9789088903335 - Ball & Arnoldussen 2015 - Metaaltijden 2 - eBook

7/23/2019 9789088903335 - Ball & Arnoldussen 2015 - Metaaltijden 2 - eBook

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fìhradoe è ho stuhò vae ho kotaactìhoe

Zt`jmtèd Kotaactìhoenehorznol Eohorcaeh

kotaactìhoe

rohajtò9

O.A.D. Facc & Z. Arenchussoe


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Z`hostneo RrossA eow doeorat`ne ng Rufc`smèd

Pnu aro roahèd a gucc vors`ne ng tm`s fnnl, gnr groo!

Xm`s fnnl `s part ng tmo Z`hostneo o-c`frary wmoro knst ng nur

pufc`jat`nes aro guccy ajjoss`fco gnr groo. Gnr ajjoss tn knro

groo fnnls v`s`t9 www.s`hostneo.jnk/c`frary

Hnwecnah Gucc RHG

W`s`t tmo Z`hostneo o-c`frary tn frnwso nur o-fnnls. Gnr a kè`kac

goo ynu jae purjmaso a guccy guejt`neac RHG aeh fy hnèd sn, ynu

mocp tn loop nur c`frary rueeèd.

www.s`hostneo.jnk/c`frary


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Z`hostneo Rross

kotaact`ihoe


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fìhradoe è ho stuhò vae ho kotaactìhoe

kotaactìhoe

rohajtò9

O.A.D. FACC & Z. Arenchussoe


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621? @eh`v`huoco autours

_`tdodovoe hnnr Z`hostneo Rross, Co`hoewww.s`hostneo.jnk

@ZFE 04=-02-==02-:::-?

Wnrkdovèd fèeoeworl oe nkscad9 Z`hostneo Rross

Gntn nkscad9 skoctlrnos tìhoes oxpor`koetooc frnesdòtoe(Gntn Ka`loc Luìpors)< toloeèd arkfaeh vaeLossoc-C`tmso Mak hnnr @. Jcoìeo, FAAJ.

Nnl fosjm`lfaar acs9o-fnnl (RHG)9 @ZFE 04=-02-==02-::8-6


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Kotaactìhoe 6 wnrht npdohradoe aae Iay Inrhae Futcor, hò zìe covoe caedpufc`joorho nvor ho frnesvnehstoe u`t ho Eohorcaehso kotaactìhoe.

* Rm`cahocpmà, _ZA0 apr`c 1061

Maroe, Eohorcaeh:1 envokfor 6218


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@emnuhsnpdavo

Wae fodè oe oèho9 prnhujtò oe hopns`tò è ho Kotaactìhoe 0

Ztìe Arenchussoe & Oudoeo A.D. Facc

Ng fodèeèd aeh oeh9 prnhujt`ne aeh hopns`t`ne è cator prom`stnry 1:


Znko tmnudmts ne quac`ty aeh sl`cc è Oarcy Frnezo Ado axos 10

Ka`loc M.D. Luìpors

Gradkoetoe vae ooe dòtkac u`t ho cato frnestìh to Juìl 60

Karcòe Iaessoes

Ooe k`hhoe-frnestìhvorrassèd9 M`cvorsuk-aarhoworl u`t ooe :4

fìznehoro jnetoxt to X`cfurd-Ztappodnnr

Z`kneo Fcnn, Aeeokarò Lnn` & Ins Lcoìeo

Mot vorfnrdoe fostaae vae ooe frnesfc`lloe arkfaeh. Ooe 80

faddorvnehst u`t ho C`tmso Mak to Lossoc (dokooeto Nss)

Dorarh vae Acpmoe & Còsfotm moue`ssoe

A hojnratoh @rne Ado aetcor nfiojt grnk tmo Ennrhmng sottcokoet s`to 71

Tatorèdso Woch, Xmo Maduo

Karcnos Vìlocìlmu`zoe, Aeeokòlo Worfaas & Maes Zòknes

Ho f`ndragò vae kaacstoeoe9 Kotaactìhoe 41

Karàe I.A. Koclort

Mot vorcatèdsr`tuooc9 ooe pndèd tnt rojnestrujtò =:

Rotor vae hoe Frnolo

Farrnws aeh furàcs ng tmo Cato Eonc`tm`j aeh Frnezo Ado grnk Wocsoe 121

(Ennrh-Mnccaeh, tmo Eotmorcaehs)

Ins Lcoìeo

Wocsoe-Yu`hocìlo Jacak`to`toefnnd. Mno vor ro`lto ho oèhor è mot 11:

Eohorcaehso lustdofòh è ho k`hhoe-frnestìh>Vnfort K. vae Moorèdoe

Cato frnestìhfnoroe oe mue pnttoe è ho Nuho Huèoe fì Ho Y`cl 16?

(dokooeto Ennrhwìlormnut)

Z`kneo Fcnn & @r`s Fròcs

Mot jrokatòdragvoch vae Hoe Maad è mot c`jmt vae Atcaet`sjmo 1:?

gueora`ro r`tuocoe

Duy Ho Kuchor


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Tmoe uregòchs cnso tmo`r koaeèd Xmo jaso ng K`hhco aeh 180

Cato @rneAdo maf`tat`ne ak`hst tmo Ennrhfardo uregòchZtìe Arenchussoe & Rauc J.M. Acfors

@Izortìhfowneèd9 ooe tnotsèd vae ho fowneèdsknhoccoe vnnr 141

cnjatòlouzo oe hokndragò

aco @. Tnctmu`s & Ztìe Arenchussoe

Nvorz`jmt vae autours Kotaactìhoe 6 1=4


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0

Wae fodè oe oèho9 prnhujtò oehopns`tò è ho Kotaactìhoe


Arjmoncndò acs wotoesjmap hraa`t nk lwac`tatòvo foochvnrkèd nvor dokooe-sjmappoe u`t mot vorcohoe np fas`s vae ho rostoe hò zì ajmtorcòtoe. _`t ho grad-koetoe vae fnttoe trajmtoe nehorznolors ho voostapoc ng jnesukptòpatrneoe to

morco`hoe, u`t cnsso paacspnroe trajmtoe wo ho wnnemu`zoe to rojnestruoroe oe u`tho sjmorvoe mot nnrsprnelocìlo sorvòsdnoh. Mnowoc mot morco`hoe vae ho nuhor-hnk oe ho nnrsprnelocìlo guejtò vae nuhtìhso gradkoetoe actìh ooe focaedrìlornc zac mnuhoe è ho arjmoncndò, netstaat or mòrkoo ovoeooes ooe r`s`jn np ooewat to foporlto foeahorèd vae kator`co juctuur. Eòt scojmts ho nnrsprnelocìlovnrk oe guejtò `s vooczoddoeh, kaar nnl aaehajmt vnnr ho wìzo waarnp vnnr-worpoe wnrhoe dokaalt (woclo drnehstnggoe zìe dolnzoe, woclo tojmeòloe zìedofru`lt, woclo vaarh`dmohoe waroe haarvnnr enh`d>) lae nes edaedoe dovoe nvormno dokooesjmappoe hostìhs zocgtodoe mue kator`co juctuur aaeloloe. Ho stu-hò eaar prnhujtòwìzoe oe patrneoe vae dofru`l, mordofru`l oe roparatò, coort

nes koor hae guejt`neac`st`sjmo ng typnjmrnencnd`sjmo typorèdoe accooe. Nnl motnehorznol eaar ho kaeòr waarnp agstaeh `s dohaae vae nfiojtoe fcìlt ooe rìlofrne to zìe vae èz`jmt è fowust koesocìl maehocoe è mot vorcohoe. Eòt accoarjmoncnd`sjmo rostoe zìe dohajmtocnns acs agvac ajmtordocatoe ng fodravoe. Or zìednoho aaewìzèdoe hat fopaacho jatodnròe vae katoràcoe e fopaacho jnetoxtoefowust worhoe dohopneoorh (fìvnnrfooch ajmtordocatoe acs nggors). Yn fcìlt hodomoco covoescnnp vae nfiojtoe, vae prnhujtò tnt hopns`tò, ooe waarhovnc stuhò-torroè. H`t wnrht downnecìl aaedohu`h acs ooe f`ndrag`sjmo foeahorèd.

Waeag ho iaroe 02 vae ho twèt`dsto oouw `s mot f`ndrag`sjm porspojtòg, znacsdoesp`roorh hnnr Lnpytngg (10=7) oe Dnshoe (1000< Dnshoe & Karsmacc 1000),fèeoe ho arjmoncndò vaal np ho vnnrdrneh dotrohoe. Fì h`t è ossoetò aetrnpn-cnd`sjm porspojtòg wnrht dotrajmt ooe vormaaccìe np to stoccoe waarè ho vorsjm`c-coeho (kndocìlo) covoesstahà (vae nfiojtoe, arjm`tojtuur otj.) ho aaehajmt lrìdoeoe waarfì mot stoccoe vae ho iu`sto vradoe hò ez`jmt fòhoe e ho faehfroohto vaekndocìlo louzos joetraac staat (woclo nptòs zìe kndocìl e hozo covoesgaso>). @eho wnnrhoe vae @dnr Lnpytngg (10=7, 77-74)9

@e hnèd tmo f`ndrapmy ng a tmèd, neo wnuch asl quost`nes s`k`car tn tmnso neoasls afnut ponpco9 Tmat, snj`ncnd`jaccy, aro tmo f`ndrapm`jac pnss`f`c`tòs èmoroetè `ts status aeh è tmo por`nh aeh jucturo, aeh mnw aro tmoso pnss`f`c`tòs roac-

`zoh> Tmoro hnos tmo tmèd jnko grnk aeh wmn kaho `t> Tmat mas fooe `ts jaroorsn gar, aeh wmat hn ponpco jnes`hor tn fo ae `hoac jaroor gnr sujm tmèds> Tmat


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aro tmo rojnde`zoh ados nr por`nhs è tmo tmèds c`go, aeh wmat aro tmo jucturackarlors gnr tmok> Mnw hnos tmo tmèds uso jmaedo w`tm `ts ado, aeh wmat mappoestn `t wmoe `t roajmos tmo oeh ng `ts usoguceoss>

@e ho Eohorcaehso arjmoncndò moogt ho f`ndrafisjmo foeahorèd kot eako wnrtocdosjmntoe è stuhòs dor`jmt np ho juctuurcaehsjmappocìlo sjmaac (M`hhèd, Lncoe

& Zpol 6221< Lncoe 622?< Lncoe & T`tto 6227< Worvcnot ot ac. 6212). H`t s npkor-locìl, aaedozòe or guehakoetoco prnfcokoe zìe fì tnopassèd vae Lnpytnfls foea-horèd np caehsjmappoe (wò fopaact ooe start- ng oèhpuet vae juctuurcaehsjmap>,jg. Worvcnot ot ac.6212, 1:8) oe or ooe mnnd r`s`jn s hat jucturoco f`ndrafio vorwnrhttnt ooe fuzzwnrh vnnr wat ahoquator fowneèdsdosjmòhoe`s znu knotoe motoe.Haarkoo lnkt mot f`ndrafisjm porspojtòg vor ag to staae vae ho vac`ho oe waarhovnccotnopassèdwìzo hò Lnpytnfl nnrsprnelocìl vnnrzad. Haelfaro vnnrfoochoe fotrog-goe fìvnnrfooch ho tnopassèd vae mot f`ndrafisjm porspojtòg è stuhòs vae mot mu`s(Dorr`tsoe 622:) ng np spoj`fiolo jatodnròe vae kator`co juctuur (Gnetìe 622:

Toclo varàtòfroohto è vnrk, katoràac ng stìc vae nfiojtoe was woesocìl ng tnodo-staae> Mno vormnuhoe z`jm cnlaco varàetoe tnt dokpnrtoorho dnohoroe>

Nehorznol vae dravoe lae nes u`toraarh vooc coroe nvor ho hopns`tògaso vaenfiojtoe, oe ho covoescnnp hò zì haaraae vnnragdaaeh loehoe, kaar h`t snnrt nehor-znol `s tnt eu tno vnnrac tnodopast np eonc`tm`sjmo jnetoxtoe (Toetèl ot ac. 6211,kaar zò Gnetìe & Wae hor Waart 621:). Nnl hopns`tòcnjatòs è znwoc ho eattorocaehsjmapshocoe acs fèeoe ho eohorzottèdoe zìe ègnrkatòvo jnetoxtoe (Gnetìe622:< Arenchussoe 622=, 886-888), kaar hozo wnrhoe eòt vaal aaedotrnfloe oeend kèhor vaal vaeu`t ooe f`ndrafisjm porspojtòg doaeacysoorh. Zpoj`fiolo nehor-znolsvradoe e hozo r`jmtèd netfroloe vorhor nnl vaal fì mohoehaads jnkkorjòocnehorznol. Yn netfroloe koostac aetwnnrhoe np vradoe acs Np woclo wìzoe oe èwoclo staat worh or aae mot oèho vae ooe covoescnnp agstaeh dohaae vae nfiojtoe>.

Nk eòuwo aaehajmt to r`jmtoe np jrujàco oe egnrkatòvo gasoe aae mot fodèoe aae oèho vae ho covoescnnp vae nfiojtoe, was mot tmoka vae ho Kotaactìhoehad6218 Wae fodè oe oèh9 prnhujtò oe hopns`tò è ho Kotaactìhoe. _`thrullocìlstneh mòrfì hus mot f`ndrag`sjm porspojtòg tnodopast np kator`co juctuur joetraac,waarfì ho sprolors `s dovraadh z`jm np fnvoestaaeho vradoe to r`jmtoe. Ynhnoehoworhoe è mot tmokat`sjmo hooc vae ho had cozèdoe dodovoe nvor ho prnhujtò vae


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frnezoe fìcoe (K. Luìpors< hozo fuehoc), vae ìzor (E.. Frusdaarh< Frusdaarh otac. è hrul


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Acs rohajtouroe w`ccoe wì mòr draad nezo spnesnrs fohaeloe, FAAJ fv oeArjmnc fv, znehor wò ho tntstaehlnkèd vae hozo fuehoc eòt kndocìl znu zìe.H`t docht ovoezn vnnr ho vrìw`cc`dors vae ho Zt`jmtèd KotaactìhoenehorznolEohorcaeh, hò worloe fì ue`vors`to`toe, arjmoncnd`sjmo fohrìvoe oe ho VJO, hò

iaarcìls ho Kotaactìhoehad oe ho Kotaactìhoefuehoc vorznrdoe.

Wooc coospcozòr!

Ztìe Arenchussoe & Oudoeo A.D. Facc(Vohajtò Kotaactìhoe 6)


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1:

Ng fodèeèd aeh oeh9 prnhujt`ne aehhopns`t`ne è cator prom`stnry


Arjmaoncndy as a sjmncarcy h`sj`pcèo mas tmo sjòet`g`j rojnestrujt`ne ng jnkku-e`tòs è tmo past, fasoh ne tmo`r katoràc rokaès, as `t kaè nfiojt`vo. Grnkspcètors ng fneo, rosoarjmors str`vo tn rojnestrujt tmo jnkpns`t`ne ng c`vostnjl nr

pattores ng jnesukpt`ne aeh `sncatoh pnstmncos aro ass`deoh tn mnuso pcaes aehsmorhs ng pnttory aro usoh tn jnestrujt tafcowaro. Entw`tmstaehèd tmo gajt tmathotorkèèd tmo ado aeh nr`dèac guejt`nes ng nfiojts w`cc acways gnrk a joetrac`ssuo è arjmaoncndy, tmoro `s a r`sl ng a neo-s`hoh apprnajm tnwarhs katoràc juc-turo. Nr`dèac gnrk aeh guejt`ne aro fut part ng tmo stnry, as attoet`ne tnwarhs tmoways è wm`jm nfiojts woro jragtoh (wmat katoràcs woro jmnsoe, wm`jm tojme`quosworo appcòh, wmat sl`ccs woro roqu`roh>) `s acsn vory rowarhèd, as `t mnchs akpcoègnrkat`ne afnut mnw jnkkue`tòs e tmo past oedadoh katoràc jucturo tmoksoc-vos. Arjmaoncnd`jac aeacys`s ng tmo prnhujt`ne prnjossos, pattores ng uso, rouso aehropa`r aro acc ègnrkat`vo ne a covoc foyneh tmat ng guejt`neac`sk aeh typnjmrnen-

cndy acneo. Knronvor, tmo stuhy ng tmo way ponpco h`sjarhoh nfiojts è tmo past masacsn prnvoe tn yòch r`jm ès`dmts ètn past mukae ajt`ne. Ent acc arjmaoncnd`jacrokaès roprosoet koaeèdcosscy h`sjarhoh nfiojts nr furòh wasto. moro `s snuehov`hoejo tmat jortaè typos ng nfiojts, aeh ent necy frnezos, woro hoc`foratocy ho-pns`toh e jortaè typos ng jnetoxts (o.d.cogt fomèh as nggorèds). Jcoarcy, tmo stuhyng tmo oet`ro c`go-m`stnry ng nfiojts, grnk tmo`r prnhujt`ne tn tmo`r hopns`t`ne, masprnvoe a gort`co gòch ng stuhy jnkknecy hos`deatoh as tmo f`ndrapm`jac apprnajm.

