9-1
description
Transcript of 9-1
![Page 1: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
9-1
Transforming the Roman World
![Page 2: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
1. What replaced the Western Roman empire by 500
A number of states fuled by German Kings
![Page 3: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
2. Who were the Anglo-Saxons?
The Angles and the Saxons were Germanic tribes from Denmark and Northern Germany who settled in Britain in the 5th Century
![Page 4: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
3. Which of the German states on the European continent proved long lasting?
The Kingdom of the Franks
![Page 5: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
4. What political advantage did Clovis gain when he converted to Christianity?
His conversion gave him the support of the Catholic Church
![Page 6: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
5. Describe the crucial social bond among the Germanic peoples
Extended families held towns together
![Page 7: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
6. What was wergild?
The amount paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person who was wronged
![Page 8: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
7. Explain the importance of a man known as the pope
Bishop of Rome and the leader of the Catholic Church
![Page 9: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
8. In what endeavor was Pope Gregory I especially active?Converting Germanic people to Christianity
![Page 10: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
9. What good works did the Christian monks in the new European civilization
perform?
Provided schools, hospitals, and hospitality for travelers
![Page 11: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
10. What did the coronation of Charlemagne symbolize?
The coming together of the Roman, Christian , and Germanic worlds to make European civilization
![Page 12: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
11. Why do we have manuscripts of Ancient Roman literary works today?
They were copied by Carolingian monks
![Page 13: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Wergild
The amount of money paid to a family to make up for a wrongdoing
![Page 14: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ordeal
A physical trial to determine guilt or innocence
![Page 15: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Bishopric
A diocese or group of churches together
![Page 16: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Pope
The bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church
![Page 17: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Monk
A man who dedicates his life to God
![Page 18: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Monasticism
The practice of being a monk
![Page 19: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Missionary
Someone who goes out to spread a religious message
![Page 20: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Nun
A woman who dedicates her life to God
![Page 21: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Abbess
Head nun at a convent
![Page 22: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Visigoth
Germanic tribe that conquered Spain
![Page 23: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Ostrogoth
Germanic tribe that conquered Italy in the 5th century
![Page 24: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Anglo-Saxon
Germanic tribe that settled in Great Britain
![Page 25: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Clovis
Converted to Christianity and started the first Frankish Kingdom
![Page 26: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Gregory I
Strengthened the papacy in the 6th century
![Page 27: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Saint Benedict
Started the first monastery in the 6th century
![Page 28: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mayor of the Palace
Chief officer in the King’s household
![Page 29: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Pepin
Unified the Frankish Kingdom
![Page 30: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Charlemagne
Ruled a vast Frankish kingdom called the Carolingian Empire, crowned by the Pope as the Holy Roman Emperor
![Page 31: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Scriptoria
Writing rooms in monasteries where monks copied books
![Page 32: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
9-4
The Byzantine Empire and the Crusades
![Page 33: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
I. Justinian became Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire in 527– A. Justinian’s most important contribution
was his codification of Roman Law– B. This simplified code was “The body of
civil law,” the basis of Imperial law
![Page 34: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
II. The most serious challenge to the Eastern Roman Empire was the rise of Islam– A. Islamic forces defeated an army of the
Eastern Empire at Yarmuk in 636– B. By the beginning of the eighth century,
the Eastern Empire was much smaller
![Page 35: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
• 1. Historians call this smaller empire the Byzantine Empire
• 2. The Christian church of this Empire was known as the Eastern Orthodox Church
• 3. Because the emperor appointed the head of the Orthodox church, known as the patriarch, he exercised control over church and state
![Page 36: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
III. The Empire recovered and expanded under emperors known as the Macedonians– A. The Byzantine Empire was troubled by a
growing split in its church– B. In 1054, Pope Leo IX and Patriarch
Michael Celularius of the Byzantine Church formally excommunicated each other
![Page 37: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
– C. this began the schism, or separation, between the two branches of Christianity that has not been healed to this day
– * The main cause of this schism was the Patriarch’s refusal to accept the Pope in Rome as his authority
![Page 38: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
IV. From the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries, European Christians conducted military expeditions known as the crusades– A. Warriors of Western Europe formed the
first crusading armies
![Page 39: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
– B. In 1187, Jerusalem fell to Muslim forces under Saladin
– C. Richard the Lionhearted negotiated a settlement whereby Christian pilgrims had free access to Jerusalem
– D. The first widespread attacks on Jews bean in the context of the crusades
![Page 40: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Patriarch
Head of the Eastern Orthodox Church
![Page 41: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Schism
Separation between two branches of Christianity
![Page 42: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Crusades
Expeditions to regain the holy lands from the Muslims
![Page 43: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Infidel
A non-believer, Muslim
![Page 44: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Justinian
Emperor of the Byzantine Empire
![Page 45: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Body of Civil Law
Justinian’s laws for the Byzantine Empire (simplified from Roman Law)
![Page 46: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Byzantine Empire
The Eastern half of the former Roman Empire
![Page 47: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Macedonians
Byzantine Emperors from 867-1081
![Page 48: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Seljuk Turks
Defeated the Byzantine Empire in East Asia
![Page 49: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Saint Bernard of Clairvaux
Called for the 2nd Crusade
![Page 50: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Saladin
Great Muslim military leader who took Jerusalem from the Christians
![Page 51: 9-1](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022070415/56814fe1550346895dbda93d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Innocent III
Called for the 4th Crusade