Nomenclature, Abbreviations The Nomina Anatomica 1972 term is in italics

1. sulci (s.) and cisterns (c) (smaller types only are used)

ac amb c.

calc ca-po

cc

cent

chor chor c.

CI

ci l

coIl cu d

acoustic sulcus ambient or circumpeduncular cis­tern, between cisterna interpedun­cularis and quadrigeminal cistern (cisterna venae magnae Galeni or cisterna laminae tecti) s. calcarinus, calcarine sulcus common trunk of calcarine and parieto-occipital sulci (s. antecal­carinus Cunningham), tronc com­mun des scissures calcarine et pa­riHo-occi pi tale s. corporis callosi, pericallosal sulcus, sillon du corps calleux s. centralis, rolandic fissure, si1lon de Rolando fissura choroidea choroid cistern. This seems to be the most adequate common name for different" cisterns" described on pneumoencephalographic pic­tures, such as "wings of ambient cistern", "retropulvinarian CIS­tern ", "cisterna veli interpositi", "citerne soustrigonale" etc. de­signating respectively the lower, posterior and superior parts of a characteristic C shaped air filling in the lateral view (see also the figures and text on choroid and posterior cerebral arteries in Ch. IV-F) s. cinguli, cingulate sulcus, callo­so marginal sulcus intralimbic sulcus s. collateralis s. cunei

sulcus diagonalis Eberstaller, on F 3 (p), between precentral sulcus

fi fm

fma fs fsl

h IC

ifop

ms

ins (a) ins (i) ins (s) Ip Ip c.

IpO

IpOp

marg

olf orb orb (t)

and anterior vertical branch of sylvian fissure s. frontalis inferior s. frontalis medius, a more or less well-developed sagittal sulcus of­ten fragmented in several parts, dividing the middle frontal gyrus, especially its anterior part. If well developed, it gives rise to a four gyrus pattern of the frontal lobe (Eberstaller) instead of the classic three convolutions s. frontomarginalis Wernicke s. frontalis superior

s. frontalis intermedius on upper surface of superior frontal gyrus s. hippocampi

incisura capitis, branch of inferior frontal sulcus, cutting in F 3 (c) from above incisure of frontal operculum (De­jerine), s. subcentralis anterior (Eberstaller) sulcus circularis insulae, marginal sulcus of insula

anteriOr) inferi~r marginal sulcus of insula supenor s. intraparietalis cisterna interpeduncularis incisura preoccipitalis, preoccipi­tal notch mClsure of parietal operculum (Dejerine) s. subcentralis post. (Eberstaller) marginal ramus of cingulate sulcus, branche margin ale du sil­Ion callosomarginal s. olfactorius s. orbitales transverse orbital sulcus, central part of Broca's incisure en H, an-

parc

PJ

po

poc

poc (i) poc (s) prc prc (i) prc (s) qu c.

rh ro

sp st tr

sy

sy (f)

sy (h)

teriorly convex, roughly parallel to the first transversal part of the sylvian fissure. This anterior boundary of F 3 (0) could be con­sidered as a continuation of the inferior frontal sulcus on orbital lobe s. paracentralis, anterior bound­ary of paracentral lobule s. parietalis intermedius of Jensen, separating supramarginal and an­gular gyri. Usually, a branch of the intraparietal sulcus s. parietooccipitalis, sClssure per­pendiculaire interne s. postcentralis, postrolandic sulcus inferior postcentral sulcus superior postcentral sulcus s. precentralis, prerolandic sulcus inferior precentral sulcus superior precentral sulcus quadrigeminal cistern, cisterna venae magnae Galeni s. rhinalis s. rostralis (Eberstaller), mClsure sus-orbitaire (Broca) s. subparietalis

s. temporalis transversus. The deep opercular sulcus posterior to the great or anterior transverse gyrus of Heschl, anterior limit of the planum temporale s. lateralis, sylvian fissure, scissure de Sylvius fossa lateralis cerebri designates the cavity between the orbito­fronto-parieto-temporal opercula and the insula ramus anterior, anterior horizon­tal branch of sylvian fissure be­tween triangular (F 3C) and orbital

261

sy (p)

sy (p asc)

sy (t) sy (v)

ti

tm

ts

ts (asc)