Zèjo tmo eèotòs ng tmo gnrkor joetury tmo f`ndrapm`jac apprnajm (as èsp`rohfy Lnpytngg (10=7) aeh Dnshoe (1000< Dnshoe & Karsmacc 1000)) mas daèohknkoetuk. m`s ossoetàccy aetmrnpncnd`jac grakownrl tròs tn jnestrujt earra-t`vos (gnr nfiojts, arjm`tojturo ot jotora) è wm`jm tmo h`ggoroet pnss`fco c`go-stadosaro h`sjussoh, aeh è wm`jm aslèd tmo prnpor quost`nes yòchs ègnrkat`ne ne tmofaehw`htm ng npt`nes ava`cafco aeh jmnsoe. As @dnr Lnpytngg (10=7, 77-74) masput `t9

@e hnèd tmo f`ndrapmy ng a tmèd, neo wnuch asl quost`nes s`k`car tn tmnso neoasls afnut ponpco9 Tmat, snj`ncnd`jaccy, aro tmo f`ndrapm`jac pnss`f`c`tòs èmoroetè `ts status aeh è tmo por`nh aeh jucturo, aeh mnw aro tmoso pnss`f`c`tòs roac`-zoh> Tmoro hnos tmo tmèd jnko grnk aeh wmn kaho `t> Tmat mas fooe `ts jaroorsn gar, aeh wmat hn ponpco jnes`hor tn fo ae `hoac jaroor gnr sujm tmèds> Tmat


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aro tmo rojnde`zoh ados nr por`nhs è tmo tmèds c`go, aeh wmat aro tmo jucturackarlors gnr tmok> Mnw hnos tmo tmèds uso jmaedo w`tm `ts ado, aeh wmat mappoestn `t wmoe `t roajmos tmo oeh ng `ts usoguceoss>

@e Hutjm arjmaoncndy, tmo f`ndrapm`j apprnajm mas kaècy fooe appcòh w`tmtmo gòch ng (jucturac) caehsjapo stuhòs (M`hhèd, Lncoe & Zpol 6221< Lncoe

622?< Lncoe & T`tto 6227< Worvcnot ot ac. 6212). m`s `s str`lèd, as tmoro aroguehakoetac `ssuos wmoe tryèd tn appcy Lnpytnggs apprnajm tn caehsjapos ( o.d.wmat hotorkèos tmo start nr oeh pnèt ng a jucturac caehsjapo>, jg. Worvcnot ot ac.6212, 1:8) aeh tmoro s a s`de`g`jaet r`sl ng tmo jnejopt ng jucturac f`ndrapmy foèdrohujoh tn a fuzzwnrh, syeneyk gnr wmat aro ossoetàccy m`stnròs ng caehsjapo usoaeh maf`tat`ne. mat wnuch fo a cned way ng, grnk tmo vac`h aeh gort`co apprnajmtmat Lnpytngg ètoehoh. Knro su`tafco appc`jat`nes ng tmo f`ndrapm`jac apprnajmjae fo gnueh e stuhòs ng tmo mnuso(mnch) (o.d. Dorr`tsoe 622:) nr stuhòs ng part`-jucar jatodnròs ng katoràc jucturo (o.d. Gnetìe 622:< Wae Dìe 6212< Vaokaolorsot ac. 6211), tmat prosoet fottor aeacndòs, e torks ng tmo`r c`go-m`stnròs, (`.o.f`rtm/prnhujt`ne, c`go/uso-c`go, hoatm/h`sjarh) tn mukae c`go-jyjcos aeh tmus su`t tmo f`n-drapm`jac apprnajm fottor tmae caehsjapo stuhòs.

As arjmaoncnd`jac gòchwnrl doeoraccy tardots tmo cnjat`nes woro katoràcjucturo was usoh(`.o.sottcokoets), tmo twn ntmor aejmnr-pnèts gnr a f`ndrapm`jacearrat`vo tmo start (prnhujt`ne) aeh tmo oeh (h`sjarh aeh hopns`t`neac pattores)aro uehorroprosoetoh. Agtor ae oxjavat`ne ng a sottcokoet s`to, necy rarocy hntmo oxjavat`ne ropnrts ra`so quost`nes as tn wmoro è tmo jucturac caehsjapo tmoprnhujt`ne ng tmo wnnhoe, kotac aeh jorak`j artogajts h`h ajtuaccy talo pcajo. Entnecy aro sujm prnhujt`ne s`tos rarocy gnueh aeh tmus pnnrcy lenwe, tmo prnhujt`neprnjossos ng tmo artogajts rojnvoroh acsn kor`t knro stuhy. Tmat jmn`jos woro kahoè socojtèd faso katoràcs aeh è tnncs aeh tojme`quos appcòh> Tmat hodroo ngvaràf`c`ty è katoràcs, styco nr gnrks ng nfiojts was hos`roh nr tncoratoh> Mnw h`hcnjaccy kaeugajturoh nfiojts jnkparo tn `kpnrtoh dnnhs>

@g neo waets tn coare knro afnut tmo hopns`t`ne pmaso ng nfiojts, tmo stuhy nggueorary jnetoxts `s vory ègnrkat`vo yot tm`s typo ng stuhy mas tmus gar fooe ue-hortaloe kaècy w`tm Eonc`tm`j jnetoxts (Toetèl ot ac. 6211, yot jnkparo Gnetìe& Wae hor Waart 621:). Ahh`t`neaccy, tmo stuhy ng ètoet`neac hopns`t`nes è (wot)parts ng tmo caehsjapo nr sottcokoet spajo mas prnvoe es`dmtguc (o.d.Gnetìe 622:.

n hraw knro attoet`ne tn tmo jr`t`jac aeh ègnrkat`vo pmasos at tmo fodèeèdaeh oeh ng nfiojts c`gojyjco, `t was hoj`hoh tn socojt Ng fodèeèd aeh oeh9prnhujt`ne aeh hopns`t`ne è cator prom`stnry as tmo kaè tmoko gnr tmo 6218Kotaactìhoehad jnccnquùk. @e tmo jacc, oxpc`j`t attoet`ne was h`rojtoh tnwarhstmo f`ndrapm`jac apprnajm appcòh tn katoràc jucturo aeh spoalors woro jaccohupne tn ahhross tmo `ssuos h`sjussoh afnvo. Ajjnrhèdcy, tmo tmokat`j prosoetat`nes


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jnkpr`soh prosoetat`nes ne tmo prnhujt`ne ng frnezo axos (Lu`ipors, tm`s vncuko),ne `rne prnhujt`ne (E.. Frusdaarh< Frusdaarh`e pross


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Gèaccy, as oh`tnrs wo wnuch c`lo tn tmael nur spnesnrs, FAAJ fv aeh Arjmncfv, w`tmnut wmnk tmo pufc`jat`ne ng tmo vncuko wnuch ent mavo fooe pnss`fco.

To aro oquaccy dratoguc tn tmo vncuetoors ng tmo Zt`jmtèd KotaactìhoenehorznolEohorcaeh wmn wnrlèd at ue`vors`tòs, arjmaoncnd`jac ue`ts aeh stato adoejòs accnt sparo t`ko tn nrdae`so tmo yoarcy Kotaactìhoehad jnccnquùk aeh pufc`sm `ts

prnjoohèds è tmo Kotaactìhoe soròs.

To sèjorocy mnpo ynu oeiny tmo prosoet vncuko.

Ztìe Arenchussoe & Oudoeo Facc(Oh`tnrs Kotaactìhoe 6)

C`toratuur/rogoroejos

Arenchussoe, Z. 622=.A C`vèd Caehsjapo. Frnezo Ado sottcokoet s` tos è tmo Hutjm r`vor aroa(j. 6222-=22 FJ), Co`hoe9 Z`hostneo pross (prnogsjmr`gt).

Arenchussoe, Z. oe Frusdaarh, E.. 621?. Rrnhujt`ne è hopns`t`ne9 strujturoh hopns`t`-ne ng @rne Ado `rnewnrlèd ocokoets (mo Eotmorcaehs). Cueuca Arjmaoncndà prntnm`s-tnr`ja]]@@@, 11?-168.

Fuctoe, O. oe Npfrnol, K. 6218. Ooe jrokatòdragvoch è ho huèoe vae hoe Maad, è9moue`ssoe, O.K. oe Arenchussoe, Z. (roh.),Kotaactìhoe 1. Fìhradoe è ho stuhò vaeho Kotaactìhoe. Co`hoe9 Z`hostneo pross, ?4-7?.

Frusdaarh, E.., Gnlloes, M., AZ, Z.G.K. vae oe Mu`skae H.I. è hrul. mo pntoet`-ac ng kotac hofr`s9 a Cato @rne Ado `rnewnrlèd s`to at Nss-Zjmaclslakp, snutmoreEotmorcaehs.Arjmncnd`sjmos Lnrrospnehoezfcatt.

Gnetìe, H.V. 622:. Zajr`g`jàc Caehsjapos. Jucturac f`ndrapmòs ng porsnes, nfiojts aeh ea-turac pcajos è tmo Frnezo Ado ng tmo snutmore Eotmorcaehs, j. 6:22-722FJ. AeacojtaRraom`stnr`ja Co`hoesà ::/:8. Co`hoe9 _e`vors`to`t Co`hoe (prnogsjmr`gt).

Gnetìe, H.V. oe Waart, Z. vae hor 621:. H`skaetcoh, traesgnrkoh, aeh hopns`toh pro-m`stnr`j frnezo grnk tmo joetro ng knueh, è9 Gnetìe, H.V., Waart, Z. vae hor oe

Iaesoe, V. (ohs.), raesgnrkat`ne mrnudm Hostrujt`ne. A kneukoetac aeh oxtranrhèaryOarcy @rne Ado Maccstatt J farrnw grnk tmo r`tuac caehsjapo ng Nss/Yovoefordoe. Co`hoe9Z`hostneo pross, 1?1-108.

Dorr`tsoe, G. 1000. mo jucturac f`ndrapmy ng @rne Ado mnusos aeh tmo cned-tork traesgnr-

kat`ne ng sottcokoet pattores è tmo snutmore Eotmorcaehs, è9 Gafojm, J. oe Vèdtvoh,I. (roh.), Zottcokoet aeh Caehsjapo. Rrnjoohèds ng a jnegoroejo è rmus, Hoekarl, Kay8-4 100=. rmus9 rmus _e`vors`ty, 1:0-18=.

Dìe, A. C. vae 6212. Gcèt è Gnjus. C`tm`j F`ndrapmòs è tmo Eonc`tm`j aeh Frnezo Ado.Co`hoe9 Z`hostneo pross.

Dnshoe, J. oe Karsmacc, P. 1000. mo jucturac f`ndrapmy ng nfiojts. Tnrch Arjmaoncndy:1(6), 170-14=.


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M`hhèd, K., Lncoe, I. oe Zpol, . 6221. Ho f`ndragò vae mot caehsjmap. Networp vnnrooe ètoreo kuct`h`sj`pcèa`ro foeahorèd vae ho caehsjmapsdosjmòhoe`s oe mot juc-tuurm`stnr`sjm orgdnoh, è9 Fcnokors, I.M.G., Hurèd, V., Ocorò, I.E.M., Drnoeoehìl,M.A., M`hhèd, K., Zpol, . oe Tìeoe, K.M. (roh.), Fnhokarjmòg è fomnuh oe net-w`llocèd< ho jnejoptuoco drnehscadoe, Hoe Maad9 ETN, 4-120.

Lncoe, I. 622?. Ho f`ndragò vae mot caehsjmap9 hrò ossays nvor caehsjmap, dosjmòhoe`s oeorgdnoh,Akstorhak9 Wrìo _e`vors`to`t vae Akstorhak (prnogsjmr`gt).

Lncoe, I. oe T`tto, K. 6227. A f`ndrapm`j apprnajm tn rod`nes, aeh `ts vacuo gnr spatàcpcaeeèd, è9 vae hor Leaap, T. oe Wacl, A. vae hor (roh.),Kuct`pco caehsjapo9 Kordèd

past aeh prosoet. Zocojtoh papors grnk tmo g`gtm @etoreat`neac Tnrlsmnp ne ZustaèafcoCaeh _so Rcaeeèd, 4-0 Iueo 6228, Tadoeèdoe9 ETN/T_V-Caeh _so RcaeeèdDrnup, 16?-18?.

Lnpytngg, @. 10=7. mo jucturac f`ndrapmy ng tmèds9 jnkknh`zat`ne as a prnjoss, è9 A.Appahurà (roh.), mo snjàc c`go ng tmèds. Jakfr`hdo Ztuhòs è Znjàc aeh JucturacAetmrnpncndy. Jakfr`hdo9 Jakfr`hdo _e`vors`ty Rross, 78-21.

Eòuwmng, A. 621?. O`dmt mukae sluccs è a hued moap aeh knro9 V`tuac prajt`jo è tmo torprod`ne ng tmo enrtmore Eotmorcaehs, 722 FJ - AH :22. Drneèdoe9 Vìlsue`vors`to`tDrneèdoe (prnogsjmr`gt).

Vaokaolors, H.J.K., Douvorèl, I., Zjmopors, K., uè, F.R., Cadokaat, O. vae hor oeTac, K. vae hor 6211. A f`ndrapmy è stneo 9 typncnd y, ado, guejt`ne aeh koaeèd ngOarcy Eonc`tm`j porgnratoh wohdos è tmo Eotmorcaehs. Drneèdoe Arjmaoncnd`jac Ztuhòs18. Drneèdoe9 Farlmu`s.

Vnykaes, E.D.A.K., Caae, I. vae hor, Mu`skae, H.I. oe Ns, F. vae 6218. Ca eodcass arkrèds è Ournpo. @etorrod`neac jneeojt`v`ty aeh cnjac `hoet`ty jnestrujt`ne.

Arjmncnd`sjmos Lnrrospnehoezfcatt88(6), 61?-66=.Worvcnot, I.A.I., Fool, V. vae oe Loueoe, C.I. 6212. A f`ndrapmy ng tmo jucturac caehsjapo

è tmo oastore Eotmorcaehs, è9 Fcnokors, ., Lars, M., Wacl, A. vae hor oe Tìeoe,K. (roh.), mo Jucturac Caehsjapo & Mor`tado Rarahnx. Rrntojt`ne aeh Hovocnpkoet ngtmo Hutjm Arjmaoncnd`jac-M`stnr`jac Caehsjapo aeh `ts Ournpoae H`koes`ne. Akstorhak9

Akstorhak _e`vors`ty Rross, 1:1-18=.

Toetèl, L., Dìe, A.C. vae oe Gnetìe, H.V. 6211. Jmaedèd jnetoxts, jmaedèd koaeèds9Gcèt axos è K`hhco aeh Cato Eonc`tm`j jnkkue`tòs è tmo enrtmore Eotmorcaehs,è9 Hav`s, W. oe Ohknehs, K. (roh.), Ztneo Axo Ztuhòs @@@. Nxgnrh9 Nxfnw fnnls,:00-82=.


