would you like some tea? Yes, please! And I’d like some biscuits.

4. The tekil ve çoğul isimlerden önce kullanılır. Sayılabilen veya sayılamayan belli bir şeyden bahsederken veya bir şeyden ikinci kez bahsederken kullanılır.The boy who has just left is my cousin. There is a cat on the sofa. The cat is sleeping.

5. The şu kelimelerle her zaman kullanılır cinema, theatre, radio, country(side), seaside, beach, vb.We go to the beach every Sunday.

6. Hem A/An hem de The tekil, sayılabilen isimlerden once belli bir hayvan veya insan gurubunu belirtmek için kullanılır. A/The dolphin is more intelligent than a/the shark.Dolphins are more intelligent than sharks.