9PS-Mine Closure Planning

7/24/2019 9PS-Mine Closure Planning

1/11

PRESENT STATUS OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNINGBy

Dr. Kaushik Dey

INTRODUCTION

According to Mudder and Harvey (1998), ro!er !"anning #or c"osure shou"d co$eduring the #easi%i"ity study, design and !er$itting !hases o# a $ine, and %e u!gradedduring o!erationa" "i#e. &his a!!roach has %eco$e the standard or is a re'uired!ractice today. &he "ack o# a !ro!er or u!dated $ine c"osure !"an can resu"t insevere environ$enta" and econo$ic conse'uences. nade'uate c"osure activities,ater $anage$ent, and aste rock dis!osa" !"ans have !ro$!ted une*!ected and,in so$e instances, unarranted secondary environ$enta" i$!act state$ents orassess$ents.+According to a-eri (1999), the o%ective o# $ine c"osure is to !rovide "ong/ter$sta%i"isation o# the geoche$ica" and geotechnica" conditions o# the distur%ed $iningareas to !rotect !u%"ic hea"th, and $ini$ise and !revent any additiona" or on/going

environ$enta" degradation. Mine c"osure is, ty!ica""y, re'uired at a ti$e hen theo!eration is no "onger econo$ica""y via%"e, hen cash #"o is o#ten severe"yrestricted or negative, and hen the va"ue o# assets is %e"o the e*!endituresre'uired to achieve the environ$enta" o%ective o# $ine c"osure. &he o%ective o#securing $ine c"osure #unding at an ear"y stage is to $itigate against the risk that anenter!rise $ay either %e uni""ing or una%"e to undertake $ine c"osure due to "ack o##unding. According to Mudder and Harvey (1998), the o%ectives #or c"osure o# aty!ica" hard rock $ine inc"ude $ini$ising "ong/ter$ environ$enta" "ia%i"ity, attainingregu"atory co$!"iance and $aintaining geotechnica" sta%i"ity, hi"e c"osing as 'uick"yand cost e##ective"y as !ossi%"e / in a $anner that returns the "and to a sa#e andsta%"e con#iguration #or !ost/$ining uses. 0o$e o# the key #eatures that $ust %e

considered during deco$$issioning and c"osure o# a $ine cou"d inc"ude anyunderground orkings, tai"ings i$!ound$ent, o!en !it, sur#ace aste rock du$!sand s!ent "each !ads.&here are $any di##erent ords used to descri%e c"osure inc"uding deco$$issioning,rec"a$ation, reha%i"itation, and !ost/c"osure. n this !a!er, deco$$issioning isre#erred to as the transitiona" !eriod %eteen cessation o# o!erations and #ina"c"osure. ec"a$ation re#ers to the !hysica" as!ects o# earth $oving, regrading andrevegetation. eha%i"itation is another ord #or c"osure used !ri$ari"y in countriesother than the 2nited 0tates. 3"osure is a ter$ reserved #or the !oint in ti$e at hichrevegetation has %een co$!"eted, e*cess so"utions have %een e"i$inated to thee*tent !ractica", the $a*i$u$ degree o# !assive $anage$ent has %eeni$!"e$ented, and a #ina" sur#ace and4or ground ater $onitoring !rogra$$e has%een initiated.+

OBJECTIVES OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNING

&he deve"o!$ent o# a 3"osure "an needs to take into account %oth the "ega"re'uire$ents and the uni'ue environ$enta", econo$ic and socia" as!ects o# theo!eration. 5ut"ined %e"o are the ty!ica" contents o# a 3"osure "an, hich i"" varyde!ending on individua" circu$stances. n deve"o!ing the 3"osure "an, the #o""oing#our key o%ectives shou"d %e ke!t in $ind6 &o !rotect the environ$ent and !u%"ic hea"th and sa#ety %y using sa#e and