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Znko tmnudmts ne quac`ty aeh sl`cc èOarcy Frnezo Ado axos

Ka`loc M.D. Luìpors

Loywnrhs9 quac`ty, sl`cc, katoràc jucturo, Oarcy Frnezo Ado axos

@etrnhujt`ne

Ky a`k è tm`s papor `s tn tmèl afnut quac`ty h`ggoroejos fotwooe nfiojts tmataro tmo rosuct ng h`ggoroet covocs ng sl`cc ng tmo kalor, fojauso sujm nfsorvat`nesrarocy sook tn fo tmo sufiojt ng a wocc-hokarjatoh aeacyt`jac apprnajm. Gnr oxak-pco, jnkparo tmo axos è g`duros 1, 6, aeh :. @ suspojt c`ttco h`sadrookoet ne tmonfsorvat`ne tmat tmoro aro h`ggoroejos fotwooe tmok è sykkotry ng tmo fcaho aehgcaedos, tmo fcaho gajot, smarpeoss ng tmo gcaedos, tmo nvoracc gè`sm, aeh nfv`nuscyhojnrat`ne. @ wnuch prnfafcy acsn dot away w`tm arduèd tmat tmo g`rst axo appoarsscnppy aeh tmo tm`rh vory sl`cguccy kaho. @e gajt, è cast yoars kotaactìhoefuehocoxajtcy tm`s cattor rokarl was kaho aeh axo :, tmo gcaedoh axo grnk M`cvorsuk-

Mnnreofnodso Mo`ho, `s hosjr`foh as ae oxjoccoet pòjo ng wnrlkaesm`p (Futcor,moue`ssoe & vae Ns 6218, 62). @ hn ent eojossar`cy h`sadroo, aeh tmo gnccnwèd`s ent koaet as a jr`t`quo, fut sujm a iuhdokoet `s ètr`duèd aeh @ w`sm tn talo `tas tmo startèd pnèt gnr a fròg rogcojt`ne ne sl`cc aeh quac`ty. @ w`cc necy prnv`hosnko tmnudmts moro tmat kay mocp tn uetaedco tmoso rocatoh jnejopts as tm`s `sent tmo pcajo tn dn ètn hota`c (fut soo Luìpors 6218). m`s papor `s koaet as aeèjoet`vo gnr tmo stuhy ng sl`cc aeh quac`ty e arjmaoncnd`jac nfiojts e doeorac, aehhosp`to tmat ky rogcojt`nes aro fasoh ne Frnezo Ado axos, @ talo tmo aeacys`s ng sujmjnejopts tn fo ng ètorost gnr katoràc jucturo stuhòs as a wmnco.

H`soetaedcèd quac`ty aeh sl`cc

Quac`ty aeh sl`cc aro oetaedcoh jnejopts, fut tmo rocat`nesm`p fotwooe tmok `s entstra`dmtgnrwarh. yp`jaccy, a sl`cguccy kaho nfiojt `s rodarhoh tn fo ng m`dm quac`ty(aeh v`jo vorsa). mo M`cvorsuk axo a Rruelfo`c ajjnrhèd tn Futcor, moue`ssoe& vae Ns (6218) `s a dnnh oxakpco wmoro tm`s assnjàt`ne sooks tn pcay `ts part.

Tmat @ w`sm tn okpmas`so è tm`s papor `s tmat è tm`s jnkknecy kaho assnjàt`neae `kpnrtaet aspojt sc`ps uehor tmo rahar9 purpnso. @ w`cc attokpt tn jcar`gy tm`s fyp`jlèd apart wmat wo aro ajtuaccy hnèd wmoe tm`s assnjàt`ne `s kaho.


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mo oetaedcokoet fotwooe quac`ty aeh sl`cc ar`sos grnk ae uehorstaehèd ngsl`cc as tmo af`c`ty tn hn snkotmèd wocc.1m`s koaes tmat sl`cc è tmo kalèd ngsnkotmèd s partcy hopoehoet ne tmo jucturac rogoroejo ng wmat s jnes`horoh wocc-kaho (v`z. quac`ty< Luìpors 621:, 182< Ztnut 6226, 42?). Jnesoquoetcy, wmatwo soo `s tmat sl`cc toehs tn fo ègorroh grnk ae ètu`t`vo (knhore) iuhdokoetng tmo quac`ty ng a prom`stnr`j nfiojt, wm`jm ngtoe fn`cs hnwe tn ae uejr`t`jacapprojàt`ne ng tmèds kaho fy nur tojmencnd`jaccy savvy aejostnrs, snkotmèdwm`jm Hnfros (6227, 60) mas uegcattorèdcy hosjr`foh as Tnw!, Nnnnm Ammm

iuhdokoets. Ent necy smnuch tmoso ent fo taloe as a vac`h ardukoet afnut tmo sl`ccprosoet è a prom`stnr`j nfiojt, tmoy acsn hn ent jcar`gy wmat tm`s sl`cc `s. @estoah,sujm ètorprotat`nes toeh tn `kkohàtocy ahhross tmo snjàc vacuo ng sl`cc aeh aro

1 wn oxakpcos tmat hofieo sl`cc as sujm aro tmo Nxgnrh h`jt`neary aeh H`jt`neary.jnk (ajjossoh6:/26/1?).

2 ?jk

G`duro 1 Ae Oarcy Frnezo Ado axo, typo Zaxne (Kayor 1044, 4= 684), grnk ae uelenwe

jnetoxt< gnueh eoar R`jmc (Austrà). (Rmntndrapm fy autmnr, jnurtosy ng Eat`neac M`stnry

Kusouk Wòeea).


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oxprossoh fy hrawèd cèls tn tmo status aeh `hoet`ty ng tmo kalor (o.d.tmo `hoa nga spojàc`st sk`tm).

@ arduo tmat tmoro s acwayssl`cc evncvoh e tmo kalèd ng tmèds, rrospojt`vo ng

wmat `s jnes`horoh quac`ty aeh tmo (snjàc) vacuo d`voe tn sujm quac`ty. n provoettmo jnegcat`ne ng sl`cc aeh quac`ty, @ prnpnso ae aeacyt`jac soparat`ne tn fo kahofotwooe9 1) tmo prajt`jac aspojts ng sl`cc, `.o.tojme`jac sl`cc, 6) tmo rojnde`t`ne ngtm`s sl`cc as quac`ty, aeh :) tmo ahh`t`neac uehorstaehèd ng sl`cc as a snjàc vacuo,`.o. tmo rosoarjmors ètorprotat`nes ng wmat sl`cc koaes è a d`voe snjòty. @ w`ccfrògcy hogèo wmat @ koae gnr oajm ng tmok fut tmo gnjus ng tm`s art`jco `s ne tmorojnde`t`ne ng sl`cc as quac`ty.

Moro, @ rodarh tojme`jac sl`cc as tmo h`stèjt rocat`nesm`p fotwooe kalor aehkatoràc tmat `s ajtoh nut và tnncs aeh tojme`quos, typ`jaccy sooe è aey jragt. @mavo wr`ttoe afnut tm`s rocat`nesm`p ocsowmoro è hota`c (Luìpors 6218 aeh gnrtm-

jnkèd) aeh `t sugg`jos moro tn say tmat a sl`cguc prajt`t`neor w`cc frèd nut tmo

2 ?jk

G`duro 6 Ae Oarcy Frnezo Ado axo, typo Zaxne (L`ffort 10=2, 1?0 :68), grnk ae uelenwe

jnetoxt< gnueh è Enrhmossoe (Dorkaey). (Rmntndrapm fy autmnr, jnurtosy ng Rm`c`pps-

_e`vors`ty Karfurd ).


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quac`tòs ng a katoràc, wmoroas tmo uesl`ccoh neo k`dmt ent ovoe rojnde`so tmok.Jnesoquoetcy, tmoy rospneh h`ggoroetcy tnwarhs tmo katoràc aeh tmo`r rosuctèdnfiojts vary (è quac`ty).

Zl`cc as (a) quac`ty `s hogèoh moro as tmo rojnde`t`ne ng tmo afnvo koet`neohtojme`jac sl`ccs (`.o. oxport`so) fy ntmor kokfors ng snjòty, o`tmor è tmo prajt`jo`tsocg nr e tmo nfiojts prnhujoh. m`s s hopoehoet ne tmo oxjcus`voeoss ng tmo sl`cc

(soo focnw).

G`duro : Xmo Rruelfo`c grnk M`cvorsuk-Mnnreofnodso Mo`ho (Eotmorcaehs), a hotojtnr

eh (Futcor, Xmoue`ssoe & vae Ns 6218< hrawèd fy Drneèdoe @est`tuto ng Arjmaoncndy,

Drneèdoe, lèhcy prnv`hoh fy Còsfotm Xmoue`ssoe).


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mo snjàc vacuo ng sl`cc, e jnetrast, oeta`cs ae etorprotat`ne ng mnw tm`s oxpor-t`so was vacuoh aeh sufsoquoetcy ègcuoejoh `hoet`ty aeh snjàc status è a cardorsnjòtac jnetoxt. As sujm `t `s ae oxpcaeat`ne ng tmo rnco ng jragtskaesm`p è a d`voesnjòty.

Vojnde`t`ne ng sl`cc as oxport`so aeh quac`ty@t kay appoar oxjoss`vo tn spoj`gy a soparato aeacyt`jac jnejopt gnr tmo rojnde`-t`ne ng sl`cc as (a) quac`ty. Pot, ent necy `s `t a proroqu`s`to gnr tmo ardukoet tmatsl`cc mas snjàc vacuo, tmo rojnde`t`ne ng sl`cc `s acsn snkotmèd wo jaeent talo gnrdraetoh. moro aro tmroo pnèts uehorcyèd tm`s ardukoet. G`rstcy, tmo afnvo koe-t`neoh oxjcus`voeoss ng a sl`cc, wm`jm h`ggors por snjàc jnetoxt. Zojnehcy, h`ggoroetponpco kay mavo h`ggoroet roahèds ng sl`cc. m`rhcy, aeh pormaps knst `kpnrtaetgnr arjmaoncnd`sts, tmo rojnde`t`ne ng a sl`cguccy kaho nfiojt `s hopoehoet ne tmopurpnso ng tmat nfiojt, fy wm`jm @ koae tmo ètoet`ne ng tmo kalor.

Oxjcus`voeoss

T`tm rodarh tn jragt wo jae sagocy assuko tmat aey jragt ajt`v`ty wnuch mavo fooerojnde`soh as a tojme`jac sl`cc tmat ent ovoryneo s oquaccy japafco ng, jnesoquoetcyprnv`hèd tm`s sl`cc w`tm a jortaè (snjàc) vacuo. n wmat oxtoet sl`ccs woro rojnd-e`soh as a spojàc`soh oxport`so mnwovor, `s hopoehoet ne tmo doeorac staeharh ngtmat sl`cc è aey part`jucar por`nh. n `ccustrato tm`s pnèt jnes`hor tmo porjopt`neng tmnso wmn aro afco enwahays tn kalo a g`ro grnk sjratjm w`tmnut tmo a`h ngknhore tnncs. moy aro èstaetcy rojnde`soh gnr mavèd ae oxport`so (`.o. surv`vacsl`ccs). Pot, wo jae roasne tmat kalèd g`ro wnuch ent mavo fooe rodarhoh as a

spojàc quac`ty e prom`stnry fut ratmor kastoroh fy kaey as part ng a ha`cy rnutèo.@e prèj`pco, uehorcyèd tm`s etorprotat`ne s tmo assukpt`ne tmat tmo gowor ponpcopnssoss a sl`cc, tmo knro c`locy tmat sl`cc s tn fo rojnde`soh as ae oxjcus`vo oxport`so.Rartcy tmo roasne wmy tmo kotacwnrlor `s typ`jaccy oev`s`neoh as a spojàc`st `s tmusfasoh ne tmo assukpt`ne tmat kotacwnrlèd sl`ccs woro ent w`hocy ava`cafco.

Oxporòejo

mo sojneh pnèt tmat @ talo tn aggojt tmo rojnde`t`ne ng sl`cc s oxporòejo. Maehs-ne oxporòejo nr en oxporòejo at acc w`tm tmo jragt uehor rovòw w`cc ègcuoejo

neos porjopt`ne ng tmo sl`ccs èvncvoh. Rut s`kpcy, sl`cc `s roah h`ggoroetcy fy aprnhujor tmae a jnesukor ng nfiojts.6Gnr èstaejo, wmoroas a maehjragtoh dnchoerèd kay fo sooe as a foaut`guc, pntoetàccy koaeèdguc, aeh sl`cguccy kaho nfiojttn tmo caykae jnesukor, a goccnw dnchsk`tm `s afco tn soo mnw tmo nfiojt was kahoaeh kay ent`jo skacc orrnrs. Tmat tn a caykae appoars tn fo oxtrokocy h`gg`juct tnkalo kay, è gajt, fo a ga`rcy oasy inf gnr a sl`ccoh jragtsporsne. W`jo vorsa, goaturostmat a doeor`j nfsorvor kay ent ovoe ent`jo, jnuch pntoetàccy s`deac a m`dm covocng sl`cc tn goccnw jragtors.

6 @ mavo sor`nus rosorvat`nes kalèd a str`jt (knhore) h`stèjt`ne fotwooe tmoso jatodnròs gnr a pro-

m`stnr`j sottèd, fut tm`s `s ent tmo pcajo gnr sujm a h`sjuss`ne aeh gnr tmo salo ng tmo ardukoet aehjcar`ty w`cc hn sn.


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mo rocovaejo ng tmo afnvo tn arjmaoncnd`sts, wmn typ`jaccy mavo c`ttcoprajt`jacoxporòejo è wnrlèd tmo katoràcs tmoy stuhy, `s tmat nur nwe cajl ng uehorstaeh-èd ng tmo katoràc è torks ng wmat `t aggnrhs, èm`f`ts a tmnrnudm uehorstaehèdng tmo sl`cc tmat `s eoohoh tn prnhujo ae nfiojt grnk `t. As a rosuct, tmoro `s a toe-hoejy tn soo knst prom`stnr`j nfiojts as sl`cguccy kaho. Oxpor`koetac arjmaoncndy

jnuch talo away snko ng tm`s èoxporòejo è prajt`jaccy wnrlèd w`tm katoràc,fut @ tmèl `t wnuch fo orrneonus tn tmèl tmat sujm oxpor`koets kalo us lenwc-ohdoafco afnut katoràc tn tmo sako hodroo aeh è a s`k`car oetaedcoh kaeeor asjragtsponpco (è tmo past). Jragtsponpco doeoraccy soo tmo`r oedadokoet w`tm kato-ràc as a c`got`ko ng coareèd (Zoeeott 622=< Ahaksne 6224), wmoroas oxpor`koetacarjmaoncndy necy sjratjmos tmo surgajo ng tmat rocat`nesm`p. m`s, @ arduo, `s wmy woeooh tn wnrl tndotmor w`tm oxporòejoh jragtsponpco wmn mavo et`kato lenwcohdong tm`s rocat`nesm`p aeh tmo katoràc tmoy wnrl w`tm. moy soo tmo katoràc tmoykastor aeh tmo nfiojts kaho grnk `t h`ggoroetcy, aeh pormaps knro jnkpcotocy tmaeaey arjmaoncnd`sts.

Rurpnso

mo tm`rh pnèt tmat eoohs tn fo h`sjussoh moro rocatos tn tmo quost`ne wmat wasjnes`horoh quac`ty>. Ae assosskoet ng tmo doeorac covoc ng tojme`jac sl`cc è a cardoassokfcado ng artogajts, aeh ospojàccy tmo accnwaejo gnr k`stalos aeh gaucts, kayd`vo us snko ès`dmts ètn wmat was rodarhoh wocc oenudm kaho tn fo ajjoptoh fysnjòty, aeh tmus sooe tn mavo sugg`jòet quac`ty aeh/nr su`taf`c`ty. :Mnwovor, wokust fo jaroguc ent tn kalo tm`s ètorprotat`ne sncocy ne tmo aostmot`j appoaraejosng ae nfiojt, fut talo ètn ajjnuet wmat tmo nfiojt was suppnsoh tn hn, aeh mnw`t was kaho. Votureèd tn tmo tmroo axos è tmo oxakpco (G`d. 1-:), wo jnkparotmok tn oajm ntmor tn hogèo tmo`r quac`ty, fut uejnesj`nuscy wo aro acsn kalèda jnkpar`sne tn wmat wo tmèl `s tmo ètoehoh hos`denr purpnsong tmoso nfiojts(jg. Ryo 100?, ?2)< è tmoso èstaejos ae axo. Ne tnp ng tm`s, wo acsn sook tn mncha c`k`tat`ne as tn mnw gar tmo smapo aeh appoaraejo ng ae axo jae h`vort fognro `t`s ent rodarhoh as a staeharh axo (tnnc) fut, èstoah, a spojàc nfiojt è tm`s jasoa Rruelfo`c (soo focnw). @t appoars tmat nur ètorprotat`ne ng wmat tmo nfiojt `s,ègcuoejos mnw wo iuhdo `ts quac`ty.

