9/21/2015 1 Absolute Monarchy in Europe World Studies Chapter 21.
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Transcript of 9/21/2015 1 Absolute Monarchy in Europe World Studies Chapter 21.
04/19/23 1
Absolute Monarchy in Europe
World StudiesChapter 21
04/19/23 2
Absolutism
Absolute Monarchs– Kings or queens who believed that
they held all power– Divine right
God created the MonarchyMonarchs were God’s representative
on earth.
04/19/23 3
Philip II
Defended Catholicism– Ottoman Muslims– English Protestants
Inherited Spanish Empire from father, Charles V
Inherited Portugal from uncle
04/19/23 4
Philip II
By the time it was all said and done, Philip had the following territories outside of Europe:– Spanish claims in North America– Portuguese claims in South America– Portuguese claims in Africa
04/19/23 5
Spanish Problems
Inflation from rise in population Taxes Trade Deficit
Don Quixote– By Cervantes– Portrayed corrupt, materialistic life in Spain
04/19/23 6
Dutch Revolt
Spanish owed Netherlands Dutch were Calvinists William of Orange (Dutch Leader) Drove Spanish out with water Northern Netherlands became
independent. Dutch establish trading empire
04/19/23 7
Rembrandt
The Syndics
04/19/23 8
Jan Vermeer
Woman Weighing Pearls (1662-64)
04/19/23 9
French Monarchs: The Bourbon Dynasty
04/19/23 10
Henry IV
1st King of the Bourbon DynastyConverted to Catholicism
– “Paris is well worth a Mass”Edict of Nantes
– Declared that Protestants could live in peace
– Set up places of worship
04/19/23 11
Cardinal Richelieu
Aide for Louis XIII In reality, ruled France Steps to improve the monarchy
– Moved against Huguenots– Weakened nobles power– Tried to make France the strongest
country in Europe
04/19/23 12
Skepticism
Nothing is ever known for certain Michel de Montaigne
– Developed the essay– “All that is certain is that nothing is
certain.” René Descartes
– Used observations to answer questions
04/19/23 13
Louis XIV
Boy King-became king at age 5 Cardinal Mazarin Louis takes control at age 23. Increased the power of intendants or
gov’t agents.
04/19/23 14
Louis XIV
Jean Baptiste Colbert– Mercantilism-countries export more
than they import to protect their economies.
– What is a tariff?
Tax on importsTax on imports
04/19/23 15
Louis XIV
Canceled the Edict of Nantes Controlled nobles by having them
work for him. Versailles-king’s palace
04/19/23 16
Louis XIV
Invasions– Spanish Netherlands (1667)– Dutch Netherlands (1672)
Gained Several townsDrained French treasury
04/19/23 17
Louis XIV
– War of Spanish Succession (1700-13)Conflict over who took over for
Charles II of SpainTreaty of Utrecht
– Louis’ grandson crowned King of Spain
– France could not unite with Spain
04/19/23 18
Thirty Years War
Fought between Hapsburg countries (Spain, Austria, Germany) and Protestant countries + France
Causes – Spread of Calvinism– Closing of Protestant churches by
Ferdinand II– Conflict of power among Europe’s leaders
04/19/23 19
Thirty Years War
Peace of Westphalia– Weakened Spain and Austria– France gained German territory– German princes were independent of Holy
Roman Empire– Ended religious wars in Europe– New methods of negotiation
04/19/23 20
Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible)
Inherited throne in 1533 (Age 3) Boyars
– Landowning nobles– Tried to control Ivan as a boy
First Czar of Russia (Age 16) Good period (1547-1560)-seized lands
for Russia, including Siberia
04/19/23 21
Ivan the Terrible
“Bad Period”– After Anastasia’s (Ivan’s wife) death, he
would kill anybody considered a traitor.– Killed son who he trained to inherit throne
Time of Troubles– Period after Ivan’s death– Ivan’s other son was unable to rule.
04/19/23 22
Peter the Great
Ruled 1696-1725 Goal was to Westernize Russia
– Introduced Potatoes– Started first Russian newspaper– Increased women’s status by attending
social gatherings– Forced nobles to dress in Western clothing
04/19/23 23
Opening Activity
Name the five rights guaranteed by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution.
04/19/23 24
English Monarchs vs. Parliament
Charles I– Struggle over use of money– Petition of Right
No imprisonment w/o due causeNo taxes w/o Parliament’s consentNo quartering in private homesNo martial law in times of peace
04/19/23 25
English Civil War (1642-49)
Parliament was fed up with Charles’ need for money
Royalists-followers of the King Puritans-supporters of Parliament
– Led by Oliver Cromwell Puritans captured Charles & executed
him
04/19/23 26
The Restoration
Charles II– Asked to rule the country– Restored the monarchy– Restored theater, sports, dancing– Habeas corpus-right to a trial
04/19/23 27
Glorious Revolution
Overthrow of James II by William and Mary
Constitutional Monarchy-ruler’s power is limited by law
04/19/23 28
English Bill of Rights
No suspending of Parliament’s laws No taxation w/o Parliament’s consent Freedom of speech Freedom of petition Cabinet-link between Parliament and
the Monarch.