8th Grade Ch. 5 Sec. 1 Infectious Disease
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Transcript of 8th Grade Ch. 5 Sec. 1 Infectious Disease
CH. 5 Sec. 1 Infectious Diseases
PG. 140 DISCOVER ACTIVITY-HOW DOES A DISEASE SPREAD?
Round Names of people whose hand you shook
1
2
3
infectious disease
•disease that can pass from one organism to another
•organism that can cause disease
pathogen
scientists & their ideas• showed microorganisms
cause disease
• microorganisms caused
diseases• killing microorganisms
could prevent spread of
diseases• performed surgery under
more sterile conditions
• infectious disease caused
by specific pathogen
Louis PasteurLouis Pasteur
Joseph ListerJoseph Lister
Robert KochRobert Koch
Joseph Lister using a carbolic steam sprayer to spread a mist of carbolic acid.
• In the 1800’s, surgery was performed under conditions that were very different from those used today.
• Surgery today is performed in operating rooms that have been cleaned thoroughly to eliminate disease-causing organisms.
THENNOW
4 major groups
of human pathogens
1.bacteria
2.viruses
3.fungi
4.protists
–http://http://medmyst.rice.edu/index.html
1. bacteria 1 celled microorganisms produce toxins (poisons) diseases caused by bacteria:
strep throat- streptococcus bacteria
tetanustetanus
Pictures Of Strep Throat Here are three pictures of strep throat. Notice the red flecks indicating a bacterial infection.
Infectious Diseases Caused by Bacteria [03:07]
2. viruses• smaller than bacteria
• cannot reproduce unless inside living cells
2. viruses
chicken poxchicken pox
• diseases caused by viruses:
– cold
– influenza (flu)
– chicken pox
The Littlest Assassins: What Are Viruses? [03:35]
3. fungi• molds, yeasts
• athlete’s foot
4. protists•malaria
The Anopheles mosquito carries the protist that causes malaria.
sources of pathogens
1.person
person
2.contaminated
object
3.animal bite
4.environment
1. person to person transfer
• thru direct physical contact–kissing, shaking hands
• thru indirect contact–sneezing
2. contaminated objects2. contaminated objects
towels
water
food
silverware
3. animal 3. animal bitesbites
rabiesrabies
The Lyme disease bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi, normally lives in mice, squirrels and other small animals.
It is transmitted among these animals – and to humans -- through the bites of certain species of ticks.
engorged deer tickengorged deer tick
4. environment
soil waterwater
PROJECTPROJECT
Choose 1 famous person from the following list:
• Joseph Lister• Louis Pasteur• Robert Koch• Marie CurieMarie Curie• Pierre Curie• Alexander Fleming• Robert Hooke• Edward Jenner• Anton van Leeuwenhoek• Jonas Salk• Florence Nightingale
For example: For example: Marie CurieMarie Curie
1. Construct a biography of your scientist• Type a 2 page comprehensive paper and then summarize the biography
on 1 index card, which will be attached to the top of the diorama Requirements for the scientist’s biography:• Vital statistics (date of birth & death, marriage, etc.)• Educational history• Major discovery• Accomplishments, publications, or recognition• Reception of discovery at time period• 3 adjectives that would sum up this scientist (Place on back of shoebox).• Include bibliography, listing at least 2 sources. (Place on back of
shoebox).
2. Create a likeness of your scientist using an empty eggshell
3. Place the egghead in a shoebox diorama • Illustrate the significant discovery made by the scientist, detailed with
background, props and extra pictures on the back of the shoebox• Include name of scientist and actual picture of scientist on top of shoebox• Place your name on the back of the shoebox.
EVERYTHING MUST BE TYPED!
Due: Wed. April 9
Making an egghead
Materials• Raw egg• Straight pin• Cardboard or cardstock, about 8 cm wide and 13 cm long• Decorating items (colored pencils, bits of yarn, wire, cloth, felt, thread, cotton, modeling clay, tissue paper, construction paper, string, etc.)• Shoebox
Procedure1. Wash the raw egg with soap and water and bring the egg to room temperature for
easier extraction of contents. Shake the egg.2. Using a straight pin, make a hole in one end of the egg, pushing the pin far enough into
the egg to break the yolk. Enlarge the hole by rotating the pin.3. Make another hole in the opposite end of the egg. This hole can be smaller.4. Use a small straw to blow gently into the small hole in the egg with the larger hole of the
egg facing down into a clean bowl. Safety Note: Be sure to avoid getting the raw egg in your mouth!
5. Once the contents are out of the egg, clean the inside by putting a bit of liquid soap into the large hole and holding the shell under running water with the large-hole side up. Turn the egg over and let water drain from the large hole. Repeat. Set empty eggshell with large hole down and let dry overnight.
6. Make a small cylinder out of cardboard to serve as an egg collar by stapling two sides together. Use a thin bead of glue to secure eggshell into collar. This serves to steady the egg while you work. (Hint: If the collar is too large, the scientist loses his or her neckline.)
7. Create a likeness of your scientist. After penciling in the main features of the face, tissue paper or modeling clay can be used to create noses, ears, and facial texture. Yarn, raffia, fiber, cotton, or thread can be used for hair, and twist ties for glasses. (Hint: Digital likenesses of scientists can also be contoured using photo software and then glued to the egghead for more accurate depictions.)
Rubric Novice egghead
Informedegghead
Accomplished egghead
Master egghead
Construction of egghead
40 pts.
Work on adding features to eggshell that would make it more closely resemble scientist
If viewed from certain angle, egghead resembles the chosen scientist.
Egghead gives an impression of the scientist. Added features help with scientist’s recognition.
Egghead is well constructed and actually looks like the scientist.
Biography
40 pts.
Spelling & grammatical errors
Not typed
Missing more than half of the requirements
Some spelling & grammatical errors
Typed
Missing 3-4 requirements
Few spelling & grammatical errors
Typed
Missing 1-2 requirements
Well written
2 pages
Includes all requirements
Construction of diorama
15 pts.
Diorama is poorly constructed
Does not illustrate the significant discovery
Does not include props or background
Missing picture & scientist’s name
Diorama is satisfactory
Missing 2 requirements
Diorama is good quality
Missing 1 requirement
Diorama is well constructed and illustrates the significant discovery
Includes props
Name of scientist & actual picture included
Reference sources
5 pts.
Did not list sources 1 source of information listed
2 sources of information listed
3 sources of information listed