(F 30) parts of inferior frontal gyrus ramus posterior of sylvian fissure, junction of frontoparietal and

temporal opercula ascending terminal part of ramus posterior, cutting in deeply the

inferior parietal lobule (supra­marginal gyrus) trunk of sylvian fissure ramus ascendens, anterior vertical

branch of sylvian fissure between

triangular (F 3C) and opercular (F 3P) parts of inferior frontal

gyrus third of inferior temporal sulcus (N.A.: sulcus occipitotemporalis) separating the inferior temporal gyrus from the fusiform gyrus middle or second temporal sulcus. The latest Nomina Anatomica re­

baptized this furrow sulcus tempo­ralis inferior. To avoid confusion, however, we continue to use the classical term, found in most text­books of neuroanatomy. The middle temporal gyrus IS thus bounded at its lower limit by a fragmented furrow, the general

direction of which is parallel to the superior temporal sulcus. Its terminal posterior part follows similarly an ascending direction, somewhat slanting towards the occipital pole (= anterior occipi­

tal sulcus of Wernicke) s. temporalis superior or parallel sulcus ascending continuation of ts, sometimes also called angular sulcus, cutting in deeply the infe­

rior parietal lobule

2. Gyri (g) landmarks etc. (abbreviations begin with capital letters).

Ang

Cc Cc (g)

Cc (spI) Cer

262

g. angularis, pli courbe

corpus callosum genu

} corporis callosi splenium cerebellum, cervelet

Ci

ColI

Cu Dent

F 1 (p)

F2 (p)

F 3 (c)

Falx

FM Fus

H

Ins L Mes Op (a)

Op (s)

gyrus cinguli or upper limbic gyrus eminentia collateralis cuneus gyrus dentatus or fascia dentata, corps godronne

fornix, trigone g. frontalis superior, premiere cir­convolution frontale g. frontalis medialis, mesial aspect of superior frontal gyrus

pied de F b posterior end of F 1,

anastomosing with precentral

gyrus g. frontalis medius, deuxieme cir­

convolution frontale pied de F 2, posterior end of F 2,

anastomosing with precentral

gyrus g. frontalis inferior, troisieme cir­

convolution frontale pars triangularis, cap de la troi­

sieme circonvolution frontale pars orbitalis, of g. frontalis infe­

rior, partie orbitaire de la troi­sieme circonvolution frontale pars opercularis of g. frontalis inferior, pied de la troisieme cir­convolution frontale (Broca). (Actually, all three parts of the inferior frontal gyrus are "oper­

cular" insofar as they cover the corresponding part of the insula)

falx cerebri foramen interventriculare Monro g. fusiformis, fourth temporal

gyrus, T 4' Also called gyrus occip­itotemporalis medialis (NA) hippocampus, Ammon's horn, corne d' Ammon insula g. lingua lis mesencephalon operculum frontale, anterior oper­

culum; covering the anterior aspect of insula, it comprizes the orbital and the triangular parts of gyrus

frontalis inferior F3(0) and F3(C) operculum frontoparietale, supe­rior operculum. Covers the superior aspect of the insula. Extends between anterior

Op (i)

Op (t) or

Pi P2

Parc

Pcu Ped Ph PI t or

PI temp

Poc

Pons

Prc

Pulv

Re Sm St

St pol

Stt p

Tci Th

and posterior ascending branches of sylvian fissure [sy (v)-sy (p

asc)]

aspect of the insula. This is the superior or supratemporal surface

of Ti operculum temporale, inferior

operculum covering the inferior lobulus parietalis superior lobulus parietalis inferior lobulus paracentralis precuneus, lobule quadrilatere pedunculus cerebri g. parahippocampalis planum temporale: terminal part of the floor of the sylvian fissure, situated behind the great trans­verse gyrus of Heschl (from sulcus temporalis transversus pnnCIpa­lis). This posterior part of the supratemporal (opercular) surface of the gyrus temporalis superior

can show secondary transverse gyri and sulci (generally more pro­

nounced on the left side, as com­pared to the flatter right planum)

g. postcentralis, posterior central or postrolandic gyrus. Circonvo­lution parietale ascendante pons Varoli, protuberance annu­laire g. precentralis, anterior central or prerolandic gyrus. Circonvolution frontale ascendante. pulvinar thalami g. rectus g. supramarginalis supratemporal- opercular - sur­

face of T 1

planum polare: concave anterior part of supratemporal surface, anterior to Heschl's gyrus g. temporalis transversus primus: great transversal temporal gyrus of Heschl. Circonvolution tempo­

rale profonde anterieure g. temporalis superior g. temporalis medius g. temporalis inferior tentorium cerebelli, tente du cerve­

let incisura tentorii thalamus

u

Vf

V lat Vo

Vt

PI chor

uncus gyri parahippocampalis.

