8991 An Innovative Approach for Big Ticket Infrastructure ... · 8/25/2014 3 The City of Bend’s...

8/25/2014

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An Innovative Approach to Big Ticket Infrastructure Decision-Making:Sewer Collection PlanningNational APWA 2014 Congress

Toronto, Ontario

Presenters:

Tom Hickmann P.E.Director of the Engineering and Infrastructure Planning Department, City of Bend

David Stangel P.E. Principal Engineer, Murray, Smith & Associates

Jeff FreyCo-founder & VP Client Services, Optimatics, LLC.

Libby Barg Vice President, Barney & Worth, Inc.

OrientationImmediate Capacity Optimization

Solution Recommendation

Model Building

Sewer Infrastructure Advisory Group (SIAG)

SIAG

Project phases = Presentation format

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Where is Bend?

City of Bend

Oregon

What is Bend?




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SIAG

SIAG

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The City of Bend’s wastewater collection system

430 miles of sewer mains

90 sewer pumping stations

246 home pumping stations

System contains 4 different types of collection infrastructure

Collects 6.0 million gallons per day

The system is

cobbled together

and near capacity.

What’s the problem?

Bend is growing rapidly

36% increase since 2000

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Same 8” gravity line that River Rim &

Poplar Park feed to.

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Flow profile of critical manhole

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Master planning - take 1

Recommendation: shift to gravity conveyance

Major interceptors to reduce demand on city core

Focus was on alleviating problem areas

Capacity issues addressed

Improved access for unsewered areas

2007 Proposed CIP

City of Bend

Citizens unhappy with the City…

Key Findings: No shared understanding of Bend’s infrastructure challenges No shared vision for solutions A strong perception among stakeholders: the City “doesn’t

listen” No single source for credible

information on infrastructure projects

The general public is thought to be unaware and apathetic

Stakeholder interviews conducted in 2012

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What happened next?

2875



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SIAG

SIAG


Community helps solve the problems

Sewer Infrastructure Advisory Group (SIAG): 16-member citizen committee

Appointed by Bend City Council in 2012

Advises master planning

Goal: Develop affordablecollection systemimprovements for Bend —within the current Urban Growth Boundary.

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SIAG members' expertise:

Chamber of Commerce

Land use

Large sewer users

Attorneys

Schools

Community leaders

Economics / CPA

Environmental

Utilities

Architect

Developers

Medical

SIAG participated in entire process

Identified community priorities

Reviewed & evaluated short- and long-term collection system needs

Identified a community-supported financial strategy

Considered the financial, engineering, economic development, growth management, and political implications of various alternatives

Provided updates and a final recommendation to City Council

In-depth involvement:

SIAG met 21 times (Jul. 2012 – Aug. 2014),

totaling more than 1,100 hours of volunteering

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Model Building

SIAG

SIAG


Project and PM challenges:

Some projects from original master plan already underway

No hydraulic model to identify immediate solutions

Lack of clarity concerning wet weather response in system

High level of community involvement / public interest / scrutiny

Master planning with everyone involved

Traditional Master Plan Bend’s Master Plan

Focus on engineeringsolutions

Focus on community values, then engineering solutions

Planning assumptions taken at face-value

Every assumption scrutinized

Solution set limited

No special modeling tools

Focus on capital costs

Day-to-day approvers: City staff

Solution set expanded

Optimization modeling

Full life-cycle costs analyzed

Approvers: community members / City staff / City Council

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Project schedule



Model Building

SIAG

SIAG


City of Bend

Existing sewer challenges

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Areas 3 & 5 Option Combo:

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New Colorado Lift Station & Force Main to 2nd Street$3,890,000

Immediate term improvement options

Area 3Solution 1

Westside PS Pumps

$701,000

Area 3Solution 2

Westside PS Pumps & Storage

$1,509,000

Combo:Areas 3 & 5

New Colorado Lift Station

$3,890,000

Area 5Solution 1

Gravity Sewer

$256,000

Area 5Solution 2

Reconstruct Shevlin PS

$897,000

Area3

Area5

+ OR

OR

OR

Which solution is best? Why?



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SIAG

SIAG


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Build comprehensive model & prepare optimization inputs

Create pipe network from updated GIS

Load model with existing and future sewer flows

Collect sewer flow monitoring

Calibrate model

Set design criteria

Evaluate system under existing and future conditions

Develop unit costs

Identify potential alternatives

Existing loading development

Capacity for special areas

Areas such as: Central area plan (yellow)

OSU cascades campus (orange)

Transit corridors (red)

Hospital (blue)

Additional areas?

