9. CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH.pptx

7/17/2019 9. CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH.pptx

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CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH

WATER

PBH 101

NSU -- PBH-101



INTRODUCTION:

Water is oe o! t"e #asi$ i%re&iets!or s'staii% (i!e)

A "'*a #o&+ $a s'r,i,e a#o't 0&a+s .it"o't !oo& #'t $a o(+s'r,i,e !or &a+s .it"o't .ater)

NSU -- PBH-101



DAIL/ REUIREMENT OFWATER:

T"e &ai(+ re'ire*et is *eas're& #+ 'si% t"e !or*'(a:

• Bo&+ .ei%"t i 2o'&s 3 4 5 No) o! o'$es o! 2're.ater re'ire& 2er &a+)

E6a*2(e: A 170 2o'& *a re'ires 170 3 4 5 80

o'$es o! .ater 2er &a+ )

9F('i&s a& 2're .ater are ot sa*e) Ma+ 'i&s s'$"as #e,era%es $otai s'%ar; $a<eie; a($o"o(;2reser,ati,es; a$i&s a& ot"er to6is ."i$" are

2ro$esse& #+ t"e #o&+ a& e6$rete&) F('i&s $otaii%to6i$ 2ro&'$ts $otri#'te to &e"+&ratio rat"er t"a"+&ratio o! o'r #o&+) So o'r #o&+ re'ires =P're.ater>; ot $o**er$ia( .ater

NSU -- PBH-101



CRITERIAS OF POLLUTEDWATER:

W"e .ater $otais:

• I!e$ti,e a& 2arasiti$ a%ets

•

Poisoo's $"e*i$a( s'#sta$es• I&'stria( .aste

• Ot"er "o'se? street .aste

•

Se.a%e)

NSU -- PBH-101



CRITERIAS OF SAFE AND

WHOLESOME WATER:

T"e .ater s"o'(&:

• Be $o*2(ete(+ !ree !ro* 2at"o%ei$ *i$roor%ais*s

• Cotai o $o*2o'& t"at $a $a'se a&,erse e<e$to "'*a "ea(t"

• Be !air(+ $(ear a& $o(or(ess

• Not #e sa(ie

• No o<esi,e taste or o&or

• Free !ro* "ar*!'( $"e*i$a( s'#sta$es

• Ha,e a te*2erat're a$$e2ta#(e to t"e $os'*ers

• Usa#(e !or &o*esti$ 2'r2ose

• Ca ot "ar*; ."e i%este& o,er 2ro(o%e& 2erio&)

NSU -- PBH-101



USE OF WATER:

Domestic use for

•Dri@i%; Was"i%; Bat"i%; ar&ei% a& F('s"i% toi(et

Public use for

•P'#(i$ $(easi%; Fire %"ti% a& ar&e *aitea$e

Industrial use for

•Pro$essi%; Coo(i%

Agriculture use for

•Irri%atio

•Other uses for

•Po.er 2ro&'$tio; Carr+ a.a+ .aste

NSU -- PBH-101



POLLUTION:

• Bio(o%i$a( "aar&s $a'se& #+ 2rese$e o! i!e$tio's a%et:

• Vira(: Vira( "e2atitis A a& E; Po(io*+e(itis; Rota ,ira(Diarr"ea

• Ba$teria(: C"o(era; T+2"oi&; Parat+2"oi&; Ba$i((ar+

&+seter+; E) $o(i &iarr"ea

•

Protooa: A*e#i$ &+seter+; iar&iasis

• He(*it"es: Ro'& .or* i!e$tio; T"rea& .or* i!e$tio

NSU -- PBH-101



C"e*i$a( "aar&s:

• To6i$ $o*2o'&s

• B(ea$"i% a%ets

•

Deter%et so(,et• Pi%*et a& &+es

• Hea,+ *eta(s

•

Or%ai$ a$i&

NSU -- PBH-101



HARDNESS OF WATER:

DEF: It is t"e soa2 &estro+i% 2o.er o!.ater) Lar%e a*o't o! soa2 isre'ire& to 2ro&'$e (at"er)

NSU -- PBH-101



T/PES OF HARDRDNESS:

• Te*2orar+ "ar&ess? Car#oate"ar&ess:

• T"is is &'e to t"e 2rese$e o!Ca($i'* #i$ar#oate a& Ma%esi'*#i$ar#oate)

•

• Per*aet "ar&ess?No $ar#oate"ar&ess:

• T"is is &'e to t"e 2rese$e o!Ca($i'* a& Ma%esi'* S'(2"et;NSU -- PBH-101



DISADVANTAES OF HARDWATER

• Cos'*e *ore soa2 a& &eter%et

• Hi%" !'e( $os'*2tio &'ri%"eati%

• A<e$ts $o(or a& a22eara$e o!$oo@e& !oo&

• Fa#ri$s .as"e& .it" "ar& .ater (oss(o%e,it+

• E$oo*i$ (oss i i&'stries

•

S"ortes t"e (i!e o! 2i2es a& 6t'resNSU -- PBH-101



REMOVAL OF HARDNESS

Te*2orar+ #+:

