Unit coordinator: Catherine DanksRoom GM 403 Tel: 0161-247-1720 Email: c.j.danks@mmu.ac.uk

Unit code: 416Z0001Unit description:This 30-credit unit examines the international and domestic nature and impact of the superpower rivalry between the USA and USSR following the Second World War. The investigation of the international dimension of the Cold war moves from the breakdown of the wartime alliance through to the collapse of Communism in 1989/1991. Specific topics include: Atomic diplomacy, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, the Korean and Vietnam wars, the crises of 1956, the Cuban missile crisis, the rise of multi-polarity, Peaceful Coexistence and Détente, Arms control, the New (Second) Cold War, Reagan and Reaganism, Gorbachev and his ‘New Thinking’, and explanations for the end of the Cold War.

Teaching arrangements and timetable:

One-hour lecture Friday 9-10One-hour seminar at one of the following timesFriday 10-11 or Friday 11-12

Unit outcomes:

Learning outcomes (LOs) - on successful completion of this unit students will be able to:

1. demonstrate an in-depth knowledge of the major events and key issues of the period.

2. critically assess the limitations and advantages of a range of primary sources and an ability to use those sources to build and support their own arguments.

3. evaluate the differing arguments of historians on key themes and an awareness of the current nature of debates.

4. assess the validity of competing explanations of events and actions.5. synthesise, organise and present complex knowledge and analysis in written

forms, using appropriate historical apparatus and presentational techniques.

Employability and sustainability outcome (E&Ss) - on successful completion of this unit students will be able to:

1. Analyse real world situations critically.2. Communicate effectively using a range of media.3. Find, evaluate, synthesise and use information.

Student feedback: In response to student feedback additional materials have been made available on the Moodle site for the academic year 2019-20.

1

HISTORY COURSEWORK ASSIGNMENT BRIEF 2019-20

Unit title:

Unit code:

Unit coordinator:

The Cold War, 1945-1991.

416Z0001

Catherine Danks

Geoffrey Manton Building Room 403

Tel: 0161-247-1720

email: c.j.danks@mmu.ac.uk

Assignment title & weighting

50% unseen examination (assessing ILOs i-iv)

50% course work portfolio (assessing ILOs i-iv)

Task details and instructions

Course work portfolio, comprising two elements:

(1) A 1,000-word primary source analysis. The primary source may be a document, poster or cartoon)

The primary source should NOT be one from the unit seminar documents handbooks.The primary source MUST be used in the essay, it should be cited in the essay and appear in the bibliography. Please supply full biographical details for your primary source, including the website address (URL). If the primary source is not available online a scan copy MUST be included in the coursework portfolio submitted via turnitin.

Guidelines for writing a primary source analysis are on the pp.41-2 of this handbook.

(2) A 3,000-word essay: the essay should demonstrate a critical understanding of the relevant secondary materials and associated historiography and incorporate relevant primary material.

2

Choose ONE of the following essay questions:

1. Evaluate the importance of ideological difference to the emergence and development of the cold war after WWII.

2. Analyse the causes and consequences of the Sino-Soviet rift in the late 1950s.

3. Explain why and how the USSR sought to create a block of allied countries in East-Central Europe after WWII and during the 1950s. Illustrate your answer with reference to developments in at least one East-Central European country.

4. Do you agree that the USA and the USSR both sought détente in the 1970s due to domestic difficulties that required then both to rethink their approach to international relations? How else might détente be explained?

5. Did the Helsinki Act (Accords) in 1975 mark a profound change in cold war relations? Give reasons for your answer.

6. Orthodox historiography of the Vietnam War claims that it was immoral and unwinnable whereas the Revisionist historiography claims that with greater resolved the USA could have won. Which interpretation do you find the most convincing and why?

7. How useful do you find Fred Halliday’s 5 causal determinants of the new (second) cold war in explaining the deterioration in IS-Soviet relations by the late 1970s?

8. Was the end of the cold war a US victory and a vindication of the policies adopted by President Ronald Reagan? Give reasons for your answer.

These two pieces of assessed course work are submitted together in ONE portfolio document. The portfolio receives one mark.

Please note these questions are taken from the May 2019 unit Examination Paper also that this unit did not run during the academic year 2017-18.

Examination: An unseen two-hour examination. Two questions to be tackled with essay-style answers. The paper is NOT divided into sections. Examination answers, which merely reproduce the lectures and show little or no evidence of further reading will be penalised. Students are advised that material used in one

3

assignment must not be re-used in another. Unless your assignment instructions specify otherwise, this means that you should not write on the same topic in more than one exam question or coursework assignment, either within or between units.

Guidance on length/size of submission

Coursework portfolio:

i. A 1,000-word primary source analysis.(Please supply the URL for your primary source, if unavailable a scan.)

ii. A 3,000-word essay

The maximum word count for coursework includes footnotes but does not include title or bibliography.

Footnotes should be used to provide appropriate and essential reference information, and should be presented according to the History Programme style sheet on pp. 43-7 of this unit handbook. Combined Honours students should note that different disciplines sometimes operate different reference systems, and if you are unsure about how or when to employ footnote references please talk to your personal tutor, your seminar tutor and/or the relevant unit coordinator.

Learning Outcomes tested in this assignment

Unseen examination assessing LOs 1-4 and E&SOs 1 & 2

Course work portfolio assessing LOs 1-4 and E&SOs 1-3

Submission Instructions

Please submit electronically via Turnitin by uploading your file (MS Word or PDF - other file formats, including Word Online, are not supported) to the relevant Tii Assignment Submission Inbox. Where assignments (e.g. portfolios) contain more than one element, always compile the elements into a SINGLE FILE for submission. NB. Your first submission is final, so PLEASE be careful to upload the correct version of your assignment.

Work must be submitted by 23.59 on the day of the deadline. Work submitted after this time will be counted late. We STRONGLY encourage you to submit by 12.00 (midday) of the deadline day, so that support is available from IT Services and the Student Hub should you encounter difficulties.

Plagiarism The Department of History, Politics and Philosophy and the University

4

take plagiarism very seriously and we expect that all written work you submit over the course of your studies is your own. A full statement on the History Programme policy on plagiarism (including a definition) can be found in the Student Handbook, accessible via the BA History Moodle programme area.

Support arrangements

Information about what is required for the assessed coursework portfolio will be discussed in the seminars. One-to-one tutorials are available during staff office hours with your seminar tutor.

A unit overview and revision session, including advice on examination techniques will be held in the Spring term.

Additional sources of support available to History students are detailed in the ‘Sources of Support’ resource at the top of the BA History programme Moodle area: http://moodle.mmu.ac.uk/course/view.php?id=51069

Marking and Moderation Procedure

Tutors assess your work with reference to a set of assessment criteria that are linked to the Unit Learning Outcomes and to the University Standard Descriptors. The assessment criteria can be found on the unit Moodle pages, and on the BA History Moodle page. Details about the University’s assessment regulations are here:

http://www.mmu.ac.uk/academic/casqe/regulations/assessment-regulations.php

Student work is marked and moderated in accordance with University policy. The University is a degree-awarding body, which means that the processes of University examination and moderation are far more intensive than in secondary or further education, so we ask that you are patient in awaiting your grade and feedback, which we will always aim to deliver promptly within the timescale specified by the MMU commitment: four calendar weeks, with the addition of University closure days where the period falls over the Christmas holiday.

Assessment Criteria

The coursework portfolio and unseen examination will be marked using the History marking criteria which are posted to the unit Moodle area and to the BA History Programme area.

5

Feedback Procedure

As part of the Turnitin Assignment service, the return date for marked work is automatically set by MMU systems to 23.59, four weeks from the submission date (adding University closure days over the Christmas period), in keeping with the MMU Commitment (http://www2.mmu.ac.uk/commitment). This will, therefore, be the date on which feedback on written assignments becomes available to students electronically.We provide constructive written feedback on all work submitted through Turnitin. However, you are also encouraged to make an appointment with your tutor to discuss the specific areas in which you can improve.

6

Reading and learning resources.

Reading:You are expected to read around the lecture and seminar topics each week, this includes a weekly document that will be discussed in the seminar and as part of the discussion of that week’s topic. Depending upon your knowledge of the period, you will need to read and thoroughly consult one or more of the introductory or general studies of the Cold War listed below.

Learning resources:

Online resources:Unit Moodle site: including lecture power points, copies of handbooks, links to online materials including documentaries and documents.Academic journal articles and ebooks from MMU library.

Ebooks available from MMU’s library:

E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War , 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017).E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, The Cold War through documents: A Global History, 3rd

edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017).Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002).Melvyn P. Leffler & David S. Painter eds. The Origins of the Cold War (London: Routledge, 2002).Ralph B. Levering, The Cold War: A post-Cold War History, 3rd edn. (West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016 (London: Routledge, 2017).Martin McCauley, Russia, America and the Cold War, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2004). (Includes documents, glossary, maps, chronology and a who’s who).Morton Schwartz, Soviet perceptions of the United States (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1980.Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War (Cambridge: CUP, 2005).David Painter, The Cold War: an international history (London: Routledge, 2002).Paul Dukes, The Superpowers: A Short History (London: Routledge, 2000).Alan P. Dobson and Steve Marsh, US Foreign Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2006).Xiaobing Li, The Cold War in East Asia, (London: Routledge, 2017).

General books on the Cold War available from MMU library:

Odd Arne Westad, The Cold War: A World History (London: Allen Lane, 2018).Richard H. Immerman and Petra Goedde, The Oxford Handbook of the Cold War (Oxford:

7

OUP, 2013).Carole K. Fink, Cold War. An International History (Boulder, Co: Westview Press, 2017).Bridget Kendall, The Cold War: a new oral history of life between East and West (London: BBC Books, 2018).Stephen E. Ambrose and Douglas G. Brinkley, Rise to Globalism, 8th edn. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1997).P. G. Boyle, American-Soviet Relations (London: Routledge, 1993).P. M. H. Bell, The World Since 1945 (London: Hodder Arnold, 2001).David Carlton and Herbert M. Levine, The Cold War Debated (New York: McGraw Hill, 1988).Saki Dockrill (ed.), Advances in Cold War History (London: Palgrave, 2006).Saki Dockrill (ed.), Cold War History (London: Palgrave, 2006).Saki Dockrill and Geraint Hughes Advances in Cold War History (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006).Robert J. McMahon (ed.), The Cold War in the Third World (Oxford: OUP, 2013).Robert D. English, Russia and the Idea of the West (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000).Steven Hurst, Cold War US foreign policy: key perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005).Mary Kaldor, The Imaginary War: Understanding East-West Conflict (Oxford: Blackwells, 1990).Charles Kegley and Eugene R. Wittkopf, World Politics: Trend and Transformation, 9th edn. (Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2003).John Lewis Gaddis, The Cold War (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2007).Caroline Kennedy-Pipe, Russia and the World, 1917-1991 (London: Arnold, 1998).Margot Light, The Soviet Theory of International Relations (Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books, 1988).Bradley Lightbody, The Cold War (London: Routledge, 1999).J. L. Nogee & R. H. Donaldson, Soviet Foreign Policy Since WW2 (Oxford: Pergamon, 1984).Geoffrey Roberts, The Soviet Union in World Politics (London: Routledge, 1999).Vladislav M. Zubok, A Failed Empire: The Soviet Union in the Cold War from Stalin to Gorbachev (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007).John W. Young, Cold War Europe 1945-89: A political history (London: Arnold, 1991).Richard Little & Michael Smith, Perspectives on world politics: a reader (London: Routledge, 1991).

8

Autumn Term

Friday 27th September 2019.Lecture: Wartime allies and conferences.Seminar: Unit introduction.

Background reading for this week:Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.2. ‘The American and Soviet foreign policy traditions.’ (ebook).Melvyn P. Leffler & David S. Painter eds. The Origins of the Cold War (London: Routledge, 2002), ‘Introduction’, pp. 1-14. (ebook).Martin McCauley, The rise and fall of the Soviet Union (Routledge: London, 2013), ch.15. ‘The onset of the Cold War’. (ebook).David Painter, The Cold War: an international history (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.2. ‘The Cold War begins, 1945-90’, pp. 4-30. (ebook).David Reynolds, From World War to Cold War: Churchill, Roosevelt, and the International history of the 1940s (Oxford: OUP, 2006), ch.13. 'Churchill, Roosevelt, and the Stalin enigma, 1941-1945'; ch.14. 'Churchill, Stalin, and the Iron Curtain' & ch.15. 'The 'Big Three' and the Division of Europe, 1945-48'. (ebook).Richard Sakwa, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union 1917-1991 (Routledge: London, 1999), ch.7. ‘The Cold Peace’, pp. 1945-53.Ronald G. Suny, The Soviet Experiment (Oxford: OUP, 1998), ch.15. ‘The Big Chill: The Cold War Begins’.Alan P. Dobson and Steve Marsh, US Foreign Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2006), ch.2. ‘The US and the Cold War: explanation and early containment, 1945-61.’ (ebook).Frank Costigliola, ‘After Roosevelt's Death: Dangerous Emotions, Divisive Discourses, and the Abandoned Alliance’, Diplomatic History, 34 1 (January 2010), pp. 1-23Serhii Plokhy, ’Stalin and Roosevelt’, Diplomatic History, 42 4 September 2018, pp. 525-527.

