9 telencephalona
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Transcript of 9 telencephalona
paleocortex, archicortex (allocortex) – neurons in 3-5 layers
neocortex (isocortex) – neurons in 6 layers
peripaleocortex et periarchicortex = mesocortex
Telencephalic cortex - nomenclature
Location of main functional regions of telencephalic cortex
somatosenzory and senzory
motor
cortex of limbic forebrain
association cortex
Cortex out of somatosenzory, senzory and motor areas as Cortex out of somatosenzory, senzory and motor areas as well as cortex of limbic forebrainwell as cortex of limbic forebrain
injury of AC – it is difficult to test malfunction (changes) in psyche, injury of AC – it is difficult to test malfunction (changes) in psyche,
behaviour and perception surroundingsbehaviour and perception surroundings
the oldest association cortex in parietal, temporal and occipital the oldest association cortex in parietal, temporal and occipital
lobes – association of somatosenzory, senzory and motorlobes – association of somatosenzory, senzory and motor
functionsfunctions
the youngest association cortex – prefrontal cortex (a9-12) connectionthe youngest association cortex – prefrontal cortex (a9-12) connection
with other ACwith other AC
ASSOCIATION CORTEX
CORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - ICORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - I
Broca‘s (motor) cortical area - g. front. inf. a44, 45
for right-hander in L-hemisphere, for left-hander in R-hemisphere
• normal function with M-I, M-II and PM
• lesion - expressive aphasia – the lack of speech, but understanding is OK
Wernicke‘s (sensory) cortical area - a 22,39,40 in dominant hemi-
sphere
• condition for normal function – intact visual and auditory cortex
• lesion - receptive aphasia – the lack of understanding
CORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - IICORTICAL AREAS FOR SPEECH - II
Limbic system – classic conceptionPapez‘s circuit (James Papez 1939)
without specific functionwithout specific functionncl. anterior
thalami
gyrus parahippocampalishippocampus
ncl. mamillaris
gyru
s ci
ngul
i
tr. mammilo-thalamicus
fornix
RECENT CONCEPTION OF LIMBIC FOREBRAIN
• basomedial telencephalon, structures of diencephalon and
mesencephalon for emotion and motivation of our behavior
RRegular structuresegular structures
• g. cinguli, g. parahippocampalis, hippocampus, insular cortex
• area septalis, amygdalar ncll., hypothalamus (ncl. mammillaris)
• neocortical regions of forebrain - basal frontotemporal regions, orbital cortex, ventral striatum (pallidum)
• ncl. anterior et medialis dorsalis thalami
• habenulla
ncl. caudatus, putamen, globus pallidus, claustrum and amygdalar ncll.
functional: + thalamus, substantia nigra and ncl. subthalamicus
ncl. caudatus + putamen = neostriatum (striatum)
globus pallidus (ext. + int. segment) = paleostriatum (pallidum)
globus pallidus + putamen = ncl. lentiformis
BASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURESBASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURES
Basal ganglia
striatum (neostriatum)ncl. caudatusncl. caudatusputamenncl. accumbensncl. accumbens
dorzal striatum
ventral striatum
globus pallidus(pallidum, paleostriatum) med. (internal) seg.med. (internal) seg.
lat. (external) seg.lat. (external) seg.
dorsal pallidum
ventral pallidumsubstantia nigra
ncl. subthalamicus
ventralis tegmental area (VTA)
pars compacta
pars reticularispars reticularis
BASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURESBASAL GANGLIA AND RELATED STRUCTURES
VENTRAL PALIDUM ANDVENTRAL PALIDUM ANDVENTRAL STRIATUMVENTRAL STRIATUM
VENTRAL PALIDUM AND VENTRAL STRIATUMVENTRAL PALIDUM AND VENTRAL STRIATUM
A SCHEMATIC DRAWING OF 3D ARRANGEMENT OF SOMETELENCEFALIC STRUCTURES
Limbic system – classic conceptionPapez‘s circuit (James Papez 1939)
without specific functionwithout specific functionncl. anterior
thalami
gyrus parahippocampalishippocampus
ncl. mamillaris
gyru
s ci
ngul
i
tr. mammilo-thalamicus
fornix
RECENT CONCEPTION OF LIMBIC FOREBRAIN
• basomedial telencephalon, structures of diencephalon and
mesencephalon for emotion and motivation of our behavior
RRegular structuresegular structures
• g. cinguli, g. parahippocampalis, hippocampus, insular cortex
• area septalis, amygdalar ncll., hypothalamus (ncl. mammillaris)
• neocortical regions of forebrain - basal frontotemporal regions, orbital cortex, ventral striatum (pallidum)
• ncl. anterior et medialis dorsalis thalami
• habenulla