9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 1All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005Do not delete this graphic elements in here:All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005ed19700 WiMAX W4 End-to-End Architecture9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 2All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 2Blank PageThis page is left blank intentionallyFirst edition Ikram ANDONIAN 2009-02-16 01Remarks Author Date EditionDocument History9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 3All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 3Module ObjectivesUpon completion of this module, you should be able to: Describe the E2E architecture of any WiMAX Network and its different components List the different interfaces and distinguish between the legacy and compliant one and the difference between them Explain the E2E scenarios for all the services provided by the WiMAX network Identify the QOS mechanisms used in the air interface and the Ip transport network Identify the Security algorithms used in the whole network. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 4All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 4Module Objectives [cont.]This page is left blank intentionally9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 5All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 5Table of ContentsSwitch to notes view!Page1 IEEE802.16e Vs The WiMAX FORUM 81.1 IEEE802.16 Standards 91.2 WiMAX Forum Specifications 102 Network Reference Model 112.1 WiMAX Forums Network Reference Model 122.2 ASN (Access Service Network) 132.3 CSN & ASP 142.5 Alcatel-Lucent Reference Model 152.5.1 Alcatel-Lucents Template Exemple 163 E2E Services Over WiMAX Access 173.1 Reference Model for E2E Services Over Wimax Access 183.1.1 Direct IP Access193.1.2 E2E Voice Over IP services 203.1.3 E2E Video Over IP services (MiTv) 213.1.4 E2E Corporate VPN Services 223.1.5 RAN Sharing 243.1.5.1 Service Level Agreement 253.2 Direct Internet Access, VoIP, Live TV and VLAN services 264 Alcatel-Lucent Solution Network Elements 274.1 Alcatel-Lucent NAS Network Elements 284.1.1 WiMAX Base Station (WBS) 294.1.2 WiMAX Access Controller (WAC) 314.1.3 9753 OMC-WR 334.1.4 9759 NPO 344.1.5 9755 RNP 354.1.6 5580 HNM 364.1.7 Backhauling Solution 374.1.7.1 Wireless Solutions 384.1.7.2 Wired Solution 394.1.7.3 Example (DSL Backhauling) 404.1.8 Aggregation Solutions 414.2 Alcatel-Lucent Core Network Elements 425 QoS Management in WiMAX RAN 435.1 QoS in Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX E2E solution 445.1.1 QoS in The Air Interface 465.1.1.1 Service Flows 475.1.1.1 Classifiers 485.1.1.2 ARQ/ H-ARQ Mechanisms 495.1.2 QoS In the IP Transport Interface 505.1.2.1 DCSP Values 515.2 User Profile 525.2.1 Packet-Flow-Descriptor Attribute 535.2.1.1 Packet Data Flow ID 545.2.2 QoS-Descriptor Attribute 555.2.5 QoS Authorization Reference Model 565.2.3 Authorization & Preprovisioned SF 575.2.4 Provisioned SF Creation 585.3 Lease Line 595.3.1 Lease Line Principles 605.3.1.1 Leased Line Profile Example 615.4 Support of VLAN (Tagged Frames) 626 Protocoles & Interfaces in WiMAX Alcatel-Lucent Network 636.1 Network Elements Interconnection 646.2 Air Interface (R1) 656.2.1 PHY Layer 669700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 6All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 6Table of Contents [cont.]Switch to notes view!Page6.2.2 MAC Layer 676.3 Interface R6 (BS-WAC)686.3.1 BS-WAC IP Addressing 696.3.2 User Plane (BS-WAC) 706.3.3 Control Plane (BS-WAC) 716.3.4 BS-WAC Load balancing726.3.5 Control Plane (BS-WAC Load balancing ) 736.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network) 746.4.1 External HA: Enhanced Legacy vs R3 Compliance 766.4.1 R3 With AAA (RADIUS) 776.4.1.1 Authentication, Authorization & Accounting 786.4.1.2 Radius Paket Format 796.4.2 R3 With External Home Agent (Mobile IP) 816.4.2.1 MiP Principle 826.4.2.2 MiP Registration & Deregistration846.4.3 R3 with DHCP 866.4.4 DHCP Packet Format 876.4.3.1 DHCP Relay & DHCP Proxy 886.4.4 R3 With SBC (Gq Interface) 896.4.4.1 Diameter Protocol: QoS Management 906.5 Interface R4 (WAC-WAC interface) 927 Initial Network Entry and IP Service Establishment. 937.1 Initial Network Entry (Mobile User) 947.1.1 ASN Connection Setup 957.1.2 Access Authentication and Authorization 967.1.3 IP @ Assignment & Initial Service Establishment 977.1.3.1 DHCP (Relay Case) 997.1.3.2 DHCP (Proxy Case) 1007.1.5 Accounting1018 End to End Scenarios 1028.1 Network Entry & Initialization 1038.2 Discover: Sip Registration 1048.3 Discover: VoIP call 1058.4 Discover: VoIP Call Release & QoS 1068.5 Video Streaming Session Setup (Service Discovery) 1078.5 Video Streaming Session Setup: First Part 1088.5 Video Streaming Session Setup: QoS and Second Part 1099 Mobility 1109.1 A Multi-layer IP Mobility Solution 1119.1.1 The Proxy Mobile IP Approach 1129.2 Intra WAC Hand Over 1139.3 MiP Operation 1149.3.1 Inter WAC Hand Over with External HA1159.4 Idle Mode & Paging1179.4.2 Idle Mode Principle In BS Load Balancing11910 End To End Security Architecture 12010.1 WiMAX Security Methods 12110.2 WiMAX Security Protocol Stack 12210.3 WiMAX Standard Security Sublayers 12310.4 EAP-TTLS & X.509 Certificate 12410.5 Security Mechanisms & Protocols : CHAP 1259700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 7All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 7Table of Contents [cont.]Switch to notes view!Page10.6 Two Phases Of EAP-TTLS Protocol12610.6.1 Identity Exchange Phase 12710.6.2 Hello Exchange Phase 12810.6.3Finished Exchange Phase 12910.6.4 Chap Authentication Phase 13010.7 Authentication Successful 13110.8 EAP SIM/AKAMethods 13210.9 Key Materials 13310.10 Key Materials Distribution 13410.10 OMC and NE Access Security 13611 Accounting And Charging Scenarios 13711.1 Accounting & Charging Scenarios 13811.2 Online Subscription & PrePaid Architectural Model 13911.2.1 Web-Portal/Provisioning Server14011.2.2 Pre-paid Architectural Model14111.2.3 ALU Pre-paid Architecture 14211.2.4 Hotlining Architectural Model14311.2.5 Online Subscription Architectural Model14411.2.6 Pre-Provisioning Phase 14511.2.7 Subscription Phase 14611.3 Post-paid Architectural Model15011.3.1 Post-Paid Messages 15111.3.2 Off Line Accounting Procedure_HSI 1529700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 8All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 81 IEEE802.16e Vs The WiMAX FORUM9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 9All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 91 WMAN Brief Backgrounder1.1 IEEE802.16 Standards IEEE Standardisation:IEEE 802 : the LAN/MAN Standards Committee 6 Working Groups: IEEE 802.11: WLAN Local IEEE 802.15: WPAN Personal IEEE 802.16: WMAN MetropolitanIPtransportIPtransportService Specific ConvergenceSublayer (CS)Service Specific ConvergenceSublayer (CS)MAC Common Part Sublayer(MAC CPS)MAC Common Part Sublayer(MAC CPS)Privacy sublayerPrivacy sublayerPhysical Layer (PHY)Physical Layer (PHY)MACIEEE 802.16 protocol layering802.16e-2005: IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and MobileBroadband Wireless Access Systems - Physical and Medium Access Control Layers for Combined Fixedand Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands-IEEE Computer Society Document This Amendment updates and expands IEEE Standard 802.16 to allow mobility for mobile subscriberstations.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 10All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 101 WMAN Brief Backgrounder1.2 WiMAX Forum Specifications WiMAX Forum Develops a certification program for multi-vendor interoperability Definition of system profiles (lists of features and characteristics) Elaboration of certification tests Definition of the certification process Scheduling of vendors certification Selection and approval of certification labs Delivery of certificate WiMAX Forum defines an end-to-end architecture Fill the gap with 802.16e Definition of end-to-end IP network architecture supporting fixed, portable and mobile users Definition of test procedures to ensure end to end multi-vendor interoperabilityContent / Ecosystem(28%)Service Providers(32%)System Vendors(23%)Component Suppliers(17%)WiMAX Forum 434 Members Representation in 57 Countries 28 WiMAX Forum Certified ProductsThere are several standards belonging to the WiMAX family. Some of these standards relating to End-to-End architecture are outlined below:1- Recommendations and Requirements for Networks based on WiMAX Forum CertifiedTM Products Release 1.2.2 --- Stage 12- WiMAX End-to-End Network Systems Architecture - (Stage 2: Architecture Tenets, Reference Model and Reference Points)3- WiMAX End-to-End Network Systems Architecture (Stage 3: Detailed Protocols and Procedures)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 11All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 112 Network Reference Model9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 12All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 122 Network Reference Model2.1 WiMAX Forums Network Reference ModelThe network Reference Model identifies functional entities and referencepoints over Which interoperability may be achieved.It should be noted that in the current Alcatel-lucent Release: Interface R8 is not supported Interface R3 is now compliant with the WiMAX Forum recommendations. This release supportstwo R3 modes: R3 legacy mode and R3 compliant mode. Interface R4 is now compliant with the WiMAX Forum recommendations. Interface R6 remains not compliant with WiMAX Forum recommendations.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 13All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 13ASN is defined as a complete set of network functions to provide radio access to a WiMAX subscriber it is called RAN (Radio Access Network) in Alcatel-Lucent Solution : Layer 3 connectivity with MSS Transfer of AAA control messages. Network discovery and selectionof an appropriate NSP Relay functionality for IPaddress allocation) Radio Resource Management ASN-CSN tunnelingIn addition to the above mandatory features, an ASN may support: Intra-ASN mobility & Paging and Location Management2 Network Reference Model2.2 ASN (Access Service Network)ASN comprises network elements such as Base Station, ASN-GW9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 14All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 142 Network Reference Model2.3 CSN & ASPCSN (Connectivity Service Network) is defined as a set of network functionsthat provide IP connectivity services to the WiMAX subscriber, it provides: MSS IP address allocation for a user session Internet access AAA Proxy or Server Policy and Admission Control based on user subscription profiles ASN-CSN tunneling support Subscriber billing and Inter-operator settlement Inter-ASN mobility WiMAX services (Multimedia, Broadcast/Multicast, Services, IMS Services, Law Enforcement Services, etc)ASP (Application Service Provider) is a 3rd-party business entity that providesapplications or services via Visited-NSP or Home-NSP.CSN comprises networks elements such as routers, AAA proxy/server, user databases, Interworking GWdevices.ASP is a 3rd-party business entity that provides applications or services via Visited-NSP or Home-NSP.