8821Q-R Spectrum Analyzer - Trilithic...TV, cable TV, IPTV, DBS, and radio stations. ... • Section...

OPERATIONMANUAL

8821Q-RSpectrum Analyzer

Table of ContentsTable of Contents

Section I: The BasicsSection I: The Basics

Section II: Spectrum Analyzer ModeSection II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode

Section III: Advanced Measurement ModesSection III: Advanced Measurement Modes

Section IV: AppendixSection IV: Appendix

8821Q-R - Operation Manual

Trilithic Company ProfileTrilithic is a privately held manufacturer founded in 1986 as an engineering and assemblycompany that built and designed customer-directed products for telecommunications, military andindustrial customers. From its modest beginnings as a two-man engineering team, Trilithic grewover the years and broadened its offerings of RF and microwave components by addingbroadband solutions to its product line. This was accomplished with the acquisition ofcomponents manufacturer Cir-Q-Tel and instruments manufacturer Texscan.

Today, Trilithic is an industry leader providing telecommunications solutions for major broadband,RF and microwave markets around the world. As an ISO 9000:2001 certified company with over40 years of collective expertise in engineering and custom assembly, Trilithic is dedicated toproviding quality products, services and communications solutions that exceed customerexpectations.

Trilithic is comprised of three major divisions:

• Broadband Instruments & SystemsOffers test, analysis and quality management solutions for the major cable televisionsystems worldwide.

• RF Microwave ComponentsProvides components and custom subsystems for companies specializing in cellular,military and other wireless applications.

• Emergency Alert SystemsLeading supplier of government-mandated emergency alert systems used by broadcastTV, cable TV, IPTV, DBS, and radio stations.

• XFTPOffers a specialty line of field technical products for cable operators and technicians, aswell as a line of products for installing electronics in the home of the future.providers.

8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Table of Contentsi

Table of Contents

Section I: The Basics.................................................................................... 1.11. General Information ........................................................................................................... 1.2

Helpful Website .................................................................................................................. 1.2Where to Get Technical Support .......................................................................................... 1.2How this Manual is Organized ............................................................................................. 1.3Conventions Used in This Manual ....................................................................................... 1.3Precautions ........................................................................................................................ 1.4ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) ............................................................................................ 1.5

2. Getting Started ................................................................................................................... 1.6Overview ............................................................................................................................ 1.6Shipping Inspection ............................................................................................................ 1.6Supplied Equipment ........................................................................................................... 1.7Replacement Parts ............................................................................................................. 1.8

3. Getting to Know Your 8821Q-R......................................................................................... 1.9Front Panel ......................................................................................................................... 1.9

Overview ....................................................................................................................... 1.9User Interface .............................................................................................................. 1.11

Rear Panel ....................................................................................................................... 1.154. System Configuration ..................................................................................................... 1.17

Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1.17About Menu ...................................................................................................................... 1.19Communications Settings ................................................................................................. 1.20

Baud Rate (NOT AVAILABLE) ..................................................................................... 1.20IP Address .................................................................................................................. 1.21

System Preset Settings .................................................................................................... 1.22Time & Date Settings ........................................................................................................1.23

Date Format ................................................................................................................ 1.23Date Entry ................................................................................................................... 1.24Time Entry ................................................................................................................... 1.24

Language Select (NOT AVAILABLE) ................................................................................ 1.25

8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Table of Contentsii

Screen Images ................................................................................................................. 1.26Capturing Screen Images ............................................................................................ 1.26Managing Screen Images ............................................................................................ 1.27Selecting the Type of Screen Capture .......................................................................... 1.27Selecting Screen Capture Images ............................................................................... 1.27Transmitting Images Using the RS-232 COM Port (NOT AVAILABLE) ......................... 1.28Saving Images to a USB Drive .................................................................................... 1.28Deleting Screen Image Capture Files .......................................................................... 1.29Previewing Screen Image Captures ............................................................................ 1.29

Display Palette ................................................................................................................. 1.30Display Screen Title .......................................................................................................... 1.31

5. System Calibration .......................................................................................................... 1.32Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1.32Calibration Procedure....................................................................................................... 1.32

6. Software & Firmware Updates........................................................................................1.34Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1.34Software & Firmware Update Procedure .......................................................................... 1.34

Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode .......................................................... 2.11. Overview ............................................................................................................................ 2.2

Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 2.2Single Window Display Mode ............................................................................................. 2.3Double Window Display Mode ............................................................................................ 2.7

Zone Selection .............................................................................................................. 2.8Window Switch .............................................................................................................. 2.9Zoom Selection ............................................................................................................. 2.9

2. Basic Measurement Settings ..........................................................................................2.10Overview .......................................................................................................................... 2.10Frequency Settings ........................................................................................................... 2.11

Center Frequency ........................................................................................................ 2.12Start Frequency ........................................................................................................... 2.13Stop Frequency ........................................................................................................... 2.13Frequency Step ........................................................................................................... 2.13

Span Settings ................................................................................................................... 2.13Span ...........................................................................................................................2.13Span Zoom.................................................................................................................. 2.15Full Span ..................................................................................................................... 2.15Zero Span ................................................................................................................... 2.15Last Span .................................................................................................................... 2.15

8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Table of Contentsiii

Amplitude Settings ........................................................................................................... 2.16Reference Level .......................................................................................................... 2.17Attenuation .................................................................................................................. 2.19Log/Linear Scale ......................................................................................................... 2.20Vertical Resolution....................................................................................................... 2.21Scale/Div .................................................................................................................... 2.22Reference Offset ......................................................................................................... 2.23Preamplifier ................................................................................................................ 2.23

3. Basic Control Settings .................................................................................................... 2.24Overview .......................................................................................................................... 2.24Bandwidth Settings ........................................................................................................... 2.25

Resolution BW ............................................................................................................ 2.26Video BW ................................................................................................................... 2.28Video Average ............................................................................................................ 2.29

Signal Sweep Settings ..................................................................................................... 2.30Single Signal Sweep Mode............................................................................................... 2.31Signal Hold ....................................................................................................................... 2.31Automatic/Manual Settings ............................................................................................... 2.32Trigger Settings ................................................................................................................ 2.33

Free Run ..................................................................................................................... 2.33Video Rise / Fall Edge ................................................................................................ 2.34TV-H............................................................................................................................ 2.34

4. Basic Measurement Tools............................................................................................... 2.35Overview .......................................................................................................................... 2.35Marker Tools ..................................................................................................................... 2.36

Normal Marker ............................................................................................................ 2.36Delta Mark .................................................................................................................. 2.38Fixed Mark .................................................................................................................. 2.39Multi-Marker and Marker Table .................................................................................... 2.40Count .......................................................................................................................... 2.42Mark Noise.................................................................................................................. 2.43Noise/Hz ..................................................................................................................... 2.43

Peak Signal Search Tools ................................................................................................. 2.44Peak Search ............................................................................................................... 2.44Next Peak, Next Right Peak and Next Left Peak .......................................................... 2.44Marker to Center and Marker to Ref Lvl ....................................................................... 2.44Peak Table and Peak Sort ........................................................................................... 2.45Peak Track .................................................................................................................. 2.45

8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Table of Contentsiv

Multi-Trace Tools ............................................................................................................... 2.46Write ........................................................................................................................... 2.46View............................................................................................................................ 2.47Blank ........................................................................................................................... 2.47Max Hold ..................................................................................................................... 2.47Min Hold ...................................................................................................................... 2.47Detector Modes .......................................................................................................... 2.48

Measurement Tools ........................................................................................................... 2.50N dB PTS .................................................................................................................... 2.50Display Line and Display Delta .................................................................................... 2.51Internal Temperature and Battery Voltage ..................................................................... 2.52

5. Auxiliary Measurement Tools.......................................................................................... 2.53Overview .......................................................................................................................... 2.53Channel Measurements .................................................................................................... 2.54

Channel Power ............................................................................................................ 2.55Occupied Bandwidth ................................................................................................... 2.57Adjacent Channel Power ............................................................................................. 2.58

Demodulation Measurements ........................................................................................... 2.59Listen On ..................................................................................................................... 2.59FM Gain ...................................................................................................................... 2.60

Limit Line.......................................................................................................................... 2.60Section III: Advanced Measurement Modes.............................................. 3.11. Overview ............................................................................................................................ 3.2

Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 3.2Mode Settings .................................................................................................................... 3.3

Channel Table Settings .................................................................................................. 3.3Frequency Setup ......................................................................................................... 3.16

2. CATV Analyzer ................................................................................................................. 3.20Overview .......................................................................................................................... 3.20

Information Window ..................................................................................................... 3.20Base Noise Calibration..................................................................................................... 3.21CATV Mode Settings ........................................................................................................3.22

Amplitude Units ........................................................................................................... 3.23Amplifier ......................................................................................................................3.24Channel / Frequency Select ......................................................................................... 3.25

