Legislative Parliament 3-2075

Study Guide

Unite to Create the Future

Table of Contents

1. Message From Dias---------------------------------------------------1-22. Introduction to Committee-----------------------------------------2-33. Introduction to Topic-------------------------------------------------3-44. Historical Context-----------------------------------------------------4-55. Current Status---------------------------------------------------------5-66. Relevant Governmental actions------------------------------------7-107. Question the resolution must answer---------------------------10-118. References-------------------------------------------------------------11-129. Sites for further study-----------------------------------------------12

Message from the Dias

Dear Delegates,

Today Nepal has become a country with huge developmental potential but yet is still one of the less developed countries in the world due to many factors affecting it. The main factor affecting it is seen to be development and management of resources (human and natural). Hence problems like brain drain ,poverty and social problems have risen in the society.

I, the chair of Legislative Parliament 3 would like to welcome you all, to TESMUN 2075. We will be working to create the best resolution riding on the back of our pure hard work and determination.

In this committee we intend to solve these problems by trying to manage and develop human and natural resources as well as address the different issues seen. Here we will discuss what the parties, the parliament and the government can do as a whole in order to solve this problem which has been burning life out of the society for the past decade or so. We will be working on finding the best resolution to solve this problem.

I hope all the delegates will be working hard and doing a lot of research on the subject matter. Don’t worry about how your dais panel will act with you. We will be acting really positively and will be helping you solve your dilemma. You can consult with us if you have any problems and we assure you that we will maintain an environment where you can address you opinions and thoughts without any fear.

At last I would like to welcome you again and wish you a best of luck.

Also please do not forget to research about the different facts related to natural resources in Nepal and also different stats about human resource and its management in Nepal

Dias

Introduction of committeeThe legislature is one of the most important organs of the government. It is the highest elected body which may comprise of directly and indirectly elected representatives of the people. It is formed essentially to formulate laws for the smooth and effective functioning of the state. A country functions as per the laws made by the legislature within the spirit of the Constitution. Legislature appeared as one of the important organs of the state since the eighteen century with the advent of democracy. It is generally called Parliament or the House of Representatives. However, different countries have given it different names.This time you are the member of this group on which you must be proud of delegate.

There are three main organs of the government. They are: Legislative, Executive and Judiciary. These organs exercise different powers and functions. To run the country smoothly these bodies play a vital role. Parliament is the legislative body of the government. Legislative makes law. The country functions on the basis of these laws. The Council of Ministers or government is the executive body. Executive carries out these laws. Courts and other judicial institutions are judiciary. Judiciary ensures that everyone gets justice. Judiciary punishes the guilty when the laws are violated.

The legislative is the law making body of the country. To make law is the most important function of the state. The country functions under

the laws made by the legislature. The legislative came as an organ of state in 18th and 19th century. In most of the countries the members of the legislative are elected by the people. Constituent assembly is working as thee legislature of Nepal at present. Legislative is composed of 601 members. Among them, 240 members are directly elected by the people from 240 constituencies. 335 members are elected through proportional basis and 26 members are nominated by the cabinet.

Introduction to topic:Nepal is a small country but it is rich in Natural Resources. These natural resources are the gifts of the nature. Some of the important natural resources of Nepal are: Forest, Water, Soil or Land. It is estimated that there are altogether 6,000 rivers (including rivulets and tributaries) in Nepal. If all of these resources are used properly and developed they are more than enough to make Nepal a prosperous country. Improper or lacks of use of these resources in current time have brought in problems like poverty.

The population of Nepal is almost 30 million and in this golden age of Nepal where about 62% of the population is independent and median age is only 23.6 years .In this time the development of country is more and for these developmental works providing employment opportunities is required. These opportunities can be provided in different fields according to the geographic and population status of country, level of education and literacy in population as well as socio economic status of the country. This way the relation between life standard of citizens and development is conducted. Improper development of human resource as well as improper or lack of these resources have become a major problem to address in the country

today. These have brought in problems like unemployment and brain drain in the country which have stopped proper use of resources and decreased the pace of development in the country.

Pace of development is the rate at which developmental works occur. This is directly related to use of resources (natural and human) . The more the use of natural resource in efficient way more the developmental pace will increase. If there are more employment opportunities then developmental opportunities will also increase since there will be more people to work and hence the work can also be done faster.

Today these resources have not been used and hence the pace of development of the country has gone down. If these resources are used properly, Nepal can become one of the most accomplished countries in the world. In our committee we will be talking about how proper use of these resources can be done and problems seen in country related to resource management can be solved.

