9221.renewable energy

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Description Date Name CheckThis document containing confidential

information and is the property of PAKPAS GROUP and can not be reproduced or used

without PAKPAS’s written consent.

ATLANTIC ASIA PACIFIC TRANS LTD

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

AMS KAZAKHSTAN

EXPO 2017 ASTANA KAZAKHSTAN

TOO RNG ASIA

ONYXSOLAR

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITYGREEN ECONOMY

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ONYXSOLAR

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITYSustainable energy is the sustainable provision of energy that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Technologies that promote sustainable energy include renewable energy sources, such as hydroelectricity, solar energy, wind energy, wave power, geothermal energy, artificial photosynthesis, and tidal power, and also technologies designed to improve energy efficiency.

We are VAR System Integrator

SMART GRID

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9221.526.6.545.162.120

Echelon’s Smart Building Solution allows building professionals to architect energy-efficient buildings that can respond to real-time grid events. From the Paris Louvre museum and Beijing’s “Bird’s Nest” stadium to quick service restaurants and public schools, over 300,000 buildings around the world rely on Echelon to keep occupants comfortable, safe, and productive — while reducing energy use and their carbon footprint.

With more than 20 years of real-world experience in the buildings industry, Echelon delivers benefits over the life of the building that often extends well beyond the intent of the original design. Echelon’s Smart Building Solution is a proven, open standard and multi-application platform. The key benefits of the solution include:

Smart Control

Echelon’s energy control networking platform relies on the LonWorks® standard for smart control networks. Smart control systems are used almost everywhere – in smart cities, smart buildings, smart meters, smart grids – virtually everything that goes into them and then some. Many of these systems reduce energy use as a primary attribute, while many others use smart control to enable their core functionality – like fire detection and suppression, access control systems, pitch control in helicopter blades, asset and inventory control, and conveyor systems. With smart control you get high reliability, lower maintenance costs, low cost installation, and superior performance.Echelon’s LonWorks based control networking technologies have been proven in 100 million devices, 300,000 buildings, and in electricity meters connecting 35 million homes to the grid. The LonWorks open standard that underlies our technology is accepted worldwide (ISO/IEC 14908-1), and it enables applications that turn diverse products into systems that increase energy efficiency and make people safer, more comfortable, or more productive.

LonWorks® StandardsOpen StandardLonWorks is an ISO/IEC standard consisting of the following parts:

ISO/IEC 14908-1. Communication protocolISO/IEC 14908-2. Twisted-pair wire signaling technologyISO/IEC 14908-3. Power line signaling technologyISO/IEC 14908-4. IP compatibility (tunneling) technology

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SMART GRID

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Echelon’s smart building solution delivers a suite of tools and product offerings for OEMs, building owners, specification writers, integrators, and energy management application developers. The solution enables building professionals to integrate the world’s leading devices, applications, and building automation standards (LonWorks and BACnet), to architect energy-efficient buildings that are grid-aware and can respond dynamically to emerging grid requirements.

Echelon Smart Transceivers (for OEMS)Our free-topology twisted pair smart transceivers have been embedded in millions building automation devices such as sensors, thermostats, motion detectors, air handlers, and chillers. Cost effective with an ISO/IEC 14908 optimized 8-bit application microprocessor and an ISO/IEC 14908.2 (free-topology twisted pair) transceiver, our smart transceivers eliminate wiring errors, are extremely noise immune, highly reliable, polarity insensitive and do not require either complex network termination or expensive network cable shielding.

Echelon SmartServer Controller (for OEMs and System Integrators)Echelon’s SmartServer building controller — a system manager and field controller integral to any smart building installation. Echelon’s SmartServer provides the functionality required for high-performance building networks and smart-energy applications and can also serve as a standalone controller for smaller networks. The Echelon SmartServer connects control networks to IP-based applications using SOAP/XML Web services and other open protocols such as LonWorks, BACnet (BACnet/IP) and Modbus (Modbus/IP). When serving as a BACnet/IP gateway, Echelon’s SmartServer supports BACnet user interfaces for integrated management of LonWorks networks.

By providing built-in apps for scheduling, trending, and alarming — and interfaces to other equipment, like Modbus-based air-handlers and electricity meters that provide pulse-count signals, Echelon’s SmartServer provides important functions to facility management, enterprise resource planning, or service provider software.