res!onsi%"e c"osure !ractices7 &o reduce or e"i$inate environ$enta" e##ects once the $ine o!erations are

ceased7


2/11

&o esta%"ish conditions hich are consistent ith the !re/deter$ined "and/use

o%ectives at the end o# $ining o!erations7 &o reduce the need #or "ong/ter$ $onitoring and $aintenance %y esta%"ishing

e##ective !hysica" and che$ica" sta%i"ity o# distur%ed areas.0o, in essence, the o%ective o# $ine c"osure !"anning is &o ensure that the !rocesso# c"osure occurs in an order"y, cost/e##ective and ti$e"y $anner+ 1.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES

&his !art %rings together a nu$%er o# ideas centra" to !u%"ic !o"icy and hich $ay %eused to structure a $ine c"osure !o"icy regi$e.

&here shou"d %e a !"an #or $ine c"osure.

:egis"ation governing $ine c"osure shou"d %e #o""oed.

&here shou"d %e a search #or $ore a!!ro!riate techno"ogica" a"ternatives

#or i$!"e$enting a $ine c"osure !"an. &here shou"d %e a search #or $ore econo$ica""y a!!ro!riate a"ternatives

#or carrying out $ine c"osure. ;overn$ents shou"d take into account the interest and o!inions o# civi"

society, es!ecia""y those co$$unities direct"y a##ected %y $iningenter!rises.

&he e*!eriences o# those countries hich have a e"" deve"o!ed $ine

c"osure !o"icy regi$e shou"d %e taken into account. 0!eci#ic standards or c"osure re'uire$ents shou"d re#"ect a care#u"

%a"ancing o# the %ene#its and costs o# the standards or re'uire$ents. o"icies shou"d %e designed to encourage $ine oners to achieve a

s!eci#ic standard or re'uire$ent at "oest cost. o"icies shou"d %e designed to encourage or !rovide incentives #or

techno"ogica" innovation in $ine c"osure, to reduce costs o# co$!"iance(econo$ic incentives tend to !rovide greater incentives #or innovation thantechno"ogy or !er#or$ance standards).

5r in short61. Mine c"osure shou"d %e integral to the ho"e o# $ine "i#e !"an.. Cl#s&re "lanning is re'uired to ensure that c"osure is technica""y,

econo$ica""y and socia""y #easi%"e.?. &he dyna$ic nature o# c"osure !"anning re'uires reg&lar an!$riti$al re'ie( to re#"ect changing circu$stances. 1

LEGISLATIVE RE)UIREMENTS

@anda Hoskin, #ro$ 2, has dec"ared hi"e current !o"icy and "egis"ative#ra$eorks vary ide"y around the or"d, it is increasing"y i$!ortant that countries#or$u"ate c"ear, sta%"e and !redicta%"e !o"icies #or industry to #o""o. &hese !o"iciescan evo"ve %ut shou"d not #"uctuate nor %e une'ua""y a!!"ied. t is e'ua""y i$!ortantto recogni-e that each $ine is uni'ue, that so$e #"e*i%i"ity i"" %e re'uired as the$ine o!erates and that artisan, hard rock and coa"$ines and aggregate o!erations

are di##erent+.

G&i!ing Prin$i"les*


3/11

A"" $ines shou"d have a c"osure !"an and the co$%ined set o# activities shou"d

co$!"y ith e*isting regu"ations. &he co$!etent authority $ust a!!rove the c"osure !"an.

&he a#ore$entioned co$!etent authority sha"" veri#y regu"atory co$!"iance #or

a"" or !art o# the actions or co$$it$ents o# such a c"osure !"an.

&he i$!"e$entation o# a c"osure !"an $ay%e carried out gradua""y %eginningith the c"osure start/u!. 0hou"d there %e any changes in regu"ations governing these $atters, or any

other techno"ogica" or o!erationa" a"terations, the $ine c"osure !"an $ay %e$odi#ied.

