9th Grade Health

First Aid

Thinking Questions• Why do you think you or someone else might hesitate to help the

victim?

• What are some consequences of helping the victim? (positive and negative)

• What are some consequences of not helping the victim (positive and negative)

Imagine you are outside your house getting the mail, and a man you do not

know collapses to the ground while taking his dog for a walk.

First Aid

Good Samaritan Law

• Do you think the Good Samaritan Law is a good thing or not? Why?

What is the Good Samaritan Law?A law protecting those who help the injured or ill from liability.

What is First Aid?The immediate care given to someone who becomes injured or ill until regular medical care can be provided.

What is Consent?Permission given by a victim to someone willing to provide treatment. If the victim cannot respond, there is implied consent.

What does Conscious mean?It is when a person is aware of his or her surroundings.

What does Unconscious mean?It is when a person is unable to respond.

Words to Know…

1. Check for Danger2. Check for Response3. Call 9114. Provide Care

The 4c’s of First Aid

REMEMBERCHECKCHECKCALLCARE

First Aid Kit

What are some things that would be important to include in a First Aid Kit?

Where are some convenient places to keep First Aid Kits?

Protecting Yourself

Gloves• Protect against blood born illnesses• Must be removed properly• Must be disposed of properly

Breathing Barriers• Have a 1 way valve• Not always available

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzns6vTTp0Q

Pop QuizWhat are the 4 C’s of First Aid?

1. Check for Danger2. Check for Response3. Call 9114. Provide Care

LacerationA cut in the skin that is usually deep enough torequire stitches

AbrasionA scrape or brush burn

PunctureA hole in the skin caused by a sharp object

Wounds

What type of accidents causethese types of wounds?

WARNING!The following slides are extremely graphic!

NAME THAT WOUND

A large piece of glass is sticking out of your wrist

You sliced your finger open on a knife.

Your little brother slid down the stairs and has carpet burn on the back of his legs.

You have a long cut on your arm from the corner of a cabinet.

You fell off your bike and your elbow is bleeding from scraping the road.

Laceration

Abrasion

Puncture

TreatmentTreatment

Laceration

1. Clean the wound with soap and water, or peroxide.2. Use a clean cloth to apply pressure.3. Use an antibiotic cream to prevent infection4. Apply a sterile bandage Tightly.

Abrasion

1. Clean the wound with soap and water or Peroxide2. Use a clean cloth to apply Pressure3. Use an Antibiotic cream to prevent infection4. Apply a sterile bandage Loosely

Puncture

**If the wound is Deep or in a critical area, leave the foreign object in! Call 911 and Immobilize the object.**1. For minor punctures, completely remove foreign objects2. Use a clean cloth to apply pressure3. Use an antibiotic cream to prevent Infection4. Apply a sterile bandage

Treatment1. Sit down2. Tilt your head slightly Forward. (Leaning Back may cause blood to

flow down the back of the throat, which tastes bad and may cause gagging, coughing or vomiting.

3. Gently Pinch your nose. Use your thumb and Index finger and breathe through your Mouth. Continue for about 5-10 minutes.

To Prevent Rebleeding: Do not Bend Over or Blow Your Nose for several hours after bleeding stops.

Nosebleeds

SprainA stretch or tear of a ligament (connects bone to bone)

StrainA stretch or tear of a tendon(connects bone to muscle)

Soft Tissue Injuries

Simple FractureA broken bone that does not break through the skin

Compound FractureA broken bone that breaks through the tissue and skin

Fractures

WARNING!The following slides are extremely graphic!

NAME THAT INJURY

The RICE MethodR:RestI: IceC: CompressionE: Elevation

Treatment

Sprains and Strains1. Stop activity right away2. Use the RICE method for the

first 48 hours after the injury3. Use supportive devices when

returning to activity such as: Tape Braces Ankle Savers*Monitor the injury for problems

in the future

Treatment for Fractures 1. Call 9112. Stabilize the victim until

emergency care arrives3. If you must move the victim

because the situation Becomes Unsafe, immobilize the injury.

