A-03-DEMO

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TRAINING SUPPORT PACKAGE (TSP)

TSP Number 052-12C30-B03052-12B30-A03052-12B30-B03-CET-03

Title Calculate Breaching Charges

Task Number(s) 052-193-3024

/Title(s) Calculate Breaching Charges

Effective

Date 010201

Supersedes

TSP(s) All previous TSPs and LPs on this subject dated prior to 010201

TSP User UNITED STATES ARMY ENGINEER SCHOOLFORT LEONARD WOOD, MO 65473-8929 AND TASS SCHOOL BATTALIONS

Proponent UNITED STATES ARMY MANEUVER SUPPORT CENTERDIRECTORATE OF TRAINING DEVELOPMENTFORT LEONARD WOOD, MO 65473-8929

Comments/ Send comments and recommendations directly to

Recommen- COMMANDER, UNITED STATES ARMY MANEUVER SUPPORT CENTER

dations DIRECTORATE OF TRAINING DEVELOPMENTATTN: ATZT-DT-WR-E

FORT LEONARD WOOD, MO 65473-8929

Foreign This product has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the Fort

Disclosure Leonard Wood foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to military

Restrictions students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis.

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PREFACE

Purpose This training support package provides the instructor with a standard lesson planfor presenting instruction for:

Task number: 052-193-3024

Task title: Calculate Breaching Charges

Conditions: In a classroom given a hand-held calculator, FM 5-250, and theinformation needed to calculate explosives for the destruction of

concrete-slab bridges, concrete T beams, bridge abutments, andpermanent field fortifications.

Standard: Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six stepproblem solving format and breaching formulas in accordancewith FM 5-250.

This TSP

Contains

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Preface 2

Lesson 1 Section I - Administrative Data 3

Section II - Introduction 5Terminal Learning Objective 5

Section III - Presentation 6

A - Enabling Learning Objective 1 6

Section IV - Summary 11

Section V - Student Evaluation 12

Appendixes A - Slides Master 13

B - Test and Test Solutions (Not Applicable) 14

C - Practical Exercise and Solutions 15

D - Student Handout/Advance Sheet 20

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Calculate Breaching Charges

010201

SECTION I. ADMINISTRATIVE DATA

All Courses COURSE NUMBER(S) COURSE TITLE(S)

Including 030-12B30 Combat Engineer (BNCOC)

This Lesson 030-12C30 Bridge Crewmember (BNCOC)TATS CET SL30 Common Engineer Training (BNCOC)

Task(s) TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE

Taught or

Supported 052-193-3024 Calculate Breaching Charges

Reinforced TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE

Tasks None

Academic The Academic hours required to teach this course are as follows:

Hours:PEACETIME MOBILIZATION DL ADT IDTHRS/METH HRS/METH HRS/METH HRS/METH HRS/METH4.0/CO 4.0/CO 0.0 4.0/CO 0.02.0/PE 2.0/PE 2.0/PE

*Test 0.0 0.0 0.0

*Test Review 0.0 0.0 0.0

Total Hours 6.0 6.0 6.0

Test Lesson

Number HOURS LESSON NUMBERTesting: 4.0 052-12B30-B07

2.5 052-12C30-A053.0 052-12B30-B07-CET-13

Review of test results: 1.0 052-12B30-B070.5 052-12C30-A051.0 052-12B30-B07-CET-13

Prerequisite LESSON NUMBER LESSON TITLE

Lesson(s) None

Clearance

and Access Unclassified

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References

NUMBER TITLE DATE PARA. NO. ADDITIONALINFORMATION

FM 5-250 Explosives and Demolition’s July 98 Chapter 3

Section IV

Student Handout/Advance Sheet

Study

Assignments Read FM 5-250, Chapter 3 Section IV, prior to class.

Instructor

Requirements 1 ITC/SGI Certified Instructor, per classroom.

Additional

Support

Personnel

Requirements None

Equipment

Required Calculator / Overhead projector / Chalkboard or Dry Erase Board.Computerized Instructor Machine, ANDEV-COM-CIM

Materials INSTRUCTOR MATERIALS: TSP, FM 5-250.

RequiredSTUDENT MATERIALS: FM 5-250, Student notes and handouts

Classroom,

Training

Area, and

Range

Requirements 16 Students per classroom

Ammunition

Requirements None

Instructional Before presenting this lesson, instructors must thoroughly prepare by

Guidance studying this lesson and identified reference material.