Xn wmat aro wo jnkparèd>

Ov`hoetcy, aey jca`k afnut tmo jragtskaesm`p ng ae nfiojt `s g`rstcy è eooh ng aeètorprotat`ne ng tmo ètoet`ne ng tmo kalor, wm`jm `s fost hneo fy aeacysèd `tsprnhujt`ne roj`po nr jmaeo npratn`ro.mo sojneh stop, @ arduo, smnuch oeta`c aeoxpcnrat`ne ng tmo nvoracc quac`ty ng tmo typo ng nfiojt stuhòh, wm`jm koaes woeooh tn mavo a sufstaetàc aknuet ng tmok. m`s `s rarocy tmo jaso, mnwovor. Rartcyfojauso tmo nfiojts tmat hraw nur attoet`ne aro tmo aenkacòs c`lo tmo Eofra h`sj(Koccor aeh Fortokos 6212), jorokneàc h`rls (Gnetìe 6221), Rruelfo`coe aeh

: @ tmael Ztìe Arenchussoe gnr kalèd ko awaro ng tmo suftco fut `kpnrtaet h`stèjt`ne fotwooe qua-c`ty aeh su`taf`c`ty è tm`s jnetoxt. @t ahhs aentmor cayor tn ae acroahy jnkpcox prnfcok fut `s rocovaet

as `t èhooh appoars tmat snko cnw quac`ty axos woro hookoh su`tafco gnr tmo`r purpnso aeyway (sooLuìpors 6218).


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wmat knro tmat wo jnes`hor tn mavo fooe spojàc. Zujm nfiojts prnv`ho oquaccygasjèatèd as rostr`jtèd ès`dmts ètn Frnezo Ado snjòty. Ne tmo fas`s ng tmo`rue`quoeoss tmoy toeh tn m`dmc`dmt oxjopt`neac earrat`vos ng spojàc`sts, oc`tos, aehwarr`nrs, fut tm`s ngtoe mappoes at tmo oxpoeso ng tmnusaehs ng jnkkne nfiojtsaeh ovoryhay c`go aeh (kotac) prnhujt`ne è tmo Frnezo Ado. Moejo, @ ahvnjato

tmat `g wo a`k tn uehorstaeh sl`cc aeh quac`ty è `ts prom`stnr`j jnetoxt, `t `s `k-pnrtaet tn ent necy stuhy oxjopt`neac pòjos, fut ospojàccy jnkkne nfiojts. @t `sè tm`s cattor drnup tmat wo jae kalo oxpc`j`t tmo jnkpar`sne tmat `s taj`tcy part ngaey iuhdokoet ne sl`cc aeh quac`ty.

Votureèd nejo knro tn tmo M`cvorsuk axo (soo G`duro :), @ wnuch arduo tmat tnajjuratocy ahhross `ts quac`ty aeh jragtskaesm`p, `t wnuch fo eojossary tn jnkparo`ts prnhujt`ne roj`po tn tmat ng a enrkat`voOarcy Frnezo Ado axo (jg. G`duro 1-6).m`s `s pnss`fco w`tm tmo uso ng a jmaeo npratn`ro, fut tmo ègnrkat`ne eoohohgnr tmo kotmnhncndy tn wnrl `s cardocy hrawe grnk a kotaccndrapm`j sakpco, grnkwm`jm tmo prnhujt`ne tojme`quos ng a kotac nfiojt jae fo japturoh. m`s way

wo jae arduo gnr `ts suppnsoh ue`quoeoss aeh oxjoccoet wnrlkaesm`p grnk aeov`hoejo-fasoh pns`t`ne.Cajlèd kotaccndrapm`j ègnrkat`ne wo jae wnrl necy w`tm tmo axos knrpmnc-

ndy aeh hojnrat`ne roprosoetèd iust a gow aspojts ng `ts jmaeo. Grnk tmoso t s ac-roahy apparoet tmat tmo M`cvorsuk axo hovàtos grnk tmo w`hor jnrpus ng OFA axos,as was entoh fy Futcorot ac.as `t `s tmo vory roasne wmy tmo axo staehs nuts. Pot,tmoro aro twn pnèts @ w`sm tn ra`so moro. G`rst, @ arduo tmat tmo hovàt`ne-ardukoet`s typ`jaccy okpcnyoh ètu`t`vocy aeh as part ng tmo staeharh prnjoss ng nur typncnd`-jac kotmnh. @t `s `kpnrtaet tn roac`so tmat tm`s kotmnh okpcnys rogoroets, fy wm`jm@ koae tmat arjmaoncnd`sts kalo uso ng tmo gajt tmat knst nfiojts rogoroejo ntmor

nfiojts è smapo aeh gnrk< a quac`ty tmat Zroesoe (621?, =0) mas huffoh ètor-nfiojt j`tat`ne. X`s rogoroejo, @ arduo, jae acsn fo kaho w`tm rodarhs tn a doe-orac`soh koetac jnejopt ng ae nfiojt, `.o.ae `hoa(c). @ kaètaè tm`s pnèt fojausowmat `s eojossar`cy `kpcòh è tmo arjmaoncnd`sts rojnde`t`ne ng oxjopt`neac aehene-guejt`neac axos `s tmo ox`stoejo ng a jcoarcy hofieoh jnejoptuac axo, gnr wm`jmwo mnch ae `hoac. @e ntmor wnrhs9 a staeharhgrnk wm`jm wo hoj`ho tmat tnn strned ahoparturo koaes tmat tmo axo `s ent tn fo rodarhoh as a enrkac axo aey knro.

mo sojneh pnèt jnesoquoetcy jnkos gnrwarh< wmoroas Futcor ot ac. (6218,:1) jnes`hor tmo M`cvorsuk axo a Rruelfo`c fojauso `t cajls jcnso paraccocs aehtmrnudm a jnkpar`sne w`tm ntmor nvors`zoh axos, @ roasne tmat tmoro `s a knro

guehakoetac jnkpar`sne foèd kaho moro. m`s eoohs snko oxpcaeat`ne. @e kynpè`ne, tmo cajl ng jcnso paraccocs `s tmo rosuct ng a typncnd`jac oxorj`so taloe tnngar. m`s rosucts è `hoet`gyèd s`k`car`tòs aeh h`ggoroejos (o.d.Futcor, moue`ssoe& vae Ns 6218, 68-:2), fut w`tmnut sufstaetàtèd wmat tmoso s`k`car`tòs aehh`ggoroejos koae aeh, knro `kpnrtaetcy, wmy tmoy smnuch kattor foyneh tmo pnèttmat wo aro afco tn appcy typncndòs ne tmo fas`s ng tmok (jg.Zroesoe 621?, =?).@estoah, @ arduo tmat tmo M`cvorsuk-axo `s ae oxjopt`neac Rruelfo`c fojauso ng `tsrogoroejo tn a staeharhOarcy Frnezo Ado gcaedoh axo. Mnw ocso, gnr èstaejo, `s tmolenwcohdo tmat `t `s nvors`zoh jnestrujtoh> Oxjopt`neac`ty jae necy kae`gost `tsocgtmrnudm a rogoroejo tn wmat `s jnes`horoh enrkac. @ ahvnjato tmat wo eooh tn kalo

tm`s staeharh, adaèst wm`jm wo aro jnkparèd, oxpc`j`t. Knronvor, `t `s ètorostèd


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tn rogcojt gnr a knkoet ne tm`s spoj`g`j typo ng rogoroejo, è wm`jm tmo prom`stnr`jkotacwnrlorpurpnsoguccy h`vorts grnk (aeh ocafnratos ne) tmo staeharh, ratmor tmaejroatèd a trucy ue`quo èjnkparafco nfiojt. Tmat k`dmt fo daèoh moro, gnrèstaejo, `s a fottor uehorstaehèd ng tmo kojmae`sks èvncvoh è tmo jnkpcoxhàcnduo fotwooe trah`t`ne aeh jroat`v`ty, aeh tmo rnco ng `k`tat`nes aeh jnpòs (ng

oxnt`j nfiojts) è Frnezo Ado snjòtòs (o.d.Gcnmr Zroesoe 6216).

Jnejcus`nes

mo rojnde`t`ne ng sl`cc as oxport`so aeh wmat wnuch fo jnes`horoh sl`cguccykaho `s jnetèdoet ne jucturac jnetoxt, oxjcus`voeoss, oxporòejo, aeh purpnso._ehorstaehèd tmoso aspojts `s acroahy a jnes`horafco tasl gnr arjmaoncnd`sts aehjurroetcy, knro ngtoe tmae ent, ajmòvoh tmrnudm ètu`t`vo prosukpt`nes afnut tmoh`gg`jucty ng spoj`g`j jragts. @ mavo arduoh tmat èstoah aey jca`ks ne tmoso aspojtssmnuch fo gnuehoh e a tmnrnudm oxakèat`ne ng tmo nfiojts tsocg, aeh tmo eoquac-`ty prosoetoh tmrnudmnut tmo jnrpus ng s`k`car nfiojts. m`s ejcuhos ae ètorprota-t`ne ng tmo purpnso ng ae nfiojt aeh ae oxpc`j`t jnkpar`sne w`tm wmat wo talo tnfo tmo staeharh tn wm`jm a rogoroejo `s kaho. Vogorrac nr ètor-nfiojt j`tat`ne, asoxpcaèoh afnvo, `s a jrujàc aspojt ng mukae-nfiojt ètorajt`nes aeh neo tmat `susoh, fut cogt ueoxpcnroh è a jnkparat`vo typncnd`jac apprnajm (Zroesoe 621?,02). Ne tnp ng tm`s, `t eoohs tn fo arduoh gnr wmy a jortaè (covoc ng) sl`cc wnuchfo rojnde`soh as ae oxport`so fy prom`stnr`j ponpco ratmor tmae taloe gnr draetoh. @t`s necy tmoe, tmat wo jae prnjooh tn quost`ne tmo koaeèd aeh snjàc vacuo ng tm`soxport`so, fntm è torks ng tmo nfiojt aeh `ts kalor.

Ajlenwcohdokoetsm`s papor jnkos gnrwarh grnk ky RmH rosoarjm ne kotacwnrlèd jragtskaesm`paeh sl`cc. @ wnuch c`lo tn tmael Karò Cnu`so Zroesoe gnr tmo kaey ès`dmtguc su-porv`s`nes. Quoetè Fnurdon`s aeh Hav`h Gnetìe aro tmaeloh gnr tmo`r jnkkoetsne a hragt ng tm`s papor. Ztìe Arenchussoe aeh Còsfotm moue`ssoe prnv`hoh snkovacuafco goohfajl è a cator stato. Còsfotm `s acsn tmaeloh gnr suppcyèd tmo `kadong tmo M`cvorsuk axo. @ wnuch c`lo tn hoh`jato tm`s art`jco tn cato Iay Futcor, wmnsownrl `s ae èsp`rat`ne gnr Frnezo Ado arjmaoncndy è doeorac, aeh ky rosoarjm èpart`jucar.

Afstrajt

Tmat `s oxjoccoet wnrlkaesm`p aeh mnw hn wo arr`vo at sujm a rucèd> @ prnpnsotmat tm`s jae fo hneo và ae aeacyt`jac soparat`ne fotwooe 1) tojme`jac sl`ccs 6)tmo rojnde`t`ne ng sl`cc as (a) quac`ty, aeh :) tmo snjàc vacuo d`voe tn tm`s quac`ty.@ arduo tmat ètorprotat`nes w`tm rodarh tn tmo cattor jae fo kaho necy agtor tmontmor twn mavo fooe ostafc`smoh. m`s art`jco w`cc gnjus ne tmo sojneh pnèt, tmorojnde`t`ne ng sl`cc.


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Vogoroejos

Ahaksne, D. 6224. mèlèd tmrnudm Jragt. Nxgnrh/Eow Pnrl9 Ford.

Futcor, I., moue`ssoe, C. aeh Ns, F. vae 6218. mo Oarcy Frnezo Ado Rruelfo`c grnkM`cvorsuk-Mnnreofnodso Mo`ho. A ue`quo pòjo ng jragtskaesm`p, è9 moue`ssoe,O.K. aeh Arenchussoe, Z. (ohs.), Kotaactìhoe 1. Fìhradoe è ho stuhò vae hokotaactìhoe. Z`hostneo Rross9 Co`hoe, 1?-:7.

Hnfros, K.A., 6227. Zl`ccoh Rrnhujt`ne aeh Znjàc Voprnhujt`ne è prom`stnry aeh jne-tokpnrary arjmaoncndy9 a porsneac oxodos`s ne hnkèaet tmokos aeh tmo`r psyjmn-snjàc ègcuoejos, è9 Apoc, I. aeh Leutssne, L. (ohs.) Zl`ccoh Rrnhujt`ne aeh ZnjàcVoprnhujt`ne9 Aspojts ng rah`t`neac Ztneo-nnc ojmencndòs Rrnjoohèds ng a Zykpnsùkè _ppsaca, Audust 62-68, 622:._ppsaca9 Znjòtas Arjmaoncnd`ja _psacòes`s, 6?-::.

Gnetìe, H.V. 6221. Votmèlèd jorokneàc h`rls ng tmo Rcnudrosjaet-Nkkorsjmaeh typo.Znko tmnudmts ne tmo strujturo ng kotacwnrl oxjmaedo, è9 Kotz, T.M., Fool, F.C.vae aeh Ztoodstra, M. (ohs.), Ratèa. Ossays prosoetoh tn Iay Inrhae Futcor ne tmo njjas`ne

ng m`s =2tm f`rtmhay. Drneèdoe/Akstorhak, 67:-6=2.L`ffort, L. 10=2. Hò xto ueh Fo`co `k k`ttcoroe Tosthoutsjmcaeh 1. Rrm`stnr`sjmo

Frnezogueho @]. 12. Kejmoe9 J.M. Fojl.

Luìpors, K.M.D. 621:. mo snueh ng g`ro, tasto ng jnppor, gooc ng frnezo, aeh jncnursng tmo jast9 soesnry aspojts ng kotacwnrlèd tojmencndy, è9 Zroesoe, K-C.Z. aehVofay-Zac`sfury, L. (ohs.), Okfnhòh Lenwcohdo9 M`stnr`jac Rorspojt`vos ne Focòg aehojmencndy. Nxgnrh9 Nxfnw Fnnls, 1:4-1?2.

Luìpors, K.M.D. 6218. Oarcy Frnezo Ado kotacwnrlèd jragtskaesm`p. Ae equ`ry ètn kot-acwnrlèd sl`cc aeh jragt fasoh ne axos è tmo Enrtm-Acpèo rod`ne. _epufc`smoh RmHtmos`s, _e`vors`ty ng Jakfr`hdo.

Kayor, O.G. 1044. Hò xto ueh Fo`co è storro`jm. Rrm`stnr`sjmo Frnezogueho @], 0.Kejmoe9 J.M. Fojl.

Koccor, M. aeh Fortokos, G. 6212. Hor Dr`gg Eajm Hoe Ztoreoe. Tò Ournpas Oc`toe YuKajmt _eh Vo`jmtuk Lakoe. @etoreat`neacos Zykpnsùk è Macco (Zaaco) 17.-61. Gofruar622?. aduedoe hos Caehoskusouks gr Wnrdosjm`jmto Macco (Zaaco) 2?/11. Macco9Caehosakt gr Hoelkacpgcodo ueh Arjmncndò Zajmsoe-Aemact/Caehoskusouk grWnrdosjm`jmto.

Ryo, H. 100?. mo Eaturo aeh Art ng Tnrlkaesm`p. Cnehne9 Morfort Rross.

Zoeeott, V. 622=. mo Jragtskae. Cnehne9 Roeduè.

Zroesoe, K-C.Z. 621?. Rarah`dk Cnst ne tmo Ztato ng ypncndy w`tmè Arjmaoncnd`jacmonry, è9 Lr`stàesoe, L., Zkoiha, C. aeh urol, I. (ohs.), Rarah`dk gnueh.

Arjmaoncnd`jac tmonry, prosoet, past aeh guturo. Ossays è mnenur ng Ovzoe Eoustupe.Nxgnrh/Rm`cahocpmà9 Nxfnw Fnnls, =8-08.

Zroesoe, .G. 6216. Nr`dèac jnpòs9 soràc`ty, s`k`car`ty aeh tmo s`kucajruk è tmo OarcyFrnezo Ado. Hae`sm Inureac ng Arjmaoncndy 1(1), 8?-71.

Ztnut, H. 6226. Zl`cc aeh Jnde`t`ne è Ztneo nnc Rrnhujt`ne9 Ae Otmendrapm`j JasoZtuhy grnk @ràe Iaya. Jurroet Aetmrnpncndy8:(?), 70:-466.