***Fractures Require Immediate Care

Burns

Burns: Defined

Type of Burn Definition

1st Degree: Only the Epidermis, or outer layer of skin, is burned. The skin usually Red and swells with pain.

2nd Degree: The Outer layer of skin is burned through and the 2nd layer (called the Dermis) becomes red and blotchy. If the burn is less than 2-3 inches in diameter, treat it as a Minor burn. If it is larger or on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, treat as a Major burn.

3rd Degree: A major burn that involves all layers of the Skin, Tissue, Muscle or even Bone. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white.

WARNING!Graphic Burn Pictures Ahead

Treatment for Minor Burns1. Cool the burn. Immediately hold the burn under Cool Water

until the pain subsides. Do not put Ice directly on the burn.2. Cover the burn by wrapping it Loosely with Sterile Bandages.3. Take OTC (Over The Counter) pain reliever.

Treatment for Major Burns4. Call 911 immediately!5. Provide care by removing any smoldering or hot materials

from the victim. 6. Do not immerse Major burns in Water.7. Check for response and Begin CPR if necessary.8. Wrap the burn with cool, moist, sterile bandages or moist

towels.

Burns: Treatment

Remember… The sun causes burns to skin and eyes too. Wear sunglasses, protective clothing and sunscreen to help prevent burns. Use Aloe to calm skin if you are burned. Overexposure to the sun can also cause Skin Cancer so protect yourself. Warm temperatures can also lead to heat illness.

Heal Illness SymptomsDehydration Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke

• Thirst• Dizziness

• Weight loss

• Feeling faint• Nausea

• Heavy sweating• Cool, moist skin

• Rapid heart beat• Rapid, shallow

breathing• No sweating• Confusion

• Unconsciousness• Fainting

Treatment…Treatment for Heat Exhaustion1.Call 911 if fainting, confusion, seizures, or a fever above 102˚F.2.Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning.3.Lay the victim down and Elevate legs and feet slightly after

Loosening or removing their clothing if able.4.Have the victim drink Cool Water, not a sports drink. Never give food

or water to an unconscious victim!5.Monitor the person carefully.

Treatment for Heat Stroke6.Call 911 immediately!7.Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning.8.Cool the person by covering them with damp Towels or spraying

them with Cool Water. Use a fan or newspaper to Give them air.

Animals can suffer from heat illness too! Give them plenty of water, a shady area to lay in and never leave them in a parked car.

Choking Vocab

Choking: When a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, stopping the flow of air.

Heimlich Maneuver: An emergency technique used to dislodge an object, such as food, from the trachea (windpipe) of a choking person.

What are some things that would be easy for a young child to choke on? How can we prevent

this type of emergency from happening?

Choking…

First Aid for Choking

First Aid for Choking1.Assess the Situation

• Is the victim able to speak?• Is the victim able to breathe?

2.Heimlich Maneuver3. Stand Behind the victim, wrap arms around

victim’s waist, and clasp your hands above victim’s navel but below ribcage.

4. Thrust Inward and Upward with enough force to pop loose the obstruction.

5. Repeat until obstruction is Removed or victim becomes Unconscious.

Stroke: What is it?

Stroke: When blood flow to the brain is interrupted because a blood vessel is blocked or breaks open.

Strokes can cause irreversible damage if not treated right away. You cannot provide this treatment, so it is critical that you recognize the symptoms and call 911 immediately. Label the following pictures with the acronym we use to remember the signs of a stroke.

Stroke…

Slurring

Face Arm Speech Time

Movie Time!

You will watch two short Youtube movies that explain how to respond to two different critical care emergencies. Use the blank space on the back of your first aid manual

to take notes on how to care for a victim in these situations. Notes can be taken in bulleted form and do

not have to be in complete sentences.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aroShSnkKUc

Hands Only CPRUSE WHEN AN ADULT SUDDENLY COLLAPSES

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgvnt8YA7r8

Allergic Reactions: Epi Pen Injection

USE ONLY IF AN EPI-PEN IS PRESCRIBED TO THIS VICTIM

Pop QuizWhat are the 4 C’s of First Aid?

1. Check for Danger2. Check for Response3. Call 9114. Provide Care