Crochet de l'hippocampe

ventriculus tertius

ventriculus quartus

atrium or trigonum of lateral ven­tricle, carrefour ventriculaire in the French terminology, where frontal, temporal and occipital horns join cornu anterius ventriculi lateralis,

frontal horn, corne frontale

ventriculus lateralis

cornu posterius ventriculi lateralis

occipital horn, corne occipitale cornu inferius ventriculi latera lis,

temporal horn, corne temporale plexus choroideus, choroid plexus

Orientation lines and planes

Ac Pc ACPC

commissura anterior

commissura posterior

bicommissural line of Talairach, joining the upper border of ante­rior commissure to the lower bor­der of posterior commissure

ACPC-plane bicommissural plane perpendicu­lar to interhemispheric plane

ACPC I I axial plane parallel to the preceed-

ACPC ~

CENT II

SY II

mg frontal plane perpendicular to both ACPC and interhemispheric planes central or rolandic plane, parallel to the axis of the central sulcus and perpendicular to interhemi­spheric plane plane parallel to the direction of posterior branch of sylvian fissure (not taking into account the as­cending terminal part) perpendic­ular to the interhemispheric plane

SY ~ plane perpendicular to SY II V AC vertical orientation line, perpen­

dicular to ACPC drawn at poste-rior border of anterior commis­sure

VPC vertical orientation line, perpen­dicular to ACPC drawn at ante­rior border of posterior commis­sure

VAC Plane} frontal planes perpendicular to VPC plane both ACPC and midline

3. Arteries (a) and Veins (v)

To designate cerebral blood vessels, the Nom­ina Anatomica terms only will be used in this book. In radiologic and in some anatomic de­scriptions a detailed nomenclature of individual cortical arteries is frequently used. With minor modifications, this nomenclature is derived from the descriptions of FOIX and collabo­rators. For several arterial branches, the names of sulci or gyri are borrowed, as for instance "rolandic artery", "angular gyrus artery", "calcarine artery". Such names, however, imply a specific relationship between the arte­rial branching pattern and different cortical structures. Perusal of the original descriptions as well as our own material shows the lack of such specific relationships. We therefore prefer to avoid these terms which might be mis­leading for the reader.

In the light of our studies, angiographic lo­calization of cortical structures is inscribed in the three-dimensional course of the cerebral vas­cular tree, in the composite deep sulcal vascu­lar laminae and not in the highly variable over­all course of inconstant individual "arteries".

For the purpose of localization of cortical structures at least, the simple basic division of the Nomina Anatomica seems therefore quite satisfactory.

If, for other purposes, a more detailed no­menclature of cortical blood vessels should be elaborated and convened upon internationally, the use of less specific, regional designations would probably help to avoid misunderstand­ing. "Central branches of the sylvian artery", seems less equivocal than "rolandic artery", "superomedial branch of the posterior cerebral artery" seems more accurate than "calcarine and parietooccipital arteries" etc.

a. l;3as. a. CI.

arteria basilaris

a. carotis interna

a. comm. a. a. communicans anterior

a. chor. a. a. choroidea anterior

a. comm. p. a. CA a. CA (0)

a. communicans posterior

a. cerebri anterior

rami orbitales arteriae cerebri an­terioris. Orbital branches of the anterior cerebral artery (" orbito-frontal artery" in radiologic literature)

a. CA (f) rami Jrontales arteriae cerebri an­terioris. Frontal branches of ante­

rior cerebral artery. (Frontopolar,

anterior-internal, middle internal, posterior internal, paracentral lobule arteries in the literature)

a. CA (p) rami parietales arteriae cerebri an­terioris. Parietal branches of ante­rior cerebral artery (" superior in­ternal parietal and inferior inter­nal parietal arteries")

a. CM a. cerebri media. Middle cerebral or sylvian artery

a. CM (0) rami orbitales a. cerebri mediae: they leave the sylvian fissure crossing the orbital operculum (F 30), anterior horizontal branch Sy (h) included (" orbito-frontal artery")

a. CM (f) rami frontales a. cerebri mediae leaving the sylvian fissure in the anterior vertical branch Sy (v) or crossing the frontal operculum (" prefrontal and precentral ar­teries ")

