8C MICROBES AND DISEASE

MICROBES•What is a microbe?

•What are the three types of microbes? Give an example of each.

•What do we use microbes to make?

Top trumps

Micro-organisms The word MICROmeans very small. (So you need a Microscope to see it!)

http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm

Micro-organism Man!

Micro-organisms

Micro-organismsMicro- very smallOrganism- a living thing.

So Micro-organisms are very small living things!

N.B Viruses are often classed as micro-organisms but technically they are NON-Living so call them Microbes instead!

Micro-organism man

J

Microbe uses carousel•You will be assessed in this activity for

AF2

Seven wonders of the microbe world

Bread mould experiment•You are going to look at mould growing on

bread over 2 weeks.

Diseases•What is the scientific word for a microbe

that causes disease?

•Name an example of a disease caused by a bacteria, virus and fungus?

BacteriaThe good the bad and the ugly!

Bacteria are small living single celled organisms that can come in good (beneficial) forms and bad (pathogenic) forms that cause disease.

Some different shapes of bacteria

Bacteria can double in number every 20 minutes!

The motility (movement) of some bacteria in culture.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa  

How fast! 

Good bacteriaBacteria help to

break down faeces (poo) in

sewage works.

Bad bacteria in the mouth cause teeth to rot.Mouth bacteria

Mouth bacterium

MRSA- the bacterial superbug!Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Methicillin (anantibiotic) WON’T Work to cure this infection!

Bacteria

Cytoplasm Circle of DNA

Cell wall Cell membrane

Bacteria

Cytoplasm Circle of DNA

Cell wall Cell membrane

Sometimes has a TAIL to help it swim

Structure of viruses

How viruses replicate inside cells

Examples of viruses

A T4 bacteriophage. This infects only bacterial cells, in this case only E. coli

The HIV virus. This attacks T4 lymphocytes. It is responsible for AIDS.

One sneeze can transmit many cold virus particles

Bird flu virus

Measles virus

Electron microscope picture of the measles virus

Boy with measles

Viruses cause warts, cold sores and verucae

Conjunctivitis

Foot and mouth disease is caused by a virus and is VERY infectious for cows

To this

From this

Treatment of viral infections

Virus

Protein Coat

Strand of DNA

Virus Protein Coat

Strand of DNA

SMALLEST microbeAlso NOT technically alive…

FungiFungi are organisms that produce spores and come in the form of moulds, yeasts,

mushrooms and toadstools.

They also help things to rot and breakdown

which is an essential process in the cycle of life.

Why did the mushroom want to go out with the toadstool? Because he was a Fungi to

be with!

Examples of fungi

Mould growing a bread bun

Yeast cells budding

There can be good forms of

fungus (used to make bread/beer) and bad forms (Mould, Athletes foot and

thrush).

Mould and fungus causes things to breakdown

Fungus taking over

Athletes foot

Oral thrush

Thrush yeast cells

Fungi

Starch granule

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Fungi

Starch granule

Nucleus

Cell membrane

Cell wall

Vacuole

Cytoplasm

BIGGEST microorganism

Sort the cards into if they are caused by a bacteria, virus or fungus

MICROBE BINGO

Similarities and differences•What do bacteria and viruses have in

common?

•How are viruses different to bacteria and fungi?

Mould•What is mould?

•Why does food go mouldy?

•Name 5 different methods of stopping mould growth and explain why they stop it.

Mould investigationAim: To investigate how to stop mould growing

in gravy

Variables

Independent:Dependent:Control:

Prediction

•http://www.ehow.com/how_6317533_make-nutrient-agar-home.html

Gravy experiment results and conclusion

PEER ASSESSMENT FOR AF5

Yeast•What type of microbe is yeast?

•What do we use yeast to make?

•What types of respiration does yeast do?

Plan an investigation into one factor that affects yeast growth•You are going to put yeast, sugar, a drop

of washing up liquid and warm water in a measuring cylinder

•Choose one factor to change and investigate

Write the Aim, prediction, and variables

Aim: to observe yeast growthTime (mins) Height of bubbles (mm)

The first line of defense•How can diseases be passed from one

person to another?

•What is the bodies’ first line of defense to stop microbes entering?

Bread mould 2 week results

Match the defense mechanism to its use

The immune system•What is the immune system?

•Which cells defend us against disease?

•How do they defend us?

Video

Vaccination•Which cells produce antibodies?

•How do these cells respond when the body is infected?

•Why do vaccinations stop you getting ill again?

Video