-9 §«“¡ —¡æ—π∏Ï √ÿËßπ¿“ #2624C3 · 2017-11-09 · four sites including MJ1,...

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§” ”§—≠: ·¡≈ßπÈ” §«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ Õ”‡¿Õ°—≈¬“≥‘«—≤π“ ≈”πÈ”·¡à·®à¡

¿“§«‘™“™’««‘∑¬“ §≥–«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å·≈–‡∑§‚π‚≈¬’ ¡À“«‘∑¬“≈—¬√“™¿—Æ‡™’¬ß„À¡à*ºŸâπ‘æπ∏åª√– “πß“π, e-mail [email protected]

SWU Sci. J. Vol. 33 No. 1 (2017)118

Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University*Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected]

The Relationship between Diversity and Distributionof Aquatic Insect with Water Quality of Mae Chaem

Headwater streams, Kanlayaniwattana District,Chiang Mai Province

Rungnapa Tagun*, and Tatporn Kunpradid

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between diversity and distributionof aquatic insect with water quality in Mae Chaem headwater stream, Kanlayanitwatta district,Chiang Mai. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were sampled at Mae Chaem wadeable-headstream atfour sites including MJ1, MJ2, MJ3 and MJ4 from December 2014 to August 2015 usingD-frame net and obtained some physico-chemical parameter of water quality. A total of 8,889individuals belonging to 84 families and nine orders were examined. The most aquatic insectabundance were Diptera (54%), Ephemeroptera (26%), Coleoptera (8%), Trichoptera (6%),Odonata (4%), Hempitera (3%) and others (< 1%) respectively. The highest diversity index wasrecorded at MJ1, 2.564 and lowest diversity index was recorded at MJ2, 0.921. The highestevenness index was found at MJ1, 0.638 and lowest evenness index was found 0.521. In termsof the relative abundance, the most abundant taxa recorded was Chironomidae. The use ofbiological indices as BMWPThai score and ASPT and physical and chemical parameters ofstandard fresh-water surface to evaluate water quality showed that the water quality was moderateto good quality in each sampling sites.

Keywords: Aquatic insect, Biodiversity, Kanlayaniwattana district, Mae Chaem headwater stream

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SWU Sci. J. Vol. 33 No. 1 (2017)120

¿“æ∑’Ë 1 ®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß„πÕ”‡¿Õ°—≈¬“≥‘«—≤π“ [11]

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«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 (2560) 121

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3-N) „™â«‘∏’ Cadmium reduction ·≈–ÕÕ√å‚∏øÕ ‡øμ (Orthophosphate) „™â«‘∏’ Ascorbic acid „π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå ´÷Ëß«‘∏’°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’∑—ÈßÀ¡¥π’È„™â«‘∏’°“√μ“¡¡“μ√∞“π°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”·≈–πÈ”‡ ’¬ [12]

°“√‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß·¡≈ßπÈ”„™â D-frame net §«“¡∂’Ëμ“¢à“¬ 500 ‰¡‚§√‡¡μ√ ‚¥¬‡°Á∫√‘¡ΩíòßπÈ”¥â“π â“¬·≈–¢«“ ·∫àß‡ªìπ 3 ®ÿ¥¬àÕ¬„π·μà≈–¥â“π ®ÿ¥¬àÕ¬≈–ª√–¡“≥ 3 π“∑’ ‡æ◊ËÕ„Àâ§√Õ∫§≈ÿ¡∑ÿ°∂‘Ëπ∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà [13]®“°π—Èπ‡°Á∫≈ß Ÿà∂ÿßæ≈“ μ‘° ·≈–‡μ‘¡¥â«¬·Õ≈°ÕŒÕ≈å 70% π”μ—«Õ¬à“ß·¡≈ßπÈ”®”·π°„μâ°≈âÕß®ÿ≈∑√√»πå ‡μÕ√‘‚Õ Olympus SZ51 ‡æ◊ËÕ®”·π° —≥∞“π«‘∑¬“„Àâ∂÷ß√–¥—∫«ß»å (Family) ‚¥¬„™âÀπ—ß ◊ÕÕπÿ°√¡«‘∏“π[14, 15] ®“°π—Èππ—∫®”π«π ·≈–∫—π∑÷°º≈

°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§à“ªí®®—¬∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’¢ÕßπÈ”„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß„π·μà≈–‡¥◊Õπ¥â«¬°“√