a. CM (p) rami parietales a. cerebri mediae. Parietal branches of sylvian ar­tery. Branches leaving the sylvian fissure through the parietal oper­culum and its notches, if present, including the posterior ascending branch [sy (p asc)]. (Central, ante­rior, and posterior parietal, angu­lar gyrus arteries in the literature)

a. CM (t) rami temporales a. cerebri mediae. Temporal branches of sylvian ar­tery, they leave the fissure cross­ing its temporal lip, from the tem­poral pole to the end of the poste­nor limb. (" temporooccipital, posterior, middle, anterior tempo­ral and temporopolar" arteries)

r. str. rami striati a. C.M. a. CP a. cerebri posterior, posterior cere­

bral artery a. CP (t) rami temporales, temporal

branches of a. cerebri posterior (" temporooccipital branches")

a. CP (0) rami occipitales. Occipital branches of a. cerebri posterior (" posterior temporo-occipital and calcarine arteries" in the usual descriptions)

263

a. CP (po) ramus parietooccipitalis. Actually, the plurial rami would be more adequate, as there generally are two branches penetrating in the parieto-occipital fissure ("pa­rieto-occipital artery" in the liter­ature)

r. chor. p. rami choroidei posteriores, poste­rior choroid arteries. Several branches of the posterior cerebral artery enter the choroid sulcus

r. chor. p. (1) It is customary to describe a pos­terolateral and a posteromedial

r. chor. p. (m) choroidal artery, the former going to the plexus of the lateral, the latter to the plexus of the third ventricle

v. bas.

v.G.

v.c.i.

264

vena basalis, basal vein of Rosen­thal vena cerebri magna great cerebral vein of Galenus vena cerebri interna, internal cere­bral vein

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269

Illustrations of Material from Individual Cases The following list is provided to help the reader find all the specimens and angiograms for each case.

The italic numbers refer to pages with illustrations.

Specimens

I 46-49,61-79, 107-113, 129, 142, 149 II 54-55, 91-92, 98-99, 128, 130, 137-138,

148, 150, 155-157, 166-167, 172, 193 III 39-45, 93, 116-118, 132-133, 140-141,

152-153 IV 124-125, 135, 144, 168 V 114-115 VI 94-95, 106, 134, 145, 154, 158-161, 169,

182-183, 221-225, 245-259 VIII 182, 190-191 XIII, 50-58,186-189,192,196-199 XIII 184-185, 193, 198-199 M 143

Angiograms

Case I Case II Case III Case IV Case V Case VI Case VII Case VIII Case IX Case X

208-214 10-11,215-220 96-97, 120-121, 130-131, 139, 170-171 122-123, 146 195 226-227 228-229 230-231 232-233 234-235

(Brief description of clinical history on p. 13.)

Subject Index

AC-PC (anterior commissure-posterior commis­sure) line 18-19, 23-24

- in tomography 243 Angiograms, clinical- anatomical study 202, 204

normal 208-220 - tumor 226-235 - atrophy 234-235 Angiograms, routine - anatomic interpretation

202, 204, 236 Angiography - cortical localization by

principles 3-4, 7 examples: normal 208-220 tumor 226-233 atrophy 234-235

Angiography, three-dimensional - general 4 - technique 202, 205-207 Angiotomography (Chap. VI, pp. 240-259, passim.)

principles 241, 243 technique 245 planes and angles (see Nomenclature, p. 264, for definitions)

Arteries, apparent crossing of 6 Artery, internal carotid 242, 248, 250, 253 Artery, anterior cerebral (for branches in individu­

al sulci, see corresponding sulcus) 86, 246-247, 255 frontal branches 86, 88-99, 126, 139-161, 210-211,221-227,246-247 orbital branches 246-247 parietal branches 139-161, 246-247

Artery, anterior choroidal 178-179, 182-183, 253, 255

Artery, posterolateral choroidal 176,182-183, 185, 187,251,255

Artery, middle cerebral (for branches in individual sulci, see corresponding sulcus) 210-220, 226-231, 246-249, 257 stereotactic dissection 57-59, 60-79 frontal branches 70-71, 126, 127-161,248-249, 257 parietal branches 72-75, 112, 136-161, 162-163, 164-173,248-249 striate branches 248-249, 251, 253 temporal branches 76-77, 112-113, 162-163, 164-173, 257