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Gradkoetoe vae ooe dòtkac u`t ho catofrnestìh to Juìl

Karcòe Iaessoes

rogwnnrhoe9 kotaacfoworlèd, dòtkac, cato frnestìh, Juìl

Loywnrhs9 kotacwnrlèd, knuch, cato frnezo ado, Juìl

@eco`hèd

Ooe npdravèd è mot pcaedofòh Drnnt Mo`c`doeford (jcustor J) to Juìl, u`tdo-vnorh hnnr VAAR Arjmoncnd`sjm Ahvòsfuroau è 6220 è nphrajmt vae ho do-kooeto Juìl, moogt ooe vìgt`dtac, np mot oorsto doz`jmt nenndcìlo, frnlios vor-fraeho cook npdocovorh. Hozo zìe aglnkst`d vae (kèstoes) e dòtkac u`t ho catofrnestìh, zoor waarsjmìecìl vnnr ooe lnlorfìc ng -fo`toc. @e h`t art`loc wnrht hozofìznehoro vnehst fosjmrovoe oe doetorprotoorh. Ho dòtkacgradkoetoe covoroeooe (fosjmo`hoe) fìhrado aae nezo loee`s nvor èmookso kotaacprnhujtò è hoprom`stnrò oe ho nkdaed kot mot agvac orvae è ooe eohorzottèdsjnetoxt.

Aaeco`hèd nehorznol

Ho dokooeto Juìl `s ac oe`do iaroe foz`d kot ho u`tfro`hèd vae maar fohrìvoetor-roèoe. Nnl ho cnjatò Drnnt Mo`c`doeford (ja. 67 ma) wnrht netw`lloch oe è h`tlahor moffoe tussoe 1000 oe 622? vorsjm`ccoeho arjmoncnd`sjmo vnnrnehorznoloepcaatsdovnehoe. Hat covorho vnehstoe np u`t ho stooetìh, ìzortìh, Vnkoèso tìhoe k`hhocoouwoe (Ho Faoro 6222< Facc & Arenchussoe 6221< Mo`rfaut 6224).Ho arjmoncnd`sjmo pntoetò vae mot dofòh was vnnrag zolor foloeh. Aaevuccoeh(waarhoroeh) prnogscouvoenehorznol è jcustor J oe mot torroè haar rnehnk moogt

pcaatsdovnehoe è 622: (Mo`rfaut 6224). H`t nehorznol covorho tor mnndto vaejcustor J ooe zospac`do spòlor, droppocs oe cnsso (paac)lu`coe u`t mot caat-eonc`tm`-juk ng ho vrnodo frnestìh oe ho k`hhoe- oe cato frnestìh np. @e iaeuar` 6220 `shnnr VAAR Arjmoncnd`sjm Ahvòsfuroau ooe aaevuccoeh (waarhoroeh) prnogscou-voenehorznol u`tdovnorh. H`t nehorznol fovost`dho ho mndo rostoroeho waarho vaeho vèhpcaats oe stocho vast hat mot spnroee`voau fèeoe jcustor J end daag fowaarhdofcovoe was. Aaescu`toeh `s ho npdravèd vae ho fomnuhoeswaarh`do vèhpcaats(6.422 k) toe ennrhoe vae ho wod D`cholakp u`tdovnorh (Iaessoes 6212).


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Ho vèhpcaats

Ho spnroe np mot npdravèdstorroè dotu`doe vae ooe drnto tìhshòpto vaekoesocìlo fowneèd oe dofru`l, vae mot caat-eonc`tm`juk tnt è ho oorsto oouwvae nezo iaartoccèd (Agf. 1). Ho rostoe zìe docodoe np ooe r`vòrhuè hò è motpcoe`- oe caatdcajàac npdostnvoe `s np agzottèdoe vae vcojmtoeho r`vòroe u`t

mot saacòe oe wo`jmsocòe. @e ho tnp vae mot kèoraacrìlo r`vòrhuèzaeh moogtz`jm ooe knhorpnhznc netw`lloch. Hnnr hozo fnhokvnrkèd zìe ho (nehòpo)arjmoncnd`sjmo spnroe necoosfaar downrhoe, kot eako np ho gcaeloe. @e ho cnnpvae ho k`hhocoouwoe `s np ho knhorpnhznc ooe pcaddoehol npdofrajmt. H`t moogtmot arjmoncnd`sjm e`voau fosjmorkh, ac zìe pcaatsocìl hnnr odac`satò woc hocoevorstnnrh doraalt.

Ho nuhsto rostoe fostaae u`t ooe lu`c kot foloraarhoworl oe ooe cnsso vnehstvae ooe vuurstoeoe dopncìsto fìc u`t mot (caat-) eonc`tm`juk (Iaessoes 6212, 80-?2,04). Ooe lu`c kot haarè kot drnvo lwarts dokadorh, kot vèdoreadocèhrulloeoe tnuwèhrulloe vorsòrh aarhoworl, wnrht tnodosjmrovoe aae ho w`llochraah-juctuur oe hatoort è ho vrnodo frnestìh (Iaessoes 6212, ?1-?:). Worsjm`ccoeholu`coe, waarnehor lu`coejnkpcox 1:= tnt oe kot 181, stakkoe u`t ho cato frne-stìh (Iaessoes 6212, ?:-??). Mot `s è hozo jnetoxt hat ho dòtkacgradkoetoedovnehoe zìe oe haarnk wnrhoe hozo spnroe kot mue èmnuh mòrnehor fosprn-

1=4=82

1=4=82

81?072

1=4=72

1=4=72

1=4==2

1=4==2

81?072

81?0=28

1?0=2

1=4=22

1=4=22

1=4=62

1=4=62

nvor`dètorprotat o spnroe

spnroe prn ogscouvoenehorznol Arjmnc

lu`c kot vooc vorfraeho cook

lu`c

codoeha

paaclu`c

1:0

porjoocspah

droppoc

vcal/ea tuurcìlo vorlcourèd

spnnreukkor

rojoeto vor stnr ed

621:621:

KC1/art`loc^jdrn:^kc

2 12 62k

Aoochèd 1

Zpnroenvorz`jmt.

G`duro 1 Nvorvòw ngoxjavatoh goaturos.


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loe. _`t hozo nuhsto por`nhos zìe accooe lu`coe npdodravoe, dooe strujturoe. _`tho k`hhoe oe/ng cato ìzortìh zìe ojmtor woc (rostaetoe vae) mu`spcattodrnehoeoe spòlors aaedotrnggoe, np fas`s waarvae hrò (kndocìl docìltìh`do) orvoe zìedorojnestruoorh. @e ho Vnkoèso tìh `s ho huè vorcatoe.

Ho dòtkacgradkoetoe

Jnetoxt

Ho focaedrìlsto vnehst vae ho npdravèd wnrht dovnrkh hnnr vòr lu`coe (Agf. 6,cèlsfnvoe), hò sakoe mot drnntsto aarhoworljnkpcox vae ho npdravèd moffoenpdocovorh (e;121=, 1:,4 ld). Np fas`s vae kaalwìzo, hàdenst`sjmo vnrkoe oevorsòrèdoe s mot jnkpcox e ho cato frnestìh dohatoorh. H`t wnrht nnl fovost`dhhnnr 18J-hatorèdoe. Hatorèd vae vorlnncho fntae`sjmo rostoe u`t twoo knestorspcaatsoe mot lu`coejnkpcox tussoe 128?/1217 oe =8? vnnr Jmr. (u`t spnnr 1829

Rnz-:?::19 6=22 :? FR, u`t spnnr 1819 RNY-:?::69 640? :2 FR) (Iaessoes6212, 46-=0).Zpnnr 1:0 toloeho z`jm e mot vcal ag acs ooe nvaac drnehspnnr (ja. =? x =6 jk),

kaar fcool scojmt fowaarh (è prngòc was mot scojmts = jk hòp). Ho pr`ka`roguejtò vae hozo lu`c `s eòt foloeh. Zojueha`r zìe or 72 stuls aarhoworl oe ooegradkoet vae ooe lnnlstooe acs agvac è dohopneoorh. Zpnnr 1:= fotrng ooe rneholu`c (hàkotor ja. 1,6 k) kot ooe lnkvnrk`do hnnrseoho kot ooe rocatòg vcallofnhok (?2 jk rostoroeho hòpto9 Agf. 6, rojmtsfnvoe). @e ho jnupo zìe vorsjm`c-coeho vuccèdoe nehorsjmo`hoe9 mukouzo vnehstcadoe (kot oeloco vuurstooegrad-koetoe oe 112 aarhoworlsjmorvoe) w`ssochoe ag kot sjmneo zaehcadoe. Ho lu`c

Aoochèd 6 Lu`coejcustor u`t ho cato frnestìh.

G`duro 6 Cato Frnezo Ado p`ts.


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:6

moogt wocc`jmt ooe tìhio npoe docodoe, waarfì hoocs sjmneo drneh `s èdostnvoe oehoocs agvac u`t ho eohorzottèd è ho lu`c `s dohukpt.

Ho drnntsto nvaco lu`c (spnnr 1829 1,7 x 1,8 k, :7 jk rostoroeho hòpto oelnkvnrk`do hnnrseoho) covorho ho drnntsto mnovoocmo`h vnehstkatoràac np9 zo-voetòe stuls eatuurstooe (vnnreakocìl gradkoetoe vae lnnl- oe kaacstoeoe),

twèt`d vuurstooegradkoetoe oe 410 aarhoworlsjmorvoe. Or zìe twoo vuccèdoenehorsjmo`hoe9 nehorè ooe ja. :2 jk h`llo mukouzo caad kot vooc eohorzottèds-agvac oe haarfnvoe ooe sjmneoro fruèo zaehcaad, wocc`jmt eatuurcìl èdostnvoe.

Ac mot vnehstkatoràac `s u`t ho nehorsto caad aglnkst`d. Dozòe ho vnrk (rocatògvcallo fnhok) oe ho aaewoz`dmo`h vae oe`do draaelnrrocs `s mot kndocìl hat hozolu`c aaevaelocìl acs npscadlu`c vnnr draae è dofru`l was, oe pas np ooe catortìhst`p acs agvaclu`c. Nvor`do aaewìzèdoe vnnr ho pr`ka`ro guejtò, znacs lco`- ngcookpallèdoe aae ho raehoe vae ho lu`c ng spnroe vae sjmnnekaloe ng coodmacoevae ho lu`c netfraloe.

Zpnnr 181 was è mot vcal rneh vae vnrk kot ooe hàkotor vae ja. 1,: kotor.

@e hnnrseoho was mot spnnr rojmtmnol`d vae vnrk kot ooe rosthòpto vae ja. 7?jk (Agf. 6, rojmtsnehor). Np fas`s vae hozo vnrk `s spnnr 181 zoor waarsjmìecìlnnl acs ooe vnnrraahlu`c ng s`cn è dofru`l dowoost. Tat fotrogt fntae`sjmo rostoewaroe draae, dorst, pcu`kdòrst oe tarwo vortodoewnnrh`dh (oeloco lnrrocs, scojmtojnesorvorèd). Ho vuccèd vae ho lu`c vortnnet ooe docìlsnnrt`do docaadhmo`h acsè spnnr 182. Ho fas`s fostaat u`t ooe hnelorfruèdrìzo, mukouzo caad hò waar-sjmìecìl ho nnrsprnelocìlo fnhok vae ho draaes`cn vortodoewnnrh`dt. Ho lu`c `skndocìl np ooe dodovoe knkoet sjmnnedokaalt, waarfì mot draae vorwìhorh `soe waarea ho lu`c doco`hocìl s h`jmtdostnvoe kot sjmnne zaeh. Ho lu`c s toescnttonpdovuch doraalt kot mukouzo cadoe kot haarè vooc eohorzottèdsagvac. @e tntaac

zìe vìgtòe eatuurstooegradkoetoe, 61 vuurstooegradkoetoe oe 6?= aarhoworl-sjmorvoe dovnehoe (Iaessoes 6212, ?:-??).

Fosjmrìvèd

Ho ?2 dòtkacgradkoetoe moffoe ooe tntaacdow`jmt vae 68? drak (tafoc 1). Woocaczìe zo eòt drntor hae 6 jk, kaar ooe zostac gradkoetoe `s 62-6? jk drnnt.

Ho gradkoetoe wnrhoe doloekorlt hnnr ooe zaeh`d falsoc hat fostaeh wastodoe storlo vorm`ttèd. Yo zìe storl vorfraeh oe znwoc nx`horoeho fo`dotètoeacs rohujoroeho drìstètoe lnkoe vnnr. Fnvoehòe vortneoe snkk`do gradkoetoe

sjmourtios oe zìe ho gradkoetoe nvor mot acdokooe ord frns waarhnnr zo kallocìlvorpucvoroe.

Wnehst Zpnnr Aaetac kacgradkoetoe Dow`jmt

W 121 Z 181 7 12 d

W 66: Z 1:= 6 4 d

W 668 Z 182 86 66= d

Xafoc 1 Dòtkacgradkoetoe por spnnr.

Xafco 1 Knuch gradkoets grnk goaturos.


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Ho lcoèo gradkoetoe znuhoe e oclo aehoro jnetoxt acs dru`s vae maehdovnrkhaarhoworl ng muttoecook fostokpoch zìe. Mot zìe ho drntoro gradkoetoe hòvnrkloekorloe moffoe np fas`s waarvae ho u`toèhocìlo hotorkèatò acs dòtkackndocìl was (Agf. :). Np ooe zovoetac gradkoetoe `s aae ho fèeoezìho eakocìlmot eodatòg z`jmtfaar vae ooe vnnrworp, zoor waarsjmìecìl ooe lnlorfìc ng -fo`-

toc. Hu`hocìlst morloefaar s ooe seoho vae nedovoor :,? jk frooh (ho toloeèd npagfoochèd : `s eòt dofasoorh np ho agkotèdoe vae ho aghrulloe è ho dòtkacg-radkoetoe, kaar hòet cnutor acs vnnrfooch). Np fas`s mòrvae `s ho pns`t`neorèdvae ho nvor`do gradkoetoe morloeh9 mot drnntsto fowaarho gradkoet (7 x 8,? jk)vortnnet mot k`hhoehooc vae ho fìc ng fo`toc oe np twoo lcoèoro gradkoetoe `s holrnkkèd vae ho macs z`jmtfaar (Agf. :, rospojtòvocìl :, 6 oe 1). Haareaast s ooehròtac raehgradkoetoe aaewoz`d. Yo moffoe motzocgho zaeh`do falsoc oe vnrkoezoor waarsjmìecìl ho tnp vae ho dòtkac, waarè mot dosknctoe kotaac dodntoeworh. Mot drnntsto gradkoet kot mot k`hhoehooc vae ho fìc moogt ooe npstaaehoraeh. Hozo worh todoe ooe jnetrakac dohrult. Mot gradkoet vortnnet fnvoehòe

hwarso drnovoe np ho fu`toezìho, kndocìl nk ooe tnuw to doco`hoe hat ho twoomocgtoe vae ho kac np zìe pcol knost mnuhoe tìhoes mot dòtprnjos.Mot `s kno`cìl nk np fas`s vae ho dovnehoe gradkoetoe ho projòzo vnrk oe

agkotèdoe vae mot dodntoe nfiojt to fopacoe. Mot `s zocgs eòt zolor ng spralo `svae e dòtkac ng vae gradkoetoe vae koorhoro kaccoe. Ho kac fostaat u`t twoomocgtoe hus mot gradkoet kot ho seoho kad eòt zn kaar nehor mot k`hhoehoocdopcalt wnrhoe nk ho coedto to fopacoe. Np fas`s vae ho froohto vae seoho,scojmts :,? jk, `s hu`hocìl hat mot woc nk ooe lcoè oxokpcaar daat, k`ssjmòeeòt caedor hae 12 jk. Ho vnrk vae ho macs hu`ht ornp hat mot ooe lnlorfìctiong -fo`toc fotrogt. Hordocìlo fìcoe worhoe mnc dodntoe, kaar woc è ooe kac hò

Aoochèd : Dòtkacgradkoetoe.

G`duro : Knuch gradkoets.


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u`t twoo mocgtoe fostneh. Dozòe ho rocatòvo jnkpcoxmo`h vae mot networp oeho frnnsmo`h vae ho aarhoworloe kac, `s ho laes drnnt hat hozo scojmts ooekaacdofru`lt `s (Luìpors 622=, =0).