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:Alan P. Dobson and Steve Marsh, US Foreign Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2006), ch.3. ‘Superpower collaboration and confrontation: US containment policy, 1962-91.’ (ebook).Alan Dobson & Klaus Larres, ‘Churchill’s Cold War: The Search for a Summit Meeting’, Diplomatic History, 29 1 (January 2005), pp. 203-207.Herbert Feis, Between War and Peace. The Potsdam Conference (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1960).Herbert Feis, Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin: The war they waged and the peace they sought, 2nd edn. (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1957).Lloyd C. Gardner, Spheres of Influence: The Partition of Europe, from Munich to Yalta (London: J. Murray, 1993).Mary E. Glantz, FDR and the Soviet Union (Lawrence, KS: Kansas University Press, 2005).Mark Kramer, ‘The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe: Spheres of Influence’ in ed. by Ngaire Woods Explaining International Relations Since 1945 (Oxford: OUP, 1997).

9

Vojtech Mastny, ‘The New History of Cold War Alliances’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 4 2 (Spring 2002), pp. 55-84.Geoffrey Roberts, ‘Research Note. Stalin, the Pact with Nazi Germany and the Origins of Postwar Soviet Diplomatic Historiography’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 4 4 (Fall 2002), pp. 93-103.Geoffrey Roberts, ‘Stalin at the Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam Conferences’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 9 4 (Fall 2007), pp. 6-40.Albert Reiss, ‘Spheres of Influence in Soviet Wartime Diplomacy’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 53 3 (September 1981), pp. 417-439.Ruud Van Dijk and Arnold A. Offner, ‘FORUM: Perspectives on From Roosevelt to Truman’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 10 4 (Fall 2008), pp. 133-141.Odd Arne Westad and Melvyn P. Leffler, The Cambridge history of the Cold War; Volume 1 Origins (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011).

Friday 4th October 2019.Lecture: The nuclear age: dropping the bomb on Japan.Seminar: Identify and explain the points of conflict between the anti-Axis wartime allies.Reading:

Documents: Yalta Conference, February 1945 and Potsdam Conference, July-August 1945.

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.1. ‘The Seeds of Conflict’ & ch.2. ‘Adversaries and allies, 1939-1945.’ (ebook).Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.3. ‘The Second World War and the Struggle for Peace, 1941-46.’ (ebook).David Reynolds, From World War to Cold War. Churchill, Roosevelt, and the International History of the 1940s (Oxford: OUP, 2006), ch.13. ‘Churchill, Roosevelt, and the Stalin enigma, 1941-1945’; ch.14. Churchill, Stalin, and the ‘Iron Curtain’; ch.15. The ‘Big Three’ and the Division of Europe, 1945-48. (ebook).Robert Gellately, Stalin’s Curse. Battling for Communism in war and Cold War (Oxford: OUP, 2013), ch.5. ‘Taking Eastern Europe’. (ebook).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.1. ‘The origins of the Cold War’, pp. 1-11. (ebook).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.2. ’Cold War: 1949-53’, pp. 12-38. (ebook).Ralph B. Levering, The Cold War: A post-Cold War History, 3rd edn. (West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016), ch.1. ‘Downward Spiral during the Truman-Stalin Years, 1945-1953’, pp. 1-18. (ebook)

10

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

Japan and the dropping of the Atomic bomb:Gar Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb (New York: Vintage, 1995).Gar Alperovitz, Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam: The Use of the Atomic Bomb and American Confrontation with Soviet Power, revised edn, (London: Pluto Press, 1994).Herbert Feis, The Atomic Bomb and the end of World War II (Oxford: OUP, 1966).Max Hastings, Nemesis: the battle for Japan, 1944-45 (London: Harper Perennial, 2008).

The Nuclear Age:David Holloway, Stalin and the Bomb: The Soviet Union and Atomic Energy, 1939-1956, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996).David Holloway ch.4. ‘The Soviet Union and the Origins of the Arms Race’, in ed. by Melvin P. Leffler, Melvyn P and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (Loudon: Routledge, 2002), (ebook).Martin J. Sherwin, ch. ‘The Atomic Bomb and the Origins of the Cold War’ in ed. by Melvin P. Leffler and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (Loudon: Routledge, 2002), (ebook).Marc Trachtenberg ch.5. ‘American Policy and the shifting Nuclear Balance’, in ed. by Melvin P. Leffler, Melvyn P and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (Loudon: Routledge, 2002), (ebook).Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.7. ‘The Nuclear Arms Race, 1945-1963.’ (ebook).

Friday 11th October 2019.Lecture: American Superpower and the Atlantic Alliance.Seminar: Was the dropping of nuclear bombs on Japan the first act of the Cold War?Reading:

Document: Statement by President. Press Release, 6 August 1945.

At least one of the following:Robert Gellately, Stalin’s Curse. Battling for Communism in war and Cold War (Oxford: OUP, 2013), ch.8. ‘Stalin and Truman False Starts’ ch.9. ‘Potsdam, the bomb, and Asia’. (ebook).Robert Jervis, ‘Racing the Enemy: Stalin, Truman, and the Surrender of Japan’, Political Science Quarterly, 120 4 (Winter, 2005), pp. 675-676. (Book review).J. Samuel Walker, ‘Recent Literature on Truman’s Atomic Bomb Decision: A Search for Middle Ground’, Diplomatic History, 29 2 (April 2005), pp. 311-334.J. Samuel Walker, ch.2. ‘The decision to use the bomb: a historiographical update’ in Michael J. Hogan, Hiroshima in history and Memory, (Cambridge: CUP, 1996)Li, Xiaobing, The Cold War in East Asia, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.2. ‘The Asian Pacific War – Allied Support, operation, and atomic bombs (1942-1945)’.

11

(ebook).

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

The USA and Europe: The Atlantic Alliance:Alan P. Dobson and Steve Marsh, US Foreign Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2006), ch.1. ‘US foreign policy: evolution, formulation and execution.’ (ebook).L. H. Gann & Peter Duigan, Contemporary Europe and the Atlantic Alliance (Oxford: Blackwell, 1998).David Calleo, Beyond American hegemony (Brighton: Wheatsheaf, 1987).William C. Cromwell, The United States and the European Pillar: The Strained Alliance (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992).Dianne Kirby ‘Divinely Sanctioned: The Anglo-American Cold War Alliance and the Defence of Western Civilization and Christianity, 1945-48’, Journal of Contemporary History, 35 (July 2000), pp. 385-412.

Marshall Aid:Benn Steil, The Marshall Plan: Dawn of the Cold War (Oxford: OUP, 2018), (ebook).Charles S. Maier, ‘The Marshall Plan and the Division of Europe’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 1 (Winter 2005), pp. 168-174.Marc Trachtenberg ‘The Marshall Plan as Tragedy’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 1 (Winter 2005), pp. 135-140.Michael Cox and Caroline Kennedy-Pipe, ‘The Tragedy of American Diplomacy? Rethinking the Marshall Plan’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 1 (Winter 2005), pp. 97-134.Gūnter Bischof, ‘The Advent of Neo-Revisionism’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 1 (Winter 2005, pp. 141-151.László Borhl, ‘Was American Diplomacy Really Tragic?’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 1 (Winter 2005), pp. 159-167.

NATO:Nicholas Henderson, The birth of NATO, (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson 1982).

12

Friday 18th October 2019.Lecture: The Soviet Superpower and East-Central Europe: Confrontation in Europe 1945-1949.Seminar: Was the USA a reluctant superpower?Reading:

Document: David Low cartoon, ‘Your Play, Joe’, 6th April 1949.

[For more information about the cartoonist David Low go to the Spartacus website:http://spartacus-educational.com/Jlow.htm]

At least one of the following:Charles S. Maier ch.8. ‘Hegemony and autonomy within the western alliance’ in ed. by Melvin P. Leffler and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (Loudon: Routledge, 2002), (ebook).Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.2. ‘The American and Soviet foreign policy traditions.’ pp. 15-24. (ebook).Martin McCauley, Russia, America and the Cold War, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2004) Part One. ‘Context’, pp. 1-32 & Part Two. ‘Analysis’, pp. 33-102. (ebook).‘Introduction’, pp. 1-14 & ch.1. ‘National Security and US Foreign Policy’ in ed. by Melvin P. Leffler, Melvyn P and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (Loudon: Routledge, 2002), (ebook).David Reynolds ch.6. ‘The European Dimension of the Cold War’ in ed. By Melvin P. Leffler and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (London:

13

Routledge, 2002), (ebook).John Dumbrell, Special Relationship: Anglo-American Relations from the Cold War to Iraq (London: Palgrave, 2005), ch.1. ‘Transatlantic Attitudes’, pp. 19-48 & ch.2. ‘The House that Jack and Mac Built.’ pp. 49-74. (ebook).Alan P. Dobson and Steve Marsh, US Foreign Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2006), ch.4. ‘Economic statecraft’; ch.5. ‘The US and Europe, 1950-89: beware your allies?’ & ch.6. ‘Hegemony and the Western Hemisphere.’ (ebook).Kevin Grimm, America enters the Cold War, the road to global commitment, 1945-1950 (London: Routledge, 2017).

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:Ralph B. Levering, The Cold War: A post-Cold War History, 3rd edn. (West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016), ch.2. ‘The Institutionalized Cold War, 1953-1962’ pp. 58-110. (ebook)Caroline Kennedy-Pipe, Stalin’s Cold War: Soviet Strategies in Europe, 1943 to 1956 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1995).Frank Costigliola, ‘After Roosevelt’s Death: Dangerous Emotions, Divisive Discourses, and the Abandoned Alliance’, Diplomatic History, 34 1 (January 2010), pp. 1-23.J. G. Hershberg, ‘Where the Buck Stopped: Harry S. Truman and the Cold War’, Diplomatic History, 27 5 (November 2003), pp. 735-739.Dennis Merrill, ‘The Truman Doctrine: Containing Communism and Modernity’, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 36 1 (March 2006), pp. 27-37.A. Offner, ‘Another Such Victory: President Truman, American Foreign Policy, and the Cold War’, Diplomatic History, 23 2 (January 1999), pp. 127-155.Geoffrey Roberts, ‘Litvinov’s Lost Peace, 1941-1946’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 4 2 (Spring 2002), pp. 23-54.Marc Trachtenberg, ‘The United States and Eastern Europe in 1945. A Reassessment’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 10 4 (Fall 2008), pp.94-132.Adam Ulam, ‘A few Unresolved Mysteries about Stalin and the Cold War in Europe. A Modest research agenda’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 1 1 (Winter 1999), pp. 110-16.The Soviet Union in Eastern Europe, 1945-89, ed. by Odd Arne Westad; Sven Holtsmark andIver B. Neumann (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994).Reviewing the Cold War: Approach, Interpretations, Theory, ed. by Odd Arne Westad (London: Frank Cass, 2000).

Overviews of European history:Tony Judt, Post war: A history of Europe since 1945 (London: Vintage, 2010).Mark Mazower, Dark continent: Europe’s twentieth century (London: Allen Lane, 1998).Robert Bideleux & Ian Jeffries, A history of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change (London: Routledge, 1998).Ben Fowkes, Eastern Europe 1945-1969: From Stalinism to Stagnation (Harlow: Longman, 2000).Ben Fowkes, The Rise and Fall Communism in Eastern Europe, 2nd edn. (London: Macmillan, 1995).

14

Friday 25th October 2019.Lecture: The Orthodox and Revisionist perspectives on the Cold War.Seminar: Did the USSR’s actions in East-Central Europe after WWII break the Yalta and Potsdam Treaties?Reading:Document: Churchill’s Sinews of Peace (Iron Curtain) Speech & Stalin’s reply.