«‘‡§√“–Àå§«“¡·ª√ª√«π®”·π°∑“ß‡¥’¬« (One-Way ANOVA) ¥â«¬«‘∏’ Tukey test [16] π”¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·¡≈ßπÈ” ·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’∑’Ë‰¥âπ”¡“«‘‡§√“–Àå°“√®—¥°≈ÿà¡§«“¡‡À¡◊Õπ§«“¡·μ°μà“ß„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥»÷°…“¥â«¬°“√®—¥°≈ÿà¡·∫∫ Ward Linkage ¥â«¬«‘∏’ cluster analysis [17] √«¡∂÷ß»÷°…“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬∑“ß™’«¿“æ‚¥¬„™â«‘∏’ Shannon-Wiener Index ¥—™π’§«“¡ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„π°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¥â«¬«‘∏’ Pielouûs Evenness Index ·≈–»÷°…“Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õßªí®®—¬∑“ß¥â“π°“¬¿“æ ‡§¡’∑’Ë àßº≈μàÕ°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”¥â«¬«‘∏’ multivariate analysis ¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§ canonical corresponding analysis [18] °“√»÷°…“§«“¡™ÿ°™ÿ¡ —¡æ—∑∏å¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”‚¥¬°“√· ¥ß¿“æ¥â«¬ Heat map [19] ‚¥¬°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„™â·æ§‡°® Vegan ‚ª√·°√¡ R studio (R core team version 3.3.1) [20] ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈·¡≈ßπÈ”∑—ÈßÀ¡¥¡“‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫®”π«πμ—« ®”π«π«ß»å ·≈–Õ—π¥—∫∑’Ëæ∫„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥»÷°…“ ·≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß ·≈â«π”‰ª‡∑’¬∫¡“μ√∞“π§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”‚¥¬„™â BMWPThai score (Biological Monitoring Working Party) ·≈–π”‰ªÀ“§à“ASPT (Average Score Per Taxa) [3, 21] μ“¡≈”¥—∫

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º≈°“√∑¥≈Õß¥â“π™’«¿“æ°“√°√–®“¬μ—«·≈–§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”

°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫·¡≈ßπÈ”∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 8,889 μ—« „π 9 Õ—π¥—∫ 84 «ß»å ‚¥¬æ∫°≈ÿà¡ ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ„πÕ—π¥—∫ Diptera À√◊Õ°≈ÿà¡μ—«ÕàÕπ·¡≈ß Õßªï°¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥§‘¥‡ªìπ 4,791 μ—« (54%) √Õß≈ß¡“§◊ÕÕ—π¥—∫Ephemeroptera À√◊Õ°≈ÿà¡μ—«ÕàÕπ·¡≈ß™’ª–¢“« 2,275 μ—« (25.7%) Õ—π¥—∫ Coleoptera À√◊Õ°≈ÿà¡μ—«ÕàÕπ¥â«ßªï°·¢Áß 689 μ—« (7.8%) Õ—π¥—∫ Trichoptera À√◊Õμ—«ÕàÕπ·¡≈ßÀπÕπª≈Õ°πÈ” 500 μ—« (5.6%)Õ—π¥—∫ Odonata À√◊Õ°≈ÿà¡·¡≈ßªÕ 342 μ—« (3.9%) Õ—π¥—∫ Hemiptera °≈ÿà¡¡«ππÈ” 253 μ—« (2.9%)Plecoptera °≈ÿà¡·¡≈ß‡°“–À‘π 17 μ—« (0.2%) °≈ÿà¡μ—«ÕàÕπº’‡ ◊ÈÕπÈ” 12 μ—« ·≈– Megaloptera °≈ÿà¡·¡≈ß™â“¡°√“¡‚μ 9 μ—« (< 0.1%) μ“¡≈”¥—∫ (¿“æ∑’Ë 2-1)

‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß®”π«π«ß»å„π·μà≈–Õ—π¥—∫¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”æ∫¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π®ÿ¥‡°Á∫MJ4 æ∫ 58 «ß»å √Õß¡“§◊Õ MJ3 æ∫ 57 «ß»å MJ1 æ∫ 52 ·≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫ MJ2 æ∫πâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ 37 «ß»åμ“¡≈”¥—∫ ®“°¿“æ∑’Ë 2-2 ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“®ÿ¥‡°Á∫ MJ1 Õ—π¥—∫∑’Ë¡’®”π«π«ß»åÀ≈“°À≈“¬∑’Ë ÿ¥§◊Õ Trichopteraæ∫ 11 «ß»å ®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ2 §◊ÕÕ—π¥—∫¢Õß Diptera æ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 10 «ß»å MJ3 æ∫Õ—π¥—∫¢Õß OdonataÀ√◊Õ°≈ÿà¡·¡≈ßªÕ∑’Ë 15 «ß»å ·≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ4 æ∫Õ—π¥—∫¢Õß Odonata ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß®”π«π«ß»å‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π§◊Õ 13 «ß»å ¥—ß· ¥ß„π¿“æ∑’Ë 2-2

¿“æ∑’Ë 2 2-1) —¥ à«π°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”„πμâππÈ” Õ”‡¿Õ°—≈¬“≥‘«—≤π“ 2-2) ®”π«π«ß»å¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”„πμâππÈ”Õ”‡¿Õ°—≈¬“≥‘«—≤π“μ“¡®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß„πμâππÈ”

(2-1) (2-2)

«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 (2560) 123

§à“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬§à“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß Shannon-Wiener · ¥ß„Àâ‡ÀÁπ∂÷ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß®”π«π

™π‘¥·≈–®”π«πμ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”∑’Ëæ∫ [22, 23] ®“°º≈°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå∑’Ë‰¥âæ∫«à“®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ1 ¡’§à“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ 2.564 μË” ÿ¥∑’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ2 ¡’§à“ 0.921 ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß„π·μà≈–‡¥◊Õπæ∫«à“ MJ2 „π‡¥◊Õπæƒ…¿“§¡ §à“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬μË” ÿ¥§◊Õ 0.607 Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ1 „π‡¥◊Õπ ‘ßÀ“§¡ ¡’§à“ 2.504 ¥—ß¿“æ∑’Ë 3-1 ·≈– 3-2

¿“æ∑’Ë 3 3-1) · ¥ß§à“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬„π®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑—Èß 4 ®ÿ¥‡°Á∫ ·≈– 3-2) ®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß„π·μà≈–‡¥◊Õπ

§«“¡ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„π°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ” (Evenness)§«“¡ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„π°“√°√–®“¬μ—«π—ÈπÀ¡“¬∂÷ß —¥ à«π¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ™π‘¥μà“ßÊ ∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà ®“°°“√»÷°…“

æ∫«à“§à“§«“¡ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„π°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”æ∫«à“¡’§à“·μ°μà“ß°—π„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫´÷Ëß§à“ Evennessπ’ÈÀ“°¡’§à“‡¢â“„°≈â 1 · ¥ß«à“¡’§«“¡ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„π°“√°√–®“¬μ—« Ÿß ‚¥¬®ÿ¥‡°Á∫∑’Ë MJ1 ¡’§à“§«“¡ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„π°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥„π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È¡’§à“‡∑à“°—∫ 0.638 √Õß¡“§◊Õ®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë MJ3 ¡’§à“ 0.612®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ4 ¡’§à“ 0.555 ·≈–§à“μË” ÿ¥æ∫∑’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë MJ2 ¡’§à“ 0.521 ¥—ß¿“æ∑’Ë 4

§«“¡™ÿ°™ÿ¡ —¡æ—∑∏å (Relative abundance)§«“¡™ÿ°™ÿ¡ —¡æ—∑∏å§◊ÕÕ—μ√“ à«π¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”·μà≈–«ß»åμàÕ®”π«πª√–™“°√∑—ÈßÀ¡¥„π®ÿ¥‡°Á∫

μ—«Õ¬à“ß„π·μà≈–‡¥◊Õπ„π°“√‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß´÷Ëß‡ªìπ°“√‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ°≈ÿà¡π—ÈπÊ ‰¥â‡ªìπÕ¬à“ß¥’ «à“¡’°“√‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß¡“°¢÷ÈπÀ√◊ÕπâÕ¬≈ßÕ¬à“ß‰√ ‚¥¬º≈°“√»÷°…“æ∫«à“·¡≈ßπÈ”∑’Ë‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¥àπæ∫∑ÿ°®ÿ¥»÷°…“ ·≈–¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°§◊Õ«ß»å Chironomidae æ∫«à“·¡≈ßπÈ”„π«ß»åπ’Èæ∫®”π«πμ—«¡“°∑’Ë®ÿ¥»÷°…“∑’ËMJ2 ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫«ß»å Baetidae (¿“æ∑’Ë 5) ´÷Ëß·¡≈ßπÈ”°≈ÿà¡π’È∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ß§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”‰¡à¥’¡“°π—° [3]