Artery, posterior cerebral (for branches in individ­ual sulci, see corresponding sulcus) 174--177, 178-199, 232-233, 251, 253, 257

occipital branches 255, 257 parieto-occipital branches 255, 257 temporal branches 253, 257

Artery, Sylvian (see also Artery, middle cerebral) 243 diagram of branches (DURET) 3 diagram of branches (FOIX and LEVY) 3 templates of RING and WADDINGTON 4 template of SALAMON et al. 4 arteries in sylvian fissure 100-101, 102-125

Asymmetry, hemispheric 101, 112-121 Axes, tomographic (see Plane: for definitions, see

Nomenclature, p. 264)

Bicommissural reference lines (see AC-PC line) 18-19, 23-24

- in tomography 243 Bicommissural and orbitomeatal orientation 204,

237 Bicommissural and SLS orientation 204, 237 Bifurcation, carotid 242-243, 248-250, 253 Biomechanical theory of cortical folding process

28-30, 33-35

Cistern, ambient 174-177, 178-179, 182, 184-189, 196-197, 253, 257

Cistern, choroid 174, 176-177, 178-179, 182, 184-185, 187, 196-197, 232-233, 248-249

Cistern, interpeduncular 174, 176, 178-179

Cistern, quadrigeminal 174-176, 178-179 Cistern, retropulvinarian (see Cistern, choroid) Commissure, posterior (see also 'AC-PC line)

242-243 Computerized tomography 241-243,258 Corpus callosum (see also Sulcus of the corpus cal-

losum) 246-247,251 - agenesis of 29 Cortex, buried in sulci 8-9 Cortical surface patterns

embryogenesis 3, 6, 28-30, 33-35 - extracted from an angiogram 11 and see

Chap. V Cortical vascular pattern 82-83, 84-85

deep 7 difficulties of anatomic interpretation 7 of individual sulci (see corresponding sulcus)

271

Cortical vascular pattern superficial 7 - three-dimensional interpretation 7 Cuneus 177,185-187,190-192,242-243,246-247,

252

Deep vascular pattern (see Sulcal vascular laminae) Deep vascular pattern, pathologic changes 203 - localized atrophy 234-235 - tumor cases 226-233 Dissection, stereotactic 58-59, 60-79

Gyri, general pattern (see Chap. II, pp. 27-57) Gyrus, angular (see also superior temporal sulcus)

112, 162-163, 164-172,212-213,219-220,257 Gyrus, cingulate (see also sulcus, cingulate; sulcus

of corpus callosum) 86-87, 88-99, 210-211, 222, 226-227, 246-247, 250

Gyrus F 3 (see gyrus, inferior frontal) Gyrus, fusiform (see also sulcus, collateral; sulcus,

inferior temporal) 175, 186, 188, 190-191, 193, 196-197, 224, 232-233, 248-249

Gyrus, great transversal temporal (Heschl) (see also sulcus, lateral, supratemporal surface) 69, 100-101, 105, 110-111, 114-121, 167, 170-172, 185, 216, 223, 242, 246-247, 255, 257

Gyrus, hippocampal (see gyrus, parahippocampal) Gyrus, inferior frontal (see also operculum, ante­

rior; operculum, superior; sulcus, lateral) 64, 87, 92-95, 129, 246-247 pars orbitalis 250

Gyrus, inferior temporal (see also sulcus, middle temporal; sulcus, inferior temporal) 186, 188, 224, 248-249

Gyrus, lingual (see also sulcus, calcarine; sulcus, collateral) 175, 186-188, 190, 196-197, 222, 252

Gyrus, lower limbic (see Gyrus, parahippocampal) Gyrus, middle frontal (see also sulcus, inferior and

superior frontal) 86-87, 88-89, 246 Gyrus, middle temporal (see also sulcus, middle

temporal; sulcus, superior temporal) 162-163, 164-172, 224, 248-249, 251, 257

Gyrus, parahippocampal (see also cistern, choroid; sulcus, collateral; sulcus, rhinal) 174-177, 179, 185-188, 193, 196-199, 222-224, 251, 253

Gyrus, postcentral (see also sulcus, central; sulcus, postcentral; central region) 126, 136-161, 223-224, 242-243, 246-247, 259

Gyrus, precentral (see also sulcus, precentral; sul­cus, central; central region) 94, 126, 127-146, 155-161, 223-224, 242-243, 246-247

