Chapter 2The Nature of MatterDanielle and Ian

SummaryChapter 2 – The Nature of Matter

Describing Matter

Review of Key Concepts

Review of Key Terms

Item 1

Changes in MatterAnalyzing Data: Is matter conserved?Item 2

Item 5

Item 3

Item 4

Energy and MatterAnalyzing Data: Comparing Energy Changes

• Properties of Matter • Two kinds: Physical and Chemical

• Physical can be observed without changing to another substance

• Chemical is the ability to change into other substances• Elements

• The simplest substances• Particles of elements – Atoms• When Atoms Combine

• Chemical Bond

Section 1•Describing Matter

• Compounds• Two or more elements chemically combined

• Mixtures• Two or more substances that are not chemically

combined• Heterogeneous Mixture – can see different parts

• Homogeneous Mixture – so evenly mixed that cannot see parts

Section 1•Describing Matter

• Physical Change• Changes in state

• Solid, liquid, gas

• Changes in Shape or form

• Dissolving, blending, crushing, bending, chopping

• Chemical Change• Produces one or more new substances

• Conservation of Matter• Matter is not created or destroyed in any physical or

chemical change

Section 2•Changes in Matter

• Forms of Energy• Thermal

• Chemical

• Electromagnetic

• Electrical

• Transforming Energy• Chemical energy being changed to other types and vice

versa

Section 3•Energy and Matter

• Every form of matter has chemical and physical properties.

• Elements are the simplest substances.

• When elements are chemically combined, they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the uncombined elements.

• Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties.

• A substance that undergoes a physical change is still the same substance after the change.

• A chemical change produces new substances with properties different from those of the original substances.

• Forms of energy related to changes in matter include: thermal energy, chemical energy , electromagnetic energy, and electrical energy.

• During chemical change, chemical energy may be changed to other forms of energy. Other forms of energy can also be changed to chemical energy.

•Key Concepts

• Substance: A single kind of matter that is pure

• Physical Property: A characteristic that can be observed without changing it into another substance

• Chemical Property: A characteristic that describes its ability to change into different substances

• Element: A pure substance that can not be broken down

• Chemical Bond: Force of attraction between two atoms

• Atom: The basic particle from which all elements are made

• Molecule: Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

• Compound: pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio

• Chemical Formula: Shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of atoms

•Key Terms

• Mixture: Two or more substances that are together but not chemically combined

• Physical Change: Any change that alters the from or appearance of matter

• Chemical Change: A change in matter that produces one or more substances

• Law of Conservation of Matter: The fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any chemical or physical change

• Energy: The ability to do work or cause change

• Temperature: The measure of average energy of particles of matter

• Thermal Energy: The total energy of all the particles in an object

• Endothermic Change: A change in which energy is taken

• Exothermic Change: Releases Energy

• Chemical Energy: Energy stored in the chemical bonds between atoms

•Key Terms

• Electromagnetic Energy: A form of energy that travels through space waves

• Electrical Energy: Is the energy of electrically charged particles moving from one place to another

• Electrodes: Two metal strips that are placed in a solution but don’t touch

•Key Terms