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and better peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.3. ‘The Formation of the Communist Bloc, 1944-1948.’ & ch.5. ‘The Battle for Germany, 1948-1952.’ (ebook).Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.2. ‘The American and Soviet foreign policy traditions.’ pp. 25-36; ch.4. ‘The Cold War in Europe, 1947-1953’ & ch.6. ‘Peaceful Coexistence and irreconcilable conflict, 1953-1964.’ (ebook).Charles Gati, ch.9. Hegemony and Repression in the Eastern alliance’, in ed. by Melvin P. Leffler and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (Loudon: Routledge, 2002), (ebook).Michael MacGwire, ch.2. ‘National Security and Soviet Foreign Policy’ in ed. by Melvin P. Leffler, Melvyn P and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (London: Routledge, 2002), (ebook).David Reynolds, From World War to Cold War: Churchilll, Roosevelt, and the international history of the 1940s, (Oxford: OUP, 2006) (ebook) ch.14. 'Churchill, Stalin, and the Iron Curtain'Peters Svik, ‘The Czechoslovak Factor in Western Alliance Building, 1945–1948’, Journal of Cold War Studies Winter, 18 1 (Winter 2016), pp. 133–160.Nikos, Marantzidis, ‘The Greek Civil War (1944–1949) and the International Communist System’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 15 4 (Fall 2013), pp. 25–54.Vojtech Mastny, Russia’s Road to the Cold War (New York, Columbia University Press, 1979).Patryk Babiracki, ‘Between Compromise and Distrust. The Soviet Information Bureau's Operations in Poland, 1945–53’, Cultural and Social History 6 3 (2009), pp. 345-367.

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:David Painter, The Cold War: an international history (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.3. Competition and Coexistence, 1950-1962’, pp. 31-55. (ebook).

The Orthodox perspective:F. Joseph Dresen (ed.) ‘Reflections on George F.  Kennan: Scholar and Policymaker’. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars; Kennan Institute Occasional Paper Series #300, 2008.Robert Frazier, ‘Kennan, “Universalism,” and the Truman Doctrine’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 11 2 (Spring 2009), pp. 3-34.

15

Alexander Dallin, ‘America Through Soviet Eyes’, The Public Opinion Quarterly, 11 1 (Spring 1947), pp. 26-39.Herbert Feis, From Trust to Terror: The Onset of the Cold War, 1945-50 (New York: W. W. Norton, 1970).Mark Kramer (ed.), ‘FORUM: George F. Kennan and the Cold War: Perspectives on John Gaddis's Biography (collection of articles), Journal of Cold War Studies, 15 4 (Fall 2013), pp. 153-245.John Lewis Gaddis, The Cold War (London: Allen Lane, 2006).John Lewis Gaddis, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History (Oxford: Clarendon, 1997).Louis Halle, The Cold War as History (London: Chatto & Windus, 1967).David Rees, The Age of Containment: The Cold War 1945-1965 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1967).George Kennan, ‘The Sources of Soviet Conduct’, in The Cold War: A Study in U.S. Foreign Policy, Walter Lippmann (New York: Harper Row, 1947).Scott Lucas & Kaeten Mistry, ‘Illusions of Coherence: George F. Kennan, U.S. Strategy and Political Warfare in the Early Cold War, 1946-1950’, Diplomatic History, 33 1 (January 2009), pp. 39-66.George Kennan, American Diplomacy, 1900-1950 (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1970).Vojtech Mastny, Russia’s Road to the Cold War (New York, Columbia University Press, 1979).Arthur Schlesinger, ‘Origins of the Cold War’, Foreign Affairs, 46 1 (October 1967), pp. 22-52William Taubman, Stalin’s America Policy (New York: W. W. Norton, 1982).Adam B. Ulam, ‘Soviet Ideology and Soviet Foreign Policy’, World Politics, 11 2 (January 1959), pp. 153-172.Adam Ulam, Expansion and Coexistence, 2nd edn. (New York: Holt Rinehart & Winston, 1973).Albert L. Weeks, Myths of the Cold War: Amending historiographic distortions, (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2014) ebook.Paul E. Zinner, ‘The Ideological Bases of Soviet Foreign Policy’, World Politics, 4 4 (July 1952), pp. 488-511.

The Revisionist perspective:Robert Maddox, The New Left and the Origins of the Cold War (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1973).Gar Alperovitz, Atomic Diplomacy: Hiroshima and Potsdam: The Use of the Atomic Bomb and American Confrontation with Soviet Power (London: Pluto Press, 1994).Politics and Policies of the Truman Administration, ed. by Barton Bernstein (Chicago, Quadrangle, 1970).Denna Fleming, The Cold War and its Origins 1917-1960 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1961).Lloyd Gardner, A covenant with power: America and the World Order from Wilson to Reagan (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1984).Redefining the past: Essays in diplomatic history in honor of William Appleman Williams, ed. by Lloyd Gardner (Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Press, 1986).David Horowitz, The Free World Colossus: A Critique of American Foreign Policy in the Cold War (New York: Hill and Wang, 1971).

16

David Horowitz, Corporations and the Cold War (London, New York: Monthly Review Press, 1969).David Horowitz, From Yalta to Vietnam: American Foreign Policy in the Cold War Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965).Gabriel Kolko, Politics of War (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969).Joyce Kolko & Gabriel Kolko, The Limits of Power (New York: Harper & Row, 1972).Walter LeFeber, America, Russia and the Cold War 1945-1980 (New York: Chichester, 1980).Thomas McCormick, America's Half Century, 2nd edn. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995).Melvyn Leffler, ‘Interpretative Wars over the Cold War, 1945-60’, in American Foreign Relations Reconsidered, 1890-1993, ed. by Gordon Martel (London: Routledge, 1994).Walter Lippmann, The Cold War: A Study in U.S. Foreign Policy (New York: Harper Row, 1947).William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy (London: W. W. Norton, 1991).

Friday 1st November 2019.Employability week - tutorials.

Friday 8th November 2019.Lecture: The Post Revisionist and Realist perspectives on the Cold War.Seminar: Discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the Orthodox and Revisionist perspectives of the Cold War.Reading:Document: Kennan’s Long telegram, 22 February 1946.

At least one of the following:Wilson D. Miscamble, ‘Review: Revisionism Revived’, Reviewed Work: Another Such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945-1953 by Arnold A. Offner, The Review of Politics, 65 2 (Spring 2003), pp. 304-306.Daniel Yergin, Shattered peace: the origins of the cold war and the national security state (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977).Leffler, Melvyn P. and David S. Painter, Origins of the Cold War: An International History (London: Routledge, 2002). (ebook).Curt Cardwell, NSC 68 and the Political Economy of the Early Cold War, (Cambridge: CUP, 2015). (ebook).Ken Young, ‘Revisiting NSC 68 ‘, Journal of Cold War Studies, 15 1 (Winter 2013) pp. 3-33.Bogdan Antoniu, ‘The Origins of the Cold War: A Historiographical Review’, Euro-Atlantic Studies, 3 (2000), pp. 34-46.Frank Costigliola, ‘Roosevelt/Kennan and Stalin’. Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp. 528-531

17

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

Realism and the Realist perspective on the Cold War:J. Alan, ‘The Realism of Realism; the State and the Study of International Relations’, Review of International Studies, 15 3 (July 1989), pp. 215-229.William Bain, ‘Deconfusing Morgenthau: Moral Inquiry and Classical Realism Reconsidered’, Review of international Studies, 26 3 (2000), pp. 445-64.Stephen G. Brooks, ‘Dueling Realisms (Realism in International Relations)’, International Organization, 51 3 (Summer 1997), pp. 445-477.Michael D. Donelan, Elements of International Political Theory (Oxford: Clarendon, 1990).The Cold War 1945-1991, ed. by Benjamin Frankel (London, Detroit: Gale Research, 1992).P. Gellman, ‘Hans J. Morgenthau and the legacy of Political Realism’, Review of International Studies, 14 4 (October 1988), pp. 247-66.Norman A. Graebner, America as a world power: Essays. A Realist appraisal from Wilson to Reagan, (Wilmington, Del: Scholarly Resources, 1984).The Cold War: A Conflict of Ideology and Power ed. by Norman A. Graebner (Lexington, Mass: Heath, 1976).Kenneth N. Waltz, (1979) Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979).Kenneth N. Waltz, ‘Realist Thought and Realist Theory’, Journal of International Affairs, 44 1 (1990), pp. 21-38.Alexander Wendt, ‘Anarchy is what states make of it: the social construction of power politics’, International Organization, 46 2 (1992), pp. 391-425.Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999).

Post-revisionist perspective:John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment (Oxford: OUP, 1982).John Lewis Gaddis, Containment: Documents on American Policy and Strategy, 1945-1950 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1978).John Lewis Gaddis, ‘Containment: A Reassessment’, Foreign Affairs, 56 2 (1978), pp. 430-441.John Lewis Gaddis, The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941-1947 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1972).Howard Jones et al, ‘The Origins of the Cold War; A Symposium’, Diplomatic History, 17 2 (Spring 1993), pp. 251-3.Melvyn P. Leffler, ‘Was the Cold War Necessary?’, Diplomatic History, 15 2 (Spring 1991), pp. 265-75.Melvyn P. Leffler, A Preponderance of power: National Security, the Truman Administration and the Cold War (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1992).Melvyn P. Leffler, (1986) ‘Adherence to Agreements: Yalta and the Experiences of the Early Cold War’, International Security, 11 1 (Summer 1986), pp. 88-123.Melvyn P. Leffler, ‘Inside Enemy Archives: The Cold War Reopened’, Foreign Affairs, 75 4 (July-August 1996), pp. 120-35.Origins of the Cold War: An International, ed. by Melvyn P. Leffler and David S. Painter History (London: Routledge, 2005).Cold War Critics: Alternatives to American Foreign Policy in the Truman Years , ed. by

18

Thomas G. Paterson (Chicago: Quadrangle Books, 1971).The Origins of the Cold War, ed. by Thomas G. Paterson and Michael J. Hogan (Lexington, Mass: D. C. Heath, 1991).Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. by Thomas G. Paterson and Michael J. Hogan, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: CUP, 2004).Robert Pollard, Economic Security and the Origins of the Cold War, 1945-1950 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985).William Wolhforth, ‘New Evidence on Moscow’s Cold War’, Diplomatic History, 21 2 (Spring 1997), pp. 229-242.Overview:Nigel Gould-Davies, ‘Rethinking the Role of Ideology in International Politics During the Cold War’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 1 1 (Winter 1999), pp. 90-109.

Friday 15th November 2019.Lecture: Korean War, 1950—53 and its aftermath.Seminar: Discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the Post-Revisionist and Realist perspectives of the Cold War.Reading:Document: Truman Doctrine, 12 March 1947.

At least one of the following:Scott Gilfillan, We Now Know: Rethinking Cold War History: Rethinking Cold War History (Macat Library, 2017). (ebook).Douglas J. Macdonald, ‘Communist Bloc Expansion in the Early Cold War: Challenging Realism, Refuting Revisionism’, International Security, 20 3 (Winter 1995-1996), pp. 152 -188.Kenneth N. Waltz, (1979) Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979).Kenneth N. Waltz, ‘Realist Thought and Realist Theory’, Journal of International Affairs, 44 1 (1990), pp. 21-38.Daniel Yergin, Shattered Peace: The Origins of the Cold War and the National Security State (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1977).John Lewis Gaddis, The Long Peace: Enquiries into the history of the Cold War (Oxford: OUP, 1987).Deborah Welch Larson, ‘The Origins of Commitment. Truman and West Berlin’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 13 1 (Winter 2011), pp. 180-212. (Realism)William C. Wohlforth, ‘New Evidence of Moscow’s Cold War: Ambiguity in search of a theory’, Diplomatic History, 21 2 (1997), pp. 229-242.

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

Eisenhower and NSC-68:Steven Casey, ‘Selling NSC-68: The Truman Administration, Public Opinion, and the Politics of Mobilization, 1950-51’, Diplomatic History, 29 4 (September 2005), pp. 655-690.Ken Young, ‘Revisiting NSC 68’ Journal of Cold War Studies, 15 1 (January 2013),

19

pp. 3–33.Adam Cathcart & Charles Kraus, ‘The Bonds of Brotherhood. New Evidence on Sino-North Korean Exchanges, 1950-1954’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 13 3 (Summer 2011), pp. 27-51.Saki Dockrill, Eisenhower’s new-look national security policy, 1953-61 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996).Gary Donaldson, America at war since 1945 (London: Praeger, 1996).Beatrice Heuser, ‘NSC 68 and the Soviet Threat: a new perspective on Western threat perception and policy making’, Review of International Studies, 17 (1991), pp. 17-40.Michael Cox, ‘Western intelligence, the soviet threat and NSC-68: a reply to Beatrice Heuser’, Review of International Studies, 18 1 (1992), pp. 75-83.Beatrice Heuser,’A rejoinder to Michael Cox’, Review of International Studies, 18 1 (1992), pp. 85-86.Luke Fletcher, ‘The Collapse of the Western World: Acheson, Nitze, and the NSC 68/Rearmament Decision’, Diplomatic History, 40 4 (September 2016), pp. 750–777.