Echelon’s OpenLNS Operating System (for Software Developers and System Integrators)Echelon’s OpenLNS network operating system, development and integration tools, ensures openness. Building owners can change service providers as needed, and leverage competitive bidding because all the necessary information about the network is maintained in the building owner's OpenLNS database.

With a rich community of software developers at leading building automation system (BAS) manufacturers, well over 300 plug-ins have been built to help installers more easily commission, configure, monitor, control, diagnose or repair any LonWorks devices. These applications can implement a wide range of policies determined by the building professional to balance comfort and energy savings, including how to respond to a request from the grid for energy reduction or a signal from the grid with variable pricing.

The OpenLNS network operating system released January 2013 eliminates commissioning fees, device credits, and royalties entirely and supports all ISO/IEC 14908-1, 14908-2, 14908-3, and 14908-4 compliant devices, routers, and network interfaces. The OpenLNS Server accelerates the creation of powerful OpenLNS based grid and enterprise apps for smart, grid-aware buildings.

Intelligence at the Edge

Energy control networking applications require intelligent decision making to deal with failure conditions and other anomalous situations. The traditional approach to decision making is to concentrate all intelligence and decision making at a central control center, and to view the distributed elements of the control network simply as dumb producers, consumers, and transporters of raw data. However, in our view, distributing and pushing intelligence and decision making to the edge is required to transform a basic communications network into a multi-application control network that is more reliable, scalable, and responsive to local conditions.

Power Line Communications (PLC)

Power line communications (PLC) is a critical energy control networking technology for Smart Grid, Smart Cities, and Smart Buildings applications. PLC has many advantages over other wired and wireless communication methods. However, PLC technology must overcome some significant technical challenges to be practical. Echelon’s experience and unique innovations allow us to offer the world’s most proven, open standard, and multi-application PLC technology.

Echelon power line transceivers can be used in the CENELEC A-band and CENELEC C-band. The A-band is reserved by law in CENELEC regulated countries for the exclusive use of utilities and their licensees. The C-band is available for consumer and commercial use without restriction, but a common access protocol and co-existence protocol is mandated. When used in A-band mode, Echelon's transceiver supports two channels within this band, one centered at 75 KHz and the other at 86KHz. WHen used in C-band mode, Echelon's transceiver also supports two channels, one centered at 115KHz and the other centered at 132KHz. The rationale for two channels is that if one is blocked, it is unlikely that the other is blocked by a harmonic of the power line impairment.

Advantages of PLC TechnologyPLC is appealing because there is no need to run additional wires to powered devices. PLC can also work where radio frequency (RF) cannot. For example smart meters in the basement of a building basement are unlikely to be able to use RF to communicate with the neighborhood data concentrator. PLC communication on the other hand can traverse the power wires to reach the data concentrator.

For these reasons most utilities around the world have chosen PLC for their smart grid projects, and most cities have chosen PLC for their smart street light projects.

Smart Street LightingPublic lighting accounts for an estimated 30% of city expenditures and a significant portion of greenhouse gas emissions. Replacing high energy-consuming luminaries with high-efficiency ones improves the situation, but the greatest benefits are achieved with a proven, open standard, multi-application control network, as these customer stories show.

SMART GRID

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Smart Buildings

Automated building-system suppliers and original equipment manufacturers rely on Echelon's products and technology to provide energy- and cost-savings for their customers. Here are few of their stories.

Honeywell Enables Accurate Tenant Billing, Reduced Staffing CostsHoneywell Delivers Safety and Savings to Italian Media CompanyJohnson Controls Saves Energy, Establishes Benchmark for U.S. Army's Fort HoodJohnson Controls Modernizes Manhattan Landmark, Saves Energy, Increases Tenant SatisfactionPhilips Lighting Slashs Customer Energy Costs by Up to 50%

When our control networking products are used to automate building systems, results usually include reduced energy consumption and maintenance costs and improved occupant safety and building comfort. These stories describe only a few of the hundreds of successful building automation installations that rely on our LonWorks®-based technologies.