8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Table of Contentsv

Channel Measurement ...................................................................................................... 3.26Channel Select ............................................................................................................ 3.27Listen On ..................................................................................................................... 3.27FM Deviation ............................................................................................................... 3.29Depth of Modulation .................................................................................................... 3.31Carrier Level & Frequency ........................................................................................... 3.34Carrier-to-Composite Noise ........................................................................................ 3.38HUM............................................................................................................................3.48Cross Modulation ........................................................................................................ 3.50CTB/CSO....................................................................................................................3.53Leakage...................................................................................................................... 3.60Chrominance-to-Luminance Delay Inequality (CLDI) .................................................... 3.62Differential Phase/Gain ............................................................................................... 3.68In-Channel Response .................................................................................................. 3.73

Channel Scan ................................................................................................................... 3.84Level Limit ................................................................................................................... 3.84Standard Channel ........................................................................................................ 3.85User Channel .............................................................................................................. 3.89Favorite Channel ......................................................................................................... 3.91

FCC Report ...................................................................................................................... 3.93Test Sets ..................................................................................................................... 3.94View Report ................................................................................................................ 3.94

3. DTV Analyzer ................................................................................................................... 3.99Overview .......................................................................................................................... 3.99Channel & Frequency Selection ........................................................................................ 3.99QAM Analyzer Display Screen ........................................................................................ 3.100General DTV Settings ..................................................................................................... 3.103

Saving Settings ......................................................................................................... 3.103Attenuation ................................................................................................................ 3.104Amplifier .................................................................................................................... 3.105Constellation Display Mode ....................................................................................... 3.106

QAM Analyzer Settings ................................................................................................... 3.107Restore Default Settings ............................................................................................ 3.107Symbol Rate.............................................................................................................. 3.108Standard ................................................................................................................... 3.109Modulation Mode....................................................................................................... 3.110Polarity ...................................................................................................................... 3.111Threshold Levels ....................................................................................................... 3.112

8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Table of Contentsvi

Measurement Initialization ............................................................................................... 3.113Constellation Diagram .................................................................................................... 3.113

Refresh ..................................................................................................................... 3.113Grid ........................................................................................................................... 3.114Template ................................................................................................................... 3.114Zoom In / Zoom Out ................................................................................................... 3.115

Statistic Graph ................................................................................................................ 3.116Set Time.................................................................................................................... 3.117Measure .................................................................................................................... 3.118View Last .................................................................................................................. 3.119

Equalizer Display ............................................................................................................ 3.120Set Equalizer ............................................................................................................. 3.121Equalizer Coefficient Display ..................................................................................... 3.122Frequency Response Display .................................................................................... 3.123Group Delay Display ................................................................................................. 3.124

4. Tracking Generator (Optional) ......................................................................................3.125Overview ........................................................................................................................ 3.125Tracking Generator Level Range ..................................................................................... 3.125Power Calibration ........................................................................................................... 3.126Normalize Function ......................................................................................................... 3.127Using the Tracking Generator to Measure a Filter ............................................................ 3.128

Section IV: Appendix..................................................................................... 4.11. Specifications .................................................................................................................... 4.2

Frequency Specifications .................................................................................................... 4.2Amplitude Specifications .................................................................................................... 4.3Inputs/Outputs ..................................................................................................................... 4.4

Front Panel .................................................................................................................... 4.4Rear Panel .................................................................................................................... 4.4

TG OUT .............................................................................................................................. 4.5Power Specifications .......................................................................................................... 4.5Other Specifications ........................................................................................................... 4.5CATV Measurement Specifications .................................................................................... 4.6Digital Measurement Specifications .................................................................................... 4.8

2. CATV Standards & Systems ............................................................................................. 4.93. Menu Navigation Tree ..................................................................................................... 4.11

8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Table of Contentsvii

Menu Navigation Tree ....................................................................................................... 4.11Amplitude Settings ...................................................................................................... 4.11Automatic/Manual Settings .......................................................................................... 4.11Auxiliary Measurements............................................................................................... 4.12Bandwidth Settings ..................................................................................................... 4.13Double Window Display Mode .................................................................................... 4.13Frequency Settings ..................................................................................................... 4.14Marker Tools................................................................................................................ 4.15Measurement Tools ..................................................................................................... 4.15Mode Selection ........................................................................................................... 4.16Multi-Trace Tools ......................................................................................................... 4.27Peak Signal Search Tools ........................................................................................... 4.27Signal Sweep Mode .................................................................................................... 4.28Signal Sweep Settings ................................................................................................ 4.28Span Settings .............................................................................................................. 4.29System Calibration ...................................................................................................... 4.29System Configuration .................................................................................................. 4.30Trigger Settings ........................................................................................................... 4.32

4. Information Window Messages ...................................................................................... 4.335. Index ................................................................................................................................. 4.41Warranty Information ............................................................................................................... 4.55

Section I: The Basics


8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Section I: The Basics1.2

1. General Information 1

Helpful WebsiteThe following website contains general information which may be of interest to you:

http://www.trilithic.com

Trilithic’s website contains product specifications and information, tips, release information,marketing information, Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs), bulletins and other technicalinformation. You can also check this website for product updates.

Where to Get Technical SupportTrilithic technical support is available Monday through Friday from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM EST.Callers in North America can dial 1-317-895-3600 or 1-800-344-2412 (toll free). Internationalcallers should dial 1-317-895-3600 or fax questions to 1-317-895-3613. You can also emailtechnical support at [email protected].

For quicker support response when calling or sending email, please provide the followinginformation:

• Your name and your company name

• The technical point of contact (name, phone number, email)

• The 8821Q-R serial number, firmware and hardware version numbers

• A detailed description of the problem you are having, including any error or informationmessages


How this Manual is OrganizedThank you for choosing the 8821Q-R. This manual is provided with the 8821Q-R to help the userbecome better acquainted with the device and to become productive faster. This manual isdivided into the following sections:

• Section I: The Basics - Provides Trilithic contact information, describes how thisOperation Manual is structured, gives an overview of the 8821Q-R and its basic features.Before using the 8821Q-R, it is recommended that the user read this section for anoverview of features, setup, basic commands and other important details. There are alsosections on how to calibrate the instrument and perform software & firmware updates.

• Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode - Provides instructions on how to use the basicfeatures shown available in the spectrum analyzer measurement mode of the 8821Q-R.This section is written as though the user is familiar with the basic operation of theinstrument and is broken into chapters for each function.

• Section III: Advanced Measurement Modes - Provides instructions on how to use theCATV, DTV, and Tracking Generator measurement modes of the 8821Q-R. This section iswritten as though the user is familiar with the basic operation of the instrument and isbroken into chapters for each function.

• Section IV: Appendix - Provides a set of system specifications as well as anyinformation window messages you may receive during normal operation of the 8821Q-R.

Note: A note is information that will be of assistance to you related to thecurrent step or procedure.

WARNING: A warning alerts you to any condition that could causepersonal injury.

Conventions Used in This ManualThis manual has several standard conventions for presenting information.

• Connections, menus, menu options, and user entered text and commands appear in bold.

• Section names, web and email addresses appear in italics.

CAUTION: A caution alerts you to any condition that could cause amechanical failure or potential loss of data.


Precautions

WARNING: Be sure to plug the power cable into an electrical outlet thathas a safety ground terminal. Grounding will be defeated if you use anextension cord that does not include a safety ground terminal.

WARNING: Do not open the instrument’s case, there are no userserviceable parts inside.

CAUTION: Use a power cable rated for the correct voltage. However,be sure to use a power cable conforming to safety standards of yournation when using a product overseas.


ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)Electrostatic discharge can damage or destroy electronic components; therefore, all work onelectronic assemblies should be performed at an antistatic workstation. The following suggestionsmay help to reduce ESD damage that may occur during testing and servicing operations.

• Before connecting any coaxial cable to the instrument, momentarily ground the center andouter conductors of the cable.

• Personnel should be grounded with a resistor-isolated wrist strap before touching thecenter pin of any connector and before removing any assembly from the unit.

• Be sure that all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent a buildup of staticcharge.


OverviewThis portable analyzer can be used anywhere in the cable network for analyzing RF signals with acomprehensive scope of measurements. From analysis of digitally modulated signals to test ofdistortion and noise parameters in the field, this spectrum analyzer is an industry workhorse. Theanalyzer is specifically focused on the cable TV industry with application specific test features.

Cable operators typically use spectrum analyzers in the headend and as a tool for elite (high tier)technicians to use for in-depth testing and troubleshooting. They are also used for FCC proof ofperformance tests. The 8821Q-R meets the precision testing needs of the customer with an easyto use interface.

2. Getting Started 2

Shipping InspectionAfter removing the instrument from its packaging, perform the following steps:

1. Take the instrument out of the case to ensure that no damage occurred during shipment.

Unload the case carefully and check the package. If the package is in good condition, saveit for later use. A damaged package indicates that the instrument has endured significantimpact during transportation. If the package is in such a condition, keep it in its originalstate and contact the freight company to perform an inspection (in your presence) of theinstrument. You can claim damages to the freight company according to the degree ofdamage to the instrument; contact us to arrange any repairs.

2. Check that all of the supplied equipment listed in the table on the following page is present.If any of the equipment is not present, contact Trilithic.