Korean War:Michael Gordon Jackson, ‘Beyond Brinkmanship: Eisenhower, Nuclear War Fighting, and Korea, 1953-1968’, Presidential Studies Quarterly, 35 1 (March 2005), pp. 52-75.R. Jervis, ‘The impact of the Korean War on the Cold War’, The Journal of Conflict Resolution, 4 (1980), pp. 563-592.B. I. Kaufman, ‘Domestic Impact of the Korean War’, Diplomatic History, 25 3 (Summer 2001), pp. 507-509.Steven Lee, The Korean War, 1950-54 (Harlow: Longman, 2001). Seminar Series in HistorySteven Hugh Lee, The Outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia 1949-54 (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1995).Stephen H. Lee, The Korean War (Harlow: Longman, 2001).Peter Lowe, ‘The Korean War’, English Historical Review, 117 474 (November 2002), pp. 1387-1388.Peter Lowe, The Origins of the Korean War, 2nd edn. (London: Longman, 1997).Michael M. Sheng, ‘Mao, Tibet, and the Korean war’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 8 3 (Summer 2006), pp. 15-33.William W. Stueck, The road to confrontation: American policy toward China and Korea, 1947-1950 (Chapel Hill: North Carolina Press, 1981).William Stueck, ‘The United Nations, the Security Council, and the Korean War’ in his The United Nations Security Council and War; The evolution of thought and practice since 1945 (Oxford: OUP, 2008).Adam Cathcart and Charles Kraus, ‘The Bonds of Brotherhood: New Evidence on Sino-North Korean Exchanges, 1950–1954’ Journal of Cold War Studies, 13 3 (Summer 2011), pp. 27–51.

Friday 22nd November 2019.Lecture: China – from Revolution to Sino-Soviet split.

20

Seminar: Was the Korean War an example of Soviet expansionism? How else might it be explained?Reading:

Document: National Intelligence Estimate, NIE-15, "Probable Soviet Moves to Exploit the Present Situation," 11 December 1950 [On Korea].

Seminar reading at least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.6. ‘The Cold War’s Origins in Asia, 1945-1954’ & ch.7. ‘The Conflict over Korea, 1950-1953’. (ebook).Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.5. ‘The Far Eastern Dimension’.Xiaobing Li, The Cold War in East Asia (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.6. ‘The Korean War (1950-1953)’. (ebook).Wada Haruki, The Korean War: An International History (Lanham, MD.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017). (ebook).Scott Gilfillan, We Now know: Rethinking Cold War History (Macatt Library, 2017) (ebook).Kathryn Weathersby, ‘Soviet Aims in Korea and the Origins of the Korean War, 1945-1950: New Evidence from Russian Archives’ Working Paper no. 8, Cold War International History Project, Working Paper, no.8 (July 7 2011). (esource).Kathryn Weathersby, ‘New Russian Documents on the Korean War. Introduction and Translations’, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 6/7 (July 7, 2011). (esource).Kathryn Weathersby, ‘Introduction. New Evidence on North Korea’, Cold War International History Project Bulletin, 14.15 (July 7, 2011). (esource).William Stueck, ‘Cold War Revisionism and the Origins of the Korean Conflict: The Kolko Thesis’, Pacific Historical Review 42 4 (Nov 1973), pp. 537-560.Shen Zhihua, ‘Sino-Soviet Relations and the Origins of the Korean War: Stalin’s Strategic Goals in the Far East’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 2 2 (Spring 2000), pp. 44-68.Alan P. Dobson and Steve Marsh, US Foreign Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2006), ch.7. ‘The US and Asia, 1945-89.’ (ebook).

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

Sino-Soviet Split:B. E. Shinde, ‘Mao Tse-Tung and the Development of the Sino-Soviet Rift’, China Report, 13 4 (1977), pp. 34-51.Michael M. Sheng, ‘Mao and China’s Relations with the Superpowers in the 1950s: A New Look at the Taiwan Strait Crises and the Sino-Soviet Split’, Modern China, 34 4 (OctoberDavid Wolff, ‘Japan and Stalin’s Policy towards Northeast Asia after World War II’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 15 2 (Spring 2013), pp. 4–29.B. E. Shinde, ‘Mao Tse-Tung and the Development of the Sino-Soviet Rift’, China

21

Report, 13 4 (1977), pp. 34-51.Michael Sheng, Qiang Zhai, Deborah Kaple, ‘Forum: Reassessing How the Sino-Soviet Split Unfolded’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 14 1 (Winter 2012), pp. 96–106 and Reply, pp. 107-110.

Friday 29th November 2019.Lecture: Revolt in East-Central Europe, 1950s.Seminar: Explain the Sino-Soviet split of the late 1950s and speculate about its impact on the further development of the cold war.Reading:

Document: Herbert Block cartoon, Washington Post, 24th June 1964.

[For further information go to, ‘Nikita Khrushchev and Mao Zedong with hammer and sickle’, Library of Congress website, http://www.loc.gov]

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the

22

Cold War, 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.6. ‘The Cold War’s Origin’s in Asia, 1946-1954.’Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.5. ‘The Sino-Soviet schism’, pp. 89-112. (ebook).Alan P. Dobson and Steve Marsh, US Foreign Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2006), ch.7. ‘The US and Asia, 1945-89.’ (ebook).Xiaobing Li, The Cold War in East Asia (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.4. ‘The Nationalists vs the Communists in China’, & ch.5. ‘The People’s Republic of China and Taiwan (1949-1957)’. (ebook).B. E. Shinde, ‘Mao Tse-Tung and the Development of the Sino-Soviet Rift’, China Report, 13 4 (1977), pp. 34-51.Michael Sheng, Qiang Zhai, Deborah Kaple, ‘Forum: Reassessing How the Sino-Soviet Split Unfolded’, Journal of Cold War Studies 14 1 (Winter 2012), pp. 96–106 and Reply, pp. 107-110.

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

General books on East-Central Europe:Anne Applebaum, Iron Curtain: the crushing of Eastern Europe 1944-56 (London: Penguin Books, 2013).Michael Gehler, ‘From Non-alignment to Neutrality. Austria’s Transformation during the First East-West Détente, 1953-1958’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 4 (Fall 2005), pp. 104-136.Misha Glenny, The Rebirth of History (Harmondsworth; Penguin, 1990).Chris Harman, Class Struggles in Eastern Europe 1945-83 (London: Bookmarks, 1988).Evanthis Hatzivassiliou, ‘Ages of the adversary. NATO Assessments of the Soviet Union 1953-1964’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 11 2 (Spring 2009), pp. 89-116.Ronald Kowalski, European Communism (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2006).Joni Lovenduski, Politics and Society in Eastern Europe (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1987).

Hungary, 1956:Geoffrey Swain, Eastern Europe since 1945 (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993).R. Pearson, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2002).Odd Arne Westad (ed.) The Soviet Union in Eastern Europe, 1945-89, (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994).

Friday 6th December 2019.Lecture: Berlin Wall to Prague Spring.Seminar: Discussion of the impact of Stalin’s death on the Soviet Block.Reading:

Document: Friendship and Cooperation between the Soviet Union and

23

Other Socialist States, 30 October 1956.

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.8. ’New leaders and New Realities, 1953-1959.’ (ebook).László Borhi, ‘Rollback, Liberation, Containment, or Inaction? U.S. Policy and Eastern Europe in the 1950s’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 1 3 (Fall 1999), pp. 67-110.Mark Pittaway, ‘A home front in the Cold War: Hungary, 1948–1989’ History in Focus Website (London: Institute of Historical Research) (Spring 2006).Patrick Major, ‘The Berlin Wall crisis: the view from below’ History in Focus Website, (London: Institute of Historical Research) (Spring 2006).

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

Kennedy and Khrushchev:Timothy Naftali, ‘Khrushchev and Kennedy’, Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp. 532-534.Deborah Welsh Larson, ‘Kennedy and Khrushchev’, Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp. 536-539.The Berlin crisis:Stelzl-Marx, Barbara; Bischof, Gunter; Karner, Stefan eds. The Vienna summit and its importance in international history, (Lanham, MD: Lexington Books, The Harvard War Studies Series, 2013). ch.18. ‘Khrushchev, the Berlin Wall, and the Demand for a Peace Treaty, 1962-1963’ & ch.19. ‘The Vienna Summit and the Construction of the Berlin Wall’. (ebook).Elizabeth Barker, ‘The Berlin Crisis 1958-1962’, International Affairs, 39 1 (January 1963), pp. 59-73.Lawrence Freedman, Kennedy’s Wars Berlin, Cuba, Laos and Vietnam (Oxford: OUP, 2000).Petr Lunák, ‘Khrushchev and the Berlin Crisis: Soviet Brinkmanship Seen from Inside’, Cold War History, 13 2 (January 2003), pp. 53-82.Patrick Major, Behind the Berlin Wall (Oxford: OUP, 2010).William Taubman, Khrushchev. The Man and his Era (W. W. Norton: New York, 2004), ch.15. ‘The Berlin Crisis and the American Trip: 1958-1959’ & ch.16. ‘From the U-2 to the UN Shoe: April-September 1960’.Prague Spring, 1968:A. Ross Johnson, Michael Kraus, Vojtech Mastny, ‘Review Forum Reassessing the Soviet-Czechoslovak Crisis of 1968’ Journal of Cold War Studies, 14 4 (Fall 2012), pp. 216–223.Karen Dawisha & P. Hanson, Soviet-East European Dilemmas (London: Heineman, 1981).Maria Dowling, Czechoslovakia (London: Hodder & Arnold, 2002).Jacques Rupnik, ‘Prague Spring: Roots and Reasons’, Problems of Communism, 20 3 (May-June 1971), pp. 1-21.John G. McGinn, ‘The Politics of Collective Inaction. NATO’s Response to the

24

Prague Spring’ Journal of Cold War Studies, 1 3 (Fall 1999), pp. 111-138.From the 1970s:Alex Nove, The Eastern European economies in the 1970s (London: Butterworths, 1982).J. C. Brada, ‘Interpreting Soviet Subsidization of Eastern Europe’, International Organization, 42 4 (Autumn 1988), pp. 641-658.Charles Gati, ‘Soviet Empire: Alive but not well’, Problems of Communism, 34 1 (January-February 1986), pp. 39-53.J. Drewnowski, Crisis in East European Economy (London: Croom Helm, 1982).Jacques Rupnik, The Other Europe (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1988).

13th December 2019.Individual tutorials. Please email your seminar tutor to arrange an appointment as required.

25

Spring Term

17th January 2020.Lecture: The Cuban missile Crisis.Seminar: Was the USSR in control of its satellite countries in East-Central Europe in the 1960s-1970s?Reading:Document: Brezhnev conversation with Dubček, 13 August 1968.

At least one of the following:Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.8. ‘The Prague Spring’, pp. 134-137. (ebook).E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch. 8.P. Lunák, ‘Khrushchev and the Berlin Crisis: Soviet Brinkmanship Seen from Inside’, Cold War History, 13 2 (January 2003), pp. 53-82.Vojtech Mastny, ‘Was 1968 a strategic watershed in the Cold War?’, Diplomatic History, 29 9 (January 2005), pp.149-177.A.Ross, Michael Kraus, Vojtech Mastny, ‘Review Forum Reassessing the Soviet-Czechoslovak Crisis of 1968’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 14 4 (Fall 2012), pp. 216–223.Barbara Stelzl-Marx; Gunter Bischof & Stefan Karner, eds. The Vienna summit and its importance in international history (Lanham: Lexington Books, The Harvard War Studies Series, 2013), ch.18. ‘Khrushchev, the Berlin Wall, and the Demand for a Peace Treaty, 1962-1963’ & ch.19. ‘The Vienna Summit and the Construction of the Berlin Wall’. (ebook).