Alcampo Grocery Chain Cuts Energy Costs 20%The Balanced Office Building Cuts HVAC, Lighting Costs 80%Geriatric Center Cuts Energy Use Over 50%DaimlerChrysler European Headquarters Saves Energy, Speeds OpeningThe Harker School's Students See Immediate Energy SavingsIbbenbüren Hospital Meets Stringent Operating Room RequirementsNational Resources Defense Council Wins Green Building AwardParking Garage Lowers Maintenance Costs 30%, Energy Use 15%School Uses Online Energy Data to Motivate Students to Conserve

Smart Grids-Cities-Buildings

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TYPICAL WEB SMART BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEM

TYPICAL LIGHT SMART BUILDING CONTROL SYSTEM

SMART GRIDS-CITIES-BUILDINGS

SMART GRID

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RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITYRENEWABLE ENERGY OFFERS

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS

WE STRUCTURE SMART SYSTEM GRID AND INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH NATIONAL POWER SYSTEM SMART WAY.

At Onyx Solar we develop building integrated photovoltaicmaterials which are used for the replacement of conventionalconstruction materials from different parts of the building’s exteriorsuch as roofs, skylights, windows or façades.

At Onyx Solar we are committed to the study and start-up ofenergy eficient measures and sustainable technologies which will allow us to retroit existing buildings and to design neweco- friendly projects. Our philosophy consists of developingunique and elegant solutions for architectural integration, bycombining both thermal optimization and photovoltaicgeneration.

Our Building Integrated Photovoltaics –BIPV- systems can turn theroof, the windows or the curtain wall of a building into a complete,multifunctional, high-performing, solar-energy power plant. OnyxSolar counts on the most extensive and innovative approach todesign and implement BIPV applications.

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Electricity production,Energy savings due to insulation properties (up to 40%)

UV and IR filtration

No limits of color or semi transperancy

Colored Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Glass.We have patented a wide range of colorful semitransparent photovoltaic glass, now available to be integrated as an artistic colored PV skylight, curtain wall, balcony or any other multifunctional constructive solution.

Normally they consist of an external photovoltaic laminated glass of 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.47, 0.59, 0.75 in (6, 8, 10, 12, 15 or 19 mm)thick, an air chamber of 16 mm for a greater thermal insulation performance, and an inner pane of 6 mm thick glass.

At Onyx Solar, we cooperate with several partners from the industry, so we have no limitations regarding the adaptation of size and thickness of the photovoltaic solutions in order to meet the requirements of each project. In this way, we can reach sizes up to 118 Sq Ft (11 sqm) (98 x 177in (2,500 x 4,500 mm), depending on the photovoltaic technology used).

Infinite combinations of photovoltaic glass: choose your color, pattern, transparency degree, thickness and size. It has never been so easy, smart, attainable and fun integrating solar photovoltaic energy into a building.

No limits of color or semi transperancy

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Slip‐Resistant Photo Voltaic Floor that can be featured in any color evenretroilluminated.

Modular Photo Voltaic Sky‐Light100% Customized Photo Voltaic Glass for your tailor made projects

Colored Semi-Transparent Photovoltaic Glass.

We have patented a wide range of colorful semitransparent photovoltaic glass, now available to be integrated as an artistic colored PV skylight, curtain wall, balcony or any other multifunctional constructive solution.

Photo Voltaic Roof Panels combining ultra‐violent filter and heat and sound insulation

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A photovoltaic (PV) power system:

Generates electricity through the use of PV panels (also known as solar panels).Charges batteries that store the electricity.Converts electricity to standard, household alternating current (AC).The system shown above is isolated from any sources of outside electricity. For this reason, it is known as an "off-grid" system. This is the type of system in Maryland LEAFHouse. However, a home does not need to be powered exclusively by solar energy to take advantage of its benefits.

Two options are available to homeowners who live in an area where utility grid electricity is available. These systems are known as "grid-tied" or "utility-interactive."

The grid-tied option is less expensive and has no battery bank; electricity from the PV panels goes directly to the inverter. When the PV panels generate more electricity than is needed by the home, the excess electricity is fed into the utility grid. The house electric meter runs backward, and the local power company effectively buys the surplus energy from the homeowner. At night and other times when the home needs more electricity than the PV panels can provide, normal grid electricity is used. The inverter controls the use of PV and grid electricity seamlessly.

The utility-interactive option has a PV system with batteries and a charge controller, essentially an off-grid system, but provide a connection to the utility grid as well. If the PV panels and batteries cannot generate and store enough electricity for the home, grid electricity is used.