Part Number Model Description

2011094001 8821Q-R Spectrum Analyzer

2011094011 8821Q-R Spectrum Analyzer with Tracking Generator


Supplied EquipmentThe following equipment is included with the 8821Q-R Spectrum Analyzer:

Ω

Supplied Equipment

Suitcase on Wheels - Includes Zippered Storage Bag for Accessories

AC to DC Adapter/Charger

F-F Measurement Adapter

F-BNC Calibration Adapter

75 BNC-BNC Calibration Cable

RJ-45 Network Cable

RJ-45 Network Cross-Over Cable

USB Storage Device - Includes the Q-Lab Software and the Operation Manualsfor the Spectrum Analyzer and Q-Lab Software


Replacement PartsThe following replacement parts are available for the 8821Q-R Spectrum Analyzer:

To place an order, please call Trilithic at (800) 344-2412 or (317) 895-3600.

Part Number Description

2131258000 Suitcase on Wheels - Includes Zippered Storage Bag forAccessories

0610170000 AC to DC Adapter/Charger

0200597000 F-F Measurement Adapter

0200621000 F-BNC Calibration Adapter

2071722000 75 BNC-BNC Calibration Cable

XXXXXXXXXX RJ-45 Network Cable

XXXXXXXXXX RJ-45 Network Cross-Over Cable

2071724001 USB Storage Device

Ω


2 3 4 5 6 7 81

1. Main Power Switch: Turns the instrument ON or OFF. If the spectrum analyzer is turnedOFF while charging, the red light will illuminate; when charging is complete, the orange lightwill illuminate. If the spectrum analyzer is turned ON while charging, the green light willilluminate, and when charging is complete, the orange light will illuminate.

2. TFT Color LCD: Displays the signal graph, measurement information, and setupparameters.

3. USB Port: This port is used to connect to a USB flash drive or USB keyboard.

4. Softbuttons: Activates the corresponding function displayed on the screen.

5. Calibration Signal Output Port (CAL OUT): This port is used to output a standard RFsignal at 150 MHz with an amplitude of 28.7 dBmV. This is a standard 75Ω BNC typeconnector.

6. Tracking Generator Output Port (TG OUT): This port is used to output a tracking signalbetween 1 MHz and 1 GHz with an amplitude range between -5 and +43 dBmV. This is astandard 75Ω BNC type connector.

Front Panel

Overview

3. Getting to Know Your 8821Q-R 3


8. User Interface

See the following section for specific details of the function of each button of the userinterface.

7. Radio Frequency Input Port (RF IN)

This port is used to input RF signals with frequency ranges between 1 MHz and 1 GHz.This is a standard 75Ω male type “F”connector. Two adapters, a female type “F” barrelconnector and a female type “F” to female BNC type connector are provided with theinstrument.

CAUTION: If the input signal is overloaded, the attenuator and the inputmixer of the instrument may be damaged. Be cautious when testinghigh-power RF sources and transmission systems. The maximum inputpower is +68 dBmV.

CAUTION: If the voltage of the DC signal is too high, the inputattenuator may be damaged. Make sure that input DC voltage is lowerthan 100V.


User InterfaceThe user interface includes the following buttons to access various setup and measurementfunctions.

FUNC Buttons

FREQUENCYFREQUENCY : This button is used to set the center frequency, start frequency, stopfrequency, and frequency step of the displayed signal. For more information on how touse this button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 2: BasicMeasurement Settings, Frequency Settings or Section III: Advanced MeasurementFunctions, Chapter 3: DTV Analyzer, Channel & Frequency Settings.

SPANSPAN : This button is used to set the frequency span. For more information on howto use this button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 2: BasicMeasurement Settings, Span Settings.

AMPLITUDEAMPLITUDE : This button is used to set the reference level, log/linear scale, amplitudeunits, and vertical resolution. You can also manually or automatically set the attenuationand turn the reference offset and amplifier on and off. For more information on how touse this button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 2: BasicMeasurement Settings, Amplitude Settings.

WINDOWWINDOW : This button is used to turn the double window display mode on and off. Youcan also set the center, span, left, and right limits of the window zone as well as switchcontrol between each window. The double window display mode can only be used whilein the Spectrum Analyzer Mode. For more information on how to use this button, seeSection II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, DoubleWindow Display Mode.


MARKER Buttons

NORMALNORMAL : This button is used to place up to 8 markers on the signal and display thefrequency and amplitude information of this marker. For more information on how to usethis button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 4: BasicMeasurement Tools, Marker Tools.

PEAKPEAK : This button is used to search for the peak signal in the span, and then set amarker on this peak of the wave. The instrument will display the frequency andamplitude information for this marker. You can also search 8 peaks and sort them byfrequency or amplitude using the peak table and peak sort functions. For moreinformation on how to use this button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Peak Signal Search Tools.

CONTROL Buttons

SWEEPSWEEP : This button is used to set an automatic or manual signal sweep time and acontinuous or single signal sweep mode. For more information on how to use thisbutton, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 3: Basic ParameterSettings, Signal Sweep Settings.

BWBW : This button is used to set the an automatic or manual resolution BW and videoBW. You can also turn video averaging on and off, and set the number of averages. Formore information on how to use this button, see Section II: Spectrum AnalyzerMode, Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Bandwidth Settings.

TRIGTRIG : This button is used to set the trigger mode to free run, video or TV-H. When invideo trigger mode you can change the level and slope of the start trigger. When in TV-H trigger mode you can change the line and field of the TV Line trigger and set thetelevision standard. For more information on how to use this button, see Section II:Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Trigger Settings.

HOLDHOLD : This button is used to freeze the display of the current wave and thecorresponding measurements until this button is pressed again. For more informationon how to use this button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 3:Basic Parameter Settings, Signal Hold.


AUTOAUTO : This button is used to set the auto/manual state of RBW, VBW, attenuation,sweep time, and center frequency step. For more information on how to use this button,see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings,Automatic/Manual Settings.

TRACETRACE : This button is used to view three different traces for the same input in differenttime and parameter settings. You can also select from six available detector modes.For more information on how to use this button, see Section II: Spectrum AnalyzerMode, Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Multi-Trace Tools.

SGLSGL : This button is used to activate the single signal sweep mode. For moreinformation on how to use this button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Single Signal Sweep Mode.

AUXAUX : This button is used to perform measurements of channel power, occupiedbandwidth, adjacent channel power, demodulation, and input impedance. You can alsouse the limit line function to monitor the level of signal parameter. For more informationon how to use this button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 5:Auxiliary Measurement Tools.

SYSTEM Buttons

CONFIGCONFIG : This button is used to perform system configuration tasks including; obtainingthe instrument serial number and software/firmware version, printing and saving screencaptures, setting the communication baud rate, setting the system clock and dateformat, language selection, setting the display palette, firmware/software updates, andselecting the USB driver for your USB flash drive. For more information on how to usethis button, see Section I: The Basics, Chapter 4: System Configuration.

MODEMODE : This button is used to activate the Spectrum Analyzer, CATV Analyzer, QAMAnalyzer, or Tracking Generator measurement mode. For more information on how touse this button, see Section III: Advanced Measurement Modes.

PRINTPRINT

SAVESAVE: This button is used to print or save the currently displayed information. For more

information on how to use this button, see Section I: The Basics, Chapter 4: SystemConfiguration, Screen Images.


MEASMEAS : This button is used to obtain N dB PTS measurements and display deltameasurements as well as to view the internal temperature and current battery voltage ifthe instrument. You can also add a title to the currently displayed graphic to provide aneasy way of identifying any screen captures that you may need make. For moreinformation on how to use this button, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Measurement Tools.

CALCAL : This button is used to calibrate the frequency and amplitude of the instrument.You can also turn ON/OFF calibration and response data. For more information on howto use this button, see Section I: The Basics, Chapter 5: System Calibration.

RESETRESET : This button is used to perform a system reset. The instrument will reboot and youwill lose any unsaved data if this button is pressed.

ENTRY Buttons

0 ~ 9 : These buttons are used to enter the corresponding numerical values.

. : This button is used to enter the decimal point in numerical values.

: This button is used to enter a negative sign when entering numerical values or tobackspace when entering text or numerical values.

ENTERENTER : This button is used to accept changes and confirm numerical value entries.

ESCESC : This button is used to escape from the current function or view.

: This button is used to increase the value or a value or move up through a list. Youcan also use the knob to perform the same function.

: This button is used to decrease the value or a value or move down through a list.You can also use the knob to perform the same function.


Rear Panel

1. Tag – Model information and serial number

2. LAN - RJ-45 Ethernet port for PC communication

3. VIDEO – Not Used

4. S-VIDEO – Not Used

5. VGA – Not Used

6. COM – Not Used

7. PARALLEL – Not Used

8. KEYBOARD – Standard PS2 keyboard input

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 129

CAUTION: Turn the power OFF before connecting a keyboard to theanalyzer; failure to do so may cause damage to the instrument.


9. Power Supply ON/OFF Switch - This switch is used to turn the power on/off to the powersupply without disconnecting the AC to DC Adapter from the instrument.

WARNING: Use the charger provided for this instrument. Failure to doso may cause operator injury or damage to the instrument.

10.CHARGER – Connect the included AC to DC Adapter to this input in order to charge theinternal battery.

11. Fan – If the internal temperature of the instrument is too high, the fan will automatically startto cool the instrument.