@elahorèd

Yocgs ea voco hojoeeà vae arjmoncnd`sjm nehorznol fcìvoe ho aarh, nrdae`satòoe nkvaed vae ho kotaacprnhujtò è ho Cado Caehoe è ho frnes- oe ìzortìh èdrnto kato nefoloeh. H`t `s vnnrac to wìtoe aae ho aarh vae mot frneeoefostaehwaarnp mypntmosos dofasoorh wnrhoe. Koost vnnrlnkoeh zìe ho agdoworlto prn-hujtoe9 fìcoe< wapoes< sòrahoe. Hozo wnrhoe ojmtor eòt è ho jnetoxt vae ooeworlpcaats ng prnhujtòjoetruk aaedotrnggoe, woc è eohorzottèdoe, dravoe oeacs (r`tuoco) hopns`tòs (vaal faddorvnehstoe). Mot co`ht to vor nk np hozo pcaatsè to daae wat h`t fotoloet vnnr nezo loee`s vae ho kotaacprnhujtò. nthat hooorsto sk`hsworlpcaats kot nvoe, worltu`doe, drnehstnggoe, agvac oe agdoworlto

prnhujtoe npdodravoe wnrht, oe ho vraad `s ng h`t nn`t zac dofouroe, fcìgt ho aarhvae ho kotaacprnhujtò kno`cìl to hu`hoe (Luìpors 622=, 17). Worknohocìl waskotaacprnhujtò eòt np e kaeòr donrdae`soorh oe varòorho ho prnhujtò vaemot mnndstaaeho valkaesjmap vae spojàc`stoe tnt ho downeo mu`s-, tuè- oe lou-loespuccoe hò cnlaac vorvaarh`dh worhoe (Luìpors 622=, ?7).

Mot nehorznol eaar kotaacprnhujtò è ho frnestìh è Eohorcaeh `s vnnrac èdaed dozot hnnr I.I. Futcor vae ho Vìlsue`vors`to`t Drneèdoe, hò z`jm haarfìfasoorho np typn(jmrnen)cndò vae kot eako fìcoe oe arjmoncnd`sjmo roc`jtoe hòè vorfaeh staae kot prnhujtò vae kotacoe nfiojtoe, zn nnl dòtkacgradkoetoe(Luìpors 622=, 88-87). Hozo zìe nvor mot acdokooe zochzaak e Eohorcaeh, zolor

è ooe dnoh dohatoorho jnetoxt (tafoc 6).Ho lcoèo dòtkacgradkoetoe vae Juìl-Drnnt Mo`c`doeford zìe nk ooe aaetacrohoeoe focaedrìl. oe oorsto vnrkoe zo ooe focaedrìlo aaewìzèd vnnr cnlacokotaacprnhujtò. Hozo prnhujtò vneh dozòe ho jnetoxt vae ho gradkoetoe do-wnne fèeoe ho eohorzottèd pcaats. Ho moco zaehrud waarnp Drnnt Mo`c`doefordc`dt, fcìlt e ho cato frnestìh etoesòg fownneh dowoost to zìe. Mu`spcattodrnehoenetfroloe tnt np mohoe, znwoc fì nehormav`do npdravèd acs fì ho oorhor u`t-

Wèhpcaats Drnehstng Rrnhujt Hatorèd

Juìl (oxajto vèhpcaats

nefoloeh)

aarhoworl spoorpuet/ hncl k`hhoe-frnestìh

Nss-Mnrzal aarhoworl mòcfìc, pìcpuetoe, eaach k`hhoe-frnestìh

Fuddoeuk frnes mòcfìc k`hhoe-cato frnestìh

Vnorkneh frnes lnlorfìc cato frnestìh

Mavocto frnes lnlorfìc cato frnestìh

Znkoroe aarhoworl kos cato frnestìh-vrnodo ìzortìh

Xafoc 6 Dòtkac(gradkoet)oe u`t Eohorcaeh (u`t9 Luìpors 622=, appoeh`x 6 oe zò rogoroetòs

achaar).

Xafco 6 Knuchs aeh knuch gradkoets grnk tmo Eotmorcaehs (u`t9 Luìpors 622=, appoeh`x 6,

acsn gnr rogoroejos).


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dovnorho prnogscouvoenehorznoloe. Or zìe ojmtor woc vorsjm`ccoeho spòlors oelu`coe aaedotrnggoe hò è hozo por`nho dohatoorh wnrhoe (Mo`rfaut 6224, 64-:4). Wae ooe aparto akfajmtocìlo zneo, waar kotaacprnhujtò znu pcaatsdovnehoelueeoe moffoe, fcìlt dooe spralo.

Agdozòe vae ho dòtkacgradkoetoe zìe fì ho npdravèd dooe aehoro ocokoe-

toe u`t mot prnhujtòprnjos dovnehoe znacs drnehstnggoe, nvoerostoe, mnutslnnc oedoroohsjmappoe. Ea dofru`l zìe ho kacgradkoetoe sakoe kot eohorzottèdsagvacdohukpt è ooe s`cnlu`c hò fu`toe dofru`l was doraalt. Nnl vae mot oèhprnhujt,ho frnezoe vnnrworpoe, zìe dooe rostoe toruddovnehoe.

Ho twooho rohoe waarnk mot ooe focaedrìlo vnehst fotrogt `s hat mot nes ar-jmoncndoe ornp attoet kaalt hat ocl frnlio vorfraeho cook ho enh`do aaehajmtvorhòet, nkhat mot eaast downeo muttoecook nnl nk dòtkacgradkoetoe laedaae.

Afstrajt

At Juìl-Drnnt Mo`c`doeford gnur p`ts grnk tmo Cato Frnezo Ado woro oxjavatoh,jnetaèèd pnttory aeh stneo gradkoets aeh ?2 gradkoets ng g`roh jcay. moso fo-cned tn at coast neo jcay knuch usoh tn jast a skacc axo nr jm`soc. mo gradkoetsworo h`sjarhoh w`tm ntmor sottcokoet hofr`s aeh aro a snc`h jcuo gnr tmo cnjac prn-hujt`ne ng frnezo nfiojts w`tmè tmo sottcokoet.

C`toratuur

Faoro, T. Ho 6222. Rcaedofòh Drnnt Mo`c`doeford, dokooeto Juìl. Ooe AaevuccoehoArjmoncnd`sjmo @evoetar`satò. VAAR-rappnrt ?7=. Akstorhak.

Facc, O.A.D. oe Arenchussoe, Z. 6221. Ooe vorloeeoeh nehorznol to Juìl-Drnnt Mo`c`doeford.Arjmnc Vappnrt 6. Co`hoe9 Arjmnc fv.

Mo`rfaut, O. (roh.) 6224. Juìl-Drnnt Mo`c`doeford. Nehorznol oe npdravèd vae frnestì-horvoe oe ooe k`hhocoouwso eohorzottèd.Arjmnc Vappnrt 84. Co`hoe9 Arjmnc fv.

Iaessoes, K. 6212. Rcaedofòh Drnnt-Mo`c`doeford, jcustor J to Juìl, dokooeto Juìl @s mot spnnr ooe eatuurcìl goenkooe ng `s mot spnnr dodravoe, oe`s haar hnocfowust mot aarhoworl è dohopneoorh>

Ho jnetoxt

Mot spnnr koot 02 jk è hàkotor, `s 8= jk hòp oe moogt ooe vcallo fnhok(Agf. 6). @e oorsto èstaetò worh hnnr vooc f`nturfatò oe ooe vado agtoloeèd hovcol eòt morloeh acs ooe aetrnpndooe drnehspnnr. Nnl wìlt ho c`jmtdrìs-docovuccèd ag vae ho eafì docodoe spnroe u`t ho vrnodo oe/ng k`hhoe-ìzortìh, hòmnnghzalocìl ooe drìzo npvuccèd moffoe. Fì mot zottoe vae ooe jnetrnco-jnuponvor mot spnnr zìe fomacvo ooe vado agcìeèd vae ooe edravèd nnl ho gradkoetoevae ho mòrfnvoe doenokho pnttoe aaedotrnggoe. Np fas`s vae fnvoestaaeho dodo-voes, mot aarhoworl oe ho aaewìzèdoe vnnr ooe edravèd, jnejcuhoroe wo hat ho


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è mot vcal zoor scojmt morloefaro vorlcourèd tnjm ooe aetrnpndooe spnnr `s. @e motnehorstaaeho wnrht mot drnehspnnr haarnk acs lu`c aaedohu`h, waarea doprnfoorhwnrht ho lu`c kot mot aarhoworl to ètorprotoroe.

X`c fu rd

Oèhmnvoe

's-Mortndoefnsjm

Eìkodoe

X` cfurd Zt appod nn r

Wèhpcaatsoe

:2 lk

vèhpcaatstnpndragò

2

Maps

T ijmo e

Fordoìl

Furdokoo sto r

Fo jmt wo d

O`doefcnl

Yìhorvoc h

Ztappodnnr

Lcoè Fohag

Ztnlma ssoc t Oe sjmn tsof aae Yu` h

182.222 1=2.222

:72.2

22

822.2

22

882.2

22

E

Maps

Tìjmoe

Fordoìl

Furdokoostor

Fojmtwod

O`doefcnl

Yìhorvoch

Ztappodnnr

Lcoè Fohag

Ztnlmassoct Oesjmntsofaae Yu`h

182.222 1=2.222

:72.2

22

822.2

22

882.

222

E

Aoochèd 1 Cnjatò vae mot nehorznolstorroè oe ho doenokho vèhpcaatsoe.

G`duro 1 Cnjat`ne ng tmo oxjavatoh s`to aeh ntmor koet`neoh s`tos.


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:0 .

Np fas`s vae ho nedonrhoeho pcaatsèd vae ho aarhoworlgradkoetoe cìlt motornp hat mot vaatworl eòt hnocfowust e ho lu`c s dopcaatst9 ho sjmorvoe zìe znwoccaeds ho raehoe acs è mot k`hhoe vae ho lu`c aaedotrnggoe. Mot cìlt newaar-

sjmìecìl hat mot aarhoworl tnt ooe dragèvoetar`s fomnnrh moogt, aaedozòe or dooevorfraeh fntkatoràac, taehlapsocs ng mnutslnnc `s aaedotrnggoe. Ooe guejtò acsagvaclu`c c`dt ovoekè vnnr ho maeh aaedozòe aehoro vnehstoe, znacs hòrcìl fnt-katoràac, mnutslnnc ng stooekatoràac netfroloe. Nnl cìlt mot aarhoworl foporlttnt drnto sjmorvoe vae kaar vòr èh`v`huoe è pcaats vae vorsjm`ccoeho sjmorvoekot h`vorso gnrkatoe vae koorhoro pnttoe. Ooe aehoro kndocìlmo`h s hat mot mòrho evoetar`s fotrogt vae ooe lochorlu`c waarè ho drnto pnt acs ooe vnnrraahvat laemoffoe doguejt`neoorh. Hordocìlo vnehstoe vae kndocìlo vnnrraahlu`coe zìe èEnnrh-Frafaet (nehor aehoro to Dn`rco, Froha-Knslos) rodockat`d aaedotrnggoefèeoe mu`spcattodrnehoe u`t ho vrnodo ìzortìh (Ho Ined 622=, :1). Yuclo lu`coe

fovattoe fèeoe mu`spcattodrnehoe u`t ho k`hhoe-frnestìh scojmts è u`tznehor-cìlo dovaccoe aarhoworl (Arenchussoe 622=, 67: ennt :21) oe lueeoe haarhnnrvoocac kno`cìl ov`hoet acs lochorlu`coe wnrhoe dojcass`g`joorh. Nnl wìst ho do-rèdo sjmorgdrnntto por pnt to `cfurd eòt np mot jnkpcoot è ooe lu`c pcaatsoevae pnttoe. Mot netfroloe vae spnroe vae ooe mu`spcattodrneh nk ho lu`c mooe,roloeèd mnuhoeh kot ho dnoho lwac`to`t vae oeloco caat-prom`stnr`sjmo paaclu`coenp mot nehorznolstorroè, kaloe ooe hordocìlo etorprotatò newaarsjmìecìl. Hatmot aarhoworl nehorhooc s vae ooe (r`tuoco) hopns`tò s ovoeooes kno`cìl to fowì-zoe. Ho guejtò vae ho lu`c, oe ho rnc vae mot aarhoworl haarè, fcìgt nehu`hocìl.

Aoochèd 6 Ho lu`c (gntn hnnr FAAJ).

G`duro 6 Xmo p`t (pmntn fy FAAJ).


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Ras fì ooe vordocìlèd kot aehoro vèhpcaatsoe u`t mot eonc`tm`juk oe hofrnestìh np ho Yu`h-Eohorcaehso zaehdrnehoe, fcìlt u`t ho nehorstaaehovnnrfoochoe hat ho vnehst to Ztappoednnr eòt np z`jmzocg staat. @e ho dokooeto`cfurd zìe h`vorso npdravèdoe u`tdovnorh waarfì vado vcolloe u`t ho frnestìhzìe aaedotrnggoe. @e Forloc-Oesjmnt np ho cnjatò Oesjmntsofaae Yu`h-6 (Agf. 1)

zìe fìvnnrfooch vìg (kndocìlo) lu`coe aaedotrnggoe (Frnuwor & Wae Knusjm621?, 4:). Ho aarh `s fì vòr vae ho vìg spnroe nehu`hocìl. Wae zolor e spnnr,`s nehu`hocìl ng mot aetrnpndooe ng ooe fnnkvac `s. Ooe mnogìzorvnrk`d spnnrè ho h`rojto nkdovèd hnot mot caatsto vorknohoe nkhat mot ooe vordocìlfarolcour oe dr`cc`d vorcnnp moogt. @e h`t spnnr zìe ojmtor woc gradkoetoe vae ooehròcoh`do vorsòrho pnt u`t ho vrnodo ng ho oorsto mocgt vae ho k`hhoe-frnestìhaaedotrnggoe (spnnr 6722?< Facc & Fcnn 621?, =1). Ho pnt `s vorsòrh kot dopaar-ho vèdortnpèhrulloe waarkoo ooe hojnratò vae lcoèo nkdoloorho W-tios èvort`jaco faeoe `s dokaalt. Fì ooe npdravèd aae ho Furdokoostor Fojmtwod to`cfurd (Wae hoe Oyeho & Hìlstra, è vnnrforo`hèd), j`rja 822 k toe wostoe vae

Oesjmntsofaae Yu`h-6, zìe hrò lu`coe u`t ho vrnodo frnestìh aaedotrnggoe. Oevae hozo lu`coe, moogt znwoc e mot vcal acs e mot prngòc ooe dr`cc`d patrnne waarfìmot katoràac è ho raehzneo `s aaedotrnggoe (spnnr 648< Hroetm & Hìlstra èvnnrforo`hèd). Mot aarhoworl u`t hozo lu`c past aae mot katoràac u`t ooe eafìdocodoe lu`c (spnnr :82). Ho sjmorvoe sakoe rosuctoroe è hrò pnttoe< ooe MWZ-pnt vorsòrh kot tnuwèhrulloe oe ooe huffoco stagfaeh, ooe twooho pnt kot ooehuffoco stagfaeh oe ooe nevorsòrho pnt. Ho lu`coe vae ho Furdokoostor Fojmtwodwnrhoe doetorprotoorh acs rostoe vae ooe gueora`r r`tuooc (Hroetm & Hìlstra èvnnrforo`hèd) nk ooe aaetac rohoeoe. Or zìe dooe aaewìzèdoe vnnr ooe eohor-zottèd è ho eafìo nkdovèd (ooe mu`spcattodrneh netfroolt), ho lu`coe zìe nnl

eòt acs drag dofru`lt haar or dooe jrokatòrostoe zìe aaedotrnggoe. Mot aarhoworl`s hushae`d dogradkoetoorh hat mot aarhoworl dooe fìzottèd lae zìe è ooe emu-katòdrag (wat fnvoehòe eòt ho koost vnnrlnkoeho gueora`r dofru`l `s è hozopor`nho). Fnvoehòe s ho oorstdoenokho pnt ooe fìznehor oxokpcaar haar ho vor-sòrèd nvorooelnkstoe vortnnet kot jnccaroh ures u`t Drnnt-Fr`ttae` oe @orcaeh(zò vnnr ooe u`tvnor`do nehorfnuwèd Hroetm & Hìlstra è vnnrforo`hèd).