(3-1) (3-2)

SWU Sci. J. Vol. 33 No. 1 (2017)124

°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß™’«¿“æ BMWP score (Biological Monitoring Working Party score)·≈– ASPT (Average Score Per Taxa)

μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 §à“ BWMPTH score ·≈– ASPT „π·μà≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ßμâππÈ” 4 ®ÿ¥ Õ”‡¿Õ°—≈¬“≥‘«—≤π“®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à √–À«à“ß‡¥◊Õπ∏—π«“§¡ æ.». 2557 ∂÷ß ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». 2558

Sites BMWPThai score ASPT §ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”*

MJ1 270 6.58 ª“π°≈“ß ∂÷ß§àÕπ¢â“ß¥’ (2)MJ2 152 5.84 ª“π°≈“ß (3)MJ3 270 6.27 ª“π°≈“ß∂÷ß§àÕπ¢â“ß¥’ (2-3)MJ4 237 6.41 ª“π°≈“ß ∂÷ß§àÕπ¢â“ß¥’(2-3)

®“°μ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 °“√ª√–‡¡‘π§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß™’«¿“æ¥â«¬ BMWPThai score ·≈– ASPT æ∫«à“§à“BMWPThai score Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ1 ·≈– MJ3 ¡’§à“ 270 μË” ÿ¥∑’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ2 ¡’§à“270 ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕ«‘‡§√“–ÀåÀ“§à“ ASPT æ∫«à“¡’§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë MJ1 ¡’§à“ 6.58 §ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±åª“π°≈“ß∂÷ß§àÕπ¢â“ß¥’ ·≈–μË”®ÿ¥∑’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ2 ¡’§à“ 5.84 §ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”®—¥Õ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±åª“π°≈“ß

¿“æ∑’Ë 4 §à“ ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ„π°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß

«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 (2560) 125

¿“æ∑’Ë 5 · ¥ß§«“¡™ÿ°™ÿ¡ —¡æ—∑∏å¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”„π®ÿ¥»÷°…“·μà≈–‡¥◊Õπ‡ª√’¬∫‡∑’¬∫°—π Õ”‡¿Õ°—≈¬“≥‘«—≤π“®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à √–À«à“ß‡¥◊Õπ∏—π«“§¡ æ.». 2557 ∂÷ß ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». 2558

À¡“¬‡Àμÿ MJ1.1; ®ÿ¥ 1 ‡¥◊Õπ∏—π«“§¡ æ.». 2557, MJ1.2; ®ÿ¥ 1 ‡¥◊Õπæƒ…¿“§¡ æ.». 2558,MJ1.3; ®ÿ¥ 1 ‡¥◊Õπ ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». 2558

MJ2.1; ®ÿ¥ 2 ‡¥◊Õπ∏—π«“§¡ æ.». 2557, MJ2.2; ®ÿ¥ 2 ‡¥◊Õπæƒ…¿“§¡ æ.». 2558,MJ2.3; ®ÿ¥ 2 ‡¥◊Õπ ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». 2558



SWU Sci. J. Vol. 33 No. 1 (2017)126

ªí®®—¬¥â“¬°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’„π∑—Èß ’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß„π·μà≈–‡¥◊Õππ—Èπæ∫«à“¡’§à“·μ°μà“ß°—π „π

·μà≈–®ÿ¥∑’Ë‡°Á∫ ·≈–§√—Èß∑’Ë‡°Á∫ à«π„À≠à¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—πμ“¡ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë»÷°…“ ‚¥¬æ∫«à“ Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘Õ“°“» ·≈–Õÿ≥À¿Ÿ¡‘πÈ”¡’§à“ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ë MJ4 „π‡¥◊Õπæƒ…¿“§¡ ´÷Ëß‡ªìπƒ¥Ÿ√âÕπ ·≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ßπ’È¡’≈—°…≥–‡ªî¥‚≈àß°«â“ß ‰¡à¡’√à¡‰¡â„À≠àª°§≈ÿ¡ pH ¡’§à“Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 5.6-8 §à“ DO ¡’§à“Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 4.6-7.7 mg.l-1 ‚¥¬§à“ DO μË” ÿ¥∑’Ë‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ2.3 4.6 mg.l-1 §à“ BOD Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 0.2-1.7mg.l-1 §à“ Conductivity Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 53-196 μs.cm-1 §à“ Turbidity Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 7.3-64 mg.l-1 §à“NO3