Gyrus, superior frontal (see also interhemispheric surface; sulcus, superior frontal) 86-87, 88-99, 210-211,221-222,224,226-227,254,256-257

Gyrus, superior limbic (see Gyrus, cingulate) Gyrus, superior temporal (see also sulcus, lateral;

sulcus, superior temporal) 162-163, 165-173, 224, 248-249, 251, 255, 257

Gyrus, supramarginal (see also lobule, parietal in­ferior; sulcus, lateral (sy (p asc))) 162-163, 165-173, 212-213, 218-220, 223, 255-257

Gyrus, T 4 (see Gyrus, fusiform)

272

Heschl's gyrus (see Gyrus, great transversal tempo-ral)

Hippocampus 174,182-183,185,242,246-247 Horn, frontal 248-249, 251 Horn, occipital 178-179, 252 Horn, temporal 178-179, 248-249, 253

Identification of loops in frontal and lateral view, T-square (see also Angiography, three-dimen­sional) 205, 207

Indirect localization of cortical structures 2, 18-19,25-26

Insula (see also sulcus, lateral; triangle, sylvian) 67, 76-77, 100-101, 102-103, 216, 242, 246-251, 255,257

Insular reference system (VLAHOVITCH) (see also sulcus, lateral) 4, 30

Interhemispheric surface 5, 86, 88, 91-93, 95-96, 98-99,210-211,222,226-227,246-250,253

Intrasulcal vascular laminae: recognition in angio­grams (see sulci, identification)

Line, bicommissural (see AC-PC; Bicommissural orientation)

Line, superior insular (VLAHOVITCH) (see also sul­cus, lateral, esp. 120-121) 4, 30, 100

Lobule, inferior parietal (see also gyrus, angular; gyrus, supramarginal; sulcus, intraparietal; sul­cus, postcentral) 147-161, 162-163, 164-172, 214, 242-243

Lobule, paracentral (see also sulcus, marginal ra­mus of cingulate) 86-87,88-99, 126-127, 128-161, 243-243

Lobule, superior parietal (see also, sulcus, intrapa­rietal; sulcus, postcentral) 147-161, 163,224, 242-243

Neuroradiology, stereotactic (for examples, see Chap. V) 18, 22

Operculum, frontal (see also sulcus, lateral) 100, 103-125, 216

Operculum, frontoparietal (see also sulcus, lateral) 100-101, 103-125, 148, 216

Operculum, temporal (see also sulcus, lateral) 68--69, 101, 103-125, 185, 216

Orbitomeatal incidence parallel to bicommissural plane 204, 237

Orientation (see Plane)

Planes 241-242 definition: see Nomenclature, p. 264 bicommissural (AC-PC), 242-243 ff. "natural" 241-243 natural axes 241-243 Orbitomeatal (OM) 243-244, 258 Rolandic (Cent, II, 1-) 241-243,245,253 Sagittal 242, 246-247 Sylvian (Sy, /I, 1-) 241-242,245,248-249, 254-255 Vestibular 242

Planum, polar (see also, sulcus, lateral, supratem­poral surface) 110-111, 114-115, 185,242,255

Planum, temporal (see Retroinsular region) Pneumoencephalography (encephalographic locali­

zation of cortical structures) 2 - of Sylvian fissure 104-105 Precuneus (see also sulcus, marginal branch of cin­

gulate; sulcus, parietooccipital) 174, 177, 185-186, 190-191, 252

Projections, radiographic 244 Projection area of sulci (for individual sulci, see

corresponding sulcus in Chap. IV) 17-18, 20-21, 83

Proportional grid for indirect stereotactic localiza­tion of cortical structures 18-19, 25-26

Retroinsular region (see also Gyrus, great trans­verse temporal; planum temporale) 101, 105, 110, 121, 185, 242-243, 246-247, 251, 255 asymmetry 101, 112-121

Rolandic fissure (see sulcus, central)

Stereoscopic angiograms 4, 202, 205, 207 Stereoscopy in stereotactic angiography 206-207 Stereotactic cortical localization - direct, interest of 2 - indirect 2,17-19,24-26 stereotactic frame 22,60--61,241,245 Stereotactic neuroanatomy: reconstruction of sulci

and gyri from oriented sections (see also, dis­section, stereotactic) 17-18, 20-21