• Boi(i%

•Li*e 2ro$ess

• Li*e a& so&a as" 2ro$ess

Per*aet #+:

• A&&itio o! So&i'* #i$ar#oate

• Base e6$"a%e 2ro$ess

NSU -- PBH-101



SOURCES OF WATER

RAIN: It is t"e 2ri*e so'r$e o! a(( .ater

CHARACTERISTICS OF RAIN WATER:

– P'rest .ater i t"e at're

– It is $(ear; #ri%"t a& s2ar@(i%

– Ver+ so!t .ater

–

Disso(,e& so(i& i*2'rities are o(+ i tra$ea*o't

– It #e$o*es ,er+ (ess i*2're as it 2assest"ro'%" at*os2"ere

NSU -- PBH-101



SURFACE WATER

I*2o'&i% reser,oir ."ere (ar%e'atit+ o! .ater are store&)

E6a*2(e:

• Arti$ia((+ $ostr'$te& (a@es

• Da*2 a$ross t"e ri,er

•

Mo'tai strea*

NSU -- PBH-101



Ri,ers:

C"ara$teristi$s o! ri,er .ater:

• T'r#i& &'ri% rai+ seaso

•

Cotais a(( &isso(,e& a&s's2e&e& i*2'rities

• Ba$teria( $o't is ,er+ "i%"

NSU -- PBH-101



Sea .ater

C"ara$teristi$s o! sea .ater:

• Cotais )G sa(t i so('tio

• Desa(ti% a& &e*iera(iatio is "i%"(+

$ost(+Tans and !onds:

• C"ara$teristi$s o! 2o& .ater:

• T"e+ are (ar%e e6$a,atios i ."i$" s'r!a$e

.ater store&

• T"e+ are "i%"(+ $ota*iate&

• Da%ero's as a so'r$e o! &ri@i% .ater

NSU -- PBH-101



ROUND WATER:

C"ara$teristi$s o! %ro'& .ater:

• It is t"e $"ea2est a& *ost 2ra$ti$a( *eas o!2ro,i&i% .ater to s*a(( $o**'ities

•

It is %eera((+ $(ear a& $o(or(ess .it" (itt(e oro s's2e&e& so(i&s

• It "as re(ati,e(+ $ostat te*2erat're

• It is !ree !ro* *i$roor%ais*

• It $otais *iera(s o! ,ar+i% $o$etratio

• It is a#stra$te& #+ ista((atios o! t'#e .e((s!or s'22(+

NSU -- PBH-101



T/PES OF TUBEWELLS:

• "hallo# tube #ell: It is s'@ i tot"e rst .ater #eari% strat'*) It is$"ea2)

• Dee! tube #ell: It is 2re2are& #+&ri((i% t"ro'%" s'$$essi,e s'# strata

o! %ra,e( or ro$@) It is $ost(+ #'t i&ea(s'22(+

NSU -- PBH-101



PARTS OF A TUBE WELL:

• A 2i2e o! %a(,aie& iro

• A straier tte& at t"e #otto* o! t"e2i2e

• A "a& 2'*2 at t"e to2

• A .ater ti%"t $o$rete 2(at!or*

NSU -- PBH-101



PURIFICATION OF WATER:

"mall scale !uri$cation for domestic% house hold use

'arge scale !uri$cation for su!!l( #ater

T(!es of small scale !uri$cation:

• Boiling) Boi(i% o! .ater i #oi(i% 2oits !or G to 10 *i'tes

*hemical disinfection b(+

• B(ea$"i% 2o.&er

• C"(orie so('tio

• A('*

• C"(orie ta#(et

• Io&ie

,iltration+ B+ 'si% "o'se"o(& (ters

NSU -- PBH-101



Ste2s o! (ar%e s$a(e2'ri$atio:

• "torage: I re$ta%'(ar ta@s i ro.s) T"e+ are .aterti%"t; *a&e o! $e*et a& #ri$@s; t"i$@ess 1 *eter)

• ,iltration: T"ese are *e$"ai$a( (ters $osists o!

stee( $"a*#er $otaii% sa& a& %ra,e( '2 to a"ei%"t o! !eet) It a#sor#s #a$teria a& "e(2s2'ri$atio)

•

Distribution: T"e &istri#'tio is &oe t"ro'%" '&er&raia%e s+ste*) At t"e #otto* o! t"e (ter #e& t"ereare 2oro's a& 2er!orate& 2i2es; ."i$" ser,e as t"e

o't(et !or (tere& .ater)

NSU -- PBH-101



Than (ou

NSU -- PBH-101

9. CONCEPT OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH.pptx

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