--N Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß ND-0.83 mg.l-1 §à“ Orthophosphate Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 0.09-0.38 mg.l-1 ·≈–§à“ NH4+-N

Õ¬Ÿà√–À«à“ß 0.16-0.63 mg.l-1 ¥—ß· ¥ß„πμ“√“ß∑’Ë 2®“°°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–¢ÕßπÈ” æ∫«à“ „π∫“ß®ÿ¥»÷°…“¡’≈—°…≥–¢Õßªí®®—¬∑“ß°“¬¿“æ ‡§¡’

√«¡∂÷ß§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”·μ°μà“ß®“°®ÿ¥Õ◊ËπÊ ∑’Ë¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫≈—°…≥–¢Õß®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß·≈–ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ ‚¥¬®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß®ÿ¥»÷°…“·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’ ¥â«¬«‘∏’ cluster analysisæ∫«à“®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß·≈–§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’ “¡“√∂®—¥°≈ÿà¡‰¥â 2 °≈ÿà¡„À≠à§◊Õ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 1 §◊ÕMJ2 ∑—Èß “¡‡¥◊Õπ ·≈– MJ4 „π‡¥◊Õπ ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». 2558 ‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“¥Ÿ§à“§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’æ∫«à“¡’§à“∑’ËπâÕ¬°«à“®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ◊ËπÊ ¥—ß· ¥ß„π¿“æ∑’Ë 6-1 Õ¬à“ß‰√°Áμ“¡ °“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”æ∫«à“ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈¡’º≈μàÕ°“√®—¥°≈ÿà¡ ‚¥¬¡’°“√·∫àß°≈ÿà¡‡ªìπ 2 °≈ÿà¡„À≠à‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π§◊Õ °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë 1 ®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’ËMJ2 MJ3 ·≈– MJ4 „π‡¥◊Õπæƒ…¿“§¡ ´÷Ëß¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ß¢Õß®”π«π·≈–™π‘¥°≈ÿà¡·¡≈ßπÈ”®“°®ÿ¥»÷°…“Õ◊ËπÊÕ¬à“ß™—¥‡®π (¿“æ∑’Ë 6-2)

¿“æ∑’Ë 6 6-1) °“√®—¥°≈ÿà¡√–À«à“ß®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ßμ“¡§ÿ≥ ¡∫—μ‘∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’¢ÕßπÈ” ·≈– 6-2)°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”√–À«à“ß®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß

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SWU Sci. J. Vol. 33 No. 1 (2017)128

§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ‡§¡’ ·≈–·¡≈ßπÈ”°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’ °—∫·¡≈ßπÈ”¥â«¬‡∑§π‘§°“√

«‘‡§√“–Àå Canonical Correspondence analysis (CCA) ÷Ëß‡ªìπ‡∑§π‘§°“√À“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß‡¡∑√‘°¢Õß°≈ÿà¡·¡≈ßπÈ” ·≈–‡¡∑√‘°∑“ß¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ æ∫«à“°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ” ‰¡à‰¥â¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å™—¥‡®π°—∫ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈ À√◊Õ§√—Èß∑’Ë‡°Á∫ ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“·¡≈ßπÈ”¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫ªí®®—¬∑“ß°“¬¿“æ ·≈–‡§¡’∫“ßª√–°“√ ‡™àπ Psephenidae ·≈– Hydreanidae ´÷Ëßæ∫‡ªìπ™π‘¥‡¥àπ„π®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë MJ2.2 ·≈–MJ2.3 ´÷Ëßæ∫«à“‡ªìπ®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–§«“¡¢ÿàπ Ÿß πÕ°®“°π’È¬—ßæ∫°≈ÿà¡¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”„π°≈ÿà¡™’ª–¢“« ·≈–·¡≈ßÀπÕπª≈Õ°πÈ”∑’Ë∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ß§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”¥’ Õ“∑‘‡™àπ Lepidostomatidae LeptoceridaePotamanthidae ·≈– Perlidae „π®ÿ¥μâππÈ”≈”∏“√ MJ1 ∑’Ë¡’§à“ªí®®—¬∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’μË” À√◊Õ®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë MJ3.2 æ∫°≈ÿà¡¢Õß¡«ππÈ”„π∫√‘‡«≥¥—ß°≈à“«·μ°μà“ß®“°®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ßÕ◊Ëπ Õ“∑‘‡™àπ PleidaeVelidae ·≈– Helodidae ‡ªìπμâπ ¥—ß¿“æ∑’Ë 7