Stereotactic projections in neuroradiology 18, 22, 205-207

Stereotactic surgical methods in humans applied to cortical structures 2

Sulcal vascular laminae (for individual sulci, see corresponding sulcus in Chap. IV) 7, 82-83, 84-85, 241-242 in angiography 202-204, 208-235 embryonic formation of 6, 82, 84-85

Sulci and cytoarchitectonic fields 29-30, 38, 175 deep surfaces 8-9 embryologic development 28-30, 33-35 infolded cortex in 8-9 nomenclature (see also Nomenclature, pp.261-262)

according to EBERSTALLER 36 - according to v. ECONOMO 36-37 - orientation, general 28, 30-31, 32-55, 63 pathologic changes - attraction toward atrophic areas 203, 234-235 - mass effect of tumors 203, 226-233 projection area (see Projection area of sulci)

Sulci, identification in normal angiograms 202-204, 208-225

Sulci (regions) of Anterior interhemispheric surface and fron­tal convexity 86-87, 88-99 of Central region 126-127, 128-161

of Temporo-parieto-occipital convexity 162-163, 164-172 in Territory of posterior cerebral artery 174-177,178-200

Sulcus, calcarine 30,91, 175, 177, 178-180, 182-190, 192-199, 222, 232-233, 243, 246-247, 255, 257

Sulcus, central 66, 72-73, 126, 136-146, 155-161, 212-213, 218, 221-224, 226-229, 245-248, 251, 253-254, 257-258 embryonic formation of vascular pattern 6 vascular lamina 9-10 vascular lamina in an angiogram 10

Sulcus, cingulate (Sulcus, callosomarginal) 5, 86, 88, 91-93, 95-96, 98-99,210-211,222,226-227, 246-250, 253

Sulcus, collateral 175, 177, 181, 184-191, 193-199, 222-224, 232-233, 246-249, 251, 253

Sulcus of the corpus callosum 86, 88, 175-176, 210-211,246-247

Sulcus, hippocampal 174, 176, 178-179, 183 Sulcus, inferior frontal 64,87,90,92-97,210-211,

217, 221, 223, 246, 250 Sulcus, inferior temporal 162,175,177,181,

183-189, 193-199, 222, 224, 248-249 Sulcus, intermediate frontal 30, 93-95, 248-249,

254 Sulcus, intermediate parietal of JENSEN 163,

212-213

Sulcus, intraparietal 66, 148-149, 152-153, 156-157, 162-163,164,166-172,192,212-213, 223-224

Sulcus, lateral (Sylvian fissure) (see also Insula) 64,67--69, 100-101, 102-125, 162-163, 166-172, 216, 219, 223, 242-243, 245-249, 255, 257, 259

Sulcus, marginal of insula (see also Insula) 67, 76-77, 100-101, 102-103,216,242,246-251, 255, 257

Sulcus, marginal ramus of cingulate 86, 88, 91-92,95-96,98-99, 126, 139, 148, 150-152, 210-211,222,243,246-247,254

Sulcus, middle frontal 30, 98-99 Sulcus, middle temporal 162,212-214,219,221,

223, 248-249, 251 Sulcus, paracentral 95, 128, 130,242-243 Sulcus, parietooccipital 91, 175, 177,178-180,

184-192, 194-199, 222, 224, 232-233, 242-243, 246-247, 252, 255, 257

Sulcus, pericallsoal (see Sulcus of the corpus cal­losum)

Sulcus, postcentral 66, 72-73,94, 126, 147-161, 167-168, 170-171, 212-213, 218, 223-224, 242-243, 246-249, 253, 256

Sulcus, precentral 64-66, 70-71, 92, 94, 126, 127-135,155-161,210-211,217,221,223-224, 226--229, 242-243, 246-250, 256, 259 embryonic formation of vascular pattern 6

Sulcus, rhinal 175, 177, 181, 196-197, 222

Sulcus, subparietal (see also Interhemispheric sur­face) 91,246

Sulcus, superior frontal 86, 89, 92-96, 210-211, 221, 224, 226-227, 248-250, 254

Sulcus, superior temporal 69, 115, 162-163, 165, 168-172, 214-219, 221, 223, 248-249, 251, 257

Sulcus, transverse orbital 90, 93 Sulcus, transverse temporal 69, 101, 105, 114-115,

