99 CHAPTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved....
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Transcript of 99 CHAPTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved....
9-2
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Competencies
Discuss connectivity, the wireless revolution, and communication systems
Describe physical and wireless communications channels
Discuss connection devices
Describe data transmission factors
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Competencies cont.
Discuss networks and key network terminology
Describe the different types of networks
Describe network architectures
Describe organizational uses of Internet technologies
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What is Communication?
The process of sharing data, programs, and information between two or more computers
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Communication Channels
Channels carry data from one computer to
another
Two categories of communication channels
Physical connection
Wireless connection
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Physical Connections
Telephone lines
Coaxial cable
Fiber-optic cable
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Wireless Connections
Infrared
Broadcast radio
MicrowaveStations
Bluetooth
SatelliteUplink/Downlink
Global Positioning System
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More on Satellites
Global positioning Network of 24 satellites
Owned by the Defense Department
Global positioning system (GPS)Devices used to determine location
Provides navigational support
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Connection Devices
Types of signalsAnalog
Digital
Types of modemsInternal
External
PC Card
Wireless
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Types of Connections
Digital subscriber line (DSL)Uses existing phone lines
ADSL (Asymmetric digital subscriber line)
Cable modemsUses existing TV cable
Provides speeds as fast as DSL at a lower cost
Satellite/air connection services Seven times faster than dial-up
Slower than DSL & cable modem
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User Connection Costs & Speeds
Type Fee Speed Seconds to Get Images
Dial-up $16 56 kbps 45.0
DSL 50 1.5 mbps 1.7
Cable Modem 40 1.5 mbps 1.7
Satellite 70 900 kbps 2.8
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Bandwidth
Measurement of the capacity of the channel
Categories Low bandwidths or Voiceband
Medium band
BroadbandUsed for high capacity transmission
Used by DSL, cable & satellite
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Protocols
Set of communication rules
Standard for Internet: TCP/IPTransmission control protocol/Internet protocol
Identifies devices
Reformats information
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Networks
A computer network is a communication system
Connects two or more computers
Allows information exchange
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Network Terms
Node
Client
Server
Hub
Network interface cards (NIC)
Network operating system (NOS)
Distributed processing
Host computer
Network manager
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Network Types
Local area networks
Home networks
Metropolitan area networks
Wide area networks
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Network Architecture
Architecture describes how a network is arranged
Arrangement is called topology
Types of network topologyStar
Bus
Ring
Hierarchical
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Star Network
Smaller computers linked to a central unit
Central unit is called the network hub
Control is maintained by polling
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Bus Network
Each device handles its own communication control
There is no host computer
Has a common connecting cable called a backbone
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Ring Network
Each device is connected to two other devices
No central file server or computer
Useful in a decentralized environment
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Hierarchical Network
Several computers linked to a central host
Computers are hosts to other computers
Useful in centralized organizations
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Strategies
Strategy is a way of coordinating the sharing of information and resources
Common network strategiesTerminal
Client/server
Peer-to-peer
Peer-to-Peer Network System
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Internets and Extranets
IntranetsPrivate network within an organization
Provides information to employees
ExtranetsPrivate network that connects organizations
Used to allow suppliers and others access
FirewallsSecurity system
Protects against external threats
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A Look to the FutureWireless Robotic Car
Pod car (Personalization on Demand)
Predicts and responds
Designed to learn and adapt to an individual's driving needs and habits
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Key Terms
802.11 (239)analog signal (240)application server (243)asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) (241)backbone (249)bandwidth (241)base station (245)bits per second (bps) (240)
Bluetooth (239)
broadcast radio (238)
broadband (242)
bus (249)
bus network (249)
cable modem (241)
cellular phone system (245)
client (243)
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Key Terms
client/server network system (251)
coaxial cable (238)
communications (246)
communication channel (237)
communication device (237)
communication server (243)
communication system (237)
computer network (243)
connection device (237)
connectivity (236)
database server (243)
data transmission specification (237)
dedicated server (243)
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Key Terms
demodulation (240)
dial-up service (240)
digital signal (240)
digital subscriber line (DSL) (241)
dish (239)
Distributed data processing system (249)
distributed processing (243)
Domain name server (DNS) (242)
downlink (239)
external modem (240)
extranet (243)
fiber-optic cable (238)
file server (243)
firewall (253)
Gnutella (252)
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Key Terms
global positioning (239)
global positioning system (GPS) (239)
hierarchical network (249)
home network (245)
host computer (243)
hub (243)
hybrid network (249)
infrared (238)
internal modem (240)
intranet (253)
IP address (Internet Protocol address) (242)
LAN adapter (243)
line of sight communication (238)
Local area network (LAN) (244)
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Key Terms
low bandwidth (241)
medium band (242)
metropolitan area network (MAN) (245)
microwave (239)
microwave station (239)
modem (240)
modulation (240)
Napster (251)
network administrator (243)
network architecture (248)
network gateway (244)
network hub (248)
network interface card (NIC) (243)
network manager (243)
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Key Terms
network operating system (NOS) (243)
node (243)
packet (242)
PC card modem (240)
peer-to-peer network system (252)
polling (248)
printer server (243)
protocol (242)
proxy server (254)
receiving device (237)
regional network (245)
ring network (249)
satellite (239)
Satellite/air connection service (241)
sending device (237)
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Key Terms
server (243)
star network (248)
strategy (250)
TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol) (242)
telephone line (238)
terminal network system (250)
time-sharing system (249)
T1, T2, T3, T4 lines (240)
topology (248)
transceiver (238)
transfer speed (240)
transfer rate (240)
transmission medium (237)
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Key Terms
twisted pair (238)
uplink (239)
voiceband (241)
voice grade (241)
Web server (243)
wide area network (WAN) (245)
Wi-FI (wireless fidelity) (239)
wireless LAN (WLAN) (245)
wireless modem (240)
wireless receiver (245)
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FAQs
What is fiber-optic cable?
My Palm Pilot uses Bluetooth. What is it?
What is a modem?
What is DSL? How does it work?
How fast is broadband bandwidth?
What is a local area network?
What is meant by peer-to-peer?
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Discussion Questions
Discuss what is meant by the wireless revolution.
Discuss the four types of service connections.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the four network topologies.
Explain the connections in a home network.
Describe the different network topologies.
Describe a GPS system.