911 commission report for SDSU EDTEC Performance Improvement Class

Performance Technology Perspective on the

9-11 Commission ReportInformation Sharing

April FoilesMike TeamanPatricia GuthrieWyn Jamison Nicholas GladingKathleen Borsos-Wooley

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Information Sharing:IntroductionInformation Sharing:Introduction

• Information sharing & 9/11 What actually happened?

• Optimal performance of information sharing Where do we need to be?

• Drivers & barriers to information sharing What are the key factors to get us there?

• Suggested Solution System

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Information Sharing:ActualsInformation Sharing:Actuals

What happened?

– Information which potentially could have prevented 9/11 was not shared and utilized by the appropriate agencies.

Including: names of key terrorists, attack plans, and activities. Each agency had a different piece of the puzzle. Critical information could not be accessed by those who could use it. Information was pushed upwards awaiting top level approval and

dissemination, only to be bogged down, rather than shared horizontally between agencies where swift action could be taken.

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Information Sharing:ActualsInformation Sharing:Actuals

Why could information not be shared?

– Agency databases inadequate Not designed for inter-agency sharing Not designed for analysis of historical data Do not incorporate local agencies

– Cultures of agencies Cold War cultures required absolute secrecy Agencies collect and analyze information differently

• CIA - successful predictions

• FBI - successful convictions

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Information Sharing:FBI & CIA (for example)

Information Sharing:FBI & CIA (for example)

Agency FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation

CIA Central Intelligence Agency

What is it? Law enforcement agency Intelligence agency

Mission Convict criminals. Predict world events.

Method Find specific evidence that they can use in court.

Secrecy is all important. Never reveal sources. Watch criminals.

Scope United States of America Everywhere EXCEPT the USA

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Information Sharing:The “Optimal” OccurrenceInformation Sharing:The “Optimal” Occurrence

Where do we need to be?

– Information Sharing Organizations should provide incentives for sharing. Participation from all levels of government under one shared mission.

– Information Sharing Procedures Information should be processed, reported, and distributed according to a

uniform set of high standards. Information should be shared horizontally between agencies.

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– Leadership President should lead agency information reform.

• Establishment of the Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC)

Sharing and use of information must be directed by practical guidelines.

– Building Trust Procedures must take into account the people, the nation’s business –

and must spend taxpayer money judiciously.

– Let’s Move Things Along!

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– Exemplars: Communities of Practice - local, state, & federal agency response teams

2002 Olympics (State of Utah & Pentagon’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency)

CATIC (California Anti-Terrorism Information Center) working with Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and NYC Police Department

FBI Dallas Office’s Emergency Response Network (800+ public & private agencies)

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Information Sharing:Drivers & BarriersInformation Sharing:Drivers & Barriers

What are the key factors that need to be addressed in order to achieve optimal information sharing?

– Skills/Knowledge Border, screening, and immigration agents don’t know what to look for or

what to share. Agencies have different approaches to gathering and using intelligence

that are not integrated into a unified effort.

– Motivation Border, screening, and immigration agents don’t have confidence

screening for possible terrorist threats. Agencies don’t value information sharing due to Cold War cultures still

present that required absolute security of sources and information.

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– Environment No joint mission or agency to manage it. No standardized system or coordinated database in place for information

collecting and sharing. No communication system to unify all intelligence gathering sources. Analysis of intelligence scattered amongst agencies with no collaboration

of efforts and information. Although civil liberties & privacy rights need to be ensured, security

requirements nurture over classification and excessive compartmentalization of information.

No top level leadership to encourage sharing.

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– Incentives Agencies have “need to know” cultures, rather than “need to share”

• Few rewards (& possibly punishment) for information sharing

• No punishment for not sharing

Lack of inter-agency trust with sharing sources and methods.

Funding incentives encourage individual agency successes, rather than success of joint mission amongst all agencies.

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Information Sharing:Solution SystemInformation Sharing:Solution System

A solution with a common vision…

– Government restructuring Presidential leadership promoting information sharing

National Intelligence Director (NID) to direct and manage international, domestic and defense intelligence agencies

Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC)• Coordinate national defense against terrorism• Ensure horizontal information sharing• Maintain and analyze shared information database systemically

Joint CIA-FBI anti-terrorism task force• Funded and managed as independent agency

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– Knowledge Management System Networked National Community

• Ground-up NOT Top-down Approach

• Integrated NOT Stove-piped

• Horizontal access for all levels of government

Robust Information System• Redundancy - reduces dependency on any one “arm”

• Interoperability - flexibility; uses existing systems

• Open standards - connectivity, consistency

• Safeguards Civil Liberties Review and permission structure Audit trail of information access

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– Systematic Training & Process Development Scenario and data collection training, including performance support

tools, for border, screening, and immigration agents

• Incorporate mentoring and coaching systems using top performers

• Online community of practice to maintain learning and optimal performance

Feedback systems that promote sharing and discourage withholding

Standardized system for gathering, analyzing and sharing information

Standardized system for communication amongst local and federal agencies

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Information Sharing:9-11 Commission ResourcesInformation Sharing:9-11 Commission Resources

• National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (also known as the 9-11 Commission)

http://www.9-11commission.gov/

• The September 11 Digital Archive

http://911digitalarchive.org/

• The Family Steering Committee for the 9-11 Independent Commission

http://www.911independentcommission.org/

911 commission report for SDSU EDTEC Performance Improvement Class

Education

Transcript of 911 commission report for SDSU EDTEC Performance Improvement Class