Ynwoc è Ztappodnnr acs np Furdokoostor Fojmtwod zìe drnto, dr`cc`d dovnrkholu`coe aaedotrnggoe. Ho np mot nnd eòt-aetrnpndoeo spnroe covorhoe fìznehoraarhoworl np. Mot znu lueeoe zìe hat spoj`gòlo caehsjmappocìlo voraehorèdoeoe fnhoklueh`do prnjossoe è hozo por`nho tnt ooe dorèdoro z`jmtfaarmo`h vae

drnehspnroe doco`h moffoe. Cnlaac lnkoe hae h`t snnrt spnroe woc aae mot c`jmt,znacs nnl hnnr Wae Lakpoe (621:, :0-82) `s u`tooedozot vnnr ho caat-eonc`tm`sjmomu`spcattodrnehoe vae Wochmnvoe-Mafraloe. Ooe aehoro kndocìlmo`h `s hat holu`c tnjm (hoocs) ooe eatuurcìlo nnrsprned moogt, hat mot ooe (c`jmto) hoprossò èmot caehsjmap `s dowoost. Nnl h`t snnrt eatuurcìlo caadtos worhoe dofru`lt vnnrfìznehoro hopns`tòs (Iaesoe oe Gnlloes 6224, 7:). Mot cìlt ojmtor newaarsjmìe-cìl hat ho lu`c vae Ztappodnnr ooe eatuurcìl caadto fotrogt, waet ho vnrk, kotrojmto waehoe, è ho jnupo wìst oorhor np ooe aetrnpndooe spnnr. Mot vorhòetè òhor dovac ho aaefovocèd nk h`t snnrt lu`coe è ho tnolnkst aaevuccoeh tonehorznoloe, nk zn ho cnlaco gnrkatòprnjossoe oe jnesorvorèd fotor to lueeoe

fodrìpoe (fìvnnrfooch hnnr k`hhoc vae k`jrnknrgncndò).


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Jahoau u`tdopalt

Ho vorassèd hò è ho vuccèd vae ho mòrfnvoe fosjmrovoe lu`c aaewoz`d was,fostneh u`t gradkoetoe vae vòr pnttoe. Ho koost fìznehoro mòrvae s pnt 1, vae-wodo zìe vorsòrèd oe vnrk (Agf. :). Mot pntprngòc `s ooecoh`d vae vnrk waarfìho fu`toezìhoe taps eaar fnvoe cnpoe acs fì ooe okkor. @e ho waeh zìe frnlloe

pntdru`s z`jmtfaar oe mòr oe haar ooe lnrroc lwarts. Ho fu`toezìho vae ho waeh s

Rnt : (196)

Rnt 8 (196)

Rnt 1 (196)

Rnt 6 (198)

12 jk2 ? jk2

Aoochèd : Aarhoworl u`t ho k`hhoe-frnestìh u`t ho lu`c (toloeèdoe hnnr V. X`kkorkaes,

gntns hnnr Vostaura, Maocoe).

G`duro : K`hhco Frnezo Ado jorak`js grnk tmo p`t (hrawèds fy V. X`kkorkaes aeh pmntnskaho fy Vostaura, Maocoe).


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c`jmt vae lcour oe ho fèeoezìho s hnelordrìs. Mot koost fìznehoro aae hozo pnt`s mot vnnrlnkoe vae twoo vorsòrho stagfaehoe. Nnl ho raeh vae ho pnt `s aae hofu`toezìho vorsòrh kot vèdortnpèhrulloe.

Rnt 6 moogt ooe fnvoezìho hò òts eaar fèeoe staat acs fì ooe tnevnrk. Hopnt s dokaalt vae lco`, vorsjmraach kot drnto frnlloe pntdru`s oe stulloe draeòt

(Agf. :) hò dnoh zìe woddowrovoe è ho waeh. Ho fèeoezìho vae ho waeh `sdovcolt nraeio kot zwart wat kndocìl vornnrzaalt s hnnr sojueha`ro vorfraehèd.Nnl `s aae ho fèeoezìho, tor mnndto vae ho nvordaed vae ho fu`l eaar ho fnhokooe zwarto lnrst z`jmtfaar. Ho vorsòrèd vae ho pnt fostaat u`t ooe raehvorsòrèdkot vèdortnppoe oe, haarnehor, ooe stagfaeh kot vèdortnpèhrulloe.

Rnt : `s scojmts vortodoewnnrh`dh hnnr ooe lcoè raehgradkoet, waarvae horneho raeh c`jmt eaar fèeoe staat (Agf. :). Ho pnt moogt ooe npvaccoeho vor-sjmracèd kot vooc oe drng nrdae`sjm katoràac waar nnl pntdru`slnrrocs oe drèhaae zìe tnodovnodh. Hu`hocìl z`jmtfaar aae mot npporvcal oe è ho froul zìe hocaedworp`do mnctos, waar mot nrdae`sjmo katoràac s u`tdofraeh. Ho lore s hnelor

vae lcour, ho fu`toezìhoe zìe c`jmt fo`do dolcourh.Wae pnt 8 `s accooe ooe hooc vae ho fu`l oe fnhok nvordofcovoe. Ho pnt `sdokaalt vae lco` vorsjmraach kot pntdru`s oe woè`d zaeh. Ho waehoe oe ho froulmoffoe ooe rnho tnt nraeio lcour, vorknohocìl mot dovncd vae mot fcnntstoccoe aaevuur.

Wordocìlèd kot aehoro oxokpcaroe

Rnt 1 past np mot oorsto doz`jmt fì ho aehoro pnttoe u`t ho k`hhoe-frnestìh,kaar wìlt np oeloco puetoe ag. Arenchussoe (622=, 14=) moogt mot frnestìhaar-

howorl np fas`s vae mot worl vae Dcasfordoe (10?8), oe Aesjmor (1002) oemoue`ssoe (1000) morèdohooch, waarfì hozo pnt tnt typo HLZ1a znu mnroe koth`t vorsjm`c hat ho `cfurdso pnt twoo stagfaehoe moogt. Worsòrèd kot huffoco,vorsòrho stagfaehoe `s end woè`d aaedotrnggoe np k`hhoe-frnestìhaarhoworl.@e `cfurd-Furdokoostor Fojmtwod `s ooe kot tnuwvorsòrho pnt dovnehoe kothuffoco, kot eadocèhrulloe vorsòrho, stagfaehoe np ho sjmnuhor vae ho pnt(Hroetm & Hìlstra è vnnrforo`hèd). Oe aehor oxokpcaar u`t ho nkdovèd `sfoloeh u`t `cfurd-Ztnlmassoct (Agf. 8, A). Hozo ure s ac e 1=8? npdodravoe hnnr

Iae Aetneò vae Zpaoehnejl hò ho pnt vorzakocho u`t e vae ho zos dragmouvocsnp ooe mo`hovoch toe wostoe vae Ztnlmassoct.1Ho pnt moogt ooe òts skaccoro vnrk,

koor acs ooe tne, hae ho okkor vae `cfurd-Ztappodnnr. Toc `s mì vorsòrh kothuffoco stagfaehoe, ac zìe hozo vrì mnnd np ho pnt dopcaatst. Ooe aehor vnnrfooch`s aaedotrnggoe è ho nkdovèd vae Wochmnvoe, è mot dragvoch tussoe ntorgnut-Macvo Kìc. Mot `s ooe okkorvnrk`do pnt (Dcasfordoe 10?8, 12?, g`d. ?0, pnt 8),ac `s h`t oxokpcaar eòt zn wìhkneh`d acs ho pnt u`t `cfurd-Ztappodnnr, oe moogtmot ooe nevorsòrho stagfaeh (Agf.8, F). Wordocìlfaro vorsòrèd, waarfì oorst ooerì eadocèhrulloe nehor ho raeh oe vorvncdoes ooe stagfaeh kot vèdortnpèhrul-loe s dopcaatst, s woc foloeh u`t ho nkdovèd, znacs to Faarco-Eassau-Lcoè Fohag

1 mttp9//t`cfurdors.ec/ho-morhdaedoe-vae-t`cfurd-ho-stnlmassoct. Ho pnt `s to zòe è mot Ennrh-

Frafaets Kusouk è s-Mortndoefnsjm. Yò nnl Dcasfordoe 10?8, 126 nksjmrìvèd fì fid. ?=.16 acznu ho ure fì Iae Aartoe Fn`klo ac è 1=81 zìe aaedotrnfloe.


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Aoochèd 8 Wordocìlèdskatoràac9 A, ho pnt u`t X`cfurd-Ztnlmassoct (frne9 www.t`cfurdors.ec) Kotacwnrl j`rjucat`ne, dondrapm`jaclenwcohdo aeh tmo s`de`g`jaejo ng Fr`t`sm/@r`sm `kpnrts è tmo Frnezo Ado ng tmo CnwJnuetròs, è9 Jcarl, R. (roh.), Frnezo Ado Jneeojt`nes. Jucturac Jnetajt è Rrom`stnr`jOurnpo.Nxgnrh/Nalv`cco9 Nxfnw Fnnls, 1:2-180.

D`fsne, A.K. oe Tnnhs, A. 1004. Rrom`stnr`j pnttory gnr tmo arjmaoncnd`st. Cnehoe9 Co`jostor_e`vors`ty Rross.

Dcasfordoe, T. 10?8. Farrnw oxjavat`nes è tmo O`dmt Foat`tuhos, tmo Frnezo Ado joko-tory fotwooe ntorgnut-Macvo Kìc, Enrtm Frafaet, @ tmo oxjavat`nes< @@ tmo `kpc`jat`nes.Racaonm`stnrà 6. Drneèdoe9 FA@.

Iaesoe, V. oe Gnlloes, M. 6224. Mot vnrstoedrag vae Nss ro-rojnes`horoh Arjmoncnd`sjm nehor-znol Nss-Wnrstoedraghnel 1004-622?. Arjmnc rappnrt 80. Co`hoe9 Arjmnc.

Ined, m. ho 622=. Arjmoncnd`sjm nehorznol Fnoloc, Rarlwod (E-F). Eohorzottèd u`t hok`hhoe frnestìh oe vrnodo ìzortìh. Arjmoncnd`sjm Joetruk Oèhmnvoe rappnrt 60.Oèhmnvoe9 Furoau Arjmoncndò dokooeto Oèhmnvoe.

Lakpoe, I.J.D. vae 621:. Fowneèd è mot Eonc`tm`juk, è9 Wae Lakpoe, I.J.D. oe

Frèl, W.F. vae hoe (roh.),Arjmoncnd`sjm nehorznol np ho Mafraloe to Wochmnvoe. wooueòlo eohorzottèdoe u`t mot Caat Eonc`tm`juk oe ho K`hhoe Frnestìh oe ooe org u`tho Wncco K`hhocoouwoe. Yu`heohorcaehso Arjmoncnd`sjmo Vappnrtoe ?6. Akstorhak9

Arjmoncnd`sjm Joetruk Wrìo _e`vors`to`t, :0-71.

Le`dmt, H. 6226. A Vod`neac Jorak`j Zoquoejo9 Rnttory ng tmo G`rst K`ccoeeùk FJfotwooe tmo Mukfor aeh tmo Eoeo, è9 Tnnhwarh, A. oe M`cc, I.H. (roh.), Rrom`stnr`jFr`taè. mo Jorak`j Fas`s. Rrom`stnr`j Jorak`js Vosoarjm Drnup Njjas`neacRufc`jat`ne :. Nxgnrh9 Nxfnw Fnnls, 110-186.

Lnn`, K. 621?. `cfurd-Ztappodnnr. Fowneèd vae ho frnestìh tnt ho eòuwo tìh caeds hoLatsfndto. FAAJ rappnrt G-12.22?0. s Mortndoefnsjm9 FAAJ.

Kaeok, Z. 622=.Cos Gnehokoets ojmencnd`quos ho ca Jucturo hos Hugga`ts (dohu FrnezoKnyoe). Rar`s9 _e`vors`t ho Rar`s ] / _e`vors`t ho Eaetorrro (prnogsjmr`gt).

Karj`dey, J., Dmosqu`ro, O. oe Lèeos, @.A. 6224. Frnezo Ado jrnss-Jmaeeoc rocat`nes.mo Cnwor-Enrkaehy (Graejo) oxakpco9 jorak`j jmrnencndy aeh g`rst rogcojt`nes, è9Furdoss, J.D.R., nppèd R. oe Cyejm, G. (roh.), Foyneh Ztneomoedo9 Ossays ne tmo Frnezo

Ado è mnenur ng Jncè Furdoss. Nxgnrh9 Nxfnw Fnnls, 6??-674.

Vostaura 6211. Vostauratòrappnrt vae ooe pnt kot stagfaehoe u`t ho Frnestìh aglnkst`d u`t`cfurd. @C6211-1. Maocoe9 Vostaura.


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moue`ssoe, O.K. 1000. K`hhoe-frnestìhsakoecovèdoe è mot zu`hoe vae ho CadoCaehoe. Ooe ovacuatò vae mot fodr`p M`cvorsuk-juctuur. Co`hoe9 _e`vors`to`t Co`hoe(prnogsjmr`gt).

moue`ssoe, O.K. oe Mucst, V. 1000. Ho npdravèd to Yìhorvoch, è9 moue`ssoe, O.K.10009K`hhoe-frnestìhsakoecovèdoe è mot zu`hoe vae ho Cado Caehoe. Ooe ovacuatò

vae mot fodr`p M`cvorsuk-juctuur. Co`hoe9 _e`vors`to`t Co`hoe (prnogsjmr`gt), 1?7-1=2.mnkas, K.Z. 622=. Grnk pntsmorhs, tn ponpco9 Zussox prom`stnr`j pnttory. Jnccaroh ures

tn pnst Hovoroc-V`kfury, j. 6222-?22 FJ. Zussox Arjmaoncnd`jac Jnccojt`nes187, 10-?1.

T`ccoks, T.I.A. 10:8. Ooe fìhrado tnt ho loee`s hor vnnr-Vnkoèsjmo ureoevochoe èEohorcaeh. Akstorhak9 _e`vors`to`t vae Akstorhak.

Tnnhwarh, A. 6226. @ejcus`nes, @kpross`nes aeh @etorprotat`ne, è9 Tnnhwarh, A. oeM`cc, I.H. (roh.), Rrom`stnr`j Fr`taè. mo Jorak`j Fas`s.Rrom`stnr`j Jorak`js VosoarjmDrnup Njjas`neac Rufc`jat`ne :. Nxgnrh9 Nxfnw Fnnls, 127-11=.

Worwors, D.I. 1046. Has Lakps Woch è Maps è Eonc`tm`luk, Frnezozo`t ueh O`soezo`t.

Aeacojta Rraom`stnr`ja Co`hoesà W. Co`hoe9 _e`vors`to`t Co`hoe (prnogsjmr`gt).


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Mot vorfnrdoe fostaae vae ooefrnesfc`lloe arkfaehOoe faddorvnehst u`t ho C`tmso Mak to Lossoc(dokooeto Nss)

Dorarh vae Acpmoe & Còsfotm Xoue`ssoe

rogwnnrhoe9 cato gaso vae ho cato frnestìh, arkfaeh, sòraah, hopns`tò, Lossoc,Ennrh-Frafaet

Loywnrhs9 gèac pmaso ng tmo Cato Frnezo Ado, frajocot, nreakoet, hopns`t`ne, Lossoc,Ennrh-Frafaet

@eco`hèd

Waeag ho vrnodo zovoet`dor iaroe vae ho vnr`do oouw tnt è mot vnnriaar vae 6226was e ho zu`hocìlo u`torwaarh vae ho Kaas, tor mnndto vae Lossoc, ooe nkvaedrì-

lo zaeh- oe drèhwèeèd daaeho. Hozo oxpcn`tatòzneo strolto z`jm nvor ooe coedtovae j`rja vòr l`cnkotor u`t. H`t dofòh, foloeh nehor ho eaak C`tmso Mak,doennt iaroecaed ooe caehocìlo foloehmo`h vaewodo zìe drnto arjmoncnd`sjmo rìl-hnk. Ho dopufc`joorho vnehstoe fostrìloe ooe caedo por`nho, hatoroeh vaeag motpaconc`tm`juk tnt oe kot ho cato k`hhocoouwoe. Eaast ho voco aarhoworlgradkoe-toe, fnuwkatoràac (tugstooe), hòrcìlo oe koesocìlo slocotrostoe, spocoe nnl hokotaacvnehstoe ooe ossoet`co rnc (n.a. Arts, Fazockaes & Ojtnr 1040, 172-146 zìe to woè`d ardukoetoe aae to hra-doe, kaar hat mot nfiojt loekorloe hraadt vae ooe suprarod`neaco stìc, `s ov`hoet.