¿“æ∑’Ë 7 · ¥ß§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å¢Õß§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’°—∫«ß»å¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß

«“√ “√«‘∑¬“»“ μ√å ¡»« ªï∑’Ë 33 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 1 (2560) 129

√ÿª·≈–«‘®“√≥åº≈°“√∑¥≈Õß®“°°“√»÷°…“§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’¢ÕßπÈ”æ∫«à“¡’§à“∑’Ë·μ°μà“ß°—πÕ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°

À≈“¬ªí®®—¬‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ≈—°…≥–‡©æ“–¢Õß®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß ·≈–‡«≈“„π°“√‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß √«¡∂÷ßÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õßƒ¥Ÿ°“≈≈â«π·μà¡’§«“¡‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß°—∫§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”∑“ß°“¬¿“æ·≈–‡§¡’ [24, 25] ·≈–®“°§à“æ“√“¡‘‡μÕ√åμà“ßÊ∑’Ë∑”°“√»÷°…“„π§√—Èßπ’Èæ∫«à“Õ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±åμ“¡¡“μ√∞“π§ÿ≥¿“æ·À≈àßπÈ”º‘«¥‘π∑’Ë 2 ·≈– 3 ‡ªìππÈ”∑’Ë “¡“√∂„™âÕÿª‚¿§∫√‘‚¿§‰¥â·μàμâÕß¡’°“√¶à“‡™◊ÈÕ‚√§μ“¡ª°μ‘ ·≈–ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√ª√—∫ª√ÿßπÈ”°àÕπ