The advantage to grid-tied systems is that homeowners can take advantage of solar energy, without having to worry about long periods without sufficient sunlight, and without having to buy a large bank of batteries.

Federal, state and local government programs currently provide monetary incentives to homeowners who wish to install PV systems. These programs offer grants and tax-credits that pay a significant portion of the up-front system cost. A comprehensive list of state incentives can be found on the Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE).

Please read ahead for descriptions of the components that make up a PV system, from the sun to the electrical outlet!

http://www.onyxsolar.com/onyxsolar-bipv-solutions.html?gclid=CNaLyLGjv7wCFeWQcgodom4ALw http://www.onyxsolardownloads.com/docs/OnyxSolar-Corporate-Brochure-BIPV-Bureau-EN.pdf

ONYXSOLAR

GREEN BUILDINGS

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There are number of different types of solar panel, from an ever increasing range of manufacturers. Each claims that they are best for one reason or another, with different sales people all giving different information. We are not tied to any particular manufacturer and do not hold stocks of solar panels, so that we are flexible enough to be able to recommend whichever solar panel we think is best for your project and can just order and fit the type of panel you prefer.

This means that we are able to give completely independent advice about our views on different panels and, hopefully, help you distinguish the sales blarney from the real facts.

Polycrystalline vs Monocrystalline vs Hybrid

Sales people really go to town about which is the best type of solar panel and try to make out various reasons why their PV panels are best.

There are differences between the various types of panel, that are worth knowing about but, in the end, it is the total overall power that makes the biggest difference. A 3kW system will generate a very similar amount of electricity whether it is 3kW of poly, mono, thin film or hybrid panels. The “panel efficiency” quoted by manufacturers has very little bearing on the annual generation, it just affects how much roof space is needed for the same powered system – read a full explanation of the meaning of panel efficiency.

My simple summary of the differences between panels would be:

Most crystalline modules (whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline) will perform in a very similar way in the UK and will take up roughly

Sales people really go to town about which is the best type of solar panel and try to make out various reasons why their PV panels are best.

There are differences between the various types of panel, that are worth knowing about but, in the end, it is the total overall power that makes the biggest difference. A 3kW system will generate a very similar amount of electricity whether it is 3kW of poly, mono, thin film or hybrid panels. The “panel efficiency” quoted by manufacturers has very little bearing on the annual generation, it just affects how much roof space is needed for the same powered system – read a full explanation of the meaning of panel efficiency.

My simple summary of the differences between panels would be:

Most crystalline modules (whether monocrystalline or polycrystalline) will perform in a very similar way in the UK and will take up roughly the same space on your roof. So, ignore the sales-speak and choose a manufacturer that you are confident in for the long term with good warranty terms and some proven history of quality and reliability and you will be fine.Monocrystalline Panels

The solar cells in monocrystalline panels are slices cut from pure drawn crystalline silicon bars. The entire cell is aligned in one direction, which means that when the sun is shining brightly on them at the correct angle, they are extremely efficient. So, these panels work best in bright sunshine with the sun shining directly on them. They have a uniform blacker colour because they are absorbing most of the light.

Pure cells are octagonal, so there is unused space in the corners when lots of cells are made into a solar module. Mono mono panels are slightly smaller than poly panels for the same power, but this is only really noticeable on industrial scale installations where you may be able to fit a higher overall power with monocrystalline.

The cost of producing pure silicon wafers is a little more than for polycrystalline cells but generally there is not much

difference in price these days.

Polycrsytalline Panels (also known as multicrystalline)Polycrystalline panels are made up from the silicon offcuts, moulded to form blocks and create a cell made up of several bits of pure crystal. Because the individual crystals are not necessarily all perfectly aligned together and there are losses at the joints between them, they are not quite as efficient. However, this mis-alignment can help in some circumstances, because the cells work better from light at all angles, in low light, etc. For this reason, I would argue that polycrystalline is slightly better suited to the UK’s duller conditions, but the difference is marginal.

The appearance is also different – you can see the random crystal arrangement and the panels look a little bluer as they reflect some of the light.

Since they are cut into rectangular blocks, there is very little wasted space on the panel and you do not see the little diamonds that are typical of mono or hybrid panels. Some people prefer this more uniform appearance, others like the diamonds. The choice is yours because the overall size and cost is very similar to monocrystalline.