Further reading on lecture topic and for essays:

Background:Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War. Third Word Interventions and the Making of our Time (Cambridge: CUP, 2005), ch.5. ‘The Cuban and Vietnamese Challenges’, pp. 158-206. (ebook).Patrick Glenn and Bryan Gibson, The global Cold War: third world interventions and the making of our times. An analysis of Odd Arne Westad’s the Global Cold War, (London: Taylor and Francis, 2017). (ebook).Alessandro Iandolo, ‘Beyond the Shoe: Rethinking Khrushchev at the Fifteenth Session of the United Nations General Assembly’, Diplomatic History, 41 1 (January 2017), pp. 128–154.Gunter Bischof; Barbara Stelzl-Marx and Stefan Karner (eds.) The Vienna summit and its importance in international history (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016). (ebook).

Historiography:Mark White, ‘Fifty Years on. The Cuban Missile Crisis Revisited and Reinterpreted’.

26

Institute for the Study of the Americas. University of London. Lecture Series Paper No.9 (2000).M. J. White, ‘New Scholarship on the Cuban Missile Crisis’, Diplomatic History, 26 1 (Winter 2002), pp. 147-153.M. J. White, ‘Revisiting the Cuban Missile Crisis’, Diplomatic History, 23 2 (January 1999), pp. 565-570.Raymond L. Garthoff, ‘Foreign Intelligence and the Historiography of the Cold War’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 6 2 (Spring 2004), pp.21-56.B. Kuklick, ‘Reconsidering the Missile Crisis and Its Interpretation’, Diplomatic History, 25 3 (Summer 2001), pp. 517-523.Renata Keller. ‘The Latin American Missile Crisis’, Diplomatic History, 39 2 (2015), pp. 195-222.Michael E. Weaver, The Relationship between Diplomacy & Military Force: An Example from the Cuban Missile Crisis, Diplomatic History, 38 1 (2014), pp. 137-181.David G. Coleman, ‘The Missiles of November, December, January, February . . . The Problem of Acceptable Risk in the Cuban Missile Crisis Settlement’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 9 3 (Summer 2007), pp. 5-48.J. I. Domininguez, ‘The Cuban Missile Crisis: (Or, What Was ‘Cuban’ about the U. S. decisions during the Cuban Missile Crisis?’, Diplomatic History, 24 2 (Spring 2000), pp. 305-315.Walter Dorn and Robert Pauk, ‘Unsung Mediator: U Thant and the Cuban Missile Crisis’ Diplomatic History, 33 2 (April 2009), pp. 261-292.Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy J. Naftali, One Hell of a Gamble: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958-1964 (London, New York: W. W. Norton, 1999).Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis, ed. by Raymond L. Garthoff (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1989).Raymond L. Garthoff, ‘Documenting the Cuban Missile Crisis’, Diplomatic History, 24 2 (Spring 2000), pp. 297-303.M. L. Haas, ‘Prospect Theory and the Cuban Missile Crisis’, International Studies Quarterly, 45 2 (June 2001), pp. 241-270.Vojtech Mastny, ‘The 1963 Nuclear test Ban Treaty. A Missed Opportunity for Détente?’, Journal of Cold War Studies 10 1 (Winter 2008), pp. 3-25.T. J. McKeown, ‘The Cuban Missile Crisis and Politics as Usual’, The Journal of Politics, 62 1 (February 2000), pp. 70-87.T. J. McKeown, ‘Plans and Routines, Bureaucratic Bargaining, and the Cuban Missile Crisis’, The Journal of Politics, 63 4 (November 2001), pp. 1163-1190.James A. Nathan, Anatomy of the Cuban Missile Crisis (Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 2001).R. M. Pious, ‘The Cuban Missile Crisis and the Limits of Crisis Management’, Political Science Quarterly, 116 1 (March 2001), pp. 81-105.Arthur Schlesinger, Thousand Days; John F. Kennedy in the White House (Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett, 1967).

27

Friday 24th January 2020.Lecture: Vietnam War.Seminar: Why did the USSR want to site missiles on Cuba and why did it back down?Reading:Document: CIA Memorandum, The Crisis USSR/Cuba, 27 October 1962.

At least one of the following:Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.6. ‘Peaceful Coexistence and irreconcilable conflict, 1953-1964.’ ch.7. ‘The Nuclear Arms Race, 1945-1963.’ (ebook).E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War , 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.11. ‘Crisis and Coexistence, 1960-1964.’ (ebook).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.6. ‘Cuba, Vietnam and Indonesia’, pp. 113-122. & ch.3. ‘To the brink and back 1953-62’. (ebook).William Taubman Khrushchev. The Man and his Era (W. W. Norton: New York, 2004), ch.17. ‘Khrushchev and Kennedy: 1960-1961’; ch.19. ‘The Cuban Cure-all: 1962’ & ch.20. ‘The Unravelling: 1962-1964.’David Gioe, An international history of the Cuban Missile Crisis: a 50-year retrospective (London: Routledge, 2014). (ebook).Alice George, The Cuban Missile Crisis: the threshold of nuclear war, (London: Routledge, 2013).Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

David L. Anderson, The Columbia guide to the Vietnam War (New York: CUP, 2002).Robert A. Devine, ‘Historiography: Vietnam Reconsidered’, in The Vietnam Reader, ed. by Walter H. Capps (London: Routledge, 1991).Gary Donaldson, America at War since 1945 (London: Praeger, 1996).John Dumbrell, President Lyndon Johnson and Soviet Communism (Manchester: MUP, 2004).Lloyd Gardner, Pay any price: Lyndon Johnson and the wars for Vietnam (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 1995).Mitchell K. Hall, The Vietnam War (London: Longman, 2008). Seminar Series in HistoryGeorge C. Herring, America’s longest war, 3rd edn. (London: McGraw-Hill, 1996).Gabriel Kolko, Anatomy of War: Vietnam, the United States, and the modern historical experience (New York: Pantheon Books, 1985).Gabriel Kolko, Vietnam: Anatomy of a War, 1940-1975 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1986).Steven H. Lee, The outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia 1949-54 (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1995).Mao Lin, ‘China and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. The First years of the Johnson Administration’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 11 2 (Spring 2009), pp. 35-69.Fredrik Logevall, The Origins of the Vietnam War (London: Longman, 2001).Fredrik Logevall, Review Essay ‘Bringing in the “Other Side”: New Scholarship on the Vietnam Wars’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 3 3 (Fall 2001), pp. 77-93.

28

Michael Lumbers, ‘The Irony of Vietnam: The Johnson administration’s Tentative Bridge Building to China, 1965-1966’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 6 3 (Summer 2004), pp. 68-114.Lorenz M. Lüthi, ‘Beyond Betrayal. Beijing, Moscow, and the Paris Negotiations, 1971-1973’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 11 1 (Winter 2009), pp. 57-107.Gareth Porter, ‘Dominos, Dynamos, and the Vietnam War’, Current History, 94 596 (December 1995), pp. 406-411.David Wright, Causes and Consequences of the Vietnam War (London: Evans, 1995).Michael Yahuda, The International Politics of the Asia-Pacific, 1945-1995 (London: Routledge, 1996).Bradley R. Simpson ‘Southeast Asia in the Cold War’, ch.3. in ed. by Robert J. McMahon The Cold War in the Third World (Oxford: OUP, 2013).Max Hastings, Vietnam: An epic tragedy 1947-1975, (London: Harper Collins, 2018).

Friday 31st January 2020.Lecture: Détente.Seminar: Discussion of why the Cold War spread into Asia.Reading:

Document: President Nixon's Speech on "Vietnamization," November 3, 1969.

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War , 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.12. ‘Southeast Asia and the Cold War, 1954-1973’. (ebook).Xiaobing Li The Cold War in East Asia (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.7. China and First Indochina War & ch.9. ‘The Communist Cold War and Vietnam (1958-1975). (ebook).David Anderson, The Columbia Guide to the Vietnam War (NY: Columbia University Press, 2002) (ebook).Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War. Third World Interventions and the Making of our Time (Cambridge: CUP, 2005), ch.5. ‘The Cuban and Vietnamese Challenges’, pp. 158-206. (ebook).David L. Prentice, ' Choosing “the Long Road”: Henry Kissinger, Melvin Laird, Vietnamization, and the War over Nixon’s Vietnam Strategy', Diplomatic History , 40 3 (2016), pp. 445 - 474. Walter H. Capps, The Vietnam Reader (London: Routledge, 1991).

Further reading on the lecture topic:

S. Bialer, The Soviet Paradox (London: I. B. Tauris, 1980).Thomas N. Bjorkman and Thomas J. Zamostny, ‘Soviet politics and Strategy Towards the West: Three Cases’, World Politics, 36 2 January 1984, pp. 189-214.C. Bown & P. Mooney, Cold War to Détente (London: Heineman, 1976).

29

From Cold War to Collapse, ed. by M. Bowker (Cambridge: CUP, 1993).Hal Brands, ‘Progress Unseen: U.S. Arms Control Policy and the Origins of Détente, 1963-1968’, Diplomatic History, 30 2 (April 2006), pp. 253-285.David Carlton & Herbert M. Levine, The Cold War Debate (New York: McGraw Hill, 1988).Lloyd C. Gardner, The great Nixon turnaround (New York: Viewpoints, 1973).Raymond L. Garthoff, ‘Détente and Deterrence in the Cold War’, Diplomatic History, 22 1 (January 1998), pp. 145-148.Raymond L. Garthoff, Détente and Confrontation (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1985).Simon Miles, ‘Envisioning Détente: The Johnson Administration and the October 1964 Khrushchev Ouster‘, Diplomatic History, 40 4 (September 2016), pp. 722–749.Douglas E. Selvage, ‘Transforming the Soviet Sphere of Influence? U.S.-Soviet Détente and Eastern Europe, 1969-1976’, Diplomatic History, 33 4 (September 2009), pp. 671-687.R. Stevenson, The Rise and Fall of Détente (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1985).Steve Weber, ‘Realism, Détente, and Nuclear Weapons’, International Organization, 44 1 (Winter 1990), pp. 55-82.Andeas Wenger, ‘Crisis and Opportunity: NATO’s Transformation and the Multilateralization of Détente, 1966-1968’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 6, 1 (Winter 2004), pp. 22-74.Hubert Zimmermann, ‘The Improbable Permanence of Commitment’, Journal of Cold War, Studies, 11 1 (Winter 2009), pp. 3-27.J. See. ‘An Uneasy Truce: John F. Kennedy and Soviet-American Détente, 1963’, Cold War History, 2 2 (2002), pp. 161-194.Steve Weber, ‘Realism, Détente, and Nuclear Weapons’, International Organization, 44 1 (Winter 1990), pp. 55-82.Kristina Spohr & David Reynolds, Transcending the Cold War. Summits, Statecraft, and the Dissolution of Bipolarity in Europe, 1970–1990 (Oxford: OUP, 2016).Hal Brands, ‘Progress Unseen: U.S. Arms Control Policy and the Origins of Détente, 1963-1968’, Diplomatic History, 30 2 (April 2006), pp. 253-285.Barbara Keys, ‘Henry Kissinger: The Emotional Statesman’, Diplomatic History, 35 4 (2011), pp. 587-609.

China’s relations with the US and USSRY. Kuisong, ‘Sino-American Relations, 1969. From Zhenbao Island to Sino-American Rapprochement’, Cold War History, 3 1 (2000-2001), pp. 21-52.W. Burr, ‘The Sino-Soviet Border War and Steps towards Rapprochement’, Cold War History, 1 3 (2000-2001) pp. 73-112.Xiaobing Li The Cold War in East Asia, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.10. ‘The Cultural Revolution and Sino-US Rapprochement’. (ebook).

30

Friday 7th February 2020.Lecture: Détente: Helsinki, Trade and arms control.Seminar: Discussion of why the two superpowers pursued détente in the 1970s.

Reading:

Document: CIA, Soviet Détente Policy.