Proponent NAME Rank Position Date

Lesson RALPH TURNER SFC 12B30 COURSE MANAGER 010201

Plan HAROLD DROSSEL CIV Chief, CMF 12 DOTD 010201

Approvals OLLIE JACKSON CIV Chief, Warrior Eng. Div, 010201

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SECTION II. INTRODUCTION

Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.1Media used : None

Motivator Correct calculation of breaching charges is essential to move friendly forcesthrough obstacles without being engaged and maintaining momentum either during the assault or a retrograde.

Terminal Note: Inform the students of the following terminal learning objective requirements.

Learning

Objective At the completion of this lesson you (the student) will:

Action: Calculate Breaching Charges

Conditions: In a classroom, given a hand held calculator, FM 5-250, informationneeded to calculate explosives for the destruction of concrete slabbridges, concrete T-beams, bridge abutments, and permanent fieldfortifications.

Standard: Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six step problem

solving format, and breaching formulas in accordance with FM 5-250.

Safety

Requirements None

Risk

Assessment

Level Low

Environmental

Considerations None

Evaluation The student will demonstrate skills/knowledge by scoring 70% or higher on the

end of annex examination.

Instructional

Lead-in Ask the students: Why and where would Combat Engineers use breachingcharges?

Expected response: From paragraph 3-37 page 3-18.

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SECTION III - PRESENTATION

A. Enabling Learning Objective A

NOTE: Inform the students of the Enabling Learning Objectives requirements.


Conditions: In a classroom, given a hand-held calculator, FM 5-250, and information

needed to calculate explosives for destruction of concrete slab bridges,concrete T-beams, bridge abutments, and permanent field fortifications.

Standard: Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six step problemsolving format and breaching formulas in accordance with FM 5-250.

1. Learning Step/Activity 1: Usage And Types Of Breaching Charges

NOTE: Before beginning this lesson instructor will make the student aware of the minimum safe distancerequirement for demolition’s by reviewing the safe distance tables on pages 6-6 and 6-7. Safe distancesformula for the amounts not listed in tables will be explained at the end of annex AAR.

Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.5

Media used : Slide

NOTE: Show Slide # 1 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-18

a. Ideal Locations

(1) Field fortifications.

(2) Bridges.

(3) Walls.

(4) Buildings.

(5) Dams.

NOTE: Show Slide # 2 Critical factors to consider.

b. Critical Factors

(1) Size of charge.

(2) Shape of charge.

(3) Placement and tamping of charge.

NOTE: Show Slide # 3 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-19,3-20.

c. Methods of calculating

(1) Formula

(2) Hasty

NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activity.

2. Learning Step/Activity 2: Formula Method For Breaching

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Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 1.8Media used : Slide

NOTE: Show Slide # 4 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-19

a. Breaching formula

* P = amount of TNT.

* R = Breaching radius in feet.

* K = Material factor.

* C = Tamping factor.

NOTE: Show Slide # 5 reference pg 3-20)

b. Breaching radius (Values of “R”)

(1) External- Round up to the next 1/2 foot.

(2) Internal- Round up to the next 1/4 foot.

NOTE: Show Slide # 6 reference table 3-5 pg 3-19.

c. Material factors.(Values of ‘K”)

(1) Type of material.

(2) R = breaching radius.

(3) K = material factor.

NOTE: Show Slide # 7

d. Tamping factors.(Values of “C”)

(1) Breaching reinforced concrete.

NOTE: Show Slide # 8 reference pg 3-23 para 3-44

e. Determine number of charges

* N = W2R

* Less than 1.25 use 1 charge

* 1.25 to 2.49 use 2 charges

* 2.5 or greater round off to the nearest whole number

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NOTE: Show Slide # 9 reference pg 3-4 Table 3-1 (pg 3-24, para 3-47

f. Charge thickness.(see chart)


NOTE: Walk students through this first problem on the board to help in understanding.

g. Sample Problem 1: Calculate the amount of explosives to rubble this dense concrete wall,using TNT, ground placed, untamped charges.(R=6’, H=10’, W=40’)


h. Solution, Clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.


I. Sample Problem 2: Calculate the amount of explosive required to breach 4 poor masonrywalls using M1 dynamite ground placed and untamped.(R=7’, W=70’)


j. Solution. clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.

NOTE: Give example problems (made up by the instructor) to clarify student understanding.