12.Ground – Chassis ground connection


4. System Configuration 4

OverviewThe basic system configuration settings of the spectrum analyzer are used to set the Date, Time,Communications Settings, Display Screen Title, and Display Palette of the device. The CONFIGCONFIG

Button is located in the lower right corner of the user interface, as shown in the following figure:

You will also learn how to capture and manage screen images using the PRINTPRINT

SAVESAVE Button as

highlighted above.


Pressing the CONFIGCONFIG Button on the front panel enables you to perform the system configuration. TheSystem Configuration sub-menu will appear as follows;

The System Configuration sub-menu will allow you to;

• View general system Information including; Serial Number, Software Version, FirmwareVersion, etc.

• Adjust communications settings.

• View, Save, and Load preset system settings.

• Adjust time and date settings.

• Choose your default language settings.

• View and delete files stored on internal memory and save files to a USB drive.

• Change the display palette between the XP, Classic, and Outdoor views.

• Change the title that is displayed at the top of the measurement screen.

(a) System Configuration Sub-MenuPage 1 of 2

(b) System Configuration Sub-MenuPage 2 of 2


About MenuPress the About Softbutton as shown in Figure (a) on the previous page; this will enable you toview the following information about the 8821Q-R;

• Serial Number

• Software Version

• DSP Firmware Version

• Available Memory Information

• Calibration information

• Option information


Communications SettingsAfter pressing the Comm Settings Softbutton, the sub-menu which is in the following figure willappear.

Baud Rate (NOT AVAILABLE)Although this menu allows you to adjust the Baud Rate of the RS-232 COM port, this port is notfunctional on the 8821Q-R.


IP AddressAfter pressing the IP Address Softbutton, the sub-menu, which is shown in the following figure,will appear and you can set the IP address of the 8821Q-R by using the keypad to enter the IPAddress in the format ###.###.###.###. After you have entered the IP Address, you can pressthe ENTERENTER Button to accept the new IP Address.


System Preset SettingsPress the Preset Settings Softbutton to view the sub-menu that is shown in the following figure. Inthis menu, you can choose to Save the current System Settings, Load or Del an existing SystemSettings, or View all existing System Settings that have ever been saved.


Date FormatPress the Date Format Softbutton to choose your desired date format, select thecorresponding softbutton as shown in the figure below. Available date formats include;YY-MM-DD, MM-DD-YY, or DD-MM-YY.

Time & Date SettingsAfter pressing the Time Settings Softbutton; you can set the time display to On or Off. If youselect On, you can enter the local date and time.


Date EntryTo enter the current date, press the Set Date Softbutton and enter the date in the formatYYYYMMDD as shown in the figure below.

Time EntryTo enter the current time, press the Set Time Softbutton and enter the date in the formatHHMMSS as shown in the figure below.


Language Select (NOT AVAILABLE)Although the this menu allows you to adjust the Language of the 8821Q-R, this feature is notfunctional on the 8821Q-R.


Screen Images

Capturing Screen ImagesWhile in any measurement screen you are able to capture the currently displayed image bypressing the PRINTPRINT

SAVESAVE Button. You will be prompted to enter a file name. Use the keypad to type

the name of the image file. When you have finished entering the name of the file, press theENTERENTER Button to confirm the name of the file.

Use the following figure as a reference to the characters that are available when entering thefile name using the keypad. The red text below represents the alphabetical characters that canbe entered by repeatedly pressing the corresponding numerical button.

0

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

.

ESCESC

ENTERENTER

pqrspqrs

ghighi

abcabc defdef

jkljkl mnomno

tuvtuv wxyzwxyz

BackBack

SpaceSpace

NotNot

UsedUsed0#0#

Note: To change between color or black and white screen images, seeSelecting the Type of Screen Capture in this chapter.


Selecting the Type of Screen CaptureTo choose the type of screen capture that is taken, press the Type Softbutton to selectbetween Col (Color) or B&W (Black & White).

Selecting Screen Capture ImagesTo choose the images to delete or transfer to a USB drive, you can turn the knob or press the

or Button to move the arrow that is located to the left of the image files. Once the

arrow is next to the image file you want to delete or transfer, press the ENTERENTER Softbutton. Thenthe corresponding image file will be selected.

If you would like to select all of the image files in memory to delete or transfer to a USB Drive,simply press the Select All Softbutton.

Managing Screen ImagesPress the Print/Save Softbutton and the sub-menu shown Figure (a) will appear. From thePrint/Save sub-menu, press the Save Softbutton to view the sub-menu shown in figure (b).

(a) Print/Save Sub-Menu (b) Save Sub-Menu


Transmitting Images Using the RS-232 COM Port (NOT AVAILABLE)Although this menu allows you to select the Trans To RS-232 Softbutton, this feature is notfunctional on the 8821Q-R.

Saving Images to a USB DriveTo save selected image files to a USB Drive select the Trans to USB Disk Softbutton. Theimage files will then be copied to the USB Drive while retaining the original image files in theinternal memory of the 8821Q-R until they are manually deleted.

Note: To transfer images to the USB Drive, the USB Drive should beinserted into the USB Port before starting the instrument.


Deleting Screen Image Capture FilesTo delete selected image files, select the Delete Softbutton.

You will be prompted with the question Really Del The File(s). To confirm the deleting theselected files, select the ENTERENTER Button to delete or select the ESCESC button to cancel thedeletion of the image files.

Previewing Screen Image CapturesPress the Preview Softbutton to preview the screen image captures that are stored in theinternal memory of the 8821Q-R.

You can turn the knob or press the or Button to move between the image files inalphabetical order by file name. Once the arrow is next to the image file you want to preview,press the Preview Softbutton.

To return to the Save Sub-Menu, select the ESCESC Button.


Display PaletteTo provide a more comfortable user environment, you can change the color of display screen tobetter suit your personal preference or user environment. You can choose between the threedifferent styles shown in the figures below.

(a) XP Screen Palette (b) Classic Screen Palette

(c) Outdoor Screen Palette


When rotating the knob, the cursor under the character will move with it. Set the cursor on thecharacter you want to choose, then press the ENTERENTER Button. The selected character will appear in

the title position. Pressing the Button will erase any unwanted characters.

Press the Save Sofbutton to save the title. Otherwise, the input will be lost after pressing theReturn Softbutton.

Display Screen TitleAfter pressing the Title Softbutton, the following sub-menu will appear:


5. System Calibration 5

OverviewFor the analyzer to meet its specifications and characteristics, the self-calibration routines shouldbe performed periodically or whenever the ambient temperature changes more than 5°C.

System calibration includes amplitude calibration. This amplitude calibration is used to adjust forany amplitude errors that can be caused by window functions of different RBW or attenuators.

Calibration ProcedureAllow the analyzer to warm up for 30 minutes beforeperforming the following calibration steps:

1. Connect the CAL OUT and RF IN Port on the frontpanel of the 8821Q-R using the included BNC-BNCcalibration cable.

CAUTION: Make sure that the BNC-BNC cable used for calibration isthe cable delivered with the instrument.


Cal Data: Adds the calibration data to the spectrum display.

Resp Data: Adds the frequency response data to the spectrum display. The responsedata is set at the factory and is unable to be changed by the user.

Note: During the process of calibration, the instrument is unable torespond to any keyboard commands except the RESETRESET Button.

2. Press the CALCAL Button on the front-panel; the following sub-menu will appear. Press theAmplitude Softbutton to calibrate the amplitude of the 8821Q-R. When the calibration iscomplete, the text Calibrate Success appears in the upper left portion of the screen asshown below.

(a) Calibration Sub-Menu (a) Calibrate Success


OverviewIf you need to update the 8821Q-R software & firmware, please download the update file fromhttp://www.trilithic.com or contact Trilithic Application Engineering to obtain the newest version.

Software & Firmware Update ProcedurePerform the following steps in order to update the software & firmware of the 8821Q-R;

1. Verify and record the current software & firmware version numbers from the About Sub-Menu as shown in Chapter 4: System Configuration, About Menu.

2. Copy the firmware update file you obtained from Trilithic to the root directory of the USBDrive.

3. While the 8821Q-R is turned off, insert the USB Drive into the USB port of the 8821Q-R.

6. Software & Firmware Updates 6

Note: If the version number of the new software & firmware has notchanged or does not match the version number of the update file youobtained from Trilithic, retry the update or contact Trilithic for support.

Note: The update file will be removed from the USB Disk once thesoftware & firmware update is complete.

6. After the firmware update is complete, the 8821Q-R will reboot.

7. Verify the new software & firmware version numbers from the About Sub-Menu as shownin Chapter 4: System Configuration, About Menu.

4. Start the 8821Q-R by pressing the power button.

5. The firmware update will automatically start when the 8821Q-R is turned on and theprogress of the update will be displayed on the screen.

CAUTION: Make sure that the charger is connected to the 8821Q-Rand a power source before continuing with the update process. If you donot connect a power source, the instrument’s battery power may beexhausted and the software & firmware on the instrument may bedestroyed and cannot be recovered unless the instrument is sent backto Trilithic.

Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode


8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode2.2

1. Overview 1

After pressing the MODEMODE Button the Mode Menu will appear, and you can access the SpectrumAnalyzer Mode by pressing the Spectrum Analyzer Softbutton:

IntroductionThe spectrum analyzer is accessed using the MODEMODE Button that is located on the user interface, asshown in the following figure:


Single Window Display ModeOnce the instrument has been turned on, the single window spectrum analyzer screen will be thedefault view of the instrument as shown below or you can press the MODEMODE Button and select theSpectrum Analyzer Softbutton.

12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

14

13

1516

17

18 19 20 2521 2322 24 26


Item Annotation Description

1 Date

Displays the current date.

To adjust the date see: Section I: The Basics, Chapter 4: SystemConfiguration, Time & Date Settings.

2 Log/Line Mode

Displays whether the amplitude is currently shown in either Logarithmicor Linear Mode.

To adjust this setting see: Chapter 2: Basic Measurement Settings,Amplitude Settings, Log/Linear Scale.

3 Time

Displays the current time.

To adjust the time see Section I: The Basics, Chapter 4: SystemConfiguration, Time & Date Settings.

4 Amplitude Scale

Displays the current amplitude scale graduation.

To adjust the amplitude scale see: Chapter 2: Basic MeasurementSettings, Amplitude Settings, Scale/Div.

5 Detector Mode

Displays whether the detector mode is currently enabled.

To enable/disable the detector mode setting see: Chapter 4: BasicMeasurement Tools, Marker Tools.

6 Detector Type

Displays the type of detector that is currently enabled.

To adjust this setting see: Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, PeakSignal Search Tools.

7 Display Screen Title

Displays the current user-entered title of the display screen.

To adjust this setting see: Section I: The Basics, Chapter 4: SystemConfiguration, Display Screen Title.

8 Marker Frequency

Displays the frequency of the selected marker.

To adjust the frequency of the selected marker see: Chapter 4: BasicMeasurement Tools, Marker Tools.

The following table describes the measurement information that is displayed in the Single WindowMode of the Spectrum Analyzer Screen.



9 Marker Amplitude Displays the amplitude of the selected marker.

10 UNCAL Message Displays that the measurement is in an uncalibrated configuration.

11 Soft-Menu Displays the menu items within the current menu that can be selectedby pressing the corresponding softkey to the right of the display screen.

12 Reference Level

Displays the current reference level.

To adjust the reference level see: Chapter 2: Basic MeasurementSettings, Amplitude Settings, Reference Level.

13 Active Function Area Used to display the currently active function as well as user-enteredvalues.

14 Waveforms Displays the waveform that is currently being measuered.

15 Display Line Delta

Shows change at the display line between the current waveform to thewaveform that is memorized when the display line delta function isturned on.

To enable the display line delta function see: Chapter 4: BasicMeasurement Tools, Miscellaneous Measurement Tools, Display LineMeasurement.

16 Position of Display Line

Shows the current value of the display line.

To adjust the position of the display line see: Chapter 4: BasicMeasurement Tools, Miscellaneous Measurement Tools, Display LineMeasurement.

17 Center Frequency

Displays the currently selected center frequency of the display.

To adjust the center frequency see: Chapter 2: Basic MeasurementSettings, Frequency Settings, Center Frequency.

18 RBW

Displays the current resolution bandwidth frequency (RBW is precededby an asterisk (*) when set in Manual Mode)

To adjust the resolution bandwidth see: Chapter 2: Basic ParameterSettings, Bandwidth Settings.



19 VBW

Displays the current video bandwidth filter frequency (VBW is precededby an asterisk (*) when set in Manual Mode).

To adjust the video bandwidth filter frequency see: Chapter 1: BasicParameter Settings, Bandwidth Settings.

20 Span

Displays the currently selected frequency span of the display.

To adjust the center frequency see: Chapter 1: Basic MeasurementSettings, Span Settings.

21 Sweep Time

Displays the currently selected time required to make a sweep of thedisplay (SWEEP is preceded by an asterisk (*) when set in ManualMode)

To adjust the sweep time see: Chapter 1: Basic Parameter Settings,Signal Sweep Settings.

22 Tracking Generator

Displays whether the tracking generator (if installed) is currentlyenabled.

To enable/disable the tracking generator see: Section III: AdvancedMeasurement Modes, Chapter 3: Tracking Generator.

23 Attenuator Level

Displays the current attenuator level (ATT is preceded by an asterisk (*)when set in the Manual Mode)

To adjust the attenuator level see: Chapter 1: Basic MeasurementSettings, Amplitude Settings, Attenuation.

24 Battery/Charging Status Displays the voltage status of the battery including whether the batteryis charging.

25 Preamplifier Status

Displays whether the amplifier is currently enabled.

To enable/disable the preamplifier see: Chapter 1: Basic MeasurementSettings, Amplitude Settings, Preamplifier.

26 Fan Status Displays whether the internal fan is currently running.


Double Window Display ModeThis function allows you to view the integral information of the signal in one window whileobserving the details in the other window.

After pressing the WINDOWWINDOW Button, two windows of the same size, which are shown in thefollowing figure will appear:

The upper window shows the wide BW signal information; the parameter settings of this windoware the same as the single window. The lower window shows the information of the zone plotted bytwo blue lines. The two windows can use different settings. Therefore, the lower window can be thestretched version of the upper window (when the two blue lines are set in the sweep span of theupper window). The two windows can work separately as well. The start and stop frequency of thelower window can be set outside the sweep span of the upper window. At that time, the two bluelines will lay at the leftmost or rightmost side of the upper window.

The spectrums can be changed to be viewed in different settings, but only one of the windowsettings can be changed at a time. This window is called the active window, and is designated bythe Win Select Softbutton highlighting Up or Down.

Parameters of the two windows can be set separately including reference level, sweep span,RBW, VBW, sweep time, center frequency, etc.

Note: Window function will be available only when the instrument is inSpectrum Analyzer mode.


Zone SelectionZone selected operations include Zone Center, Zone Span, Zone PK Right and Zone PK Left.

The span and frequency of the lower window will change with the change of the zone.

ZONE CENTERThe center frequency of the lower window will change with the change of Zone Center, whilethe span of it will be unchanged.

There are two ways to change the Zone Center:

1. Press the or Button: the step is 1/10 of the span.

2. Rotating the knob: the step is 1/500 of the span.

You can use the same method to change Zone Span, Zone PK Right and Zone PK Left.

ZONE SPANThe span of the lower window will change with the change of Zone Span. In some cases,changing Zone Span will cause the RBW, VBW and sweep time changes of the lowerwindow.

ZONE PK RIGHT/LEFTPressing the Zone PK Right/Zone PK Left Softbutton will change the right/left limit of thezone.


Window SwitchPressing Win Select will activate the window you need.

Zoom SelectionAfter setting the Zoom Sel to On, you can zoom the active window to full screen.


2. Basic Measurement Settings 2

OverviewThe basic measurement settings of the spectrum analyzer are used to set the frequency, span,and amplitude of the input signal. The FREQUENCYFREQUENCY , SPANSPAN and AMPLITUDEAMPLITUDE Buttons arelocated on the upper left corner of the user interface, as shown in the following figure:


Frequency SettingsAfter pressing the FREQUENCYFREQUENCY Button, the following sub-menu will appear:


2. Press the or Button: change by the step that is defined by Freq Step.

3. Rotate the knob: change by a step of 1/500 of the span.

You can use the same method to enter the value of the Start Frequency, Stop Frequency andFrequency Step as described in the following sections.

Note: The frequency range is limited to the range of 0 to 1000 MHz; if avalue is entered outside of this range, it will be set to the nearest limit.

Note: In most parameter input cases, the information about the item andthe input value will display on the screen, see the figure above.

Center FrequencyPress the Centr Freq Softbutton to change the current center frequency. There are threemethods to enter the frequency value:

1. To directly enter the number, press the numeric buttons; the Unit Menu will appear,which is shown in the following figure. Select the unit from this menu to complete thecenter frequency change. To set the center frequency to 20 MHz, press the 2 and 0numeric buttons; then choose MHz. The center frequency change is now complete.


Start FrequencyPressing the Start Freq Softbutton allows you to change the start frequency.

Stop FrequencyPressing the Stop Freq Softbutton allows you to change the stop frequency.

Frequency StepThe default value of Freq Step is 1/10 of the span. Pressing the Freq Step Softbutton andsetting it to Manu allows you to enter the frequency step.

Span SettingsAfter pressing the SPANSPAN Button, the following sub-menu will appear:

SpanSpan equals the stop frequency minus the start frequency. The span setting determines thehorizontal-axis scale of the analyzer display. The span range of the instrument is from 0 Hz to1000 MHz. The larger the span is set, the more signals can be viewed, but the lower precisionthe measurement will become. On the contrary, the narrower the span is set, the fewer signalscan be viewed, and the higher precision the measurement will become. Therefore, choosingthe appropriate span is important.


The following figure is an example of a 50 MHz span.

There are three methods to change the span: The first is to perform a manual entry. Thesecond is to press the or Button; change steps are 1, 2, 5, and the changesequence is 200 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz….1000 MHz. The last method is to rotate the knob;the change step is 1/100 of the span.

Note: When the RBW and the sweep time are set to Manu, largespans will cause inaccurate measurement results. In such cases, thesystem will give the prompt UNCAL. For more information, seeChapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Bandwidth Settings in thisSection.