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 15All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 152 Network Reference Model2.5 Alcatel-Lucent Reference ModelAlcatel-Lucent reference model as illustrated in the Figure below is in line with the WiMAX Forumreference./ RAN/ RANMSS: Mobile Subscriber StationASN: Access Services Network Equivalent to WiMAX ASNNAP: Network Access Provider (ASN Operator)CSN: Connectivity Services NetworkNSP: Network Service Provided (CSN Operator)ASP: Application Service Provider9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 16All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 162.5 Alcatel-Lucent reference model2.5.1 Alcatel-Lucents Template ExempleWiMAX CNWiMAX RANAAADHCP MSSWAC1OMC-R ServerOMC-RClientNGN - IMSSBCTELECOMMSSCN TelecomHAH4BS1BS2WAC2WAC39700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 17All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 173 E2E Services Over WiMAX Access9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 18All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 183 E2E Services Over WiMAX Access3.1 Reference Model for E2E Services Over Wimax AccessThis section gives an Overview of the E2E architecture. It applies for several types of E2E network depending of the involved players. It focuses on the E2E architecture in compliance with the following requirements: Direct access to the IP network (Direct IP Access) E2E Voice Over IP services based on IMS/NGN network Access to Live TV and VoD based on IMS/NGN network End-to-End VLAN services NAP sharing. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 19All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 193.1 Reference Model for E2E Services Over Wimax Access3.1.1 Direct IP Access 9740 WACFirewallDNS/DHCPLinux/Dell 1950 9753OMC-RAAAHome AgentCiscoWiMAXEthernetInternetData PlaneControlPlane 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 20All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 203.1 Reference Model for E2E Services Over Wimax Access3.1.2 E2E Voice Over IP servicesBSAAA/HSSDHCPInternet/ISPSBCHome AgentMGC MGLSMWiMAX RAN &COREBillingWACSIPSIPRTP/IPRTP/IPIPGq/DIAMETERRADIUSDIAMETERDHCPPLMN & PSTN Data PlaneControlPlane The following NEs are part of the IMS solution: A SBC (Session Border Controller): please refer to previous section A S-CSCF (Serving - Call Session Control Function) A HSS (Home Subscriber Server) A MRF (Media Resource Function) to send tones and announcements A MGCF (Media Gateway Control Function) A MGW (Media GateWay) Nodes for ensuring IMS charging (Prepaid and Postpaid) O&M nodes A node in charge of the Legal Interceptions.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 21All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 213.1 Reference Model for E2E Services Over Wimax Access3.1.3 E2E Video Over IP services (MiTv)BSDHCPInternet /ISPSBCHome AgentWiMAX RAN & COREWACRTP/IPIPGq/DIAMETERRADIUSDHCPAAAMob. TV engine8670Mob. TV Studio 5942Mob. TV streaming serverMobile Interactive TVRTP/IPHTTPData PlaneControlPlane The Alcatel-Lucent complete solution includes the following logical components: MiTV application server EncoderStreaming Server Content Management System Video mixer (used with RichMedia client WAP interface Service Node MiTV ClientFor more details please refer to Annex number9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 22All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 223.1 Reference Model for E2E Services Over Wimax Access3.1.4 E2E Corporate VPN Services Transparent connection of customer site to service provider network at layer 2 via WiMAX RAN Ethernet frames transparently transported through WiMAX RAN QoS on air interface & WiMAX RAN (per VLAN QoS)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 23All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 233.1 Reference Model for E2E Services Over Wimax Access3.1.4 E2E Corporate VPN Services [cont.]The architecture can allow WiMAX customers to access the IP/MPLS service providers leveragingdifferent VPN services and other IP-based services empowered by the 7x50 PE. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 24All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 243.1 Reference Model for E2E Services Over Wimax Access3.1.5 RAN SharingThe following figure presents the end-to-end architecture for the NAP sharing:NSP 1NSP 1NSP 2NSP 2NSP nNSP nERMSs MSs MSs MSs MSs MSsNAP WiMAXnetwork802.1q transport network transport802.1q transport network transportER ERGRE tunnel(one per SF)DHCPDNSAAASBC/FW/NATDHCPDNSAAASBC/FW/NATDHCPDNSAAASBC/FW/NATBS BS BS BS BSWAC cluster pBStransport networktransport networkWAC cluster 1ERERERW3 situation: Only fixed NSPs. No mobility for RAN sharing, only in HA less configuration. MS IP@ overlap between NSPs not supported Blind network entry No roamingW4 Improvement: MS IP@ overlap between NSPs supported Network Discovery and Selection (defined by NWG and 802.16g) supported Roaming supported (W4.2)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 25All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 253.1.5 RAN Sharing3.1.5.1 Service Level AgreementCPEI SP 1CSN 1CSN xCPEI SP xASNNAP NSP SubscriberSLASLACPEI SP 1CSN 1CSN xCPEI SP xASNNAP NSP SubscriberSLASLAService Level Agreement between the User and its NSPService Level Agreement Between the NSP and the NAP9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 26All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 263 E2E Services Over WiMAX Access3.2 Direct Internet Access, VoIP, Live TV and VLAN servicesLeased linesBroadband Services Routing7750SR7750SRServiceRoutingBroadband AggregationWACWACHAServicesNetworkIMS/ NGN NetworksInternetPSTNVoDContentVideo Head-EndEncodersPTP MicrowaveGig-E RingorOptical Multi-Service NodeOMSNOMSN7450ESS 7450ESS WiMAX Access& Mobility ControlBackhaulEth.Eth.Eth.Eth.EthernetFiberCopperEth.AccessThe WAC through the feature HA is connected to: A SBC for real time traffic as VoIP and Live TV A Firewall for Direct IP services A BSR (Broadband Service Router) for End-to-end Ethernet services. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 27All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 274 Alcatel-Lucent Solution Network Elements9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 28All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 284 Alcatel-Lucent Solution Network Elements4.1 Alcatel-Lucent NAS Network ElementsThe WiMAX Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX ASN Network consists of an integrated network providing standardized interfaces towards IP Packet Data Networks an comprises: BS (Base Station): A WiMAX Base Station provides wireless Internet access to SubscriberStations (MSS), which are compliant with (WiMAX) standard IEEE 802.16e. WAC (WiMAX Access Controller): The WAC provides the connectivity for the MSS withthe rest of the network (Internet, Core Network, Corporate Network, etc..). OMC-R: it performs network surveillance, configuration and management. RNP: it performs Radio Network Planning/optimization. NPO: it performs network quality of service monitoring and radio Network optimizationfor the WiMAX Access Network. HMN (Home Network Manager): it performs device management Backhauling solutions: wireless or wired solutions. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 29All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 294.1 Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.1 WiMAX Base Station (WBS)C-WBS, L-WBS and L2- WBSAll-in-oneHigh Capacity Single Carrier with 4TX/RXUrban Roof TopRemote radio system 4 x 35 dBm output power AC and DC Power Supply 35 lC-WBSCompactBase Station for WiMAXAll-in-oneSmall form factorSingle Carrier with 2TX/RXL-WBSLightweightBase Station for WiMAXHot Zones - Tower MountedRemote radio system 2 x 35 dBm output power DC Power Supply 24 l All-in-one Reduced weight versus L-WBSMulti-Carrier with 2TX/RXL2-WBSLightweight-2Base Station for WiMAXHot Zones - Tower Mounted High power (2 x 38 dBm) 4TX/4RX with two L2-WBS DC Power Supply 12.5 lThe Alcatel-Lucent solutions are the following:COMPACT WIMAX BASE STATION (C-WBS) This Base Station includes integrated 4 TX/RX chains for maximizing radio performances through Beam Forming(BF) radio algorithms. The C-WBS with BF provides significant coverage and capacity gains, strongly reduces interference and optimizes the spectrum usage.LIGHT WIMAX BASE STATION (L-WBS) This Base Station is equipped with 2 TX/RX chains. The L-WBS, due to its small size and weight, can be installedwith fewest site constraints on walls, poles and towers. It is optimized for MIMO algorithms, providingadditional increase in capacity and/or coverage versus a single antenna system.LIGHTWEIGHT 2 WiMAX BASE STATION (L2-WBS) L2-WBS evolves the Lightweight WiMAX Base Station product range: Reduced weight,Multi-carrier capabilities,Higher output power: 38 dBm (6W), 20 MHz bandwidth support, Support AAS feature with twoL2-WBS units, 2 radio chains per L2-WBS unit,Single sector, 20 MHz support, Multi-carrier capable, MiMo & BF support.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 30All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 304.1 Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.1 WiMAX Base Station (WBS) [cont.]Distributed WiMAX BSD-WBSDistributedBS Solutions for WiMAXD-WBS for central site functionsL- and C-WBS for remote unitCentral Cabinet OptionDC and Ethernet/Fiber supplyC-WBS and L-WBS ConnectionsTransmission & BBU OptionsCentral O&M Site AccessDISTRIBUTED WIMAX BASE STATION (D-WBS) The D-WBS consists of an outdoor site support cabinet, hosting power supply, battery backup, optional backhaultransmission equipment and WBS O&M access functions, in a multi-sector configuration, backup batteries for backup times up to 8 hours. The L-WBS or C-WBS can be remotely installed from the D-WBS Central cabinet with either Electrical Ethernet (integrated in Power Supply) or Optical Ethernetconnections.