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Flow monitoring

Flow monitoring

2013 47 locations plus water

reclamation facility

No rain

2011 33 locations plus water

reclamation facility

No rain

2007 15 locations

Two rain events

Calibration

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Define design criteria

Define the hydraulic and basic facility parameters used in the optimization analysis:• Sewage level in pipes/manholes• Flow velocity• Pump operation under dry and wet weather• Emergency power at lift stations• Standard pipe sizes• Pipe slope• Others

Used to identify existing deficiencies and set requirements for proposed improvements

Bend geology poses challenges for traditional excavation methods

Rock excavation assumed in all cases

Pipe cost development

Saw trenching Rock sawing

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Pipe installation methods: special crossings

Unique costs assigned in optimization

Directional drilling

Bore and jack

Unique costs assigned in optimization Different methods identified for unique locations

Pipe rehabilitation - alternatives

Cured-in-place pipe Sliplining

Sliplining

In-line storage alternatives

Used for wet weather peaks only

Usually a big pipe or box culvert

Probably best deployed ‘higher’ in the system

Important to capture the ‘real’ initial price for the cost basis

Important to capture the ‘real’ O&M price for the cost basis

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Offline storage alternatives

Used for wet weather peaks only

Tank, basin, or vault

More applicable ‘lower’ in the system

Important to capture the ‘real’ initial and O&M prices for the cost basis

Wastewater treatment process

Optimization role

Satellite treatment must operate year-round to offset collection system capacity needs

Collection system deficiencies and available land determine satellite treatment sites

Satellite Treatment

Facility

Disposal Site (Liquid & Solids)

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Develop unit costs

Alternatives need to demonstrate:

Life Cycle Costs can be “independently” verified• Land area, initial cost, energy use, O&M, chemicals, etc.

Past performance in municipal installations

Past performance in similar applications• Regulatory, climate, geology

Record of multiple years of O&M, energy data

Support from a U.S. based “supplier” of equipment and parts

COST

CONFIDENCE

Unit costs – WWTP Example

Construction costs decrease with size

Decentralized

Satellite

Individual and Cluster

Optimization alternatives

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Economic evaluation of alternatives

EUAC – Equivalent Uniform Annual Cost

Used to ensure assets with differing life spans and capital, operating and maintenance costs are compared on an equal basis

Calculates the cost per year of owning and operating an asset over its entire life span

Removes the need to separately quantify the value of an asset at the end of the cost analysis period

For the purpose of presenting results, the total EUAC was converted to a 40-year life-cycle cost by multiplying the EUAC by 40

The 40-year analysis period is arbitrary and does not affect the optimization

Equivalent uniform annual costexample comparison

Gravity Pipe Life Cycle Cost $(80-Y Life) Annual Capital Cost (1/80)

Annual O&M Cost

Annual Electricity Cost

= Total EUAC Gravity Pipe

Lift Station Life Cycle Cost $(35-Y Life) Annual Capital Cost (1/35)

Annual O&M Cost

Annual Electricity Cost

= Total EUAC Lift Station

Equivalent uniform annual costexample comparison

+

++

+

Overall sewer cost components

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Sewer monitoring & flow triggers

Flow Triggers (aka don’t build it until you need it)

Flow trigger location1500 gpm (peak dry)

2+ miles of 30” gravity main$8m+

Flow triggers (don’t build it until you need it)



Model Building

SIAG

SIAG


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Optimization addresses Bend’s key issues

Sewer system upgrades estimated at more than $130

million

Aging and under-sized infrastructure requires quick

attention

Limits on funding necessitate staging of improvements

Active citizenry wants to participate in the planning

process

Simplify operations by eliminating dozens of pump stations challenge

Optimization goals

Reduce or defer CIP costs by >20% and improve

performance

Investigate a wide range of scenarios to provide confidence

in the selected solution

Permit SIAG to provide input based on public preferences

Create staged plans to minimize overall life-cycle cost

Traditional modeling

Planner interacts with simulation model using iterative, trial and error process.

Planner inputs simulation data, but is unable to consider both the life-cycle costs and the hydraulic performance of alternative designs necessary to identify the best solutions.

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Optimization modeling

Planner inputs all allowable improvement options, as well as the required performance standards to be met.

Optimization model automates the iterative process by creating thousands of solutions and simulating each one to evaluate its cost and performance while converging on lowest cost approach.

Optimizer’s intelligent search example

Optimizer options analysis process

Formulate

Run

Review

Refine Scenarios /Sensitivity Analyses

Optimizer WCSTM

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Bend 2033 Optimization Options

Animation of Bend optimization run

Pipe and pump options shown in blue

Storage options shown in purple

Animation of Bend optimization run

Cost ItemTotal Cost ($ Arb) (Including O&M)

Pipes

Pumps

Storage

Total Project Cost

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Actual processing time: 0.15 hours

(cloud computing using 104 cores in parallel)

Complete hydraulic analysis of each trial solution

Detailed life-cycle cost analysis of each trial sol.