Note: Pressing the or Button cannot change the span to0 Hz.

Note: When using the or Button to change the sequence, ifthe current span isn’t listed on the change sequence, it will be treatedas the nearest lower number in the sequence. That is, 199 Hz will betreated as 0 Hz. Pressing the Button, however, will change thespan to 200 Hz.


The following figure is an example of a wide bandwidth.

Span ZoomAfter pressing the Span Zoom Softbutton, the system will search through all signals to find thepeak signal. When the peak signal is located, this frequency will be centered on the screen,and the span will be adjusted appropriately for optimal display.

Full SpanChanges the span to 1000 MHz.

Zero SpanChanges the span to 0 Hz. This shows the time domain information of selected frequency.Zero span is very useful for observing the AM and FM signals and the signal of time domain.For more information, see Chapter 5: Auxiliary Measurement Tools, DemodulationMeasurements.

Last SpanChanges the current span back to last span. You can directly switch between current span andthe last span by pressing this softbutton.


Amplitude SettingsAfter pressing the AMPLITUDEAMPLITUDE Button, the following sub-menu will appear:


Reference LevelThe reference level is displayed as Ref in the upper left corner of the screen as shown in thefollowing figure:

Note: The smallest reference value changes in accord with a changedattenuator setting. The details are described in the next section.

The instrument’s unit of reference can be set to dBm, dBmV, dBμV, and mV. The exchangeformula between the different units is shown in the table below.

Formula Source Value New Value

dBm = dBµV - 108.8 68.8 dBµV -40 dBm

dBm = dBmV - 48.8 8.8 dBmV -40 dBm

dBm = 20*log(mV) - 48.8 2.778 mV -40 dBm


There are three methods to change the reference level:

1. To enter by using the numeric buttons: After entering the number, the Unit Menu willappear. Choose the unit you need to finish the reference level entry.

2. To enter by using the or Button: The increment of change for this methodcorresponds to the amplitude of one grid spacing.

3. To enter by using the knob: The increment of change for this method corresponds to theamplitude of 1/10 of one grid spacing.


AttenuationThe attenuator is an important part of the instrument. It can reduce the signal distortion byattenuating the power level at the first mixer input. The attenuator values range from 0 to 55 dBwith 5 dB increments; the default value is 10 dB.

Increasing the value of the attenuator can diminish the mixer distortion, but the system’s basenoise will increase too, which will reduce the range of measurable signal. In Auto mode, thesystem can automatically provide a suitable attenuator value. If you want to set the attenuatormanually, you should first set the Atten Softbutton (shown in the Reference Level figure) toManu and then enter the value using the numeric buttons, or Button or the knob. By

using the or Button or the knob, the change increment is 5 dB, and the attenuatorcannot be set to 0 dB.

CAUTION: The amplitude of the signal at the input of the first mixershould be less than +28 dBmV; otherwise the signal may be distorted.


Log/Linear ScaleIn Log state, the difference of Y-coordinates has the direct ratio to ΔdB, while in the Linearstate it has the direct ratio to voltage difference ΔV. In most cases, the instrument is in Logstate, but in some special cases (for example, when measuring the modulation degree of AM),the Linear state is the better choice.

The commonly used units in the Log state are dBm, dBµV or dBmV. The wave will not changewith the change of unit.

The commonly used units in Linear state are mV, V, µV or nV. The wave will not change withthe change of unit.

The figure below shows the different measurement results of the same signal; (a) is in Logstate, and (b) is in Linear state.

(a) Log State: Ref is 26.8 dBmV (b) Linear State: Ref is 21.9 mV


Vertical ResolutionAfter pressing the Amp Units Softbutton, the following sub-menu will appear:

Choose the resolution unit you want and then press the Return Softbutton to finish the setting.

Note: Changing the resolution will not change the Log/Linear state.


Scale/DivThe Scale/Div is displayed on the upper portion of the screen.

In Log state: the default is 10 dB/Div (grid line). After pressing the Scale/Div Softbutton, youcan enter the numeric value from 1 to 40 or decimal number from 0.1 to 0.9 to change thescale to the state wanted. The Scale/Div can be changed by using the or Buttons orthe knob.

In Linear state: Scale/Div is shown as x n. After pressing the Scale/Div Softbutton, the sub-menu will appear. You can choose x1, x2, x5, or x10 in this sub-menu. 1/n is the ratio of voltagedifference between the lowest level displayed on the screen and the reference level. Forexample, when the reference level is 1 mV, if the Scale/Div is x1, the lowest voltage displayedon the screen is 0 mV, but if the Scale/Div is x2, the lowest voltage displayed on the screen willbe 0.5 mV.

Whether in Log or Linear state, the change of Scale/Div will not change the measured value.

(a) 10 dB/Div in Log State (b) 5 dB/Div in Log State

(c) X1 Scale/Div in Linear State (d) X2 Scale/Div in Linear State


PreamplifierThere is a preamplifier in the 8821Q-R. By pressing the Amplifier Softbutton, you can set theOn/Off state of this amplifier according to the signal intensity.

Reference OffsetThis option is used to enter an offset value that will be added to all amplitude measurements.


3. Basic Control Settings 3

OverviewThe basic parameter settings of the spectrum analyzer are used to set the Bandwidth, SignalSweep, Automatic/Manual Settings, and Trigger Settings of the input signal. The SWEEPSWEEP , BWBW , TRIGTRIG ,

HOLDHOLD , AUTOAUTO , and SGLSGL Buttons are located on the bottom middle of the user interface, as shown inthe following figure:


Bandwidth SettingsAfter pressing the BWBW Button, the following sub-menu will appear:


Resolution BWResolution bandwidth (RBW) refers to the IF filter bandwidth of spectrum analyzer. RBWdefines the smallest frequency difference of two adjacent signals that can be distinguished bythe spectrum analyzer. Therefore, the narrower the RBW is set, the better the frequencyresolution of the analyzer. Narrower RBWs require more measurement time (see also SweepMode, Sweep Time and Hold section in this chapter). If the sweep time is too fast or the RBWtoo narrow, the system will give the prompt UNCAL.

See the following figure for the largest RBW that can distinguish the signals.

If RBW is set to Manu and the frequency span exceeds the range listed in the following table(RBW Auto Settings), the system will give the prompt UNCAL.


The RBW can be changed from 30 Hz to 3 MHz in a 1,3,10 sequence. After setting the ResBW to Manu, change the RBW by entering the number, pressing the or Button, orrotating the knob.

Span RBW

Span <= 5 kHz 30 Hz

Span <= 10 kHz 100 Hz

Span <= 20 kHz 300 Hz

Span <= 50 kHz 1 kHz

Span <= 100 kHz 3 kHz

Span <= 1 MHz 10 kHz




Span <= 500 MHz 1 MHz

Span > 500 MHz 3 MHz


In figure (b) above, there is a *VBW on the screen, in which * indicates that VBW is in Manualstate. The same * is used to indicate the Manual state of RBW, sweep time and the attenuationlevel.

Video BWVideo bandwidth (VBW) controls the lowpass filter after the IF detector, which can reduce themagnitude of noise in the detected trace. It is very useful for detecting signals near the noisefloor. To improve the filter’s effect, manually set the VBW to smaller than 1/10 of the RBW.When VBW is set to Auto, the VBW will change with RBW. A lower VBW requires a longersweep time.

(a) VBW = 300 kHz (b) VBW = 300 Hz


Video AverageAfter setting the Video Avg to On, the spectrum will calculate the average value of currenttrace and previous traces values. The default state of Video Avg is Off.

Video Avg will also reduce the displayed noise on the trace but without an increase in sweeptime. When Video Avg is set On, the Detector mode will be changed to Sample modeautomatically. For more information, see Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Multi-TraceTools, Detector Mode in this Section.

The default number averages is 100. Pressing the numeric button after setting the Video Avgto On will change the number of averages.

(a) Video Average if Off (b) Video Average is On


Signal Sweep SettingsAfter pressing the SWEEPSWEEP Button, the following sub-menu will appear:

Sweep time is dependent upon span, RBW and VBW. If the sweep time is too fast for the currentsettings of span, RBW and VBW, the system will give the prompt UNCAL. Set the Sweep Timeto Manu and enter the desired time.


There are two sweep modes; one is Continuous, and the other is Single. The default mode isContinuous. If you want to set the type of Sweep mode to Single, you can set the SweepSoftbutton to Sigl or press the SGLSGL Button to activate a single sweep. Pressing the SGLSGL Buttonagain will activate another single sweep. To access the Continuous Signal Sweep Mode, selectthe Sweep Softbutton to set it to Cont.

Signal HoldTo freeze the current signal display on the screen, press the HOLDHOLD Button. To reactivate the signal

sweep, press the HOLDHOLD Button again.

Single Signal Sweep ModeTo directly access the Single Signal Sweep Mode, press the SGLSGL Button, as shown in thefollowing figure:

Note: When the signal display is frozen, neither of the sweep modescan be activated despite being in Continuous Signal Sweep Mode orSingle Signal Sweep Mode.


Automatic/Manual SettingsAfter pressing the AUTOAUTO Button, the following sub-menu will appear:

You can select the Auto/Manu state of the Resolution Bandwidth, Video Bandwidth, Attenuation,Sweep Time, or CF Step. By pressing the Auto All Softbutton, you can set the state of all of theseparameters to Auto.