Historical Context of Problem

In Nepal, historically use of natural resources had not been a problem in Nepal. Even though Nepal did not have sea resources in the past, the problems of use of resources present in country have not been seen. In the past use of forest resources for grazing cattle and firewood as well as use of water resources for economic use (fish farming) and drinking purpose has been well known. Use of ores like copper and iron in manufacture of goods and manufacture of weapons has been done historically. In the past human resources management has not been a problem. Nepal as an agricultural country had all the people working in their field as the means of living. Since proper transportation system

was also not there foreign employment also didn’t have a huge scope and hence was not a problem as well.

Nepal historically was a prosperous country according to different myths and historical evidence .It is claimed that during one time Nepal was one of the most developed and strong countries in whole of Asia. But as the time progressed because of different reasons like Nepal not working towards development, bad governance and National crisis’ Nepal slowly became weaker and in today’s state requires the help of other countries to perform developmental works.

Current Status Related to Problem

Nepal's economic development depends critically on natural resources that are fragile and being rapidly degraded. In Nepal, the links between poverty, economic incentives, institutional weaknesses in government, and the destruction of land, water resources, and forests are more starkly visible than in countries where environmental damage is not, or not yet, so severe. A new OED study analyzes the projects, policies, and institutional reforms that have affected the management of Nepal's natural resources over 25 years (1966-89).

The study finds that despite $4.5 billion of aid for projects affecting natural resources, Nepal still has worsening environmental problems and no effective strategy to address them. The Bank's own assistance has done little to promote better natural resource management except within the sphere of the individual projects it has financed.

Yet, as resource degradation continues, the country's scope for improving living standards diminishes. Because better resource management will require not only financial investments but changes in policy, institutions, and individual behavior, environmental concerns urgently need to be incorporated into decision making at all levels.

In current status however, when Science discovered many things and ways of use of resources Nepal has not been able to walk along with other countries of the world. Nepal because of internal crisis and international domination has fallen back in development. For example: Nepal has hydropower potential of 84000 MW but has not been able to produce hydroelectricity of 2000mw.

Human resources also have not been managed. Because Nepal has moved away from agriculture a bit, people have been working on different fields and when there is imbalance of human resource in that field problems like unemployment also increase. Also since the government of Nepal has not been able to provide enough employment opportunities and economic potential in foreign countries is high people are seen going more for foreign employment. This has caused brain drain in the country.

Pace of development has also been seen to be low. Because of political disputes and bad governance developmental works have been delayed .Also because of unstable government different developmental activities are not finished. Also field missions have not been completed in time which has caused other development works to be delayed.

Relevant Governmental Actions

1. Establishment of ministry of Ministry of Labour ,Emplyement and social security

The ministry was formed in 1981 as the Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare. In 1995 and 2000, the portfolio was adjusted making it first the Ministry of Labor and later the Ministry of Labor and Transport Management. In 2002, the ministry received its final portfolio under which it operates today, the Ministry of Labor and Employment. Its objectives are:

Development of Pure Industrial Relationship Ending Unemployment and Development of Productive and

Qualitative Employment System Child Labor Alleviation Development of Safety, Managed and help based transportation

system2. Establishment of ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation

The Ministry of Forests and Environment (Nepali: वन तथा वातावरण मन्त्रालय) is a governmental body of Nepal responsible for the conservation of forests and managing the environment in the country. Its main purposes are to enhance sustainable growth of the forest and water sectors and to manage the biodiversity, flora and fauna and also to increase the development of forest related enterprises in order to combat poverty throughout the rural areas of Nepal. In 2018, under the second Oli cabinet, the portfolio of the

ministry was changed from Ministry of Forests and Soil

Conservation to Ministry of Forests and Environment.

3. Running employment CampsFrom time to time the Nepal government has been running different programs in order to provide employment oppurtunities to youths. For eg: Nepal recently ran a taxi camp where about 1 lakh forms were open and Nepal government gave loan at low rates to citizens in order to buy taxies.

4. Running field missionsNepal government has run different national level developmental programs in order to develop the society and use resources providing employment opportunities. Some of them are:

Sikta Irrigation Project: The Sikta Irrigation Project is situated in the Banke District of the Mid Western Development Region. The Project, with a cultivable command area 33,766 ha including the rehabilitation of Dunduwa Irrigation system, constructed by Indian Cooperation Mission in 1964, would irrigate almost all the low lands of the Banke District and its economic impact could be significant for this development region. The Project area comprises 34 Village Development Committees (VDCs) and the municipality of Nepalgunj, which is the District head quarter. The irrigated area can be further extended by 9,000 ha of 9 VDCs lying on the left bank of Rapti River.