3. Learning Step/Activity 3: Hasty Method For Breaching

Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.8Media used : Slide

NOTE: Show Slide # 14 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-22 Table 3-6.

a. Hasty Calculation

(1) Calculation chart.

(2) Type of explosive.

(3) Type of concrete.

(4) Methods of placement.

NOTE: Show Slide # 15 reference FM 5-250 pg 3-22 Table 3-7.

b. Conversion factors

(1) Type of material.

(2) Multiply explosives by factor.

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c. Sample problem 3: Calculate the amount of C-4 required to rubble a dense concrete falling blockobstacle 4’ square and 30’ wide. * use ground placed untamped (hasty calculation)


d. Solution, clarify any student misunderstanding before moving on.


e. Sample problem 4: Calculate the amount of C-4 required to rubble a dense concrete wall 5’thick and 60’ wide. * use elevated untamped


f. Solution, clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.



4. Learning Step/Activity 4: Counter Force Charges

Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.7Media: Slide

NOTE: Show Slide # 20 reference pg 3-24 para 3-48.

a. Counter force charge

(1) Uses: effective against rectangular masonry or concrete columns 4 feet thick or less.

(2) Charge size: 1 and 1/2 lb of explosive per foot.

(3) Charge placement: split charges in half and place two halves directly opposite eachother on target.

(4) Charge detonation: charges must detonate simultaneously.



b. Sample problem 5: calculate the minimum amount of C-4 (M112) required to breach 80concrete cubes, 3’ thick.


c. Solution, clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.

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d. Sample problem 6: calculate the minimum amount of packages of M118 sheet explosiverequired to breach 50 cylinders, 4’ in diameter.


e. Solution, clarify any misunderstanding before moving on.


NOTE: Show Slide # 25 (Example)

f. Breaching hard-surface pavement.

NOTE: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the learning activities.

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SECTION IV - SUMMARY

Method of instruction : ConferenceInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 0.1Media used : Student handout

Review/ Inform the students that this lesson can be reviewed in FM 5-250; pages 3-18

Summarize through 3-25. Restate the action, conditions, and standard, restate the learning

Lesson activities, and then check on learning.

Check On Determine if students have learned the material presented by--

Learninga. Soliciting student questions and explanations.

b. Asking questions and getting answers from the students.

c. Correcting student misunderstandings.

Transition

To Next

Lesson Inform the students that the next lesson will be the practical exercise.

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SECTION V STUDENT EVALUATION

Testing Student will be evaluated on a written examination for the POI File number

Requirements 12B30-B03 (Ref TSP 12B30-B07), 12C30-A03 (Ref TSP 12C30-A05), 12B30-B03-CET-

-03 (Ref TSP 12B30-A07-CET-13). Student must score 70% or higher to receive a

GO. A 1 hour After Action Review will be conducted after the examination for

12B’s and CET. A 30 minute After Action Review will be conducted for the 12C’s.

NOTE: Include this information also in the Student Evaluation Plan which documents course

graduation requirements. The using school assigns course weight to the evaluation.

NOTE: Rapid, immediate feedback is essential to effective learning. Schedule and providefeedback on the evaluation and any information to help answer student’s questions aboutthe test. Provide remedial training as needed.

Feedback

Requirement The instructor must forward problems with the TSP to the proponent.

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Appendix A: Slides Master

Lesson Title: Calculate Breaching Charges

1. Ideal Locations2. Critical Factors3. Block Charges4. Breaching Formulas - P = R

3KC

5. Values of "R"6. Values of K7. Values of "C" (Tamping Factor)8. Number of Charges9. Thickness of Breaching Charge10. Problem 111. Solution12. Problem 213. Solution14. Hasty method15. Conversion Factors for Material Other Than Reinforced Concrete16. Problem 317. Solution18. Problem 419. Solution

20. Counterforce Charge21. Problem 522. Solution23. Problem 624. Solution25. Breaching Hard-surface Pavement (Example)

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Appendix B: Test and Test Solutions

Not Applicable

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Appendix C: Practical Exercise and Solutions

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET NO. 1

Title 052-193-3024 / Calculate Breaching Charges

Introduction Give detailed instructions on what is expected during the practical exercise.Work each problem using the six-step problem solving format.

Motivator Instructor will include the motivator for this practical exercise. Terminal Inform the students of the following terminal learning objective requirements.