At least one of the following:Barbara Keys, ‘Nixon/Kissinger and Brezhnev’, Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp. 548–551.E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd edn (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.13. ‘China, SALT and the superpowers, 1967-1972’ & ch.14. ‘The Heyday of Détente, 1972-1975’. (ebook).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.9. ‘Détente: 1968-1979’, pp. 138-179. (ebook).Ralph B. Levering, The Cold War: A post-Cold War History, 3rd edn. (West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016), ch.3. ‘The Shift towards relative Détente, 1963-1972’, pp. 111-153. (ebook)Sara Autio Sarasmo, ch.6. ‘Stagnation or Not? The Brezhnev Leadership and East-West Interaction’ in ed. by Dina Fainberg, Reconsidering stagnation in the Brezhnev era: ideology and exchange (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016). (ebook).David Allen, ‘Realism and Malarkey: Henry Kissinger's State Department, Détente, and Domestic Consensus’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 17 3 (2015), pp. 184-219.Stephen Kieninger, Dynamic detente: the United States and Europe, 1964-1975, (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016), Part II ‘Setbacks and Survival: The Longevity of America's Transformation Policy during the Nixon and Ford Years, 1969-1976’. (ebook).Gottfried Niedhart, ‘Ostpolitik: Transformation through Communication and the Quest for Peaceful Change’, Journal of Cold War Studies 18 3 (Summer 2016), pp.14-59.Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.9. ‘Détente: 1968-1979’, pp. 138-179. (ebook).David Painter, The Cold War: an international history (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.4. ‘From Cold War to detente, 1963-73’, pp. 56-76. (ebook).Georges-Henri Soutou and Wilfred Loth, The making of Détente: Eastern and Western Europe in the Cold War, 1965-75 (London: Routledge, 2008) (ebook).John D. Maurer, ‘Divided Counsels: Competing Approached to SALT, 1969-1970’, Diplomatic History, 43 2 (April 2019), pp. 353-377.Jeremi Suri, Nixon and Brezhnev Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp. 544–547.

Further reading for lecture topic and for essays as for the previous lecture:

31

Friday 7th February 2020.Lecture: US-Soviet rivalry in Africa and Afghanistan.Seminar: Discussion of what the two superpowers gained from détente.Reading:

Document: Détente and US-Soviet Trade.

At least one of the following:Edward H. Judge, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd

edn. (Lanham, MD.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.14. ‘The Heyday of Détente’. (ebook).David Carlton & Herbert M. Levine, The Cold War Debate (New York: McGraw Hill, 1988).R. Stevenson, The Rise and Fall of Détente (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1985).Henry A. Kissinger & George Meany, ‘Was Détente of mutual benefit to the United States and the Soviet Union?’ in ed. by R. Crockatt & S. Smith, The Cold War, Past and Present, (London: Allen & Unwin, 1987).Adlai E. and Alton Frye, (1989) ‘Trading with the Communists’, Foreign Affairs, 68 2 (1989), pp. 53-71.Wolfgang Mueller, ‘Recognition in Return for Détente? Brezhnev, the EEC, and the Moscow Treaty with West Germany, 1970–1973’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 13 4 (Fall 2011), pp. 79-100.Douglas E. Selvage, ‘Transforming the Soviet Sphere of Influence? U.S.-Soviet Détente and Eastern Europe, 1969-1976’, Diplomatic History, 33 4 (September 2009), pp. 671-687.

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

Richard Crockatt, The Fifty Years War: The United States and the Soviet Union in World Politics, 1941-1991 (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.6. ‘The United States, The Soviet Union and the Third World, 1953-1963’. (ebook).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.4. ‘The US and the Soviet Union in the Third World’, pp. 68-88. (ebook).Piero Gleijeses, Conflicting missions: Havana, Washington, and Africa, 1959-1976 (Chapel Hill, NC: North Carolina University Press, 2002).Saul Kelly, Cold War in the desert: Britain, the United States, and the Italian Colonies, 1945-52 (London: Macmillan, 2000).John Kent, ‘United States reactions to empire, colonialism, and cold war in Black Africa, 1949-57’, Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 33 2 (May 2005), pp. 195-220.Margot Light, ‘Soviet policy in the Third World’, International Affairs, 67 2 (April 1991), pp. 263-280.Africa in World Politics: post-Cold War Challenges, ed. by John W. Harbeson & Donald Rothchild 2nd edn. (Oxford: Westview, 1995).Eric Getting, ‘“Trouble Ahead in Afro-Asia”: The United States, the Second Bandung Conference, and the Struggle for the Third World, 1964–1965’, Diplomatic History, 39 1 (2015), pp. 126-156.

32

Afghanistan:Fred Halliday, Threat from the East? Soviet policy from Afghanistan to the Horn of Africa (Harmondsworth: Pelican, 1982).David Rees, Afghanistan’s role in Soviet Strategy. Conflict Studies series no.118. (London: Institute for the Study of Conflict, 1980).Barnett R. Rubin, The search for peace in Afghanistan: From buffer state to failed state (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995).Gregory, Winger, ‘The Nixon Doctrine and U.S. Relations with the Republic of Afghanistan, 1973–1978: Stuck in the Middle with Daoud’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 19 4 (Fall 2017), pp. 4–41.

Friday 21st February 2020 : Tutorials

Friday 28th February 2020.Lecture: New (Second) Cold War.Seminar: Why did the Cold War spread to Africa and Afghanistan?Reading:Document: Soviet Foreign Ministry, Background Report on Soviet-Ethiopian Relations, 3 April 1978.

At least one of the following:

E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.10. ‘The Cold War comes to Africa, 1957-64’. (ebook).Odd Arne Westad, The Global Cold War. Third World Interventions and the Making of our Time (Cambridge: CUP, 2005), chs.6. 7. & 8. (ebook).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.10. ‘The Islamic Challenge: Iran and Afghanistan’, 180-186. (ebook).Radoslav A. Yordanov, The Soviet Union and the Horn of Africa during the Cold War: between ideology and pragmatism (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017) (ebook).M. Hasan Kakar, Afghanistan: the Soviet invasion and the Afghan response, 1979-1982 (Oakland, Ca: University of California Press, 1997), (ebook).'The CIA's intervention in Afghanistan. Interview with Zbigniew Brzezinski', Le Nouvel Observateur, Paris, (15-21 January 1998). Posted at globalresearch.ca 15 October 2001.Alan P. Dobson and Steve Marsh, US Foreign Policy since 1945, 2nd edn. (London: Routledge, 2006), ch.8. ‘The US, Africa and the Middle East, 1945-89.’ (ebook).Artemy Kalinovsky, ‘Decision-Making and the Soviet War in Afghanistan. From Intervention to Withdrawal’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 11 4 (Fall 2009), pp. 46-73.Piero Gleijeses, ‘Moscow’s Proxy? Cuba and Africa 1975-1988’, Journal of Cold War

33

Studies, 8 2 (Spring 2006), pp. 3-51.Flavia Gasbarri, ‘From the Sands of the Ogaden to Black Hawk Down: The End of the Cold War in the Horn of Africa’, Cold War History, 18, 1 (2018), pp.73-89.Candace Sobers, Independence, ‘Intervention and Internationalism, Angola and the International System, 1974-75’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 21 1 (Winter 2019), pp. 97-124.

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

Noam Chomsky et al, Superpowers in Collision: The Cold War Now (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1982).Michael Cox, (1990) ‘Whatever happened to the Second Cold War? Soviet-American relations 1980-1988’, Review of International Studies, 16 (1990), pp. 155-172.S. Dalby, Creating the Second Cold War (London: Pinter, 1990).Alan P. Dobson, ‘From Instrumental to Expressive. The Changing Goals of the U.S. Cold War Strategic Embargo’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 12 1 (Winter 2010), pp. 98-119.John Dumbrell, American Foreign Policy: Carter to Clinton (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997).John Dumbrell, John The Carter Presidency. A Re-evaluation (Manchester: MUP, 1993).H. Gelman, ‘Rise and Fall of Détente’, Problems of Communism, 34 2 (March-April 1985), pp. 51-72.Fred Halliday, The Making of the Second Cold War (London: Verso, 1986).Fred Halliday, ‘The Conjuncture of the Seventies and after: A reply to Ougaard’, New Left Review, 147 (September-October 1984), pp. 76-83.Charles W. Kegley & E. R. Wittkopf, World Politics. Trend and Transformation, 9th edn. (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2003).Noam Kochavi, ‘Insights Abandoned, Flexibility Lost: Kissinger, Soviet Jewish Emigration, and the Demise of Détente’, Diplomatic History, 29 3 (June 2005), pp. 503-530.Morten Ougaard, ‘The Origins of the Second Cold War’, New Left Review, 147 (September-October 1984), pp. 61-75.P. Savigear, Cold War or Détente in the 1980s (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1987).

Oral history on the failure of Détente:James G. Blight and Janet M. Lang, ‘FORUM: When Empathy Failed. Using Critical Oral History to Reassess the Collapse of U.S.-Soviet Détente in the Carter-Brezhnev Years’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 12 (Spring 2010), pp. 29-74.Robert A. Pastor, ‘Missing Each Other: A Comment on “When Empathy Failed” ‘, Journal of Cold War Studies, 12 2 (Spring 2010), pp. 92-94.Thomas W. Simons, Jr., ‘When Policy Failed: A View from the Middle Distance’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 12 2 (Spring 2010), pp. 95-101.‘Reply to Commentaries. Using Critical Oral History to Reassess the Collapse of U.S.-Soviet Détente in the Carter-Brezhnev Years’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 12 2 (Spring 2010), pp. 102-9.

34

Friday 6th March 2020.Lecture: Ronald Reagan, Neo-Cons, Neo-realists and the Evil Empire.Seminar: Discussion of why Détente gave way to the new cold warReading:

Document: President Carter’s letter to Brezhnev regarding Afghanistan and Brezhnev’s reply.

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd

edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.15. ‘The Decline of Détente, 1975-1979’. (ebook).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016, (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.12. ‘Post-détente: 1979-85’, pp. 189-219. (ebook).David Painter, The Cold War: an international history (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.5. ‘From detente to confrontation, 1973-80’, pp. 95-111. (ebook).Ralph B. Levering, The Cold War: A post-Cold War History, 3rd edn. (West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016), ch.4. ‘The Roller-Coaster Years, 1973-1984’, pp. 154-213. (ebook)Taylor Fain, ‘Conceiving the “Arc of Crisis” in the Indian region”, Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp. 694-719.Charles Gati, ‘The World according to Zbig', Politico, (27th November 2013).John Rosenberg, ‘The Quest against Détente: Eugene Rostow, the October War, and the Origins of the Anti-Détente Movement, 1969–1976’, Diplomatic History, 39 4 (2015), pp. 720-744.Christian Philip Peterson, 'The Carter Administration and the Promotion of Human Rights in the Soviet Union, 1977–1981', Diplomatic History, 38 (3 (2015), pp. 628-656.Paul Corthorn, 'The Cold War and British debates over the boycott of the 1980 Moscow Olympics', Cold War History, 13 1 ( 2013), pp. 43-66.Daniel James Lahey, 'The Thatcher government's response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 1979-1980', Cold War History, 13 1 (2013), pp. 21-42.Nicholas Evan Sarantakes, Dropping the Torch: Jimmy Carter, the Olympic Boycott and the Cold War (Cambridge: CUP, 2010) (ebook).Villaume, Poul & Mariager, Rasmus, The 'Long 1970s': Human Rights, East-West Detente and Transnational Relations (London: Routledge, 2016). (ebook).

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:Andrew Bennett, ‘The Guns that Didn’t Smoke. Ideas and the Soviet Non-Use of Force in 1989’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 81-109.Archie Brown, ‘The Change to Engagement in Britain’s Cold War policy: The Origins of the Thatcher-Gorbachev Relationship’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 10 3 (Summer 2008), pp. 3-47.

35

Ronald Reagan, Neo-Cons, Neo-realists and the Evil Empire:Alan P. Dobson, The Reagan Administration, Economic Warfare, and Starting to Close Down the Cold War’, Diplomatic History, 29 3 (June 2005), pp. 531-556.Rose McDermott, ‘Arms Control and the First Reagan Administration: Belief Systems and Policy Choices’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 4 4 (Fall 2002), pp. 29-59.

Neo-Cons:Richard Pipes, ‘Can the Soviet Union Reform?’ Foreign Affairs, (Fall 1984), pp. 47-61.Richard Pipes, ‘Misinterpreting the Cold War: The Hard-Liners had it Right,’ Foreign Affairs, 74 1 (January-February 1995), pp. 153-60.

Neo-Realists:Stephen G. Brooks, ‘Dueling Realisms (Realism in International Relations)’, International Organization, 51 3 (Summer 1997), pp. 445-477.Daniel Deudney and G. John Ikenberry, ‘Soviet Reform and the End of the Cold War: Explaining Large-scale Historical Change’, Review of International Studies, 17 (Summer 1991), pp. 225-50.Daniel Deudney and G. John Ikenberry, ‘The International Sources of Soviet Change’, International Security, 16 (Winter 1991-2), pp. 74-118.William C. Wohlforth, ‘The Russian-Soviet Empire: A Test for Neorealism’, Review of International Studies, 27 (December 2001), pp. 213-235.William C. Wohlforth & Stephen G. Brooks, ‘Power, Globalization, and the End of the Cold War: Reevaluating a Landmark Case for Ideas’, International Security, 53 3 (Winter 2000-1), pp. 5-53.