All costs divided by arbitrary value for purpose of demonstration


Pipes 58.3

Pumps 5.4

Storage 8.3

Total Project Cost 72.0

Generation 1 (200 Trial Solutions) Best Solution in 1st Generation

Generation 2 (400 Trial Solutions) Best Solution in 2nd Generation


Pipes 51.3

Pumps 4.3

Storage 8.7







Generation 5 (1,000 Trial Solutions) Best Solution in 5th Generation


Pipes 49.4

Pumps 5.9

Storage 6.1







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Pipes 42.0

Pumps 4.3

Storage 9.3







Generation 25 (50,000 trial solutions) Best Solution in 25th Generation


Pipes 31.2

Pumps 5.4

Storage 6.1









Pipes 21.7

Pumps 3.5

Storage 10.1







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Pipes 21.7

Pumps 3.5

Storage 10.1







Generation 100 (200,000 trial solutions) Best Solution in 100th Generation


Pipes 10.4

Pumps 2.7

Storage 10.7









Pipes 7.6

Pumps 5.9

Storage 9.1



(cloud computing using 104 cores in parallel) Complete hydraulic analysis of each trial solution



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Additional sensitivity analyses

Conducted prior to final optimization per SIAG request:• Continued Mid Rainfall and High Rainfall response evaluations

• Growth Node Evaluation

• Water Conservation (10% reduction in dry loading)

• Micro Optimization of specific basins

Not completed due to SIAG input:• University Growth Area (believed to be adequately covered in

development of future planning data)

Bend 2033 Selected Options

City of Bend

NOTE: Cost summary does not include condition-based and local area improvements.

DRAFT FINAL RESULTS – SUBJECTTO CHANGE

Optimized solution: 20-year phasing

PhasePresent Value

Capital Cost ($M)

Phase 1 – 1 to 5 years 39.72



TOTAL 83.18

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2007 Proposed CIP

City of Bend

Benefit of optimized decisions

Stretch budgets: reduce capital improvement, main replacement, system operating, and LID/GI costs

Increased confidence: client input on options, analysis of key scenarios, and sensitivity runs performed

Balanced solutions: capital vs. operating costs, best mix of supplies, grey vs. green, triple bottom line (TBL)

Intelligently add redundancy: know what it costs

Support from utility and elected officials: unbiased, comprehensive analysis leads to defensible results

Avoided costs delivered by optimization

Water / wastewater utility

Original cost manual method (million)

Optimized solution cost

(million)

Projected savings (million)

% Savings

Fort Collins-Loveland Water, CO $5.9 $3.0 $2.9 49%

Las Vegas Valley Water, NV $9.1 $7.4 $1.7 19%

Sierra Pacific, Reno-Sparks, NV $26.0 $17.0 $9.0 35%

San Diego Water, Alvarado, CA $55.0 $35.3 $19.7 36%

Augusta Utilities, GA $32.4 $18.3 $14.1 44%

North Penn Water Authority, PA $33.3 $25.0 $8.3 25%

Fort Worth Water Department, TX $260.0 $187.0 $73.0 28%SA Water NSISP Desal. Integration, Aus.

$1,100.0 $403.0 $697.0 63%

Bend, OR Summer Operations/Energy $1,895/day $1,460/day $435/day 23%

South Bend, IN CSO LTCP Optimization $412.0 $299.6 $112.5 27%

Major Texas City SSO Optimization Pilot $270.1 $168.0 $102.1 38%

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Model Building

SIAG

SIAG


How are things going?

Good news!

Projects can be phased and scaled to meet demands

2007 CSMP 5-year project list: $80 million

Optimized and phased list: $40 million (first 5-years)

Sewer flow data (flow triggers) will signal need/timing for future projects and adjustments to the plan

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Three critical projects confirmed for first five years:

Southeast interceptor:Linchpin for solving Bend’s sewer problems (Under construction)

Colorado Lift Station: Relieves Westside capacity issues (In design)

North area capacity improvements:Adds capacity to serve NE employment land (In design)

Southeast Interceptor

SIAG financial strategy

Start building reserves now to replace aging/failing pipes in the future

Put aside money now to start solving the problem of Bend’s unsewered neighborhoods

Borrow money to pay for projects, paid back through revenues from sewer rates, system development charges and other fees

Start with a higher rate increase now to catch up, then smaller increases / rate stability

Overall sewer cost components

Draft results – subject to change

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Final results: additional costs included

Hydraulic-based capital

costs

Hydraulic-based life-cycle costs

Pump and pipe condition improvements

Ongoing repair & replacement

budget

Local-area costs

Previous plan

Initial optimization

Intermediate optimization

Final optimization

Final CIP

Rate calculation

Rate dashboard

Council approved 9% rate increase

FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024

Bill Difference $3.99 $1.23 $1.26 $1.30 $1.33 $1.36 $1.40 $1.43 $1.47 $1.51

Residential Monthly Bill $48.36 $49.60 $50.86 $52.16 $53.49 $54.85 $56.25 $57.69 $59.16 $60.66

Proposed Rate Increase 9.00% 2.55% 2.55% 2.55% 2.55% 2.55% 2.55% 2.55% 2.55% 2.55%

Existing monthly rate $44.37

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Questions

“The meetings were well organized and presented clear information and decision points. The time spent preparing for the meetings was critical to the success.” Sharon Smith, SIAG Steering Committee Member

“This was overall a good process with a positive outcome for the City and the community.” Mike Riley, SIAG Steering Committee Member

8991 An Innovative Approach for Big Ticket Infrastructure ... · 8/25/2014 3 The City of Bend’s...

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