Trigger SettingsAfter pressing the TRIGTRIG Button, the following sub-menu will appear:

Free RunThis is the default mode of the system.


Video Rise / Fall EdgeIn this mode, you can change the level of Start Trigger by rotating the knob after selecting theVideo Rise Edge or Video Fall Edge Softbutton.

TV-HIn this mode, the TV Line Trigger is selected. You can change the line and set the field to Odd/Even. Also, you can set the standard to B/D/G/I/H/K/K1/L or M/N.


4. Basic Measurement Tools 4

OverviewThe basic measurement tools of the spectrum analyzer are used to set parameters for the marker,peak signal search, multi-trace, and measurement tools. Also, this section describes theoperation of the Double Window Display Mode. The NORMALNORMAL , PEAKPEAK , TRACETRACE , and MEASMEAS Buttons arelocated on the user interface, as shown in the following figure:


Marker ToolsAfter pressing the NORMALNORMAL Button, the following sub-menu will appear:

After pressing the Mkr Normal Softbutton, if no marker is set to On, the system will automaticallyset the Mkr Normal to On. If other markers are On, the state of these markers will remainunchanged.

To turn off all markers, press the All Off Softbutton.

Normal Marker

After pressing the Mkr Normal Softbutton or pressing the NORMALNORMAL Button while no marker is setto On, the normal marker will appear on the screen. At the same time, the amplitude andfrequency/time information of this marker will be displayed on the upper right side of thescreen. When the span is set to zero, the trace displayed on the screen is a time domainwave; therefore, the horizontal axis is changed from frequency to time. The start time is zero,and the stop time is equal to the sweep time. The displayed marker information is alsochanged to display time.


The location of the marker can be changed by three methods:

1. Press the or Button. The step change of this method is 1/10 of span.

2. Rotate the knob. The step change is 1/500 of the span.

3. Manually input the number desired.

When the Mkr Normal is On, press Marker To Center/Marker to Ref Lvl to set thefrequency/amplitude of the marked point to center frequency/reference level.

(a) Before Pressing Marker To Ref Lvl (b) After Pressing Marker to Ref Lvl

(c) Before Pressing Marker To Center (d) After Pressing Marker To Center


Delta MarkAfter pressing this softbutton, two markers will appear on the screen. The start positions ofthese two markers are the same. Rotating the knob, pressing the or Button ormanually entering the frequency value will change the position of the second marker. Theamplitude and frequency/time difference between the two markers will be displayed on theupper right portion of the screen. The main function of Delta Mark is to compare two signals asshown in the following figure:


Fixed MarkFixed Mark is similar to Delta Mark. The main function of Fixed Mark is to view the differencebetween two markers. The method to change the position of the second marker is the sameas Delta Mark. The difference is that the first marker will be frozen after setting the Fixed MarkSoftbutton to On, and its position will not change with the signal again, except when thereference level or the frequency is changed (the absolute amplitude and frequency value of thismarker is unchanged).


Multi-Marker and Marker TableAfter pressing the 1/2,More> Softbutton, the second menu will appear, as shown in thefollowing figure:

The instrument can display 8 markers simultaneously. After pressing the Select MkrSoftbutton, you can switch between these markers. Once you have switched to the marker youdesire, press the Marker Softbutton to set the ON/OFF state.


After selecting the marker and setting its state to ON, you can change the marker’s position inthe same way as changing Mkr Normal.

The marker table displays values of all active markers, as shown in the following figure:

Note: When switching between Mkr Normal, Delta Mark, Fixed Markand Multi-Markers, the previous marker is automatically set to OFF.


Note: If the Count Softbutton is set to On, the displayed frequency willchange from the frequency of marker to the frequency of the strongestsignal around the marker.

CountFrequency Count will give the accurate frequency of the strongest signal near the marker. Thebandwidth of the counter is +/- 100 kHz, and the resolution is 1 Hz.

(a) Count Off (b) Count On


Mark NoiseAfter setting Mark Noise to On, you can obtain the average power of the noise relative to a 1Hz noise bandwidth. It will take the place of the amplitude displayed on the upper right portionof the screen.

Noise/HzAfter setting Noise/Hz to On, the difference between current amplitude and the average noisepower will display on the screen.


Peak Signal Search ToolsAfter pressing the PEAKPEAK Button, the following sub-menu will appear:

Peak SearchIf there is no marker set to On, the system will search for the peak signal in the span and setthe marker on it when the PEAKPEAK Button is pressed.

Next Peak, Next Right Peak and Next Left PeakNext Peak: Searches for the peak value that is lower than the one that is marked.

Next Right Peak: Searches for the next peak value on the right side of the current marker.

Next Left Peak: Searches for the next peak value on the left side of the current marker.

Marker to Center and Marker to Ref LvlPressing Marker To Center/Marker To Ref Lvl can set the frequency/amplitude of currentactive marker to the center frequency/reference level. If there is more than one marker in theOn state, the marker that the Select Mkr is pointed to is treated as the active marker.


Peak Table and Peak SortPeak table has a format similar to marker table. See figure below. Pressing the PK SortSoftbutton can sort the found peaks by Freq or Amp. When setting the PK Table to On, thesystem will search 8 peaks and sort them by frequency or amplitude. The default state is byamplitude. The frequency/time and amplitude information for these peaks will display on thebottom of the screen. The peaks will change with the wave change.

Peak TrackWhen setting the state of Peak Track to On, the system will search the peak and change thecenter frequency automatically. Otherwise, the peak marker will stay on the initially searchedfrequency/time.


Multi-Trace ToolsAfter pressing the TRACETRACE Button, the following sub-menu will appear.

There are three traces that you can choose: A, B or C. You can switch between these traces bypressing the Trace Softbutton. The three traces are different waves for the same input that can beviewed in different time and parameter settings.

WriteTrace A defaults to Write Mode. In this mode, the wave is continuously refreshed.


BlankErases the display of the selected trace.

Max HoldMax Hold mode is similar to Write mode, but the wave shown on the screen will keep thelargest value after comparing the history when the Max Hold mode is selected.

Min HoldMin Hold mode is similar to Write mode, but the wave shown on the screen will keep thesmallest value after comparing the history when the Min Hold mode is selected.

ViewAfter pressing the View Softbutton, the trace will be held. When changing to other traces, youcan see the changes of the wave with the different parameter settings. The following figuregives an example of the View Softbutton. Trace A is in the View state, and the reference levelis 26.3 dBµV. When changing the reference to 11.3 dBµV, only the trace in Write modechanged, while Trace A remains unchanged.


Detector ModesThe instrument has 5 detector modes, which are shown in the figures below.

(a) Sample (b) Posi-Peak

(c) Neg-Peak (d) Normal

(e) Average


SampleThe detector samples the data point during the middle of the VBW filter output of eachsweep point, and then displays it. It is more suitable for viewing the noise.

Positive-PeakThe detector samples the positive value of VBW filter output of each sweep point, anddisplays it. If the sweep time is long enough, this detector can put out the maximum envelopof the modulated signal.

Negative-PeakThis detector is the opposite of the positive-peak detector. The output of it is the minimumenvelop of the signal.

NormalThis detector continuously samples the positive-peak value of the signal, while alternatelysampling the positive and the negative peak value of the noise and displays it.

AverageThe output of this detector is the average value of all detected values for each sweep point.


Measurement ToolsAfter pressing the MEASMEAS Button, the following sub-menu will appear:

N dB PTSPress the N dB PTS Softbutton to set it to On. The analyzer will measure the selected (N)bandwidth of the displayed signal relative to the peak of the signal. The result is displayed inupper right portion of the screen. The default value is -3 dB, and the output is the frequencydifference of two points, which have an amplitude of 3 dB lower than the peak value.


Display Line and Display DeltaAfter setting the Disp Line to On, a red line will appear in the middle of the screen, and theamplitude of it will appear on the upper right portion of the screen.

After setting Disp Line to On, set DL Delta to On. At that moment, the wave will bememorized and the amplitude difference of current wave and the memorized will be displayedaround the Disp Line.

The default position of Disp Line is in the middle of the screen. You can change the positionby rotating the knob or pressing the or Button.

(a) Display Line In Default Position (b) After Display Line Shift


Internal Temperature and Battery VoltageAfter pressing the Temperature or Voltage Softbutton, you can obtain the internaltemperature or current battery voltage of the spectrum analyzer.

When temperature exceeds a preset value, the fan will run, and a fan icon will appear on thelower right portion of the screen.

When the battery voltage falls below the preset value, the system will give an alarm. If thebattery voltage continues to decline, the system will automatically power OFF.

The system detects temperature and voltage changes of the analyzer every 5 minutes.

(a) Internal Temperature (b) Battery Voltage


After pressing the AUXAUX Button, the following sub-menu will appear:

OverviewThe auxiliary measurement tools of the spectrum analyzer are used to set parameters for thepower measurement, demodulation, impedance, and limit line tools. The AUXAUX Buttons is locatedon the user interface, as shown in the following figure:

5. Auxiliary Measurement Tools 5


Channel MeasurementsAfter pressing the Power Mea Softbutton, the following sub-menu will appear:

From this menu, you can choose to measure the channel power, occupied bandwidth, adjacentchannel power and modify other parameters. The DTV Analyzer Softbutton will appear in themenu and lead you directly to the DTV Analysis function from the Chan Meas Menu.