Learning

Objective At the completion of this lesson you (the student) will:


Conditions: In a classroom, given a hand held calculator, FM 5-250,information needed to calculate explosives for destruction of concrete slab bridges, concrete T-beams, bridge abutments, andpermanent field fortifications.

Standard:

Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six step

problem solving format, and breaching formulas in accordancewith FM 5-250.

Method of instruction : Practical ExerciseInstructor to student ratio is : 1:16Time of instruction : 2.0Media used : Student Handout

Safety

Requirements None

Risk

Assessment

Level Low

Environmental

ConsiderationsNone

Evaluation The student will accurately calculate all breaching charges using the six stepproblem solving format.

Instructional All work must be shown in the six step problem solving format in order for short

Lead-In comings to be identified by the instructor.

Resource

Require

ment Calculator / Overhead projector / Chalkboard or Dry Erase Board.

Special Allow students 1 hour to solve problems, then review answers the second hour.

Instructions The student will accurately calculate all breaching charges using the six-stepproblem solving format in order for short comings to be identified by the instructor.Review the solutions to the practical exercise and review any questionsand/or shortcomings

Procedures Students will work the following problems

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1. Using the formula method for calculating breaching charges, how manypackages of C-4 (M112) are required to destroy a wall constructed of good masonry thatis 3 feet thick, 10 feet high, and 30 feet long ? The charge will be ground-placed anduntamped.

2. Using the table method for calculating breaching charges, how many packagesof C4 (M112) are required to destroy a wall constructed of dense concrete that is 6 feetthick, 12 feet high, and 24 feet long ? The charge will be elevated and untamped.

3. Using a counter force charge, how many packages of C-4 (M112) are required todestroy 20 concrete cubes that are 3 feet thick ?

4. Using the formula method for calculating breaching charges, how manypackages of C-4 (M112) are required to destroy a wall constructed of reinforced concretethat is 5 feet thick, 11 feet high, and 42 feet long ? The charge will be ground-placedand tamped.

5. Using the table method, how many packages of C-4 (M112) are required to destroya dense concrete wall that is 4 feet thick, and 28 feet long ? The charge will be ground-placed and untamped.

6. Using a counter force charge, how many packages of C-4 (M118 sheet

explosives) are required to destroy 18 concrete cubes that are 3.5 feet thick ?

NOTE: Students that finish early will be given additional problems that are made up byinstructor

Feedback

Require- Review the solutions to the practical exercise and review any questions and/or

ments shortcomings.

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Appendix C: Practical Exercise and Solutions


1. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 3' Thick10' High30' WideGood MasonryUse ground placed; untampedUse C-4 (M112)

Step 2: Calculate for TNT:P = R3KCP = 3x3x3 x .40 x 3.6 = 38.88 TNT

Step 3: Divide by RE Factor 38.88 ¸ 1.34 = 29.01 lbs C-4 (M112)

Step 4: Divide by package size; then round up to next package size:29.01 ¸ 1.25 = 23.20 _ 24 pkgs C-4 (M112)

Step 5: Calculate number of charges:N = W N=30 N=5

2R 6

Step 6: Total Explosives: 24 pkgs x 5 = 120 pkgs C-4 (M112)

2. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 6' Thick12' High24' WideDense ConcreteUse elevated untampedUse table methodUse C4 M112

Step 2: Calculate for pkgs of C4: Table Method: Elevated untamped; 6' ThickP = 147 lbs TNT per -charge 147 x .7 (Conversion Factor ) = 102.9 pkgs C4

Step 3: Divide by RE Factor: Omit.

Step 4: Round up to next package size: 102.9 _ 103 pkgs C4

Step 5: Calculate number of charges:N = W N= 24 N=2

2R 12

Step 6: Calculate Total Explosives: 2 Charges x 103 pkgs C4 = 206 pkgs C4

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Appendix C: Practical Exercise and Solutions (Continued)


3. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 20 Concrete Cubes 3' ThickUse C-4 (M112)Use Counter force Charge

Step 2: Calculate for C-4 (use rule of thumb)P = 1 ½ x ThicknessP = 1 ½ x 3P = 4.5 lbs C-4

Step 3: Divide by RE Factor: N/A

Step 4: Divide by package size; then round up to next package size:4.5 lbs ¸ 1.25 = 3.6 _ 4 pkgs C-4

Step 5: Calculate number of charges: 20 Cubes = 20 Charges

Step 6: Total Explosives: 20 Cubes x 4 pkgs = 80 pkgs C-4 (M112)

4. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 5' thick11' high42' widereinforced concreteground placed and tampedC4 (M112)

Step 2: Calculate for TNT:P=R3KC5x5x5 x .63 x 2.0 = 157.5 lbs TNT

Step 3: Divide by RE factor: 157.5 ¸ 1.34 = 117.53 lbs C4

Step 4: Divide by package size: 117.53 ¸ 1.25 = 94.02 round up to 95

Step 5: Calculate number of chargesN = W N=42 N=4.2 round down to 4

2R 10

Step 6: Total explosives: 95 x 4 = 380 pkgs C4 (M112)

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Appendix C: Practical Exercise and Solutions (Continued)


5. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 4' Thick28' WideDense concrete wallGround placed untampedUse table methodUse C4 M112

Step 2: Calculate for pkgs of C4: Table Method: Ground placed untamped; 4' ThickP = 111 lbs TNT per charge 111 x .7 (Conversion Factor ) = 77.7 pkgs C4

Step 3: Divide by RE Factor: Omit.

Step 4: Round up to next package size: 77.7 _ 78 pkgs C4

Step 5: Calculate number of charges:

N = W N=28 N=3.5 _ 42R 8

Step 6: Calculate Total Explosives: 4 Charges x 78 pkgs C4 = 312 pkgs C4

6. Step 1: Critical Dimensions: 18 Concrete Cubes 3.5' ThickUse C-4 (M118) Number of packagesUse Counter force Charge

Step 2: Calculate for C-4 (use rule of thumb)P = 1 ½ x Thickness P = 1 ½ x 3.5 P = 5.25 lbs C-4

Step 3: Divide by RE Factor: N/A

Step 4: Divide by package size; then round up to next package size:5.25 lbs ¸ .50 = 10.5 _ 11 sheets

Step 5: Calculate number of charges: 18 Cubes = 18 Charges

Step 6: Total Explosives: 11 sheets x 18 Charges = 198 = 49.5 o 504 pkgs

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Appendix D: Student Handout/Advance Sheet

Title 12B30-B03, Calculate Breaching Charges

12C30-A03

12B30-B03-CET-03

Terminal At the completion of this lesson you (the student) will:

Learning

Objective


Conditions: In a classroom, given a hand held calculator, FM 5-250,information needed to calculate explosives for destruction of concrete slab bridges, concrete T-beams, bridge abutments, andpermanent field fortifications.

Standard: Calculate breaching charges without error, using the six stepproblem solving format, and breaching formulas in accordancewith FM 5-250.

1. Lesson Summary:

a. Safety : Will be integrated, observed, and evaluated at all times.

b. Environmental : No major environmental impact

c. Risk : Low

2. General Instructions:

a. Conduct student reading : The following reading/familiarization will be completedprior to classroom instruction: FM 5-250, pg 3-18 through 3-25.

b. Participate in practical exercises.(see attached PE sheet).

3. Sequence of Activities:

a. Usage and types of breaching charges.

b. Formula method for breaching.

c. Hasty method for breaching.

d. Counterforce breaching charges.

4. Upon completion of each performance measure have instructor check your work.

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Appendix D: Student Handout/Advance Sheet (Continued)


1. Using the formula method for calculating breaching charges, how many packages of TNT arerequired to destroy a wall constructed of first class masonry that is 2 feet thick, 10 feet high, and 80 feetlong? The charge will be ground-placed and untamped.

2. Using the table method for calculating breaching charges, how many packages of M1 dynamite arerequired to destroy a wall constructed of dense concrete that is 5 feet thick, 8 feet high, and 44 feet long?The charge will be elevated and untamped.

3. Using a counter force charge, how many packages of C-4 (M118 block) are required to destroy 16concrete columns that are 3 feet 8 inches in diameter

4. Using the formula method for calculating breaching charges, how many packages of C-4 (M112) arerequired to destroy a wall constructed of reinforced concrete that is 6 feet thick, 16 feet high, and 62 feetlong? The charge will be placed in center of mass.

5. Using the table method, how many packages of C-4 (M112) are required to destroy a dense concretewall that is 7 feet 3 inches thick, and 18 feet long? The charge will be tamped.

6. Using a counter force charge, how many packages of C-4 (M118 sheet explosives) are required to

destroy 42 concrete cubes that are 2 feet 4 inches thick?

A-03-DEMO

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