Hybrid Panels – eg Panasonic (Sanyo) HIT

The main manufacturer of hybrid panels is Panasonic (formerly Sanyo). Their HIT module which has a thin layer of amorphous solar film behind the monocrystalline cells. The extra amorphous layer extracts even more energy from the available sunlight, particularly in low light conditions. These are the most efficient panels available, so they take up the least space on your roof.

Unless you have a very small roof and want to extract the maximum amount of energy from it, we would not recommend using the hybrid panels at the moment. Hybrid panels are a lot more expensive than mono or poly-crystalline panels, so that the increase in energy produced does not justify the extra cost of buying them. Never choose hybrid panels if there

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is space on your roof to fit the same amount of power with crystalline panels, otherwise you will just be paying a lot more to generate the same amount of electricity

Black Frames and Black Backed Panels

For some reason in our crazy UK market, many people are now offering completely black panels, not only with black frames, but also with a black backing behind the cells instead of the traditional white. It is true that these do give a much better appearance, particularly on slate roofs or old traditional cottages with dark coloured plain tiles.

However, the problem with having a black backing, is that black absorbs light and heat from the sun. this means that you do not get the extra benefit of some of the sunlight being reflected back onto the cells by the backing material. Also, the panels get hotter. Solar cells, like most electrical equipment, are more efficient when they are cooler, so that panels with black backs are always going to perform less effectively than ones with standard white backing.

If you are concerned about the appearance on your property, then we would recommend having a halfway house of using a panel with black anodised outer frame, instead of standard aluminium, but still have a white backing material. REC, as an example, have told us that they are not even going to produce a black backed module, because their main concern is always to try to improve the electricity that their PV panels generate and black backing is a retrograde step.

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RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SUSTAINABILITYRENEWABLE ENERGY OFFERS

WIND TURBINES

WE STRUCTURE SMART SYSTEM GRID AND INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES WITH NATIONAL POWER SYSTEM SMART WAY.

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HV GRID OVER HEAD 154 kV

SOLAR FARM 25%

WIND FARM 34%

SOLAR THERMAL PLANT

HYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT

52%

20%

COMBINED CYCLE GAS POWER PLANT

87%

BIO MASS ELECTRIC GENERATION

83%

WORK STATIONS

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http://www.aimsmartbuilding.com/aimnetis.html

Total System Levelized Cost (the rightmost column) gives the dollar cost per megawatt-hour that must be charged over time in order to pay for the total cost. These calculations reflect an adjustment to account for the high level of carbon dioxide produced by coal plants. From the EIA report:"a 3-percentage point increase in the cost of capital is added when evaluating investments in greenhouse gas (GHG) intensive technologies like coal-fired power and coal-to-liquids (CTL) plants without carbon control and sequestration (CCS). While the 3-percentage point adjustment is somewhat arbitrary, in levelized cost terms its impact is similar to that of a $15 per metric ton of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions fee. ... As a result, the levelized capital costs of coal-fired plants without CCS are higher than would otherwise be expected."[11]No tax credits or incentives are incorporated in the tables. From the EIA report (emphasis added):"Levelized cost ... represents the per-kilowatthour cost (in real dollars) of building and operating a generating plant over an assumed financial life and duty cycle. Key inputs to calculating levelized costs include overnight capital costs, fuel costs, fixed and variable operations and maintenance (O&M) costs, financing costs, and an assumed utilization rate for each plant type/. ... The availability of various incentives, including state or federal tax credits, can also impact the calculation of levelized cost. The values shown in the tables in this discussion do not incorporate any such incentives."[11]All generating types are assumed to have the same 30-year cost recovery period, regardless of the expected lifetime of the plant. From the EIA report:"The levelized cost shown for each utility-scale generation technology in the tables in this discussion are calculated based on a 30-year cost recovery period, using a real after tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 6.6 percent. I"[11]Incentives, tax credits, production mandates, etc. are discussed in the overall comprehensive EIA report: "Annual Energy Outlook 2012".[12][13][14]Photovoltaics (solar PV) can be used both by distributed residential or commercial users and utility scale power plants. The costs shown are for utility scale photovoltaic power plants.[15]

http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/capitalcost/

9221.renewable energy

Engineering

Transcript of 9221.renewable energy