5nce the !"an is !ut into o!eration, the co$!etent authority sha"" issue a

recognition o# the sa$e that, in certain cases, $ay %e on"y !artia". ach c"osure !"an i"" address s!eci#ic re'uire$ents according to the

!articu"ar #eatures o# each $ine. &he c"osure !"an shou"d set out the #inancia" $eans #or ensuring its

su%se'uent e*ecution.

P&r"#se*

&o %e a%"e to count on a %ody o# syste$atic regu"ations that a!!roach $ine

c"osure in an integra" $anner. &o %e a%"e to count on a $odern and e##icient govern$enta" ad$inistration

and su!ervision o# the entire !o"icy regi$e a##ecting $ine c"osure. &o achieve har$oni-ation o# a"" such !o"icy regi$es in the country.

T%e In!ian S$enari#*

&he 3entra" ;overn$ent vide oti#ication o. ;0 =..


4/11

=. MoE shou"d %ring out detai"ed guide"ines on deco$$issioning o# a $ine siteand !ost c"osure $onitoring.

>. nsure !"anning #or c"osure as under M3D

MET+ODOLOG, OF MINE CLOSURE PLANNING

ro!er !"anning #or c"osure shou"d co$e during the #easi%i"ity study, design and!er$itting !hase o# a $ine, and %e u!graded during o!erationa" "i#e. &he "ack o# anu!/to/date $ine c"osure !"an can resu"t in severe environ$enta" and econo$icconse'uences (Mudder Harvey, 1998).&he %road ai$s o# c"osure !"anning are to6

rotect the environ$ent and !u%"ic hea"th and sa#ety %y using sa#e and

res!onsi%"e c"osure !ractices7

educe or e"i$inate adverse environ$enta" e##ects once the $ine ceases

o!erations7

sta%"ish conditions hich are consistent ith the !re/deter$ined end "and

use o%ectives7 and

educe the need #or "ong/ter$ $onitoring and $aintenance %y esta%"ishing

e##ective !hysica" and che$ica" sta%i"ity o# distur%ed areas.

Integrati#n*

3"osure shou"d %e integra" to the ho"e o# $ine "i#e !"an. Mine c"osure shou"d not %ean end o# $ine "i#e !rocess+, %ut shou"d %e integra" to ho"e o# $ine "i#e+ i# it is to %esuccess#u". "anning #or c"osure shou"d co$$ence at the #easi%i"ity !hase o# ano!eration. n this ay, #uture constraints on, and costs o#, $ine c"osure can %e$ini$ised, !ost/$ining "and use o!tions can %e $a*i$ised and innovative strategies

have the greatest chance o# %eing rea"ised. &he $ine c"osure !"anning shou"d %e anintegra" !art o# $ine !"anning to ensure the !rocess o# c"osure occurs in an order"y,cost/e##ective and ti$e"y $anner.

Risk-ase! A""r#a$%*

A risk/%ased a!!roach to !"anning shou"d reduce %oth cost and uncertainty. 3urrenttrends in c"osure !"anning invo"ve technica" revie and ana"ysis o# risk and cost%ene#it in %oth engineering and environ$enta" ter$s. &he advantages o# a risk/%ased a!!roach to c"osure !"anning "ie in the 'uanti#ication o# su%ective #actors andthe ana"ysis o# uncertainty re"ated to %oth design !er#or$ance and cost (Morrey,1999). &he o%ective o# a risk/%ased a!!roach is to reduce %oth cost and uncertainty.