Friday 13th March 2020.Lecture: Mikhail Gorbachev, New Thinking & the Common European Home.Seminar: A discussion of why Reagan described the USSR as an ‘Evil Empire’.Reading:Document: Reagan Report to meeting of NATO Leaders (Geneva Summit) 21 November 1985.

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War, 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.16. ‘The return of the Cold War, 1980-1985.’David Painter, The Cold War: an international history (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.6. ‘The Rise and Fall of the Second Cold War, 1981-91’, pp. 119-123. (ebook).Douglas E. Streusand et al., The strategy that won the Cold War: Architecture of triumph (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2017). (ebook).

36

Alan Dobson, ‘Ronald Reagan’s Strategies and Policies: Of Ideology, Pragmatism, Loyalties, and Management Style’, Diplomacy & Statecraft, 27 4 (2016), pp. 746-765.Tyler Esno, ‘Reagan’s Economic War on the Soviet Union’, Diplomatic History, 42 2 (April 2018), pp. 281–304.Robert Samuel, ‘Conservative Intellectuals and the Reagan-Gorbachev summits’, Cold War History, 12 1 (2012), pp. 135-157.Maria Ryan, ‘Neoconservative intellectuals and the limitations of governing The Reagan administration and the demise of the Cold War’, Comparative American Studies An International Journal, 4 4 (December 2006), pp. 409-420.Donald E. Nuechterlein, ‘The Reagan Doctrine in Perspective’, Perspectives on Political Science, 19 1 (1990), pp. 43-49.James Graham Wilson, ‘Reagan and Gorbachev’, Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp.552–555.William Taubman, ‘Gorbachev and Reagan / Bush 41’, Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp. 556–559.Robert B. Zoellick, ‘Bush 41 and Gorbachev’, Diplomatic History, 42 4 (September 2018), pp. 560–563.

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:Archie Brown, The Gorbachev Factor (Oxford: OUP, 1997). (ebook)Mikhail Gorbachev, Gorbachev: On My Country and the World (New York: Columbia University Press, 2005) (ebook)Valerie Bunce, ‘Domestic Reform and International Change: the Gorbachev reforms in historical perspective’, International Organization, 47 1 (Winter 1993), pp. 107-138.Karen Dawisha, Eastern Europe, Gorbachev and Reform. The Great Challenge (Cambridge: CUP, 1988).Mark Galeotti, Gorbachev and his Revolution (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997).Marshall I. Goldmann, Gorbachev's Challenge: Economic Reform in the Age of High Technology (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987).Mikhail Gorbachev, The August Coup: The Truth and the Lessons (London: Harper Collins, 1991).David M. Kotz and Fred Weir, Revolution From Above. The Demise of the Soviet System (London: Routledge, 1997).Mark Kramer, ‘The Collapse of East European Communism and the Repercussions within the Soviet Union (Part 1)’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 5 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 178-256.Moshe Lewin, The Gorbachev Phenomenon: An Historical Interpretation (London: Radius, 1988).David Marples, The Collapse of the Soviet Union, 1985-1991 (London: Longman, 2003).The Soviet Union Under Gorbachev, ed. by Martin McCauley (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1990).Jeremy Smith, The fall of Soviet Communism, 1986-1991 (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2005).Ofira Seliktar, Politics, Paradigms, and Intelligence Failures (London: M.E. Sharpe, 2004).Stephen Smith, Communism and its Collapse (London/ New York: Routledge, 2001).Ronald G. Suny, The Soviet Experiment (Oxford: OUP, 1998), ch.21. ‘The End of the Soviet Union’.Astrid S. Tuminez, ‘Nationalism, Ethnic Pressures, and the Breakup of the Soviet Union’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 5 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 81-136.

37

Developments in East-Central Europe:Vladimir Tismaneanu, The Revolutions of 1989 (London: Routledge, 1999).Mark Kramer, ‘The Collapse of the Soviet Union. Introduction’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 5 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 3-42.Mark Kramer, ‘The Collapse of East European Communism and the repercussions within the Soviet Union (Part 1)’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 5 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 178-256Mark Kramer, ‘The Collapse of East European Communism and the repercussions within the Soviet Union (Part 2)’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 6 4 (Fall 2004), pp. 3-64.Friday 20th March 2020.Lecture: End of the Cold War: overview and explanations.Seminar: Discussion of why Gorbachev introduced Perestroika and ‘New Thinking’ in foreign policy.Reading:

Document: Gorbachev Speech to the Council of Europe, Strasbourg. 6th July 1989.

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War , 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.17. ‘The Thaw in the Cold War, 1985-1991.’, ch.18. ‘The End of the Cold War, 1988-1991.’ (ebook).Ralph B. Levering, The Cold War: A post-Cold War History, 3rd edn. (West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016), ‘Epilogue: The Cold War Ends, 1985-1991’, pp. 214-229. (ebook)Catherine J. Danks, Russian Politics and Society. An Introduction (London: Longman, 2001), ch.1. ‘Gorbachev & Perestroika’.Martin McCauley, The rise and fall of the Soviet Union (Routledge: London, 2013), ch.22. ‘Stengths and weaknesses of the Soviet system & Explanations of the Collapse of the Soviet Union’, (ebook).Martin McCauley, The Cold War 1949-2016 (London: Routledge, 2017), ch.13. ‘Gorbachev and the end of the Cold War’, pp. 220-294. (ebook).David Painter, The Cold War: an international history (London: Routledge, 2002), ch.7. ‘Understanding the Cold War’, pp. 119-123. (ebook).Michael Cox, ‘Whatever Happened to the “Second” Cold War?’ Soviet-American Relations: 1980-1988’, Review of International Studies, 16 2 (1990), pp. 15-172.Dmitri Volkogonov, The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire. Political leaders from Lenin to Gorbachev (London: Harper Collins, 1998).Stephen White, Gorbachev in Power (Cambridge: CUP, 1990).‘Gorbachev’s Era of New Thinking’, Journal of International Affairs, 42 2 (Spring 1989), whole issue.Andrei Grachev, Soviet foreign policy and the End of the Cold War (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008). (ebook).

Further reading on the lecture topic:

38

Explaining the end of the Cold War:Bernhard Blumenau; Barbara Zanchetta and; Jussi M. Hanhimaki (eds.) New perspectives on the end of the Cold War: Unexpected transformations? (London: Routledge, 2018).Stephen G. Brooks & William C. Wohlforth, ‘Clarifying the End of the Cold War Debate’, Cold War History, 7 3 (2007), pp. 447-454.Archie Brown, ‘The End of the Soviet Union’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 17 4 (Fall 2015), pp. 158-165. (Review essay).Michael J. Hogan (ed.) The end of the Cold War: Its meaning and Implications (Cambridge: CUP, 2011).Robert G. Patman, 'Some reflections on Archie Brown and the End of the Cold War', Cold War History, 7 3 (2007), pp. 439-445.V. Zubok, 'Gorbachev and the End of the Cold War: perspectives on History and Personality', Cold War History, 2 2 (2002), pp. 61-100. 'G. Lundestad, ' 'Imperial Overstretch', Mikhail Gorbachev and the End of the Cold War', Cold War History, 1 1 (2000), pp. 1-20.Michael Cox, ‘Another Transatlantic Split? American and European Narratives and the Fall of the Cold War’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 1 (2007), pp. 121-146.Frederico Romero, ‘The Cold War in retrospect: 25 years after its end’, Cold War History, 14 4 (2014) Special Issue.Stephen G. Brooks and William C. Wohlforth, ‘Power, Globalization, and the End of the Cold War. Reevaluating a Landmark Case for Ideas’, International Security, 25 3 (Winter 2000/01), pp. 5–53.

The Halliday - Thompson debate:Fred Halliday, ‘The Ends of the Cold War’, New Left Review, 180 (March-April 1990).Fred Halliday, ‘A reply to Edward Thompson’, New Left Review, 182 (July-August 1990).Edward Thompson, ‘The Ends of the Cold War’, New Left Review, 182 (July-August, 1990).

Further reading on the lecture topic and for essays:

Bruce Cumings, ‘Kennan, Containment, Conciliation: The End of the Cold War History’, Current History, 94 595 (November 1995), pp. 359-363.Saki Dockrill, The End of the Cold War Era (London: Hodder Arnold, 2005).Francis Fukuyama, The End of History and the Last Man (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992).Raymond Garthoff, The Great Transition: American-Soviet relations and the end of the Cold War, (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1994).Jacob Heilbrunn, ‘Cold War Triumphalism: The Misuse of History after the Fall of Communism (Review)’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 8 1 (Winter 2006), pp. 150-151.Mark Kramer, ‘REVIEW ESSAY The Dynamics of 1989 Reassessing a Momentous Year. Stephen Kotkin, Uncivil Society: 1989 and the Implosion of the Communist Establishment (New York: The Modern Library, 2009), Journal of Cold War Studies Fall 2013, 15 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 148–152.Richard Ned Lebow, ‘The Long Peace, the End of the Cold War, and the Failure of Realism’, International Organization, 48 2 (Spring 1994), pp. 249-277.John Mueller, ‘What was the Cold War About? Evidence from Its Ending’, Political Science Quarterly, 119 4 (Winter 2004), pp. 609-631.Stephen Smith, Communism and its Collapse, (London/ New York: Routledge, 2001).

39

Robert Strayer, Why did the Soviet Union Collapse? (London: M. E. Sharpe, 1998).Vladislav Zubok, ‘Why did the Cold War End in 1989? Explanations of ‘‘The Turn’’ ‘, in ed. by Odd Arne Westad Reviewing the Cold War: Approaches, Interpretations, Theory (London: Frank Cass, 2000).

Friday 27th March 2020.Lecture: Unit overview and revision session.Seminar: Why did the Cold War end?Reading:

Document: Gorbachev's Speech to the U.N. December 7, 1988.

At least one of the following:E. H. Judge & John W. Langdon, A hard and bitter peace: A global history of the Cold War , 3rd edn. (Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2017), ch.19. ‘Lessons and Legacies of the Cold War.’ (ebook).Catherine J. Danks, Russian Politics and Society. An Introduction (London: Longman, 2001), ch.2. ‘End of the USSR and Soviet Socialism’.Douglas E. Streusand, The grand strategy of the Cold War; architecture of triumph (Lanham: Lexington Books, 2016). (ebook).Jeremi Suri, ‘Explaining the End of the Cold War: A New Historical Consensus’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 4 4 (Fall 2002), pp. 60-92.Richard K. Herrmann and Richard Ned Lebow, Ending the Cold War (New York: Palgrave, Macmillan, 2004).Terrence Hopmann, ‘Adapting International Relations Theory to the End of the Cold War’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 5 3 (Summer 2003), pp. 96-101.

Further useful reading on the end of the Cold War:

People, ideas and the end of the Cold War:Archie Brown, ‘Gorbachev and the End of the Cold War’, in ed. by Richard K. Herrmann and Richard Ned Lebow Ending the Cold War: Interpretations, Causations and the Study of International Relations (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004).Ronald Reagan, An American Life, (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990).Nina Tannenwald and William C. Wohlforth, ‘Introduction: The Role of Ideas and the End of the Cold War’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 3-12.Nina Tannenwald, ‘Ideas and Explanation: advancing the Theoretical Agenda’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 13-42.Daniel C. Thomas, ‘Human Rights Ideas, the Demise of Communism, and the End of the Cold War’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 110-141.Robert English, ‘The Sociology of New Thinking. Elites, Identity Change, and the End of the Cold War’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 2 (Spring 2005), pp. 43-80.

40

Barbara Farnham, ‘Ronald Reagan and the Gorbachev Revolution: Perceiving the End of the Threat’, Political Science Quarterly, 116 2 (July 2001), pp. 225-252.Fred Greenstein, ‘Impact of Personality on the End of the Cold War: A Counterfactual Analysis’, Political Psychology, 19 1 (1998), pp. 1-16.

Western policy and the end of the Cold War:Celeste A. Wallander, ‘Western Policy and the Demise of the Soviet Union’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 5 4 (Fall 2003), pp. 137-177.William C. Wohlforth, ‘A Certain Ideas of Science. How International Relations Theory Avoids the New Cold War History’, Journal of Cold War Studies, 1 2 (Spring 1999), pp. 39-60.Witnesses to the End of the Cold War, ed. by William C. Wohlforth (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1996).William C. Wohlforth, & Nina Tannenwald, ‘Ideas and the End of the Cold War’, in Journal of Cold War Studies, 7 2 (Spring 2005), Special Issue.William C. Wohlforth, Cold War Endgame: Oral History, Analysis, Debates (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003).