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 31All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 314.1 IOT with Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.2 WiMAX Access Controller (WAC)The WAC cluster is composed of a switch stack and a set of WAC units in a rack. (The number of switches and WAC units -Dell1950 servers- depends on the Configuration). SWITCH 1 WAC Unit 2 WAC Unit 1 SWITCH 2 SWITCH 3 WAC Unit N+P WAC Unit 3 Depending on the configuration: The switch stack is composed of one, two or three switches. The WAC unit stack is composed of one up to 10 active WAC units + two spare WAC units.WAC (WiMAX Access Controller): The WAC as central equipment in the ASN provides or participates to the realization of thefollowing features: Subscriber Station authentication and authorization at initial network entry. MSS IP connectivity establishment by implementing of a DHCP Relay function and a DHCP Proxy function. MSS context release procedures MIP Foreign Agent and PMIP client or Embedded Home Agent Intra-WAC handover &Inter-WAC handover: MSS idle context management & Paging controller9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 32All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 324.1 IOT with Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.2 WiMAX Access Controller (WAC) [cont.]Configuration 10 Configuration 6 Configuration 4 Configuration 2WAC Server 12WAC Server 11WAC Server 10WAC Server9WAC Server8WAC Server7WAC Server6WAC Server5WAC Server4WAC Server3WAC Server2WAC Switch 3WAC Switch 2WAC Switch 1OmniSwitch6850- 24XUSBCONS OLE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24CLA S S 1 LAS E RP RODUCT 2 1 22 2 3 24 X1 X2OK PRI PWR BPSX2X1CLA S S 1 LAS E RP RODUCTWAC Server 1Power DistributionWAC Server7WAC Server6WAC Server5WAC Server4WAC Server3WAC Server2WAC Switch 3WAC Switch 2WAC Switch 1OmniSwitch 6850- 24XUSBCONSOLE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24CLA SS 1LA S ERPRODUCT 2 1 22 2 3 24 X1 X2OK PRI PWR BPSX2X1CL AS S1 LA SE R P RODUCTWAC Server 1Power DistributionWAC Server5WAC Server4WAC Server3WAC Server2WAC Switch 2WAC Switch 1OmniSwi tch 6850- 24XUSBCONS OLE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24CLAS S1 LA SE R P RODUCT 2 1 22 2 3 24 X1 X2OK PRI PWR BPSX2X1CLA S S 1 LAS E RP RODUCTWAC Server 1Power DistributionWAC Server3WAC Server2WAC Switch 2WAC Switch 1Omni Swit ch 6850- 24XUSBCONS OLE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24CLA S S 1 LA SE RP RODUCT 21 22 23 24 X1 X2OK PRI PWRBPSX2X1CLA SS 1LA S ERPRODUCTWAC Server 1Power DistributionWAC Switch 1OmniSwitch 6850- 24XUSBCONS OLE1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24CL AS S 1 LA SE RP RODUCT 2 1 22 2 3 24 X1 X2OK PRI PWRBPSX2X1CLA S S 1 LA SE R P RODUCTWAC Server 1Power DistributionConfiguration 1High Availability Configurations9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 33All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 33The OMC-R provides, using the Element Manager (NEM) and Network Management functional blocks (integrated in a single GUI), operations and maintenance services with full WiMAX RAN scope : Physical and logical resource supervision Software management application Hardware and software inventory Radio Network configuration Performance Monitoring and QoS analysis4.1 IOT with Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.3 9753 OMC-WRWACBSSNMPInterfaceBS NEM WAC NEMOMC-RWiMAXLMTLMTOMC-R: it performs network surveillance, quality of service monitoring and radio networkplanning/optimization for the WiMAX Access Network. It provides a complete set of advancedmanagement features: Easy interface with Radio Network Planning (RNP) application for trouble-freeimplementation of the network during deployment and densification. Network plug and play functions Provisioning and template-based radio configuration Highly intuitive man-machine interface Full set of QoS indicators and predefined or customized QoS reports give full networkperformance visibility, RNO (Radio Network Optimizer) Scalable capacity, up to 2000 cells,It hosts a NTP server, a DNS server and a DHCP server9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 34All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 344.1 IOT with Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.4 9759 NPONPOOMCNetwork Elements Measurements are permanently collected on nodes, covering: Call Control Management Registration procedures SS attachements Sessions setup Handover procedures and execution times Authentication events IP packet statistics User plane statistics QoS measurements Radio measurements Traffic load Radio traces PMWACBSPMTemporary storage and QoS alerter processingConsolidation, QoSAnalysis and long term storageNorthboundReporting period can be configured to60, 30 or 159700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 35All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 354.1 IOT with Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.5 9755 RNPA9155 is Open to Seamlessly Integrate in Customers Environment: Easy Data Model Adaptation Adding New Parameters to any Data Table Full Availability of Customized Parameters for Filter, Display, Export/Import, Prediction Module and AFP Module APIAccess to all Input Parameters (Compatibility Information, Network Data, Path Loss Matrices, Control Parameters, )Seamless Integration of Model Parameters General APIAccess to All Data TablesAll Major Functionality Accessible Inside MacrosSupport of Automation of Repeating Tasks9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 36All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 364.1 IOT with Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.6 5580 HNMThe HNM 5580 is an Alcatel-Lucent ACS (Auto Configuration Server) for performing the management activities for DSL (Digital Subscribe Line) CPE management which supports TR-069 Standard.The WiMAX CPE obeys IEEE 802.16 and WiMAX forum standards. It shall support TR-069 standard for remote CPE management to interwork with HNM 5580.The WiMAX CPE follows the procedures of IEEE 802.16 (Channel Synchronization, Initial Ranging, BasicCapabilities Negotiation, AAA Procedures, PKM Key Exchange and Registration Procedure) for entering intothe network. After BS registration (Reg-req, Reg-rsp) the CPE performs DHCP (Dynamic Host ControlProtocol) procedures [Ref. 2.4]. During the DHCP procedure the CPE obtains the URL of HNM 5580 in theDHCP offer message included in DHCP option 43 and the CPE uses DNS (Domain Name Server) toresolve the IP address of the HNM 5580 server.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 37All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 374.1 IOT with Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.7 Backhauling SolutionWimax system solutions includes radio sites backhauling options for different kind of physical support: wireless, copper or optical solutions. The backhauling on the RAN is full IP>> It can be on a level 2 network.Star Topology Chain TopologyWiMAX-WACWiMAXWiMAX-WACMicrowaveMetroMicrowaveMetroMicrowavebackhaulingMicrowavebackhauling9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 38All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 384.1.7 Backhauling Solution4.1.7.1 Wireless SolutionsIn the Alcatel portfolio two products can be used for microwave backhauling: A9400 AWY and A9600 USY.WAC9400 AWY10/100BaseTSTM110/100 BaseT7 GHz up to 38 GHz6 GHz up to 38 GHz9600 USYA9400 AWY (7 to 38 GHz):On the air bitrate:>> Up to 64MbpsAvailable interfaces:>> 2 x 10/100 BaseT Ethernet interfaces. >> From 2xE1 up to 16xE1 interfaces>> Any mix of traffic is possible. A9600 USY (6 to 38 GHz)>> 1 x 1 Gb/s Ethernet>> Up to 3 x 100Base-T Ethernet on VC39700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 39All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 394.1.7 Backhauling Solution4.1.7.2 Wired SolutionThe Wired Backhaul solution can be on Twisted Copper Line or Optical Fibre Line. Copper solution: The Copper line has smaller capacity and allows a limited distance.1521 CL IP10/100 Base1521 CL IPEthernet switch, WiMAX Site AggregationNetworkUp to 8 twisted pairs Optical solution: There are two optical solutions: one SDH solution based on Alcatel SDH family products and a stand-alone solution based on the Alcatel 1521FL IP.1521 Subrack1521 FL IPEthernet, switch, Router, ADM1521 CL IPBSBSOptical fibreBSThe Alcatel 1521CL IP extends the reach of native Ethernet services to sites by using twisted copper pairs thanks to standards-based 2BASE-TL and SHDSL and G-SHDSL technology. Ethernet frames are fragmentedacross multiple copper pairs.Alcatel 1615BCE Alcatel 1615BCE Alcatel 1615BCE Alcatel 1615BCE is a solution for Ethernet extension of SDH network on copper line up to 4 pairs. It is managed by the Alcatel 1353SH 1353SH 1353SH 1353SH also used for all the OMSN OMSN OMSN OMSN Alcatel family. It can be an integrated solution when the SDH network is an Alcatel one. If the SDH network is not from Alcatel the stand-alone solution is well adapted.