@etorprotatò acs fowusto hopns`tò

Mnowoc ho arkfaeh vae Lossoc acs ooe cnsso vnehst `s netholt, `s mot tnjm zooraaeeokocìl hat mot sòraah hostìhs acs ooe fowusto, fotoloe`svncco hopns`tò `sajmtordocatoe. @e ho èco`hèd `s roohs aaedomaach hat ho C`tmso Mak ooe dofòh `swaar mooc vooc fìznehoro nfiojtoe eaar fnvoe zìe dolnkoe. Hat kaalt hat or è

arjmoncnd`sjmo lrèdoe dooe h`sjussò koor `s hat h`t dofòh oouwoecaed (vaeag ho


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frnestìh tnt è ho Vnkoèso tìh) vae spojàco fotoloe`s `s dowoost vnnr ho fown-eors. Mot wnrht è mot acdokooe aaedoenkoe hat spoj`gòlo caehsjmappocìlo loe-korloe vae h`t dofòh, è mot fìznehor mot pcaatsocìl sakoevcnoòe vae ho Kaasoe Taac, ooe aaetrollèdslrajmt moogt domah oe moogt doco`h tnt mot netstaae vaeooe juctuspcaats hò vae fnvoerod`neaco fotoloe`s knot zìe dowoost (Iaesoe 6218).

Mot `s dnoh vornehorstocfaar hat ho Lossocso arkfaeh aglnkst`d `s u`t e vaeho gnssòco strnnkdoucoe è ho zu`hocìlo u`torwaarh vae ho mu`h`do Kaascnnp tormnndto vae Lossoc (Knhhorkae 10?2). Nnl ho npcnssèdsdaatios, ho hueeo zwartoaaescad oe ho kotacc`sjmo cnnl vae arkfaeh zocg vortoccoe ooe vormaac nvor ooehopns`tò è ooe eat k`còu. Mot npcnssoe vae mot lnpor vneh pcaats è ooe (drng)zaeh`do nkdovèd, waarea ho arkfaeh vrì seoc haarea `s agdoholt doraalt hnnrsoh`koetoe (waarsjmìecìl lco`) oe zn è ooe zuurstngcnns k`còu torojmtlwak,waarè ho sucg`hoe z`jm vastmojmtoe aae mot npporvcal.

To kndoe hae nnl jnejcuhoroe hat ho arkfaeh pr`ka past è mot fooch hatGnetìe sjmotst vnnr ho cato frnestìh (622:, 681-687)9 mot fowust hopneoroe vae

sòrahoe è eatto, eatuurcìlo pcaatsoe. Hò sòrahoe, oe mot fotrogt hae iu`st fì-znehoro nfiojtoe hò hu`hocìl vae vorro lwakoe oe fotoloe`svnc waroe, oèh`dhoemue covoe è mot wator. To lueeoe stoccoe hat nnl ho fìznehoro arkfaeh vaeLossoc doassnjòorh lae wnrhoe kot ooe suprarod`neaco stìc. Ho o`doeaar còt kotmot hradoe zòe hat zì/mì hooc u`tkaalto vae snjàco eotworloe hò mot cnlacoe`voau netstodoe. Mot ajmtorcatoe vae mot sòraah è ooe vae ho rostdoucoe vaeho Kaas karloort zn wocc`jmt ho nvordaed eaar ooe eòuwo covoesgaso. Gnetìe(622:, 688-68?) rocatoort hozo s`tuatò aae mot agcoddoe, ng hojnestruoroe, vae ooeporsnnecìlo `hoet`to`t. Rorsnnecìlo foz`ttèdoe wnrhoe np spoj`gòlo knkoetoeè mot covoe vae ho hrador agdocodh oe dohopneoorh. Mot s vorco`hocìl to vornehor-

stoccoe hat ho inedo o`doeaar vae ho Lossocso arkfaeh np ho hrokpoc stneh eaarvncwassoemo`h oe fì hò docodoemo`h maar ng zìe sòraah agcodho.

Jnejcusò

Hozo fìhrado nvor ho frnesfc`lloe arkfaeh vae Lossoc moogt catoe zòe hat cnssokotacoe nfiojtoe, npdofaddorh oe dovnehoe hnnr akatour-arjmoncndoe, woc`swaarznehor jnetoxt zìe, kaar tnjm ooe ètr`doroeh vormaac lueeoe vortoccoe. Mot s ooelueh`d dokaalt oe vorsòrh sòraah, domakorh vae frnes kot ooe mnnd tèdomactooe waarsjmìecìl vnnrzòe vae ooe nrdae`sjmo lore. H`t mndo tèdomacto frajmt sto-

v`dmo`h, kaar nnl ooe z`cvoroe dcaes. Wnnr Eohorcaehso fodr`ppoe `s ho arkfaehzolor fìznehor to enokoe. Ojmtor, nnl np Ennrhwost-Ournposo sjmaac zìe h`tsnnrt arkfaehoe hue dozaa`h.

Nvor nehor woclo nkstaeh`dmohoe ho arkfaeh zìe covoe `s doèh`dh, tastoewo è mot hu`stor, kaar ho aaewìzèdoe hò wo moffoe hu`hoe np ooe hopns`tòè ooe watorrìl, fotoloe`svnc caehsjmap. Eu ho arkfaeh è hozo fìhrado u`t hovordotocmo`h `s domaach, lueeoe ho h`sjussòs haarnvor vae start daae.


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Afstrajt

Acknst g`gtooe yoars adn a rokarlafco frajocot was gnueh è tmo v`jè`ty ng Lossoc-C`tmso Mak. Cnjac arjmaoncnd`st Dorarh vae Acpmoe hoj`hoh tn rovoac tmo koaeèdng tm`s h`sjnvory. mo frnloe, fut jnkpcoto frajocot was kaho fy makkorèd astr`p ng frnezo. mo k`hhco part `s vory tmè, 2.: kk, aeh J-smapoh. mo drnnvo ng

tm`s tmè smoot frnezo was prnfafcy g`ccoh w`tm nrdae`j kattor, sujm as wnnh, fneonr coatmor. ]VG-aeacyso smnws tmat tmo frajocot was kaho ng m`dm-tè frnezo. @tmah a harl s`cvory appoaraejo w`tm a fr`ccàet custro. Jnkparafco gèhs ng tm`s lèhng frajocot aro sjarjo. mo gow lenwe smoot pcato frajocots pnèt tn tmo gèac pmasong tmo Cato Frnezo Ado. mo patèa èh`jatos a wot hopns`t`neac oev`rnekoet. Tojnejcuho tmat tmo frajocot ng Lossoc `s a gèo oxakpco ng a spoj`g`j ene-cnjac fnhynreakoet tmat oehoh `ts c`go è a koaeèdguc watory pcajo.

Tnnrh vae hael

ìhoes ho iaroecaedo spourtnjmt moogt ho oorsto autour vae vooc porsneoe ahvòzoe,suddostòs oe aehoro t`ps netvaedoe. Draad haelt mì Iay Futcor, Maeeò Ztoodstra,E`jn Vnykaes, Hav`h Gnetìe, Fort`c vae Ns oe Oudeo Tarkoefnc vnnr mot ho-coe vae ho loee`s. Nnl Cnu`s Zwèlocs oe Vneey Koìors vae Kusouk vae MotWaclmng to Eìkodoe waroe zoor fomucpzaak fì ho fostuhorèd vae ho Lossocsoarkfaeh oe mot ajmtormacoe vae ègnrkatò nvor mot Eìkoodso oxokpcaar. Hoorloetocìlmo`h vnnr hozo mucp `s drnnt.

C`toratuur

Arts, E., Fazockaes, I. oe Ojtnr, G. 1040. Eohorzottèdsspnroe u`t ho Vnkoèso tìh oeu`t ho Wrnodo oe Cato K`hhocoouwoe caeds ho Kaas to Lossoc, Dokooeto C`tm (E.Fr.).Frafaets Mook:1, 172-146.

Fcaejmot, I.-J. 10=8. Cos prokòrs ktaccurd`sts oe R`jarhò ot haes co Enrh ho ca Graejo. Kokn`ros ho ca snjòt prm`stnr`quo Graea`so 14. Rarìs9 Znjòt prm`stnr`quoGraea`so.

Futcor, I.I. oe Ztoodstra, M. 6224/622=. Frnezo Ado kotac aeh akfor è tmo Eotmorcaehs(@W). Mnarhs aeh r`jm dravos è tmo Cato Frnezo Ado, Rart A. Racaonm`stnrà 80/?2,:4?-818.

Jnggye, A., Dnkoz, I. oe Knmoe, I.-R. 10=1. Capndo hu Frnezo atcaet`quo. Co hpt hoWeat.Cdo hu Frnezo oe Graejo 1. Rar`s9 R`jarh.

Hysocèjl, . 6211. Ooe rìl drag è ooe ureoevoch u`t ho cato frnestìh to Kaastr`jmt-Akfyorvoch.Arjmonfròg1?-8, =-11.

Hysocèjl, . 621:. Mot ureoevoch vae Kaastr`jmt Akfyorvoch-Madormng.FAAJ-rappnrtA-2=.28=4. s-Mortndoefnsjm9 Faaj.

Hysocèjl, . oe Tarkoefnc, O. 6216. Ho frnezoe vnnrworpoe u`t ooe ureoevoch toKaastr`jmt-Akfyorvoch. Cueuca Arjmaoncndà prntnm`stnr`ja 62, ?0-7:.

Gnetìe, H.V., 622:. Zajr`g`jàc caehsjapos. Jucturac f`ndrapmòs ng porsnes, nfiojts, ae

eaturac pcajos è tmo Frnezo Ado ng tmo snutmore Eotmorcaehs, 6:22-722 FJ. AeacojtaRraom`stnr`ja Co`hoesà ::/:8. Co`hoe9 Co`hoe _e`vors`ty.


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?0

Drnlnpg, F. 1007. Aetmrnpncnd`sjmo Foarfo`tued hor Co`jmoefreho aus hok Drafmdocvne Koèorsoe, Chlr. D`gmnre, è9 Taccfrojmt, A., Hor Drafmdoc vne Koèorsoe.Fosnehormo`toe oèos 6?22 Iamro actoe Fostattuedspcatzos. Ausdrafued 100?.Zjmr`gtoero`mohos Caehlro`sos D`gmnre 16. D`gmnre, 71-77.

@edn, D.K., Rcosjà, R., Aedocè`, O., V`jjujj`, J. oe Ho Jarn, . 6227. Frnezo Vnkae

k`rrnrs. mo sojrot ng fr`dmteoss,Appcòh Rmys`js A=:, 711-71?.Iaesoe, V. 6218. Ho arjmoncnd`sjmo sjmatlakor Kaaslaet. Fowneèd vae mot Ennrhnnst-

Frafaetso r`vòroedofòh tussoe :222 v. oe 1?22 e.Jmr. Co`hoe9 Z`hostneo Rross.

K`cjoet, R.-P. 6216. Co tokps hos c`tos oe Dauco Atcaet`quo. Jmrnencndò hos knf`còrs ot ry-tmkos ho jnest`tut`ne ho hopnt ktacc`quos haes co jnetoxt Ournpoe (]@@@o-W@@o s.av.I.-J.).Voeeos9 Rrossos ue`vors`ta`ros ho Voeeos.

Knhhorkae, R.I.V. 10?2. Mot nuhmo`hlueh`d nehorznol vae ho nuho wnnedrnehoe caedsho Kaaslaet è Ennrh-Frafaet. Frafaets Iaarfnol. Eòuwo rools hor maehocèdoe vaemot prnvèjàac doenntsjmap vae luestoe oe wotoesjmappoe è Ennrh-Frafaet, 06-124.

V`jmtor, @. 1042. Hor Ark- ueh Foèsjmkujl hor Frnezo- ueh _reoegochorzo`t e Mossoe uehVmoèmossoe. Rrm`stnr`sjmo Frnezogueho, Afto`cued ], Faeh 1. Kejmoe9 @est`tut grWnrdosjm`jmto hor _e`vors`tt Graelgurt ak Kaèz.

Vnykaes, E. 6228. Otme`j @hoet`ty aeh @kporàc Rnwor. mo Fatavàes è tmo Oarcy VnkaeOkp`ro. Akstorhak Arjmaoncnd`jac Ztuhòs 12. Akstorhak9 Akstorhak _e`vors`tyRross.

Zjmoddot, K.O. tor 1000. Cato @rne Ado slocotac rokaès grnk tmo r`vor Kouso at Lossoc9 ar`vor juctpcajo>, è9 mouws, G. oe Vnykaes, E. (roh.), Caeh aeh aejostnrs. Jucturac hy-eak`js e tmo _regòch por`nh aeh tmo K`hhco Ados e tmo snutmore Eotmorcaehs. Akstorhak

Arjmaoncnd`jac Ztuhòs 8. Akstorhak9 Akstorhak _e`vors`ty Rross, 100-682.

Zjmk`h-Z`l`k`j, F. 1007. Hor Ark- ueh Foèsjmkujl hor Maccstattzo`t è hor Zjmwo`z.Rrm`stnr`sjmo Frnezogueho, Afto`cued ], Faeh ?. Yr`jm9 _e`vors`tt Yr`jm.

moue`ssoe, C. oe Ns, F. vae 621?. ]VG-ajtò np dnrhocmaal oe arkfaeh vae Iae vae hoJnncwìl (ètore vorscad VJO). Akorsgnnrt9 VJO.

_jlockaee, K. 6211. Iuedfrnezozo`tc`jmo Zjm`cho Eutzued ueh Fohoutued, è9 _.C.Hòtz oe Lnjloemvoc, A. (roh.). Frnezoe `k Zpaeeuedsgoch zw`sjmoe pralt`sjmorEutzued ueh sykfnc`sjmor Fohoutued. Rrm`stnr`sjmo Frnezogueho ]], Faeh 1:.Ztuttdart9 Graezo Ztoèor Worcad, 680-6?=.

W`cstoroe, W. vae 1042. Iaarvorscad Rrnvèjàac Kusouk vae Hroetmo 1042. Eòuwo Hroetso

Wnclackaeal=0, 66:-6?7.

Taccfrojmt, A. 1007. Hor Drafmdoc vne Koèorsoe. Fosnehormo`toe oèos 6?22 Iamro ac-toe Fostattuedspcatzos. Ausdrafued 100?. Zjmr`gtoero`mo hos Caehlro`sos D`gmnre 16.D`gmnre9 Caehlro`sos D`gmnre.


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71 .

A hojnratoh @rne Ado aetcor nfiojtgrnk tmo Ennrhmng sottcokoet s`to

Tatorèdso Woch, mo Maduo

Karcnos Vìlocìlmu`zoe, Aeeokòlo Worfaas

& Maes Zòknes

rogwnnrhoe9 vorsòrh vnnrworp vae dowo`, dofru`lsspnroeaeacyso, (k`hhoe-) ìzortìh,eohorzottèd

Loywnrhs9 hojnratoh aetcor nfiojt, uso woar aeacys`s, (k`hhco) `rne ado, sottcokoet s`to

@etrnhujt`ne

Hurèd oxjavat`nes è mo Maduo at tmo s`to ng Ennrhmng è Tatorèdso Woch a ue`-quo aetcor nfiojt was gnueh (Zòknes & Fuctoe 6218< prniojt jnho ENG27). monfiojt `s jaroguccy hojnratoh fut tmo guejt`ne `s tmus gar uelenwe. Zurpr`sèdcy,

tmo nfiojt jnuch fo hatoh tn tmo K`hhco @rne Ado (?22-6?2 FJ). Ent kaey ho-jnratoh fneo aeh aetcor nfiojts aro lenwe è tmo Eotmorcaehs grnk tm`s por`nh.

A smnrt sjae ng pufc`smoh @rne Ado s`tos è Ournpo prnv`hoh a gow paraccocs aehpnss`fco guejt`nes gnr tmo nfiojt grnk mo Maduo. _so woar aeacys`s jnehujtoh netmo nfiojt, mnwovor, prnvoh acc tmoso pnss`fco guejt`nes wrned.

Xmo oxjavat`ne9 jnetoxt aeh hatèd ng tmo nfiojt

A hyeak`j caehsjapo

mo s`to `s s`tuatoh è tmo h`str`jt ng Tatorèdso Woch ne tmo snutmore scnpo ng tmofoajm farròr ng Vìswìl-Wnnrsjmntoe. mo oarcòst mukae ajt`v`tòs ne

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