Friday 3rd April 2020.Tutorials.

41

How to tackle the primary source analysisPlease note that depending on your source not all of these points may be applicable,

please take them as a steer rather than a definite list of points you must hit.

Find a primary source that you will use when you write your essay for this unit. Do NOT use one of the documents in this unit’s document handbooks.

Take care to read your source carefully and think about how you will use it in your essay.

Consider the following advice on how to read a primary source below, it indicates the kind of things you should include in your evaluation.

Remember you only have 1,000 words for this exercise so you need to be succinct!

How to read a Primary sourceGood reading is about asking questions of your sources. Keep the following in mind when reading primary sources. Even if you believe you can't arrive at the answers, imagining possible answers will aid your comprehension. Reading primary sources requires that you use your historical imagination. This process is all about your willingness and ability to ask questions of the material, imagine possible answers, and explain your reasoning.

Purpose of the author in preparing the document Who is the author and what is her or his place in society (explain why you are

justified in thinking so)? What could or might it be, based on the text, and why? Why did the author prepare the document? What was the occasion for its

creation? What is at stake for the author in this text? Why do you think she or he wrote it?

What evidence in the text tells you this? Does the author have a thesis? What -- in one sentence -- is that thesis?

Argument and strategy she or he uses to achieve those goals What is the text trying to do? How does the text make its case? What is its

strategy for accomplishing its goal? How does it carry out this strategy? What is the intended audience of the text? How might this influence its rhetorical

strategy? Cite specific examples. What arguments or concerns does the author respond to that are not clearly

stated? Provide at least one example of a point at which the author seems to be refuting a position never clearly stated. Explain what you think this position may be in detail, and why you think it.

Do you think the author is credible and reliable? Use at least one specific example to explain why. Make sure to explain the principle of rhetoric or logic that makes this passage credible.

Presuppositions and values (in the text, and our own)

How do the ideas and values in the source differ from the ideas and values of our age? Offer two specific examples.

What presumptions and preconceptions do we as readers bring to bear on this

42

text? For instance, what portions of the text might we find objectionable, but which contemporaries might have found acceptable. State the values we hold on that subject, and the values expressed in the text. Cite at least one specific example.

How might the difference between our values and the values of the author influence the way we understand the text? Explain how such a difference in values might lead us to mis-interpret the text, or understand it in a way contemporaries would not have. Offer at least one specific example.

Epistemology (evaluating truth content) How might this text support one of the arguments found in secondary sources

we've read? Choose a paragraph anywhere in a secondary source we've read, state where this text might be an appropriate footnote (cite page and paragraph), and explain why.

What kinds of information does this text reveal that it does not seemed concerned with revealing? (In other words, what does it tell us without knowing it's telling us?)

Offer one claim from the text which is the author's interpretation. Now offer one example of a historical "fact" (something that is absolutely indisputable) that we can learn from this text (this need not be the author's words).

Adapted from ‘How to read a Primary Source’, http://www.bowdoin.edu/writing-guides/

43

History Department Style Sheet

On a degree course your performance is most often measured by how successfully you can produce good quality written work. History in particular is a subject that requires the ability to communicate ideas effectively. To best support your ideas, you must also be able to demonstrate mastery of the skills of presentation and accurate citation. This is a professional system that will also help you present yourself and your work to future employers. All academic coursework—not just essays—requires a level of presentation and citation that is clear and appropriate. The guidance provided by this style sheet will help you to produce work of good standard. Failure to comply with these guidelines will result in the deduction of marks.

1. Presentation: Assignments must be presented double-spaced, in a font that is professional and easy to read, normally Times New Roman, Calibri, Arial, or similar. Number each page clearly. When using a word processing programme remember that it is essential to save your work regularly, and to keep a second copy in another location. Computer systems crash often, so do not rely on the hard disk. If you lose work as a result you will not be given an extension.2. Bad grammar and spelling will be penalised because they obscure meaning and show insufficient regard for the need to communicate clearly. Work should be spell checked and properly proof read, which takes time and care. Sloppy punctuation does not help to showcase your ideas.3. Citation requires the accurate acknowledgement of the primary and secondary sources used in the research for your topic. All direct quotations and substantial elements of analysis derived from sources must be acknowledged and properly footnoted at the bottom of each page, to allow a reader to identity those sources precisely. This includes specific page numbers. You will gain marks for proper referencing, although work which comprises merely a succession of quotations (even if properly cited), with little or no commentary and analysis provided by you, will receive a low mark.

In general the MMU History Department follows the MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association) style guide, which can be found in full here: http://www.mhra.org.uk/style. If you are unclear about any of the referencing information given on the following pages, talk to the tutor who will be marking your work.

Footnotes should provide the following information exactly (attention to detail is a transferrable skill, eagerly looked for by employers):

FOR BOOKS: author (name and surname)title (in italics)place of publication (usually a city, not a country), publisher’s name, and date

44

specific page(s) reference (p. or pp.)

For example: Sybil Wolfram, In-Laws and Outlaws: Kinship and Marriage in England (London: Croom Helm, 1987), p. 34.Be careful to follow the punctuation as shown in the above example. Be sure to check the date of the edition you actually use. See below for citing online or electronic booksNote: there is no need to reverse the first name and surname in a footnote—this is only necessary in a bibliography for the purposes of alphabetising the authors’ names.

FOR BOOK CHAPTERS IN AN EDITED VOLUME: author (name and surname)title of chapter (in inverted commas or quotation marks)title of book (in italics)names of editor(s)publication information (as above)specific page(s) reference

For example: Martin Elsky, ‘Words, Things, and Names: Jonson’s Poetry and Philosophical Grammar’, in Classic and Cavalier: Essays on Jonson and the Sons of Ben, ed. by Claude J. Summers and Ted-Larry Pebworth (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1982), p. 31.

FOR PERIODICAL OR JOURNAL ARTICLES: author (name and surname)title of article (in inverted commas)title of journal (in italics)volume numberissue or part number (if given)date (in brackets)specific page(s) reference

As in this example: Claire Davey, ‘Birth control in Britain during the interwar years’, Journal of Family History, vol. 13, no. 2 (1988), pp. 329-346.

Be careful to follow the punctuation as shown in the above example.Note: for journal articles found on JSTOR or CENGAGE or similar, you do not need to include the web address in the citation. If the journal is online only, then do include the web address.

FOR NEWSPAPERS:Daily Telegraph, 17 October 1889, p. 7.The Times, 14 July 1915, p. 12.Be careful to follow the punctuation as shown in the above example. Note the day of publication precedes the month.

45

Individual articles are cited as in journals. For example: Michael Schmidt, ‘Tragedy of Three Star-Crossed Lovers’, Daily Telegraph, 1 February 1990, p. 14.

FOR OTHER PRINTED SOURCES:There is a large variety of formats and styles historians use for citing specialist material. See the MHRA handbook (http://www.mhra.org.uk/style) for specific details on citing material such as plays, translations, exhibition catalogues, works of art, religious texts, unpublished dissertations and so on.

Note: There are also specialist formats for dealing with particular source material, for example, editions of Ancient texts or Medieval chronicles. See your tutor or unit handbook for information on these more specialised style guides.

FOR INTERNET SITES:Website material may be used and should be properly referenced. Take care when choosing a website—is it an academic site, or a blog written by someone random? Always include as much information as you can, not just a web address, but a title, a date, and an author if there is one.

For example:Helen Watanabe-O’Kelly, ‘Festival Books as History’,https://www.bl.uk/treasures/festivalbooks/festbookshist.html [accessed 25/07/2017]

Avoid sites with names like historylearningsite or answers.com or writemytermpaper.com.

FOR FILMS AND OTHER MEDIA:

A film is given in italics, followed by the director and production information:The Grapes of Wrath, dir. by John Ford (20th Century Fox, 1940).

And inverted commas for a radio broadcast:‘Green Shoots from the Arab Spring’, Analysis, BBC Radio 4, 12 November 2012.

A video on YouTube is similar:Bill Moyers, Joseph Campbell and the Mythology of Star Wars, online video recording, YouTube, 4 May 2017,< https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DXjnYL2GncU> [accessed 25 July 2017]

Social media:

46

Stephen Andrew Hiltner, ‘On Press with “The Paris Review”’, http://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2012/03/01/on-press-with-the-parisreview/ [accessed 3 March 2012]

FOR PRIMARY SOURCE MATERIALA manuscript should be cited with as much information as possible:“A Report on Smuggling Coves in Cornwall” (1775), British Library, MS Cotton Caligula D III, fol. 15.Letter from Earl Fitzwilliam to Winston Churchill, 20 July 1912, Sheffield Central Library, MS Fitzwilliam E.209, Correspondence of Earl Fitzwilliam, 1909-1912.These can be abbreviated for subsequent references (BL for British Library, SCL for Sheffield Central Library, and so on).

Published primary material obtained from an online source should be cited as such:Niccolò Machiavelli, “Republics and Monarchies”, excerpt from Discourses on Livy I, 55 (1531), Internet Medieval Sourcebook [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/machiavelli-disc1-55.html ) [date accessed]

Statements by Leading Nazis on the ‘Jewish Question’, from A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust (https://fcit.usf.edu/holocaust/resource/document/DocJewQn.htm) [date accessed]

E-BOOKS, KINDLE, ETCCite an e-book as any other book, with the addition of its electronic source (no long string of numbers for the web address is required, or even desired!).Nicolas Jacobs, Early Welsh Gnomic and Nature Poetry (London: Modern Humanities Research Association, 2012), p. 10. Google ebook.D.A. Carson and Douglas J. Moo, An Introduction to the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2009), Amazon Kindle e-book, p. 57.Note: Kindle books have “location numbers,” which are static, but are useless to others without a Kindle. Certain models of Kindles have page numbers available. To cite in text for e-books lacking page numbers, you should include a chapter title and paragraph number, if provided; or a sub-heading within the chapter then the paragraph number.Online reference works:Kent Bach, ‘Performatives’, in Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy (http://www.rep.routledge.com) [accessed 3 October 2001]

LONG FORM AND SHORT FORMFor all references (books, journal articles, etc), full publication details should be given at the first mention and in a short form thereafter.Examples of first citation:Giles Milton, Nathaniel’s Nutmeg: How One Man’s Courage Changed the History of the World (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1999), pp. 9-14.J. Bornat, ‘Lost Leaders: Women, Trade Unionism and the Case of the General Union of Textile Workers, 1875-1914’, in A.V. John (ed.), Unequal Opportunities. Women’s Employment in England 1800-1918 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986), p.

47

221.A. Wood, ‘Social Conflict and Change in the Mining Communities of North-West Derbyshire, c.1600-1700’, International Review of Social History, vol. 38, no. 1 (1993), pp. 31-33.

The short forms for these would be:Milton, Nathaniel’s Nutmeg, pp. 9-14.Bornat, ‘Lost Leaders’, p. 221.Wood, ‘Social Conflict and Change’, pp. 31-33.Plagiarism:Failure to acknowledge the books or other sources you have used is a serious matter, known as plagiarism, which carries heavy academic penalties because it undermines the whole point of assessment. It is serious business and will be dealt with according to university regulations and disciplinary procedures; it can even put at risk your place on the course. Plagiarism is cheating and is dealt with as such.

A bibliography must be appended at the end of your work, listing all the texts consulted in the research process. This should be set out in alphabetical order by author’s surname, using the same standard conventions as the footnotes, but without specific page number references. All coursework must have a bibliography of some kind, unless indicated otherwise by your tutor.

Coursework submission & assessment:Unless instructed otherwise, you should submit your work electronically (as a Word or PDF file) via the relevant unit Moodle page. Your tutor will provide further details about this prior to the submission deadline. When your work is marked your will receive feedback (normally within four working weeks), with your tutor’s comments based on the agreed marking criteria: evidence of quality in research, approach, argument, content and presentation. You will gain marks for effectiveness in these areas, you will lose marks if attention to them is lacking or inadequate. The mark notified in the feedback is for guidance only and is not confirmed until the meeting of the Board of Examiners in June. Please note that this provisional mark may be amended by your examiners.

Finally, remember that it is your own responsibility to produce coursework well in advance of its Due Date. Seek help from the Student Support Tutor if necessary, and apply for an extension using the Exceptional Factors process.

48