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 40All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 404.1.7 Backhauling Solution4.1.7.3 Example (DSL Backhauling)AAAserverOMC-RBSWIMAX RANWIMAX RAN WIMAX RANOutdoor CPEIndoor CPE SessionResourceBrokerSBCVoiceGatewayPSTNPSTN PSTNIPIP IPCORECORE COREINTERNET INTERNETADSL modemISAMBRASAWSADSLADSL ADSLANAN ANS-CSCFEthernetswitchHARouter withHA functionCan becommonWACPDFPEFPEFThis architecture provides Portability/Mobility WiMAX services in the ADSL Network Basics of the solution: Base Station connected to ISAM via electrical or optical Ethernet Base Station is connected on the existing Ethernet switch embedded in the ISAM VLAN tagging is done by per port by the ISAM Ethernet switch ISAM used as an Ethernet switch for BS to WAC link Level 2 ADSL aggregation network is used IP Convergence Sub-layer and DHCP model used Solution is valid for Fixed Wireless Access and also for Nomadicity/Mobility servicesAWS and OMC-R integration Unique subscriber management provided by AWS using OMC-R northbound interface AWS is the central point of supervision (alarms, logs,)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 41All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 414.1 IOT with Alcatel-Lucent NAS network Elements4.1.8 Aggregation Solutions The most commonly used products for aggregation are : 7710 / 7750 SR - Service router, used for Multi-Service Edge/Core 7450 ESS - Ethernet service switch, used for Metro Service Edge Aggregation An IPD product is used as aggregation switch for two wireless backhauling networks, the RAN corresponds to one VPLS. As this IPD product uses unqualified mode, any frames received on its 2 ports are part of the same VPLS, whatever the tag. A broadcast sent by a booting WBS in the first group of WBS is forwarded to the second group of WBS.Wireless backhaulingIPD productsMPLS network9500 MXCWTD productIn the WiMAx solution, IPD routers are used : As aggregation device on RAN (7750 SHT - Packet One) As interconnection device on CSN (7450 SHT - Packet One), to connect AAA, DHCP, HA. As Edge Router (SFR Wholesale solution) to route traffic to NSP networks. On backhauling networks, using MPLS technology.Sites and WAC clusters can be interconnected using : Layer 2 VPN With VLL,a point to point layer 2 Ethernet connection is defined between two endpoints With VPLS, multipoint to multipoint Ethernet connections are available (MPLS network is then seen as a Big switch ) Layer3-VPN (MPLS networks, rfc 2547)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 42All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 424 Alcatel-Lucent Solution Network Elements4.2 Alcatel-Lucent Core Network Elements Home Agent (Cisco 3845):Higher capacity may be envisaged if requiredIPD 77X0 support of HA function under assessment AAA server:HSS 1430 / SDM (Carrier/Applications/Subscriber Data Management)Vital AAA (Services/Professional Services/OSS-BSS Software Integration) DHCP ServerVital QIP (Enterprise/Enterprise Solution Group) E2E Voice service:WiMAX RAN ACME Pre-Paid server and On-line Subscription server8610 ICC (Carrier/Applications/Payment)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 43All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 435 QoS Management in WiMAX RAN9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 44All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 445 QoS Management & Admission Control in WIMAX RAN5.1 QoS in Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX E2E solutionOverview of the NE of the WiMAX RAN involved in QoS in the Alcatel-LucentWiMAX E2E solution.The RAN supports two types of traffic: With guaranteed resources. Without guaranteed resources.In this release multiple NSPs may supply their service through the same NAP. In this case mobility (fullmobility) is not supported (handover is not supported).When the NAP and NSP domains are separated domains, an Edge Router (ER) shall be present at theinterface between the NAP and each NSP to control the traffic according to the SLA each NSP has with theNAP. This ER may also have firewall functions.When the NAP and NSP domains are in the same administrative domain, there is no need to have an ER atthe interface between the NAP and each NSP. In this case the ER shall be at the interface between theNSPs and external content providers (ASP).9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 45All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 455 QoS Management & Admission Control in WIMAX RAN5.1 QoS in Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX E2E solution [cont.] Service-aware Architecture QoS initiated by the network for VoIP, VoD, sessions (through SBC) QoS treatment shared over SBC, WAC and BS QoS treatment results in a classification and prioritization of traffics at both: Air Interface : based on Classifiers and selection of the appropriate Service Flow IP Transport interface : based on DSCP tagging at layer 3 IP IEEE QoS ClassesService FlowsIP QoS Classes (DiffServ)BSIPWACSBCMSSIPIP Networks(QoS sensitive applications)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 46All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 465.1 QoS in Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX E2E solution5.1.1 QoS in The Air Interface Classification Process by which a packet is mapped on to a particular connection (CID) for transmission between MSS and BS SF associated to a CID. Classification mechanism = procedure used to select most appropriate SFFor a Service Flow, a classifier consists on: IP packet classifiers Reference to a CID ( Connection Id ) Mapping of a packets to a classifier priorityClassifiers operates at Convergence sub-layer (IP-CS):configured with classifiers which act as filters for classifyingpackets Classifiers parameters TOS/DSCP range Protocol Source port and source IP address Destination port and destination IP addressUGSBEnrtPSIP stackConvergence sub-layerBrowserSIP useragent?RTP ports, IP @HTTP ports, IP @9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 47All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 475.1.1 QoS in The Air Interface5.1.1.1 Service FlowsVideo streaming, leased lineMin reserved traffic rate, Max sustained traffic rate, Max jitter, Max latency,Unsolicited polling interval, priorityRT-VR(Real Time Variable Rate)Background communication (Mail, FTP etc)Max sustained traffic rate, Traffic priorityBE (Best Effort)Internet access with guaranteed BW (i.e. 512kbps Internet access), delay tolerant data streamsMin reserved traffic rate, Max sustained traffic rate, Traffic priorityNRT-VR (Non-Real Time Variable Rate)VoIP with silence suppression, gamming, leasedlineMin reserved traffic rate, Max sustained traffic rate, Max jitter, Max latency,Unsolicited grant interval, priorityERT-VR (Extended Real Time Variable Rate)VoIP without silence suppression, circuit emulation, leased lineTraffic rate, Tolerate jitter, Max latency,Unsolicited grant intervalUGS (Unsolicited Grant Service)Examples of application QoS parametersData delivery Services(Service flow types)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 48All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 485.1.1 QoS in The Air Interface5.1.1.1 ClassifiersA classifier for IP CS may include the following criteria: IP Type of Service/DSCP (one range of ToS/DSCP values may be included),IP maskedsource address, IP destination address, Protocol source port range, Protocol destination port rangeIP CS classifiers criteria for DL packetsIP CS classifiers criteria for UL packets9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 49All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 495.1.1 QoS in The Air Interface5.1.1.2 ARQ/ H-ARQ Mechanisms ARQ is one of the mechanisms that are used on the radio interface to satisfy the QoS requirementsof a service flow received in the user QoS profile. Defined in IEEE802.16e ARQ is a MAC layer mechanism between a MS and a BS that uses the retransmission of parts of MAC SDUs (ARQ blocks) being received erroneously to reduce the numberof errored SDUs or even to deliver error free SDUs. The H-ARQ mechanism is a combination between ARQ and FEC technique.ARQ STOP & WAIT H- ARQ 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 50All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 505.1 QoS in Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX E2E solution5.1.2 QoS In the IP Transport InterfaceDiffServ approach based on the following principles : Classify : packets are analysed Aggregate : Packets are put in the same queue when they should receive the same treatment A set of packet forwarding treatments (PHB) is created.(Different PHB: Default, Best Effort, AF (Assured Forwarding) : divided in 4 classes AF1 to AF4 & EF (Expedited Forwarding) Each packet is marked by writing its PHB in the DSCP field. Core routers rely only on DSCP to provide the different types of service. Classification, marking, policing/shaping, in edge routers. Queuing & scheduling per DSCP class in core/edge routers9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 51All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 515.1.2 QoS In the IP Transport Interface5.1.2.1 DCSP ValuesECN : Explicit CongestionNotificationDCSP: Differentiated Service Code Point01 234 56 7DS Field uses the same byte as TOS in the IPv4 header, but that byte is redefined to solve the limitations of TOS Definition.Exemple:Service type = Media flow type DSCP DSCPDecimalValueARQ ScheduleTypeVoIP EF (101110) 46 0 UGS orERT- VRStreaming live TV, Streaming VoD AF41 (100010) 34 0 RT- VR or ERT-VRRobust BrowserBE (000000)0 1 BELeased line - conversational EF (101110) 46 0 UGS or ERT - VRLeased line - streaming AF41 (100010) 34 0 RT - VRLeased line - non - real time AF31 (011010) 26 0 NRT - VR9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 52All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 525 QoS Management & Admission Control in WIMAX RAN5.2 User Profile User profile in W4 (new VSA in Radius message) Packet Flow Descriptor>> In Access Accept message>> Corresponds to the initial downlink and uplink service flows that are activated on the air interface at MS network entry time. QoS DescriptorThis attribute describes QoS parameters that are associated to a packet data flow>> One QoS descriptor per service flow TLV ID TLV NameLength Octets 1PacketDataFlowID 2+ 2 2ServiceDataFlowID2+ 2 4Direction2+ 1 5ActivationTrigger2+ 1 6TransportType2+ 1 7UplinkQosID2+ 1 8DownlinkQoSID2+ 1 9UplinkClassifier2+ Length 10DownlinkClassifier2+ Length TLV IDTLV NameLength Octets 1QoSID3 4Schedule Type3 5Traffic Priority3 6Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate6 7Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate6 9Tolerated Jitter6 10Maximum Latency6 12Media Flow Type3 13Unsolicited Grant Interval4 14SDU Size3 15Unsolicited Polling Interval4 The AAA server is able to provide users QoS profiles under the VSAs format as below:9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 53All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 535.2 User Profile5.2.1 Packet-Flow-Descriptor AttributeAt least a one Packet-Flow-Descriptor VSA describing a bi-directional packet data flow shall be included in the Access-Accept message: this packet data flow corresponds to the initial DL & UL service flows that are activated on the air interface at MS network entry time.This attribute describes a packet service flow that may be unidirectional or bi-directional. The following parameters (TLV) may be included in this attribute: PacketDataFlow-ID: This parameter identifies a packet data flow instance. ServiceDataFlow-ID: This parameter is used to group one or more packet data flows belonging to the same service instance (VoIP call, VoD call, ). Direction: The direction of the Packet Data Flow (uplink, downlink, or bi-directional). Activation Trigger: This parameter specifies the trigger to be used for the activation of the service flow. This attribute allows to distinguish pre-provisioned SFs from dynamic SFs. UplinkQoSID: The identifier of the QoS-Descriptor for the uplink direction or for bi-direction if the flow is bi-directional with symmetrical QoS. DownlinkQoSID: The identifier of the QoS-Descriptor for the downlink direction. Uplink/ DownlinkClassifier: The classifier to match for traffic flowing in the uplink/ downlinkdirection. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 54All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 545.2.1 Packet-Flow-Descriptor Attribute5.2.1.1 Packet Data Flow IDThree kinds of Service Flows are handled by the ALUs ASN, distinguished by means of the Packet-Data-Flow-ID (PDF-ID) retrieved from AAA server: Initial Service Flow (ISF): PDF-ID value is between 1 and 20. During Initial Network Entry this Service Flow is established just after the authentication without waitingfor the MS IP allocation procedure. Pre-Provisioned Service Flow: PDF-ID value is greater than 20 with the Activation Trigger identifyinga pre-provisioned SF. These Service Flows are established after the MS IP allocation procedure during the Initial Network Entry. Dynamic Service Flow: PDF-ID value is greater than 20 with the Activation Trigger identifying a Dynamic SF. Dynamic SFs retrieved from the AAA server are used for Authorization when a call setup or VoD request isreceived from the user through the SBC. Dynamic SFs are only established during call setup and are activated via Gq.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 55All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 555.2 User Profile5.2.2 QoS-Descriptor AttributeThis attribute describes over the air QoS parameters that are associated with a flow: QoSID: A unique ID for this QoS specification. Schedule Type: The parameter specifies the Uplink Granted Scheduling Type. Traffic Priority: The value of this parameter specifies the priority assigned to a service flow. Maximum Sustained Traffic Rate: This parameter defines the peak information rate of the service. Minimum Reserved Traffic Rate: Represents the minimum reserved traffic rate. Maximum Traffic Burst: Represents the maximum traffic burst. Tolerated Jitter Maximum Latency Media Flow Type: This parameter defines the service type. Unsolicited Grant Interval: The value of this parameter specifies the nominal interval betweensuccessive data grant opportunities for this service flow. Unsolicited Polling Interval: The value of this parameter specifies the maximal nominal interval between successive polling grants opportunities for this Service Flow.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 56All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 565.2 User Profile5.2.5 QoS Authorization Reference ModelIP transportPDFIP transportPEF ACSIP / RTSP ( SDP : Media information )Diameter(SF/QoSParameters)DiameterRelayRELAYP-CSCFPEF ACGq DiameterSBCWACBSMSS(SF/QoSParameters)MAC schedulerAAR/AAA Service InformationIP transportMAC schedulerIP transportR1 R6R4SIP ClientRTSP ClientACAC - Admission Control: the set of actions taken by a network during the call set-up phase or duringhandover in order to determine if the call should be accepted or rejected.PDF - Policy Decision Function: is a logical policy decision element that uses standard IP mechanisms toimplement policy in the IP media layer. The PDF makes decisions in regard to network based IP policyUsing policy rules, and communicates these decisions to the PEF.PEF - Policy Enforcement Function: a logical entity that enforces policydecisions made by the PDF.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 57All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 575.2 User Profile5.2.3 Authorization & Preprovisioned SF The QoS user profile is downloaded in the Packet-Flow-Descriptor and QoSDescriptor VSAs of the RADIUS Access Accept message by the WAC from AAA just after the successful authentication. The Pre-provisioned Service Flows are immediately created. Example:WACRadius clientServing BSAAA AAARadius Accept (, User Profile,)User User profile User authenticationCreation of pre-provisionned service at network entryExample:128 kbit/s minimum UL & DL512 kbits/s maximum UL & DLBased on User ProfileCreation of 2 NRT-VR connections [128 kbits/s min. UL & DL and 512 kbits/s max. UL & DL]WACRadius clientServing BSAAA AAA AAA AAARadius Accept (, User Profile,)User User profile User User profile User authenticationCreation of pre-provisionned service at network entryExample:128 kbit/s minimum UL & DL512 kbits/s maximum UL & DLBased on User ProfileCreation of 2 NRT-VR connections [128 kbits/s min. UL & DL and 512 kbits/s max. UL & DL]9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 58All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 585.2 User Profile5.2.4 Provisioned SF CreationWAC ServingRANDiameter: AAR(service information)Service Flow SetupDiameter: AAA(success)SIP: TRYING/RINGING/2000K/ACKGqDiameterSBCSF CreationRequestSF CreationResponseUser Profile CheckSIP: INVITE (SDP Offer) The Provisioned Service Flows are dynamically created on demand basis: Example:9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 59All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 595 QoS Management & Admission Control in WIMAX RAN5.3 Lease LineA Leased Line is defined by a set of entities: GRE tunnel-end-point and DSCP code point Service Flow on Radio End-Point carrying the GRE tunnel Service Flow leased Lineor Service flow Classifiers defining which user flows will be encapsulated in the GRE tunnel. A Service Flow leased line corresponds to a pre-provisioned service flow Scheduling types For LL, may be set to UGS or RT-Vr or ERT-Vr or NRT-Vr Service Flow Leased lines may be established using the following service types: LEASED LINECONVERSATIONAL LEASED LINE STREAMING LEASED LINE-NON-REAL TIME9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 60All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 605.3 Leased Line5.3.1 Lease Line Principles A leased line is established after the MS authentication procedure during network entry. A leased line corresponds to a pre-provisioned service flow created from profiles in the AAA server through RADIUS Access Accept message and corresponding to a givenuser QoS profile.HABSBSWACRobust BowserDSCP = 0Lease LineConversationnalDSCP = 46CPEAAAProfilesClassifiersWAC parametersBEBELLCLLCService Flows9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 61All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 615.3.1 Lease Line Principles5.3.1.1 Leased Line Profile Example Guaranteed DL & UL throughput on air interface Leased line QoS characteristics defined in User Profile E.g. 512 kbits/s DL and 512 kbits/s UL Connection created at Network entryWAC1) Network entryAAA serverCPEPCPC2) User profile download3) Connection creationrequest4) Connection creation(512 kbits/ s UL, DL)Example:Lease line (UGS connection)512 kbits/s guaranteed UL512 kbits/s guaranteed DLWAC1) Network entryAAA server AAA serverCPEPCPCCPEPC PCPC PC2) User profile download3) Connection creationrequest4) Connection creation(512 kbits/ s UL, DL)Example:Lease line (UGS connection)512 kbits/s guaranteed UL512 kbits/s guaranteed DL9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 62All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 625 QoS Management & Admission Control in WIMAX RAN5.4 Support of VLAN (Tagged Frames)A VLAN-tagged frame is a tagged frame whose tag header carries both VLAN identification and priorityInformation: VLAN-tagging on the CN side (HA less configuration): to isolate the traffic of the different NSPs. VLAN-tagging on the ASN side (HA and HA less configurations): priority bits in the Ethernet frames. VLAN-tagging on the CN and ASN side (HA less configuration): priority bits in the Ethernet frames.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 63All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 636 Protocoles & Interfaces in WiMAXAlcatel-Lucent Network9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 64All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 646 Protocoles & Interfaces in WiMAX Alcatel-Lucent Network6.1 Network Elements InterconnectionMSS BS WACWACDHCP ServerHAAAAOMCCCC/TCP/IPDHCP/UDP/IPMIP/UDP/IPRADIUS/UDP/IPXML/HTTPSSNMPv3DIAMETER/TCP/IP802.16eMACSNMPv3R6R3R3R3R4R1SBCR3DIAMETER/TCP/IP9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 65All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 656 Protocoles & Interfaces in WiMAX Alcatel-Lucent Network6.2 Air Interface (R1)The WiMAX protocol stack as defined by the IEEE802.16e:CSMAC CPSSecurity Sub-layerPHYPHY SAPMAC SAPCS SAPMACPHYConvergence Sub-layer (CS)Convergence Sub-layer (CS)MAC Common Part Sub-layerMAC Common Part Sub-layerSecurity Sub-layerSecurity Sub-layerPhysical LayerPhysical Layer9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 66All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 666.2 Air Interface (R1)6.2.1 PHY LayerPreamble DLFCHPreamble DLFCHDL ULTime SymbolSub-channelFrame Control HeaderSucarriersDL-MAPUL-MAPFCHDL-MAPUL-MAPDL PreambleDL& UL mapsThe resources are available in the time domains by means of symbolsand in frequency domain by means of sub-carrier for allocation to individual users.OFDMA FrameWiMAX as defined in the IEEE 820.16e supports both TDD and FDD. The Commercial Alcatel-Lucent solution islimited to the TDD (Time Duplex Mode). Burst downlinks allow the use of more advanced robustness and capacity enhancement techniques, such as subscriber-level adaptive burst profiling and advanced antennasystems. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 67All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 676.2 Air Interface (R1)6.2.2 MAC LayerBS SSConnection Establishment/ReleaseConnection Establishment/ReleaseService Flow EstablishmentService Flow EstablishmentConnection MaintenanceConnection MaintenanceNetwork AccessNetwork AccessMAC layer is connection-oriented. All data communications are in the context of a connection9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 68All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 686 Protocoles & Interfaces in WiMAX Alcatel-Lucent Network6.3 Interface R6 (BS-WAC)The network interface of the BS is based on the Fast Ethernet technology. This Ethernet link connects the BS to the access controller (WAC) via a Transport Network.The transport network may be a Layer 3 (IP) network or a Layer 2 network (layer2), that means, it includes routers and/or L2 switchesWACBSControl PlaneUser planeThe transport network9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 69All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 696.3 Interface R6 (BS-WAC) 6.3.1 BS-WAC IP AddressingIP addresses used in the Control Plane are distinct from those used in the User Plane.BSControl planeManagementplaneGRE/NSP (User plane)VLAN /NSPWACCN RAN1 unique CP @/Bs1 unique UP IP @1 OAM IP@1 CP IP@ WAC-BS & IWAC1 UP IP@ WAC-BS (GRE/NSP)1 UP IP@ IWAC (GRE/NSP)NSP1NSP2NSPn1 CP IP@ VLAN/NSP)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 70All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 706.3 Interface R6 (BS-WAC) 6.3.2 User Plane (BS-WAC) All user plane IP packets whether originated from or sent to MS are tunneled over the BS-WAC interface in a GRE/IP tunnel. All the MS traffic is mapped onto a Service Flow on the air interface and encapsulatedby GRE tunnels between BS and WAC One-To-One mapping for each unidirectional service flow, GRE key and CID. While GRE key is added in the GRE extension field, BS-WAC tunnel is per NSP and per SF based.GRE TunnelData PlaneDSCPInner IP HeaderGRE HeaderOuter IP HeaderInner IP PayloadGRE PacketBS WACDSCPGRE KeyThere is one separate tunnel endpoint IP address per NSP on WAC side, but one commontunnel endpoint IP address for all NSPs on BS side. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 71All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 716.3 Interface R6 (BS-WAC) 6.3.3 Control Plane (BS-WAC)Common Control Channel is the Signaling plane protocol between BS and WAC specific to Alcatel-Lucent Solution, it is performed using TCP control links that are set up by the BS with its Serving Wac .ClusterServing WACBase StationControl InterfaceControl InterfaceWACControl InterfaceWACControl InterfaceTCP9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 72All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 726.3 Interface R6 (BS-WAC) 6.3.4 BS-WAC Load balancing Each WACU in a Cluster can serve MS managed by any BS in the cluster. Each BS maintains R6 Control and Data path with each WACU in the cluster. For each served MS BS maintains a notion of Serving WAC as part of MS context BS forwarding MS request to a WAC: If no MS context, the BS chooses a "Load Balancer" (Prefered) WACU in the WAC cluster to forward initial MS request. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 73All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 736.3 Interface R6 (BS-WAC) 6.3.5 Control Plane (BS-WAC Load balancing )Common Control Channel in the Load Balancing configuration is is performed usingTCP control links that are set up by the BS towards all the WACs of the cluster.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 74All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 746 Protocoles & Interfaces in WiMAX Alcatel-Lucent Network6.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network)W4 release supports two R3 modes: - R3 compliant mode and a R3 non compliant Mode.ASNNAPR3CSNHome NSPThe interfaces denoted as R3 are: The interface with the AAA Server for usersauthentication and accounting. The interface with the HA for Mobile IP procedure. The interface with the DHCP Server for users IP connectivity management. For managed services, an additional R3 interface between the WAC Diameter Relay and the SBC isto be supported for QoS handling (Gq interface).Depending upon the Operator preferences, HA in this release can beconfigured as Embedded in WAC or External (in CSN).9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 75All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 756 Protocoles & Interfaces in WiMAX Alcatel-Lucent Network6.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network) [cont.]WAC ServingRANSBCDHCP/ DNSExternal HAAAAR3Embedded HA9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 76All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 766.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network)6.4.1 External HA: Enhanced Legacy vs R3 ComplianceR3 compliantEnhanced Legacy External HA -DHCP proxy or DHCP relay -HA IP@ from AAA -DHCP relay -DHCP server IP from OMC -HA IP@ from DHCP server Embedded HA -DHCP Relay or DHCP Proxy -HA IP@ assigned in initial Serving WAC -DHCP Relay -HA IP@ assigned in initial Serving WAC 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 77All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 776.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network)6.4.1 R3 With AAA (RADIUS)The AAA Framework provides the following services to WIMAX: Authentication & Accounting services. MS revocation list Support On-Line Subscription & Hot Lining MS IP address assigment (optionnaly) DHCP securityRadius9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 78All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 786.4.1 R3 With AAA6.4.1.1 Authentication, Authorization & Accounting The AAA protocol is: Client/Server Model in which WAC acts as RADIUS Client and AAA server acts as RADIUS Server Radius protocol is transported over UDP/IPThe Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX solution uses AAA RADIUS server for : The Authentication: Server Authentication (AAA server), Device Authentication, SubscriberAuthentication) Download users QoS profiles into the WAC = Authorization Tracking users activity and manage users sessions = AccountingCPEWACAAA Server9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 79All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 796.4.1 R3 With AAA6.4.1.2 Radius Paket FormatA RADIUS packet is encapsulated in the UDP Data field, where the UDP Destination Port field indicates1812 (decimal).RADIUS Codes (decimal) are assigned according to the message type as follows:1 Access-Request2 Access-Accept3 Access-Reject4 Accounting-Request5 Accounting-Response11Access-Challenge12Status-Server (experimental)13Status-Client (experimental)255 Reserved9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 80All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 806.4.1 R3 With AAA6.4.1.2 Radius Packet Format [cont.]Radius Packet Exemple: Access RequestWACAAAAccess-RequestDst PortCode (1)= Access RequestLengthAuthenticatorAttributesEAP-Attribute9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 81All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 816.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network)6.4.2 R3 With External Home Agent (Mobile IP) MIP Protocol is supported only when the Home Agent is a part of CSN (External HA). MIP Protocol is not supported for Embedded Home Agent. MIP Protocol is intended to enable mobile nodes to move from one location to anotherwithout changing their IP addresses. Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX solution supports only Proxy-MiP approachForeign AgentMiP Tunnel 1CoA1CoA2Foreign AgentMiP Tunnel 2 ExternalHome AgentCSNRANR3 MiP is not valid with Embedded HA Home Agent (HA) A router on a mobile node's home network which tunnels datagrams for delivery to the mobile node and maintains current location information for the mobile node.Foreign Agent (FA) A router on a mobile node's visited network which provides routing services to the mobile node while registered. The foreign agent de-tunnels and delivers datagrams to the mobile node that were tunneled by the mobile node's homeagent. Home address IP address received by the MSS from the DHCP (Local IP Address Allocation)Care-of Address (CoA) The termination point of a tunnel toward a mobile node, for datagrams forwarded to the mobile node while it is away from home. It is the address of the serving WAC. 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 82All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 826.4.2 R3 With External Home Agent (Mobile IP)6.4.2.1 MiP Principle@IP Corresponding NodeHome @IP Mobile NodePayload@IP Care of address@IP Source HA@IP Corresponding NodeHome @IP Mobile NodePayloadMNCNFAHATunnelCoARAN The Home Agents scope Intercepts packets from the corresponding node Tunnels them toward the Foreign AgentNew IP headerOriginal IP Packet9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 83All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 836.4.2 R3 With External Home Agent (Mobile IP)6.4.2.1 MiP Principle [cont.]Home Agent1.1.1.71.1.1.71.1.1.81.1.1.5ForeignAgent (WAC)ForeignAgent (WAC)10.31.1.110.31.2.110.31.3.110.31.1.110.31.2.110.31.2.1 10.31.3.1MobileNodeCoA1.1.1.71.1.1.7Old tunnelNew tunnelBinding tableThe update of the Binding Table is the scope of the FACorresponding NodeForeignAgent (WAC)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 84All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 846.4.2 R3 With External Home Agent (Mobile IP)6.4.2.2 MiP Registration & DeregistrationOnly 2 MIP messages used today : MIP Registration request (Lifetime = 0 for de-registration) MIP Registration ReplyMSS BS WAC/FA DHCP Server HAMIP registration request 1MIP registration reply 2WwMSS BS WAC/FA DHCP Server HAMIP registration request (lifetime = 0) 1MIP registration reply (lifetime = 0) 2Ww9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 85All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 856.4.2 R3 With External Home Agent (Mobile IP)6.4.2.2 MiP Registration & Deregistration [cont.]MiP Packet Format:Type=Registration RequestRegistration Life Time =1hHome Adress (MN IP@)Home Agent IP@CoA IP@9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 86All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 866.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network)6.4.3 R3 with DHCP RFC 2131/Runs over UDP ( ports 67/68) Main DHCP messages: dhcpdiscover, dhcpoffer , dhcprequest ,dhcpack.IP Address Allocation Mechanisms Static IP Addressing Dynamic IP Addressing9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 87All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 876.