CLOSURE PLANS

3"osure !"ans shou"d %e deve"o!ed to re#"ect the status o# the !roect or o!eration. At"east to ty!es o# c"osure !"an i"" %e re'uired through the "i#e o# a $ine7 a3once!tua" 3"osure "an (!roect !hase) and the Actua" 3"osure "an (o!erations!hase)6

G A 3once!tua" 3"osure "an #or use during #easi%i"ity, deve"o!$ent and detai"eddesign7 and

G An Actua" 3"osure "an #or use during construction, o!eration and !ost/o!eration

C#n$e"t&al Cl#s&re Plan*A 3once!tua" 3"osure "an identi#ies the key o%ectives

#or $ine c"osure to guide !roect deve"o!$ent and design. t shou"d inc"ude %road"and use o%ectives and indicative c"osure costs.(&his does not !rec"ude "and useo%ectives %eing varied during the $ine "i#e to re#"ect changes in %oth kno"edge andtechno"ogy).


5/11

A$t&al Cl#s&re Plan* 3"osure !"anning inc"udes a co$$it$ent to !rogressivereha%i"itation and detai"ed !"an deve"o!$ent and i$!"e$entation. A nu$%er o#su%sidiary !"ans need to %e deve"o!ed as the 3"osure "an evo"ves. &hese ty!ica""yinc"ude6 a reha%i"itation !"an, a deco$$issioning !"an and a $aintenance and$onitoring !"an.Rehabilitation plan:A key co$!onent o# the 3"osure "an is a co$$it$ent to!rogressive reha%i"itation. n conunction ith an active research and tria"!rogra$$es, this $ay assist in $ini$ising ongoing conta$ination and reduce #ina"costs %y con#ir$ing or $odi#ying co$!"etion criteria and de$onstrating that they can%e $et. rogressive reha%i"itation a""os %est use o# avai"a%"e !ersonne" ande'ui!$ent and shou"d assist in $ini$ising re'uired security de!osits.Decommissioning plan: As a detai"ed co$!onent o# the 3"osure "an, adeco$$issioning !"an shou"d %e deve"o!ed toards the #ina" stages o# an o!eration.(As the e*act date #or ceasing !roduction is rare"y knon, it is suggested that thedeco$$issioning !"an %e deve"o!ed < to > years !rior to esti$ated cessation). 5nceesta%"ished it shou"d %e u!dated annua""y. &he deco$$issioning !"an inc"udes such

things as6 detai"s o# the de$o"ition and re$ova" or %uria" o# a"" structures not re'uired#or other uses7 re$ova", re$ediation or enca!su"ation o# conta$inated $ateria"s7 andthe !rocedures #or $aking sa#e and sea"ing, o!enings to underground orkings.Maintenance and monitoring plan: &he "ast as!ect o# the 3"osure "an is!er#or$ance $onitoring, hich shou"d %e designed to de$onstrate that theco$!"etion criteria have %een $et. &his !eriod shou"d a"so !"an #or re$edia" actionhere $onitoring de$onstrates co$!"etion criteria are un"ike"y to %e $et. #!rogressive reha%i"itation has %een success#u", ith sta%i"isation and revegetation$eeting co$!"etion criteria this "ast !hase o# c"osure $ay %e shortened. t is,hoever, un"ike"y to %e "ess than ? years in duration.

C#ntent # Cl#s&re Plans .Cana!ian Vie(s/

A c"osure !"an $ust inc"ude the #o""oing6(a) &he na$e and address o# the !ro!onent or o!erator o# the !roect7(%) &he na$e o# the !roect7(c) &he "ega" descri!tion o# the !roect site7(d) &he na$e, address and te"e!hone nu$%er o# any !erson authori-ed to act on

%eha"# o# the !ro!onent or o!erator in res!ect o# the !"an7(e) &he sur#ace rights, $inera" rights or $inera" access rights he"d %y the

!ro!onent or o!erator in res!ect o# the !roect site7(#) &he !revious use o# the !roect site7(g) A descri!tion o# any !revious distur%ance or other activity that has, or cou"d

have, resu"ted conta$ination o# the !roect site or "and adoining the site7(h) 3urrent conditions and activities on the site and security $easures e$!"oyed7(i) A !"an shoing the "ocation and use o# e'ui!$ent, $achinery, %ui"dings and

other structures on the !roect site or in the area in hich the site is "ocated7() A !"an o# the !roect site or the area in hich the site is "ocated, dran to

sca"e and shoing the %oundaries o# the !ro!onentIs sur#ace rights and theareas ithin those %oundaries that i"" or cou"d %e su%ect to distur%ance,a"teration or conta$ination as a resu"t o# the !roect7