170-171, 223, 246-247 Surface patterns (see Cortical surface patterns) Sylvian fissure (see Sulcus, lateral) Sylvian triangle (SCHLESINGER) (see also Sulcus, la­

teral) 4

Template - of RING and WADDINGTON 4 - of SALAMON et aL 4 Three-dimensional angiography (see Angiography) Three-dimensional interpretation of cortical sur-

face patterns 7 Tunica vascularis formed by pial vessels 7

Vascular landmarks (see also Cortical vascular pat­tern; Sulcal vascular laminae) 4

Vascular laminae of sulci (see Sulcal vascular lami­nae)

Veins, in identification of sulci in angiograms 82, 85, 126,135, 146, 203

Vein, great cerebral of Galenus 86

273

Advances in Cerebral Angiography Anatomy - Stereotaxy - Embolization - Computerized Axial Tomography. INSERM-Symposium, Marseilles, May 13-16, 1975 Editor: G. Salamon 222 figures. XVI, 375 pages. 1975 ISBN 3-540-07569-0

Cerebral Angiomas Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy Editors: H. W Pia, 1. R W Gleave, E. Grote, 1. Zierski 161 figures. VIII, 285 pages. 1975 ISBN 3-540-07073-7

H. M. Duvernoy

Human Brainstem Vessels Preface by R Warwick. Illustrations by 1. L. Vannson 108 figures, 2 folding-plates. Approximately 195 pages. 1977 ISBN 3-540-08336-7

H. M. Duvernoy

The Superfical Veins of the Human Brain Veins of the Brain Stem and of the Base of the Brain 71 figures (138 separate illustrations). VI, 110 pages. 1975 ISBN 3-540-06876-7

Dynamics of Brain Edema Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Dynamic Aspects of Cerebral Edema, Montreal, Canada, June 25-29, 1976 Editors: H. M. Pappius, W. Feindel 83 figures, 81 tables. XIII, 404 pages. 1977 ISBN 3-540-08009-0

T. Nomura

Atlas of Cerebral Angiography 24 figures, 1 colorplate, 212 plates, 6 angiograms. XI, 322 pages. 1970 Published by Igaku Shoin Ltd. Tokyo Distribution rights for all countries excluding Far East: Springer-Verlag ISBN 3-540-05222-4

Radiological Exploration of the Ventricles and Subarachnoid Space By G. Ruggiero, 1. Bories, A Calabro, G. Cristi, G. Scialfa, F. Smaltino, A Thibaut with cooperation of G. Gianasi, G. Maranghi, C. Philippart, E. Signorini 90 partly colored figures (279 separate illustrations). XIV, 152 pages. 1974 ISBN 3-540-06572-5

G. Salamon, Y. P. Huang

Radiologic Anatomy of the Brain In cooperation with numerous experts 282 figures in 463 separate illustrations. XIII, 404 pages. 1976 ISBN 3-540-07528-3

A Wackenheim

Roentgen Diagnosis of the Craniovertebral Region 500 figures. XXII, 601 pages. 1974 ISBN 3-540-06615-2

A Wackenheim, 1. P. Braun

Angiography of the Mesencephalon Normal and Pathological Findings 128 figures. XI, 154 pages. 1970 ISBN 3-540-05266-6

S. Wende, E. Zieler, N. Nakayama

Cerebral Magnification Angiography Physical Basis and Clinical Results With the collaboration ofK Schindler 141 figures. VII, 150 pages. 1974 ISBN 3-540-06651-9

K 1. Zillch

Atlas of Gross Neurosurgical Pathology 379 figures. V, 228 pages. 1975 ISBN 3-540-06480-X

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Experimental Brain Research

Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

Editorial Board: 1. Altman, West Lavayette, IN; O. Creutzfeldt, G6ttingen; D. R Curtis, Canberra; L. Garay, Lausanne; R lung, Freiburg i. Br.; D. M. Mac Kay, Keele; D. Ottoson, Stockholm; D. Ploog, Munich; G. Raisman, London; V. P. Whittaker, G6ttingen; V. 1. Wilson, New York, NY

Research on the central nervous system has developed during the last 20 years into a broad interdisciplinary field. This journal covers the whole field of experimental brain research and thus reflects the variety of interests represented by the International Brain Research Organization (BRO) and what is called nowadays Neuro­biology of the brain.

Fields of Interest: Neurophysiology, Sensory Physiology, Neuroanatomy, Neuro­pharmacology, Neuropathology, Neurochemistry, Cellular Biology, Developmental Neurobiology, Neuropsychology and the Behavioral Sciences.

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