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network)6.4.4 DHCP Packet FormatHoA IP@MS IP@IP@ OfferDHCP Server IP@ DHCP Relay IP@CPE/MS MaC @Option List9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 88All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 886.4.3 R3 with DHCP6.4.3.1 DHCP Relay & DHCP ProxyMS performs DHCP procedure to get a local IP address. The local IP address can be obtained withDHCP relay or DHCP proxy in the WAC.1- DHCP Relay Mode: DHCP relay may add information before relaying DHCP messages that are taken into account by DHCP server when returning MS IP@ and DHCP options: Optionsvalue 68 in option 55 : In case of External HA. Option 82/1 : In case of Embedded HA, WAC inserts the DHCP Relay Agent option set to a value that identifies the WAC . Option 82/1 : Also used in case of external HA and IP @ of HA allocated by the AAA.2- DHCP Proxy Mode: WAC terminates the DHCP protocol , so behaves as DHCP server towards MS and MS IP@ assigned by AAA or by HA9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 89All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 896.4 Interface R3 (WAC-Core Network)6.4.4 R3 With SBC (Gq Interface) In Alcatel-Lucent WiMAX network, Diameter protocol is used for QoS management. It is involved in all VoIP, VoD, Live TV channel, and all applications with QoS. Diameter is implemented between The WAC and the SBC (P-CSCF). For HSI service, Diameter is not involved. WACServingWACDRRANGqDiameterSBCSIP_INVITE(SDP) R3R6R1Call Set Up RequestUser ProfilesUser Profiles9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 90All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 906.4.4 R3 With SBC (QoS Management)6.4.4.1 Diameter Protocol: QoS Management SBC translates and maps the SDP parameters into service information SBC sends the service information to the WACfor authorization in the appropriate AAR commandWACSBC STR (Session 1)AAA (Session 1)INVITE (Session1)AAA (Session 2)AAR (Session 2)STA (Session 1)CPE1CPE2 AAR (Session 1)INVITE (Session2)Bye (Session1) = < Diameter Header: 265, REQ, PXY >< Session-Id >{ Auth-Application-Id }{ Origin-Host }{ Origin-Realm }{ Destination-Realm }[ Media-Component-Description ] = < Diameter Header: 265, PXY >< Session-Id >{ Auth-Application-Id }{ Origin-Host }{ Origin-Realm }[ Result Code ][ Experimental Result ]9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 91All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 916.4.4 R3 With SBC (QoS Management)6.4.4.2 Diameter Protocol: QoS Management [cont.]274 Abort Session Answer ASAMessages used over the diameter connection to detect transport failures280 Device Watchdog Request DWR280 Device Watchdog Answer DWA282 Disconnect Peer Answer DPADeactivation of the Diameter connection triggered by the WAC in case of reconfiguration of the SBC282 Disconnect Peer Request DPR275 Session Termination Answer STATermination of the session (e.g after SIP BYE), resources previously allocated are released275 Session Termination Request STRTermination of the session after the SIP BYE, resources previously allocated are released274 Abort Session Request ASR265 AA Answer AAAQoS resource authorization request/answer for the session265 AA Request AAR257 Capabilities Exchange Answer CEAActivation of Diameter connection between SBC and WAC257 Capabilities Exchange Request CERDetails Code Description CommandDiameter Messages exchanged over Gq Interface: 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 92All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 926 Protocoles & Interfaces in WiMAX Alcatel-Lucent Network6.5 Interface R4 (WAC-WAC interface)Two kinds of interfaces R4 exist:1- The interface between two adjacent WACs called inter-WAC interface 2- The interface between WAC units within the same WAC cluster.The interfaces denoted as R4 are: For mobility: interface between Serving WAC unit and Target WAC unit For idle mode: interface between WAC supporting Paging Controller and Target WAC For managed services (VoIP, VoD, etc): interface between WAC Diameter Relay and Serving WAC. For intra-cluster interface (Load Balancing of BS into WAC cluster): interface betweenLoad Balancer WAC and Serving WAC unit9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 93All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 937 Initial Network Entry and IP Service Establishment.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 94All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 947 Initial Network Entry and IP Service Establishment.7.1 Initial Network Entry (Mobile User)CPE BS WAC ExtHAWwAAA DHCPND& S + ASN Connection Set Up *Access Authentication and AuthorizationAccountingIP Service Establishment & First MiP Registration DRSecond MiP Registration Diameter Relay RegistrationASPHSI Service Establishement9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 95All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 957.1 Initial Network Entry (Mobile User)7.1.1 ASN Connection Setup MS performs cell selection, NSP discovery and network attachment.RNG REQ_ MS MAC@RNG RES_Basic & primary management CIDsSBC REQ (Basics Capabilities)SBC RES CPE BS WACSS Associated-Ind (MS-MAC@)Ranging cause=NW_ENTRYSS Associated-res (MS-MAC@ UP-T W-Adress-list)Scanning and synchronisationDL-MAP, DCD, UCD, UL-MAPWw R6Network Discoveryand SelectionND&SBS Selects prefered WACWAC units runs the load sharing algorithmand selects the Serving WAC unit in the cluster to handle the MS.Upon installation, an MSS begins scanning its frequency list to find an operating channel. The MSS tries to synchronize to the downlink transmission by detecting the periodic frame preambles. Once the physicallayer is synchronized, the MSS will look for the periodically broadcast Downlink Coding Descriptor (DCD) and Uplink Coding Descriptor (UCD) messages.Upon learning what parameters to use for its initial ranging transmissions, the MSS will look for initialranging opportunities by scanning the Uplink-MAP messages present in every frame. The MSS chooses an initial ranging slot to send a ranging request message.The response also provides the MSS with the basic and primary management CIDs.To avoid wasting capacity, the MSS next reports its PHY capabilities, including the modulation and codingschemes it supports. The BS, in its response, can deny or accept the use of any capability reported by theMSS.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 96All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 967.1 Initial Network Entry (Mobile User)7.1.2 Access Authentication and AuthorizationCPE BS WAC AAAAuthentication & authorisationSS_Set_AK-Req(MS MAC@, AK context, NSP ID)PKM : Key exchangeSS_Set_AK-CnfREG-ReqREG-ResWwAfter successful completion of access authentication:WAC Anchor-Authentication retrieves the keying material contained in the RADIUS message, and then send them to BS. The NSP ID is provided to the BS. Upon receiving message MSS-Set_AK-Req, the BS starts the keying materials exchange procedurewith the MSS BS indicate to WAC the Key exchange result (message MSS_Set_AK-Cnf) MS sends REG-REQ message to register with the BSRadius Access AcceptR6R3Each MSS contains both a manufacturer-issued factory-installed X.509 digital certificate and thecertificate of the manufacturer. The network is able to verify the identity of the MSS by checkingthe certificates and can subsequently check the level of authorization of the MSS. If the MSS is authorizedto join the network, the BS will respond to its request with an Authorization Reply containing anAuthorization Key (AK). Upon successful authorization, the MSS will register with the network.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 97All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 97WAC Anchor-Authenticator for it establishes the Initial Service Flow using the VSAs retrieved from the AAA server7.1 Initial Network Entry (Mobile User)7.1.3 IP @ Assignment & Initial Service EstablishmentInitialService flow creation:After a successful registration, the BS creates and activates the initial Service flows which purpose is to allow the MSS to exchange DHCP signalingWw CPEWACR6BSSS_SF_Request (Type=Addition, SFID, QoSparameters UL& DL)SS_SF_Cnf (SFIDDSA, QoS Parameters, CiD, ClassifiersAfter registration, the MSS attains an IP address via DHCP and establishes the time of day via the InternetTime Protocol (NTP server).9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 98All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 987.1 Initial Network Entry (Mobile User)7.1.3 IP @ Assignment & Initial Service Establishment [cont.]DHCP Relay:DHCP Proxy: MS IP@ ??AAADHCP ServerHAWAC (DHCP-RELAY)MS IP@ OfferMS IP@ ??AAAHAWAC (DHCP-Proxy)MS IP@ Radius VSAMS IP@ MiP Registration No DHCP ServerLegacy Compliant 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 99All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 99- Change IP@ Dst fromBroadcast to unicast - + GIADDR7.1.3 IP Service Establishement7.1.3.1 DHCP (Relay Case)The WAC acts as the DHCP relay: R3 CPE BSWAC(DHCP Relay)DHCP ServerWwPCS_PDU(DHCP DISCOVER)GRE (DHCP DISCOVER)(DHCP OFFER)+ HAIP@GRE (DHCP REQUEST)PCS_PDU (DHCPACK)GRE (DHCP ACK) (DHCP ACK)(DHCP REQUEST)GRE (DHCP OFFER)PCS_PDU(DHCP OFFER)PCS_PDU(DHCP REQUEST)IP Destination@ set to 255.255.255.255External HA1st MiP Registration(DHCP DISCOVER) R6DHCP Server IP@ isknown by the WAC:-OMC configuration-AAA VSAInitial SF9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 100All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 100R3 R67.1.3 IP Service Establishement7.1.3.2 DHCP (Proxy Case)At this point, based upon the absence of DHCP server IP address, WAC decides to use DHCP Proxy Mode.CPE BSWACDHCP ProxyWwPCS_PDU(DHCP DISCOVER)GRE (DHCP DISCOVER)GRE (DHCP REQUEST) PCS_PDU (DHCPACK)GRE (DHCP ACK)GRE (DHCP OFFER)MS IP@ as obtained by HA PCS_PDU(DHCP OFFER)PCS_PDU(DHCP REQUEST)IP Destination@ set to 255.255.255.255External HA AAAHA IP@, MIP security keys and attributes,Optionnaly: DNS IP@&SBC IP@(P-cscf)1st MiP RegistrationMS IP@ (HoA)DHCP Offer=DHCP request ??No DHCP ServerRadius Acces AcceptInitial SF9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 101All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1017.1 Initial Network Entry (Mobile User)7.1.5 Accounting WAC starts to record the duration of the session (HSI), input and output octets, or input and output packets of the user.R3 CPE BSWAC(ASN Anchor)Ww HAR62ndMiP RegistrationAAAAccountingStart (beginning of the session=True, Acct-Session-Id, NAS-IP-Address, NAS-Port, Acct-Status)Accounting Response User session beginsWAC performs the second MIP registration shortlyafter the first successful registration.