(k) Mining and $i""ing !rocesses to %e e$!"oyed in the o!eration o# the !roectand the !"anned !roduction "eve"s e*!ressed in tonnes !er day7

(") &he e*!ected "i#e o# the !roect e*!ressed in $onths or years7($) &he nature, "ocation and e*!ected si-e o# areas #or the storage o# tai"ings,

inc"uding associated structures and treat$ent syste$s7(n) Da$s and other drainage contro" structures and detai"s o# atercourses7(o) 3ron !i""ars and $ine o!enings to the sur#ace7


6/11

(!) An assess$ent o# the e##ect o# a"" $ine o!enings on the sta%i"ity o# the sur#aceareas a%ove and adacent to areas o# $ining activity to deter$ine hether thesur#ace areas are "ike"y to %e distur%ed7

(') A descri!tion and schedu"e o# any deve"o!$ent ork that cou"d causedistur%ances or ha-ards at the !roect site or "and adoining the site7

(r) &he nature and "ocation o# syste$s #or the treat$ent, $anage$ent ordis!osa" o# aste and #or storage o# !etro"eu$ !roducts, che$ica"s,ha-ardous su%stances and to*ic su%stances7

(s) *!ected conditions o# and uses #or the !roect site #o""oing !er$anentc"osure o# the !roect and reha%i"itation o# the site7

(t) &he stages %y hich the !roect i"" %e te$!orari"y or !er$anent"y c"osed, aschedu"e o# the !ractices and !rocedures %y hich !rogressive reha%i"itationo# the !roect site i"" %e carried out during the "i#e o# the !roect and at eachstage o# c"osure7

(u) &he $onitoring to %e carried out at the !roect site during the "i#e o# the !roectand at each stage o# c"osure7

(v) &he !rocedures to %e used to eva"uate and veri#y co$!"iance ith the !"anduring the "i#e o# the !roect and at each stage o# c"osure7

C#ntent # Cl#s&re Plans .A&stralian Vie(s/ 012

&y!ica" contents o# a 3"osure "an (not a $ini$u$ re'uire$ent or te$!"ate)6G ntroduction roect Descri!tion

J :and tenureG 5%ectives o# 3"osureG Base"ine nviron$enta" DataG :ega" 5ther 5%"igations

J Key statutes regu"ations

J es!onsi%"e AuthorityJ egu"atory instru$ents

G 0takeho"der nvo"ve$entJ 0takeho"der identi#icationJ 3o$$unity consu"tation

G isk Assess$entJ *isting "egaciesJ Euture risksJ 3ost4%ene#it ana"ysis

G 3"osure 3riteriaG 3"osure 3osts

J rovisionsJ 0ecurities

G 3"osure Action "anJ Hu$an resources4res!onsi%i"itiesJ rogressive reha%i"itationJ Deco$$issioningJ e$ediationJ ;eotechnica" assess$entJ :and#or$ esta%"ish$entJ evegetationJ AestheticsJ HeritageJ Hea"th sa#etyJ ost/c"osure $aintenance $onitoringJ 0urvey (re$aining structures areas o# conta$ination)