°“√»÷°…“§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å√–À«à“ß§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬·≈–°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ” √à«¡°—∫§ÿ≥¿“æπÈ”„π≈”∏“√μâππÈ”·¡à·®à¡ Õ”‡¿Õ°—≈¬“≥‘«—≤π“ ®—ßÀ«—¥‡™’¬ß„À¡à √–À«à“ß‡¥◊Õπ∏—π«“§¡ æ.». 2557æƒ…¿“§¡ æ.». 2558 ·≈– ‘ßÀ“§¡ æ.». 2558 æ∫·¡≈ßπÈ”∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 8,889 ®“° 9 Õ—π¥—∫ 84 «ß»å‚¥¬æ∫·¡≈ßπÈ”„πÕ—π¥—∫ Diptera (54%) ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ Ephemeroptera (26%) Coleoptera(8%) Trichoptera (6%) Odonata (4%) Hemiptera (3%) ·≈–Õ◊ËπÊ (< 1%) μ“¡≈”¥—∫ ‚¥¬®”π«π«ß»å∑’Ëæ∫„π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß«ß»å§àÕπ¢â“ß¡“°‚¥¬æ∫®”π«π«ß»å∂÷ß 84 «ß»å‡¡◊ËÕ‡∑’¬∫°—∫ß“πÕ◊ËπÊ∑’Ë¡’°“√»÷°…“„π≈”πÈ”„π¿“§‡Àπ◊Õ¢Õßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬·≈–ª√–‡∑»„°≈â‡§’¬ß [26, 27] ‚¥¬∑—Èßπ’ÈÕ“® ◊∫‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°§«“¡‡À¡“– ¡¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë·≈–§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß∂‘Ëπ∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”∑’Ë¡’°“√∂Ÿ°√∫°«ππâÕ¬ ‚¥¬æ∫§à“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬ Ÿß ÿ¥∑’Ë®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß∑’Ë MJ1 ∑’Ëæ∫®”π«π«ß»å¢Õß ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ∑’ËÀ≈“°À≈“¬·≈–¡’®”π«πμ—« ¡Ë”‡ ¡Õ (Evenness) Ÿß°«à“®ÿ¥»÷°…“Õ◊ËπÊ ‚¥¬¡’§à“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬ Ÿß ÿ¥2.564 ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π‡¥◊Õπ ‘ßÀ“§¡ (MJ1.3) ¡’§à“ 2.504 à«π§à“¥—™π’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬μË” ÿ¥æ∫∑’Ë®ÿ¥MJ2 ¡’§à“ 0.921 ‚¥¬‡©æ“–„π‡¥◊Õπæƒ…¿“§¡ (MJ2.2) ¡’§à“‡æ’¬ß 0.607 ÷ËßÕ“®‡°’Ë¬«¢âÕß°—∫ªí®®—¬∑“ß¥â“π°“¬¿“æ ·≈–‡§¡’¢ÕßπÈ”∫“ßª√–°“√∑’Ë‡ª≈’Ë¬π·ª≈ß·≈– àßº≈μàÕ§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ” ‚¥¬®ÿ¥MJ2 π’È∫√‘‡«≥√‘¡Ωíòß¡’°“√∑”°“√‡°…μ√ ·≈–π“¢â“« „π™à«ßƒ¥ŸΩπ¡’°“√™–≈â“ßÀπâ“¥‘π∑”„Àâ§à“æ“√“¡‘‡μÕ√å∫“ß§à“ Ÿß¢÷Èπ‡™àπ§à“§«“¡¢ÿàπ ·≈–ª√‘¡“≥ “√Õ“À“√ ®–‡ÀÁπ‰¥â«à“§à“·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬-‰π‚μ√‡®π¡’§à“ Ÿß‡°‘π¡“μ√∞“π·À≈àßπÈ”º‘«¥‘π∑’Ë°”Àπ¥‰«â§◊Õ 0.5 mg.-1 Õ’°∑—Èßæ∫«à“§à“ DO μË”°«à“ª°μ‘ (MJ2.3) ‚¥¬¡’§à“4.6 mg.-1 ´÷Ëß·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬-‰π‚μ√‡®π∑’Ë‡ªìπ§à“∫àß∫Õ°∂÷ßπÈ”¡’°“√ªπ‡ªóôÕπ®“°´“°æ◊™´“° —μ«å ªÿÜ¬ “√‡§¡’®“°‡°…μ√°√√¡·≈â«·∫§∑’‡√’¬¬àÕ¬ ≈“¬ “√Õ‘π∑√’¬å‰π‚μ√‡®π„Àâ‡ªìπ·Õ¡‚¡‡π’¬ Õ’°∑—Èß§à“ª√‘¡“≥ “√Õ“À“√∑’Ë Ÿßπ’È¬—ß‡ªìπ·À≈àßÕ“À“√„Àâæ◊™πÈ”·≈– “À√à“¬„™â„π°“√‡®√‘≠‡μ‘∫‚μ·≈–¡’°“√„™âÕÕ°´‘‡®π¡“°¢÷Èπμ“¡‰ª¥â«¬ àßº≈„Àâª√‘¡“≥ÕÕ° ‘‡®π„π·À≈àßπÈ”≈¥≈ß¥—ß°≈à“« √«¡‰ª∂÷ß®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ßπ’È¡’æ◊™¬◊πμâπª°§≈ÿ¡√‘¡Ωíòß∑”„Àâ∫¥∫—ß· ß·¥¥ àßº≈„Àâ°√–∫«π°“√ —ß‡§√“–Àå¥â«¬· ß∑’Ë„™â„π°“√º≈‘μÕÕ° ‘‡®π„Àâ°—∫·À≈àßπÈ”≈¥≈ß‰ª¥â«¬ [28]

‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“§ÿ≥≈—°…≥–¢ÕßπÈ”·≈–°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ” æ∫«à“°“√°√–®“¬μ—«¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”„π·μà≈–®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß¡’§«“¡·μ°μà“ß°—π ‚¥¬ªí®®—¬∑’Ë àßº≈„Àâ‡°‘¥§«“¡·μ°μà“ß°—π ª√–°Õ∫‰ª¥â«¬ 2 à«π§◊Õ ƒ¥Ÿ°“≈·≈–≈—°…≥–∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ” ‚¥¬æ∫«à“„π®ÿ¥ MJ1 ‡ªìπ·À≈àßπÈ”∑’Ë¡’æ◊Èπ∑âÕßπÈ”‡ªìπÀ‘π·≈–∑√“¬ ·≈–æ◊™√‘¡Ωíòß ·≈–πÈ”‰À≈·√ß·≈–‡√Á« ∑”„Àâæ∫·¡≈ßπÈ”„πª√‘¡“≥∑’ËπâÕ¬ ·μà‡¡◊ËÕæ‘®“√≥“∂÷ß®”π«π«ß»å∑’Ëæ∫°≈—∫¡’¡“°‰¡à·μ°μà“ß°—∫®ÿ¥Õ◊ËπÊ „π¢≥–‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß MJ2 ÷Ëß¡’æ◊Èπ∑âÕßπÈ”‡ªìπ‚§≈π ·≈–¡’¢π“¥‡≈Á° ´÷Ëß∑”„Àâ·À≈àß∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”‰¡à¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬·≈–‡À¡“– ¡°—∫