@HSI Service Establishement9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 102All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1028 End to End Scenarios9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 103All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1038. End to End Scenario8.1 Network Entry & InitializationAccounting startMS BS WAC AAADHCP HAMutual Authentication via EAPRadio entryScan, DL/ULParametersHSIVoIP Call SetupRegistrationLocal IP address allocationService Flow CreationMIP registrationSIP Registration9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 104All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1048. End to End Scenario8.2 Discover: Sip RegistrationMS BS WAC AAA DHCPHA SBCWhen the CPE is connected, the SIP agent performs the SIP registration to indicates its presence on the network to the IMS.IMSSIP Request: RegisterSIP Request: RegisterSIP OKSIP OK9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 105All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1058. End to End Scenario8.3 Discover: VoIP callMS-1 MS-2 BS WAC DHCP HATry to complete the call flow for E2E WiMAXs user SIP call:SBC Softswitch9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 106All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1068. End to End Scenario8.4 Discover: VoIP Call Release & QoSMS-1 MS-2 BS WAC DHCP HA SBC SoftswitchBased on the previous call flow, try to complete the following one for VoIP call release:9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 107All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1078. End to End Scenario8.5 Video Streaming Session Setup (Service Discovery)MSS BS WACDiameterRelay WAC12Video StreamingserverSBCHTTP Get (HTTP_url, HTTP_headers)HTTP Get (HTTP_url, HTTP_headers)User AuthenticationHTTP 200 OK (rtsp_url,CONF_ID, UID)HTTP 200 OK (rtsp url,CONF ID, UID)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 108All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1088. End to End Scenario8.5 Video Streaming Session Setup: First PartMSS BS WACDiameterRelay WACSBCRTSP DESCRIBE (rtsp url,Accept:Application/sdp)1Video Streaming ServerRTSP 200 OK (SDP informationSBC store SDP informationRTSP 200 OK ( RtspSessionID,SDP information)RTSP SETUP(rtsp url, RtspSessionID,stream_ID, parameter list)SBC store client setingfor parametersRTSP SETUP(rtsp url, RtspSessionID,stream_ID, parameter list)RTSP 200 OK ( RtspSessionID)RTSP 200 OK ( RtspSessionID)RTSP SETUP(rtsp url, RtspSessionID,stream_ID, parameter list)SBC store client Seting for parametersRTSP SETUP(rtsp url,RtspSessionID,stream_ID, parameter list)RTSP 200 OK ( RtspSessionID)RTSP 200 OK ( RtspSessionID)RTSP Play (rtsp url, RtspSessionID,Range)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 109All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1098. End to End Scenario8.5Video Streaming Session Setup: QoS and Second PartMSS BS WACDiameterRelay WACSBC Video Streaming ServerDIAMETER:AAR(ServiceInformation for Audio and Video)DIAMETER:AAR(ServiceInformation for Audio and Video)SS-SF-Req(MS MAC,SF-Req-Type=ADDITION, SFlist)Service flow creation forAudio and VideoSS-SF-Cnf(MS MAC@, Service Flow ResultsDIAMETER:AAA(success)DIAMETER:AAA(success)RTSP PLAY(rtsp url, RtspSessionID,Range)RTSP 200 OK ( RtspSessionID,Range,RTP-Info)RTSP 200 OK ( RtspSessionID,Range, RTP-Info)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 110All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1109 Mobility9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 111All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1119 Mobility9.1 A Multi-layer IP Mobility Solution802.16eWAC(proxy MI P/ FA)HAWAC(proxy MI P/ FA)BSBSBSCorporateIMSInternet intra WACinter WACSeamless handoverHA: Home AgentFA: Foreign Agent802.16eWAC(proxy MI P/ FA)HAWAC(proxy MI P/ FA)BS BSBS BSBS BSCorporateIMSInternet intra WACinter WACSeamless handoverHA: Home AgentFA: Foreign Agent Intra WAC handoverHandover between base stations keeping the same WAC as anchor pointNo change of Mobile IP Foreign Agent (FA) Inter WAC handoverHandover between base stations leading to a change of WAC Requires a binding update with the Home Agent (HA)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 112All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1129.1 A Multi-layer IP Mobility Solution9.1.1 The Proxy Mobile IP Approach WiMAX mobility solution based on Proxy Mobile IP: The Mobile IP client is located in the WAC Compliant to WiMAX Forum which defines both Proxy Mobile IP and Client Mobile IP Mobile IP Approach defines 3 functional elements: The Home Agent which manages the WiMAX terminal IP@. The node communicating with the WiMAX terminal only knows the WiMAX terminal IP@ managed by the HA. All traffic to/from the WiMAX terminal converge to the HA. The Foreign Agent located in the WiMAX RAN (i.e. in the WAC). All traffic to/fromthe WiMAX terminal is tunneled between the HA and FA. The Mobile IP client in charge of updating the HA FA tunnel when the WiMAXterminal moves from one FA to another (i.e. from one WAC to another).9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 113All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1139 Mobility9.2 Intra WAC Hand Over Intra WAC handover is based on 4 functionalsteps: Cell reselection (scanning) Handover initiation & preparation Handover execution MSS disconnected from the network Network re-entry After this step MSS can send/receivepackets to/from networkWACMob-msho-req (BSs list)ho req (BSs list)ho reqho rsp (BS)Mob-bsho-rsp (BS)HO initiation& preparationScanning neighborsCell reselectionho rspMob-ho-ind (BS)Network re-entryWACMob-msho-req (BSs list)ho req (BSs list)ho reqho rsp (BS)Mob-bsho-rsp (BS)HO initiation& preparationScanning neighborsCell reselectionho rspMob-ho-ind (BS)Network re-entryHandover is MS initiated network controlled 9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 114All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1149 Mobility9.3 MiP Operation Handover between base stations leading to a change of WAC As the WAC (FA) changes, a binding update with the Home Agent (HA) is required to update L3 routing802.16eWAC-1(proxy MI P)WiMAXRANMacro mobilityHAWAC-2(proxy MI P)802.16eWAC-1(proxy MI P)WiMAXRANMacro mobilityHAWAC-2(proxy MI P)9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 115All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1159.3 MiP Operation9.3.1 Inter WAC Hand Over with External HA At Initial Network Entry WAC gets required information allowing to perform Mobile IP registration (e.g. Home Agent IP @) WAC performs the Mobile IP registration on behalf of the MS. This is transparent to the MS. binding : CoA (IP@ of the FA in the WAC) and MS IP@ done in HA802.16eWAC-1(PMIP)WiMAXRANMacro mobilityCore NetworkHAWAC-2(PMIP)1) IP@ acquisitionDHCP server2) IP@ acquisition3) MIPRRQ/ RSP4) ACK802.16eWAC-1(PMIP)WiMAXRANMacro mobilityCore NetworkHAWAC-2(PMIP)1) IP@ acquisitionDHCP server2) IP@ acquisition3) MIPRRQ/ RSP4) ACK9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 116All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1169.3 MiP Operation9.3.1 Inter WAC Hand Over with External HA [cont.] During inter WAC handover: MIP related information (e.g. HA IP@) are provided by serving WAC to target WAC. Target WAC has all information to perform MIP registration Inter-WAC tunnel created to continue to send/receive traffic to/from MSWAC-1HA HA HAWAC-2 WAC-1 WAC-2 WAC-1 WAC-2WAC-1HA HA HAWAC-2 WAC-1 WAC-2 WAC-1 WAC-29700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 117All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1179 Mobility9.4 Idle Mode & Paging Mechanism & Principles of Idle Mode feature: After a period (configurable) of inactivity the MS enters in Idle Mode Idle mode is a state allowing a MS, which is inactive, to conserve power and operational resources by restricting MS activity to scanning at discrete intervals. The MS has no more bindings with the BS (Service Flows, CIDs), therefore, the resources can be re-used by other MSs The MS is still reachable for the outside IP world. Its context is still alive in the WAC & HA, therefore IP traffic can be sent to the MS. When DL traffic has to be delivered to the MS, the BS pages the MS. MS will go through a Network Entry procedure and re-attach to the BS. If the MS needs to send data in UL, it will go through a Network Entry procedure and re-attach to the BS MS in idle mode is managed by a Paging Controller located in the WAC.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 118All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1189 Mobility9.4 Idle Mode & Paging[cont.] Role of the MS when in idle mode: Periodically listen to paging messages broadcast by the Paging Controller to know if there are pending data for this MS in the network (If any, the MS re-enters the network) Periodically refresh MS context lifetime stored in the Paging Controller Periodically listen to paging information broadcast by the network in order to know if the MS has moved to another Paging Group Role of the Paging Controller: Keeps track of MS location while in idle mode to know in which paging group the MS is Stores MS context for MS in idle mode Notifies MS in idle mode of incoming IP packets Paging:When PC receives a downlink packet towards an IDLE MS, it first checks the current PG of the MS. PC can initiate Paging procedure to all the BSs of the Cluster which belong to the PG via R6 interface. Location Update:LU MAY be either Secure or Unsecure9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 119All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 1199.4 Idle Mode & Paging 9.4.2 Idle Mode Principle In BS Load Balancing Each WAC unit can manage all the BSs belonging to the Cluster. Each WAC Unit can manage all the PGs of the BSs in the Cluster. The BSs controlled by the WAC units from the same cluster can be divided into different PGs. BS association with a particular PG within a cluster is done via OMC-R.9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 120All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 12010 End To End Security Architecture9700 W4 End-to-End Architecture Page 121All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEARTMO18005All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent @@YEAR 9700 WiMAX E2E Architecture 12110 End To End Security Architecture10.1 WiMAX Security Methods The possible combination for the authentication in W4 are: User and server authentication via EAP-AKA or EAP-SIM. This is already supported in W3 and the mutual authentication occurs by the very nature of the shared secrets used for these authentication schemes. User and server authenticati