7/11

J Docu$entation4re!orting4recordsG &ene$ent e"in'uish$ent

C#ntent # Cl#s&re Plans .In!ian Vie(s/ 032

1. ntroduction6&he na$e o# the "essee, the "ocation and e*tent o# "ease area, the ty!e o# "ease area(#orest, non/#orest etc), the !resent "and use !attern, the $ethod o# $ining and$inera" !rocessing o!erations, shou"d %e given.1.1 easons #or c"osure6 &he reasons #or c"osure o# $ining o!erations in re"ation toe*haustion o# $inera", "ack o# de$and, unecono$ic o!erations, natura" ca"a$ity,directives #ro$ statutory organisation or court etc. shou"d %e s!eci#ied.1.< 0tatutory o%"igations 6 &he "ega" o%"igations, i# any hich the "essee is %ound toi$!"e$ent "ike s!ecia" conditions i$!osed hi"e e*ecution o# "ease deed, a!!rova" o#$ining !"an, directives issued %y the ndian Bureau o# Mines, conditions i$!osed %y

the Ministry o# nviron$ent and Eorests, 0tate o# 3entra" o""ution 3ontro" Board or%y any other organisation descri%ing the nature o# conditions and co$!"iance!osition thereo# shou"d %e indicated here (the co!ies o# re"evant docu$ents $ay %eattached as Anne*ure).1.= 3"osure !"an !re!aration6 &he na$es and addresses o# the a!!"icant andrecognised 'ua"i#ied !erson ho !re!ared the Mine 3"osure "an and the na$e o#the e*isting agency shou"d %e #urnished. A co!y o# the reso"ution o# the Board o#Directors or any other a!!ro!riate ad$inistrative authority as the case $ay %e on thedecision o# c"osure o# $ine shou"d %e su%$itted.

.1 Mined/5ut :and6 Descri%e the !ro!osa"s to %e i$!"e$ented #or rec"a$ation andreha%i"itation o# $ined/out "and inc"uding the $anner in hich the actua" site o# the!it i"" %e restored #or #uture use. &he !ro!osa"s shou"d %e su!!orted ith re"evant


8/11

!"ans and sections de!icting the $ethod o# "and restoration 4 rec"a$ation 4reha%i"itation.>.< @ater Lua"ity Manage$ent6 Descri%e in detai" the e*isting sur#ace and groundater %odies avai"a%"e in the "ease areas and the $easures to %e taken #or!rotection o# the sa$e inc"uding contro" o# erosion, sedi$entation, si"tation, atertreat$ent, diversion o# ater courses , i# any, $easures #or !rotection o#conta$ination o# ground ater #ro$ "eaching etc. Luantity and 'ua"ity o# sur#aceater %odies shou"d a"so %e indicated and corrective $easures !ro!osed to $eetthe ater 'ua"ity con#or$ing the !er$issi%"e "i$its shou"d a"so %e descri%ed. e!orto# hydro"ogica" study carried out in the area $ay a"so %e su%$itted. &he ater%a"ance chart shou"d %e given. # there is !otentia" o# Acid Mine Drainage thetreat$ent $ethod shou"d %e given.>.= Air Lua"ity Manage$ent6 Descri%e the e*isting air 'ua"ity status. &he corrective$easures to %e taken #or !revention o# !o""ution o# air shou"d %e descri%ed.>.>. @aste Manage$ent6 Descri%e the ty!e, 'ua"ity and 'uantity o# over%urden,$inera" reect etc. avai"a%"e and their dis!osa" !ractice. # no uti"isation o# aste

$ateria" is !ro!osed, the $anner in hich the aste $ateria" i"" %e sta%i"isedshou"d %e descri%ed. &he !rotective $easures to %e taken #or !revention o# si"tation,erosion and dust generation #ro$ these aste $ateria"s shou"d a"so %e descri%ed. #to*ic and ha-ardous e"e$ents are !resent in the aste $ateria" the !rotective$easures to %e taken #or !revention o# their dis!ersa" in the air environ$ent,"eaching in the sur#ace and ground ater etc, shou"d %e descri%ed.>.? &o! 0oi" Manage$ent6 &he to! soi" avai"a%"e at the site and its uti"isation shou"d%e descri%ed.>.C &ai"ing Da$ Manage$ent6 &he ste!s to %e taken #or !rotection and sta%i"ity o#tai"ing da$, sta%i"isation o# tai"ing $ateria" and its uti"isation, !eriodic de/si"ting,$easures to !revent ater !o""ution #ro$ tai"ings etc., arrange$ent #or sur!"us ater