Babai Irigation Project Rani-Jamariya-Kularia Irrigation Project Bheri-Babai Diversion Multipurpose Project Upper Tamakoshi Hydropower Project Budhigandaki Hydropower Project West Seti Hydropower Project Gautam Buddha Regional International Airport

Pokhara Regional International Airport: Scheduled to begin operations in 2021, the new airport will serve as the aerial gateway to the Himalayan and Annapurna regions in Nepal. It is anticipated to handle one million passengers a year.

The project is expected to provide improved air transportation services to the growing number of international and domestic passengers and cargo. In addition, it will strengthen the country’s civil aviation sector and contribute to economic and social development, as well as tourism.

Second International Airport, Bara Pashupati Area Development Project Lumbini Area Development Project Mid-Hills Pushpalal HIghway East-West Railway Terai Hulaki Marg North-South Koshi Corridor North-South Kaligandaki Corridor North-South Karnali Corridor Kathmandu-Terai Expressway Melamchi Drinking Water Project: Melamchi Water Supply Project

The Melamchi Water Supply Project (MWSP) is considered to be the most viable long-term alternative to ease the chronic water shortage situation within the Kathmandu Valley. The Project is designed to divert about 170 MLD of fresh water to Kathmandu Valley from the Melamchi River in Sindhupalchowk district. Augmenting this supply by adding about a further 170 MLD each from the Yangri and Larke rivers, which lie in the upstream proximity of Melamchi are also being investigated as future supply sources.

President Chure-Terai Madhesh Conservation Area Program5. Encouraging nongovernmental institutes.The government has been working but it requires help of other parts so it has been promoting nongovernmental institutes by providing

them fields and leadership. One of the major institute(Natural Resource Development Centre ) and its functions are:

Natural Resource Development Centre (NRDC) is a non-profit, non-governmental organization established in 2006 in Lalitpur, Nepal, registered with the District Administration Office of Lalitpur (Regd. No. 157/063), and affiliated with the Social Welfare Council (Regd. No. 19733). The NRDC works to achieve synergy between local plant fibres and job creation for the rural poor and socially excluded groups of Nepal. We are driven by the desire to uplift the living standard of these disadvantaged communities through the development of environmentally friendly, natural resource-based enterprises in low opportunity areas. Over the decade that the NRDC has been operating, it has identified 42 fibre-rich plants that can be used for weaving, created over 70 varieties of marketable products, and played a key role in launching fibre-based enterprises across the country

Questions a Resolution Must Answer1. How can unemployment be stopped?2. How can the federal system be implemented effectively for

production of human resources?3. How to stop brain drain?4. How can pace of development be increased in Nepal?5. How can proper human resource development be done?6. How can proper development of human resources be

done?7. How can proper development of natural resources be

done?8. How can biodiversity and wildlife of Nepal be conserved?9. How can existing human/natural resources be managed?

Referenceshttp://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nepal/publication/nepaldevelopmentupdate

http://lnweb90.worldbank.org/oed/oeddoclib.nsf/DocUNIDViewForJavaSearch/F61FFB4220608DB3852567F5005D834A

https://theodora.com/wfbcurrent/nepal/nepal_economy.html

http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-06-01/yadav-appointed-as-minister-for-health-raya-as-minister-for-urban-development.html

https://www.kullabs.com/classes/subjects/units/lessons/notes/note-detail/7826

https://www.kullabs.com/classes/subjects/units/lessons/notes/note-detail/294

https://www.google.com/search?q=legislative+parliament+of+nepal&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiT9YiDk8bcAhVMWH0KHRFwC54Q_AUoAXoECA4QAw&biw=1024&bih=613#imgrc=Yd_XB6DnV6VAmM:

http://interactions.eldis.org/unpaid-care-work/country-profiles/nepal/social-economic-and-political-context-nepal

http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nepal/publication/nepaldevelopmentupdate

http://www.ncdm.org.np/home_vision.php

Sites for Further Studywww.cpnuml.org

www.nepalicongress.org

www.mprfn.org

www.rppn.org

www.ucpnmaoist.org

www.ekantipur.com

www.thekathmandupost.com

www.thehimalayantimes.com

www.setopati.com

http://npc.gov.np/

http://www.lawcommission.gov.np/

https://tesmun2075.wordpress.com/

http://mof.gov.np/en/