SWU Sci. J. Vol. 33 No. 1 (2017)130

∫“ß°≈ÿà¡‡∑à“π—Èπ ´÷Ëß„π®ÿ¥»÷°…“π’È‡Õßæ∫°≈ÿà¡·¡≈ßπÈ”«ß»å Chironominae À√◊ÕÀπÕπ√‘ÈππÈ”®◊¥‡ªìπ ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ™π‘¥‡¥àπ‚¥¬æ∫®”π«πμ—«§àÕπ¢â“ß¡“°°«à“®ÿ¥»÷°…“Õ◊ËπÊ Õ—π‡π◊ËÕß¡“®“°¡’∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬∑’Ë‡À¡“– ¡§◊Õ‚§≈π [29] ‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π°—∫®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß¥â“π≈à“ß ‡™àπ MJ3 ·≈– MJ4 ¥—ßπ—Èπ¥â«¬®”π«πμ—«¢ÕßÀπÕπ√‘ÈππÈ”®◊¥∑’Ëæ∫®”π«πμ—«¡“°„π “¡®ÿ¥‡°Á∫μ—«Õ¬à“ß¥—ß°≈à“«®÷ß∑”„Àâ —¥ à«π¢Õß·¡≈ßπÈ”∑’Ëæ∫‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡¢ÕßÕ—π¥—∫Diptera ¡’ª√‘¡“≥¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥∂÷ß 54% ·≈– ‘Ëß¡’™’«‘μ„π°≈ÿà¡π’È “¡“√∂æ∫‰¥âμ“¡·À≈àßπÈ”∑—Ë«‰ª ‚¥¬„π·À≈àßπÈ”‰À≈¡—°¡’§«“¡À≈“°À≈“¬ Ÿß°«à“πÈ”π‘Ëß ‡ªìπ·¡≈ßπÈ”∑’Ë¡’Õ«—¬«–æ‘‡»…∑’Ë™à«¬„π°“√À“¬„® ·≈–¡’°“√ª√—∫μ—«„ÀâÕ¬Ÿà„π ¿“æ∑’Ë¡’ÕÕ°´‘‡®πμË”‰¥â¥—ßπ—Èπ®÷ß “¡“√∂Õ“»—¬„π·À≈àßπÈ”∑’Ë¡’ÕÕ°´‘‡®πμË” ·≈– “¡“√∂æ∫·¡≈ßπÈ”„π°≈ÿà¡π’È‰¥âÕ¬à“ß°«â“ß¢«“ß [29]

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π”‡Õ“Õß§å§«“¡√Ÿâπ’È‰ªª√–¬ÿ°μå„™â°—∫ß“π¥â“πμà“ßÊ ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπß“π¥â“π°“√Õπÿ√—°…å °“√ª√–¬ÿ°μå„™âæ—≤π“‡ªìπ¥—™π’∑“ß™’«¿“æ´÷Ëßª√–‡∑»‰∑¬¬—ß‰¡à¡’°“√æ—≤π“¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈¥â“ππ’Èμ—Èß·μàªï 2002 [3] √«¡∂÷ßß“π¥â“π ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡ß“π¥â“π°“√ª√–‡¡‘π§«“¡Õÿ¥¡ ¡∫Ÿ√≥å¢Õßæ◊Èπ∑’Ë ·≈–∑’Ë ”§—≠®–‡ªìπ·π«∑“ß„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°‘®°√√¡¢Õß¡πÿ…¬å∑’Ë®– àßº≈°√–∑∫∂÷ß∑√—æ¬“°√∏√√¡™“μ‘„ÀâπâÕ¬∑’Ë ÿ¥ ÷Ëß‡ªìπ‡ªÑ“À¡“¬¢Õß°“√Õπÿ√—°…åÕ¬à“ß¬—Ëß¬◊π‰¥âμàÕ‰ª

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