over#"o a"ong ith detai" design, structura" sta%i"ity studies, the e$%ank$entsee!age "oss into the receiving environ$ent and ground ater conta$inant i# anyshou"d %e given.>. n#rastructure6 &he e*isting in#rastructura" #aci"ities avai"a%"e such as roads, aeria"ro!eays, conveyer %e"ts, rai"ays, !oer "ines, %ui"dings structures, atertreat$ent !"ant, trans!ort, ater su!!"y sources in the area etc. and their #utureuti"isation shou"d %e eva"uated on case to case %asis. # retained, the $easures to %etaken #or their !hysica" sta%i"ity and $aintenance shou"d %e descri%ed. #deco$$issioning !ro!osed, dis$ant"ing and dis!osa" o# %ui"ding structures, su!!ort#aci"ities and other in#rastructure "ike e"ectric trans$ission "ine, ater "ine, gas!i!e"ine, ater orks, seer "ine, te"e!hone ca%"es, underground tanks,

trans!ortation in#rastructure "ike roads, rai"s, %ridges, cu"verts etc., e"ectrica"e'ui!$ents and in#rastructures "ike e"ectric ca%"es, trans#or$ers to %e descri%ed inconnection ith restoring "and #or #urther use.>.8 Dis!osa" o# Mining Machinery6 &he deco$$issioning o# $ining $achineries andtheir !ossi%"e !ost $ining uti"isation, i# any, to %e descri%ed.>.9 0a#ety and 0ecurity6 *!"ain the sa#ety $easures i$!"e$ented to !revent accessto sur#ace o!enings, e*cavations etc., and arrange$ents !ro!osed during the $inea%andon$ent !"an and u!to the site %eing o!ened #or genera" !u%"ic shou"d %edescri%ed.>.1 Disaster Manage$ent and isk Assess$ent 6 &his shou"d dea" ith action !"an#or high risk accidents "ike "ands"ides, su%sidence #"ood, inundation in underground

$ines, #ire, seis$ic activities, tai"ing da$ #ai"ure etc. and e$ergency !"an !ro!osed#or 'uick evacuation, a$e"iorative $easures to %e taken etc. &he ca!a%i"ity o# "esseeto $eet such eventua"ities and the assistance to %e re'uired #ro$ the "oca" authorityshou"d a"so %e descri%ed.


9/11

>.11 3are and $aintenance during te$!orary discontinuance6 Eor every #ive year"yrevie (as given in the $ining sche$e), an e$ergency !"an #or the situation o#te$!orary discontinuance or inco$!"ete !rogra$$e due to court order or due tostatutory re'uire$ents or any other un#oreseen circu$stances, shou"d inc"ude a !"anindicating $easures o# care, $aintenance and $onitoring o# status o# un!"anneddiscontinued $ining o!erations e*!ected to re/o!en in near #uture. &his shou"d detai"ite$ ise status $onitoring and $aintenance ith !eriodicity and o%ective.

?. cono$ic e!ercussions o# c"osure o# $ine and $an!oer retrench$ents6Man!oer retrench$ent, co$!ensation to %e given, socio/econo$ic re!ercussionsand re$edia" $easures conse'uent to the c"osure o# $ines shou"d %e descri%ed,s!eci#ica""y stating the #o""oing.?.1 u$%er o# "oca" residents e$!"oyed in the $ine, status o# the continuation o##a$i"y occu!ation and sco!e o# oining the occu!ation %ack.?.< 3o$!ensation given or to %e given to the e$!"oyees connecting ith sustenanceo# hi$se"# and their #a$i"y $e$%ers.?.= 0ate""ite occu!ations connected to the $ining industry / nu$%er o# !ersons

engaged therein / continuance o# such %usiness a#ter $ine c"oses.?.> 3ontinued engage$ent o# e$!"oyees in the reha%i"itated status o# $ining "easearea and any other re$nant activities.?.? nvisaged re!ercussions on the e*!ectation o# the society around due to c"osureo# $ine.

C. &i$e 0chedu"ing #or a%andon$ent6 &he detai"s o# ti$e schedu"e o# a""a%andon$ent o!erations as !ro!osed in !ara/> shou"d %e descri%ed here. &he$an!oer and other resources re'uired #or co$!"etion o# !ro!osed o% shou"d %edescri%ed. &he schedu"e o# such o!erations shou"d a"so %e su!!"e$ented %y &(rogra$$e va"uation evie &echni'ue), Bar/chart etc.

. A%andon$ent 3ost6 3ost to %e esti$ated %ased on the activities re'uired #ori$!"e$enting the !rotective and reha%i"itation $easures inc"uding their $aintenanceand $onitoring !rogra$$e.

8. Einancia" Assurance6 &he #inancia" assurance can %e su%$itted in di##erent #or$sas stated in u"e


10/11

3"osure !"anning is re'uired to ensure that c"osure is technica""y, econo$ica""y andsocia""y #easi%"e. Being a%"e to success#u""y c"ose a $ine, is critica" to !roecta!!rova". t is necessary to ensure that c"osure is technica""y, econo$ica""y andsocia""y #easi%"e ithout incurring "ong/ter$ "ia%i"ities. &hese issues are initia""yaddressed in the 3once!tua" 3"osure "an, hich shou"d inc"ude !re"i$inary "anduse o%ectives to ensure that c"osure conce!ts are #actored into #ina" !roect design.

Reg&lar an! Criti$al Re'ie(

&he dyna$ic nature o# c"osure !"anning re'uires regu"ar and critica" revie to re#"ectchanging circu$stances. &he 3"osure "an shou"d %e $odi#ied as a resu"t o# anyo!erationa" change, ne regu"ations or ne techno"ogy, and shou"d %eco$!rehensive"y revieed on a regu"ar and !re/deter$ined cyc"e (e.g. every = to ?years). t shou"d a"ays re$ain #"e*i%"e enough to co!e ith une*!ected events. &he"an shou"d inc"ude the $anage$ent o# socia" as e"" as environ$enta" issues.

Eig. 1 J rocedura" ste!s o# $ine c"osure

CONCLUSIONS

&here are %asica""y to $ain as!ects o# $ine c"osure !"anning J #irst"y,environ$enta" sta%i"isation and second"y, the econo$ic re!ercussions. A$ong these,

econo$ic re!ercussion de$ands udicia" !"anning ith es!ecia" consideration o# thesenti$ents o# the "oca" residents. t is evident that a"ternate resource generation inter$s o# cu"tivation is a"$ost i$!ossi%"e. n #act, !ost $ine "and !ro#i"e !er$its set u!neither o# industries nor o# other "ong ter$ resource generation activities. &his "eadsto $igration o# the "oca" residents in search o# #ood. A co$$on so"ution to this


11/11

!ro%"e$ can not %e esta%"ished. Hoever, a site/s!eci#ic guide"ine shou"d have %eenesta%"ished #or the $ines in #uture.

Reeren$es*1 Anon ( !!.> Morrey, D.. (1999), rinci!"es o# cono$ic Mine 3"osure, ec"a$ation 3ost

Manage$ent+, e$ediation and Manage$ent o# Degraded :ands.M.H. @ong etal. (eds). :eis, e Oork.

? Anon (1988) Minera" 3oncession and Deve"o!$ent u"es+.C Anon (

9PS-Mine Closure Planning

Documents

Transcript of 9PS-Mine Closure Planning