Channel PowerChannel Power refers to the average power of the signal in certain span. After modifying thecenter frequency, you can modify the channel bandwidth in the Settings Menu. After you pressthe Settings Softbutton, the Chan Meas Menu, which is shown in the following figure, willappear.

From this menu, you can modify the channel spacing, channel bandwidth and occupiedbandwidth % power.

In the Channel Measurements function, you can modify the channel bandwidth manually.Otherwise, it will use the default value 8 MHz (for PAL) or 6 MHz (for NTSC). In order tomeasure accurately, the measurement span is set to two times the channel bandwidth. Afterfinishing these settings, pressing the Return Softbutton, will return you to the Chan MeasMenu.


In the following figure, the area between the two lines is the channel bandwidth. In themeasurement results window at the bottom, CHANNEL POWER represents the averagepower of the channel under test, CSP represents the channel spacing, and CBW representsthe channel bandwidth. You can also use the Single Scan or Continuous Scan function byselecting the Single Softbutton or Continuous Softbutton.

(a) Continuous Scan (b) Single Scan


Occupied BandwidthOccupied bandwidth is the frequency range that represents a certain percent of the wholepower. In Chan Meas Menu, you can press the Settings Softbutton to modify the ChannelSpacing and Occupied BW % Power manually. The default of Channel Spacing is 4 MHz, andfor Occupied BW % Power, the default is 99.9%.

When you press the Occupy BW Softbutton in the Chan Meas Menu, the OccupiedBandwidth state, which is shown in the following figure, will appear.

In order to measure accurately, the scan span is set to three times the channel bandwidth.Similar to the Channel Power measurement, you can use the single scan and continuous scanfunction by selecting the Single and Continuous Softbutton.


Adjacent Channel PowerThe bandwidth of adjacent channel is the same as the bandwidth of the currently testedchannel. In the Chan Meas Menu, when you press the Adj Chan Power Softbutton, theadjacent channel power measurement will measure and display the relative power of the upperand lower adjacent channels. Measurement results will appear as they are in the followingfigure.


Demodulation MeasurementsIn the Aux Ctrl sub-menu, you can press the Demod Softbutton to enter the Demod Menu. Thenyou can press the related softbutton to select Demod AM or Demod FM, the default is DemodAM .

Listen OnOnce you press the Listen On Softbutton, the main window will display the time domainresponse of the demodulated signal and the current volume setting in the measurementinformation window at the bottom display. You can rotate the knob to change the volume;meanwhile, you can change the center frequency as well. The figure below shows the ListenOn state.


FM GainFM Gain is the gain applied to the baseband signal after demodulation. Once you press theFM Gain Softbutton, you can change the value using the or Button or the knob. Youcan choose an FM Gain of 100K, 50K, 25K or 12.5K.

Limit LineAfter pressing the Limit Line Softbutton, the following sub-menu will appear:


You can use the limit line function to monitor the signals. Selecting Beep On will cause theanalyzer to give an alarm, and selecting Beep Off will turn the analyzer alarm OFF. You should editthe Limit Line table first according to the actual requirements. After pressing the SettingsSoftbutton, the following sub-menu will appear:

The figure above shows that you can edit eight items to set the Limit Line. You can use the knob toselect one of them to edit. There are three types of Limit Line: MAX, MIN and OFF; use the

or Button to change the type. MAX means the value that you set is the maximum value. If thevalue measured is higher than this set value, then it is unqualified; the same applies to MIN. If youselect OFF, the limit line will be ignored. You can modify the value of Start Freq, Stop Freq, StartAmp and Stop Amp by using the digital buttons. Press the Save Softbutton to save the settings.

Section III: Advanced MeasurementModes


8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Section III: Advanced Measurement Modes3.2

After pressing the MODEMODE Button, the Mode Menu will appear:

IntroductionThe advanced measurement functions of the spectrum analyzer, including the CATV and DTVAnalyzers as well as the Tracking Generator, are accessed using the MODEMODE Button that is locatedon the user interface, as shown in the following figure:

1. Overview 1


Channel Table SettingsTo display all of the channel plans loaded into the instrument, press the Channel TableSoftbutton from the Mode Menu.

Mode SettingsFrom the Mode Menu you can change your channel plan and frequency setup by pressing theMode Settings Softbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:


Activating a Channel Plan

To select the channel plan to activate, you can turn the knob or press the or Button to move the arrow that is located to the left of the channel plan table. Once the arrowis next to the channel plan you want to activate, press the Activate Softbutton. Then thecorresponding channel plan will be activated, and its state displayed on the screen willchange to In Use.

Editing a Channel PlanPress the Edit Softbutton to edit the selected channel plan. The channel plan title, totalnumber of channels, total number of analog, digital, and enabled channels of the selectedchannel plan will be displayed in the information window. From the Editor Menu, you canchoose to create a new channel as well as edit or delete the currently selected channel. Youcan also sort the channel plan either by channel number or frequency by pressing the SortBy Frequency Softbutton.


Edit an Existing Channel

To edit the channel settings of a selected channel, press the Edit Softbutton. The Editorsub-menu will appear as shown below.

There are 55 settings you can edit for any selected channel. To change the default valueof these settings, you can turn the knob or press the or Button to move thearrow that is located to the left of the desired setting.

(a) Channel Editor Menu Page 1 (b) Channel Editor Menu Page 2

(c) Channel Editor Menu Page 3 (d) Channel Editor Menu Page 4


Use the following steps to modify the selected setting.

1. To adjust numeric settings enter a numeric value using the numerical buttons andconfirm the entry by pressing the ENTERENTER Button or press the ESCESC Button todiscard the changes.

2. To adjust the alphanumeric settings first press the ENTERENTER Button, a green cursor

will appear below the first character of the caption. Next, use the or Button to select the corresponding alphabetical or numeric character, and thenuse the knob to move to the next character space. When you have finishedentering characters, confirm the entry by pressing the ENTERENTER Button or press the

ESCESC Button to discard the changes.

3. To adjust settings based on permitted values as listed in the following table,press the or Button to change between the permitted values.

Use the Last Chan or Next Chan Softbutton to enter the last or next channel in thechannel plan. The arrow will stay on the currently selected setting of the last or nextchannel.

Setting Analog Digital

Channel No. Numeric: 1 through 1000 Numeric: 1 through 1000

Channel Caption Alphanumeric: Max 8 Characters Alphanumeric: Max 8 Characters

Channel Enable Enable, Disable N/A

Analog/Digital Analog Digital

StandardNTSC-MPAL-B, D, G, H, I, K, M, NSECAM-B, D, G, H, K1, K, L

J83.A, B, CReverseNo Fec

Suppress/Modulate Type Normal, Supressed, Drop Field, DropVertical, No Suppress

QPSK16, 32, 64, 128, 256 QAM

Carrier/Center Frequency Numeric: 1 through 1000 MHz Numeric: 1 through 1000 MHz



Audio 1 Offset

Note: This setting cannot be changedmanually, the value changes based onthe selection of the Standard, see thefollowing Analog Settings Table.

N/A

Audio 2 Offset N/A

Channel Bandwidth

Note: This setting can be changedmanually, however, this value alsochanges based on selection ofStandard and Suppress/ModulateType, see the following Digital SettingsTable.

Symbol Rate N/A Numeric: 1 through 7 MS/sec

Depth Modulation Gate ON, OFF N/A

Depth Modulation Field Odd, Even N/A

Depth Modulation Line Numeric: 1 through 263 N/A

Power Frequency 50, 60 Hz N/A

CLDI Field Odd, Even N/A

CLDI Line Numeric: 1 through 263 N/A

CLDI Signal CCIR LINE17, UKITS, GB LINE19 N/A

DG/DP Field Odd, Even N/A

DG/DP Line Numeric: 1 through 263 N/A

DG/DP Signal CCIR LINE330, UKITS, GB LINE19 N/A

In-Channel Response Gate ON, OFF N/A

In-Channel Response Field Odd, Even N/A

In-Channel Resp Line Numeric: 1 through 263 N/A

In-Channel Response RBW 100 KHz, 300 KHz N/A

In-Channel Response Mark 1 Numeric: -1.25 through 4.75 MHz N/A

In-Channel Response Mark 2 Numeric: -1.25 through 4.75 MHz N/A

In-Channel Response Signal GCR, Multiburst N/A

CTB/CSO Gate ON, OFF N/A

CTB/CSO Field Odd, Even N/A



CTB/CSO Line Numeric: 1 through 263 N/A

CSO Frequency Offset 1 Numeric: -6.00 through 6.00 MHz N/A




CTB Frequency Offest Numeric: -6.00 through 6.00 MHz N/A

Equivalent Noise BW Numeric: -1.50 through 4.50 MHz N/A

CCN Gate ON, OFF N/A

CCN Field Odd, Even N/A

CCN Line Numeric: 1 through 263 N/A

Tilt Enable Enable, Disable N/A

FM Deviation Enable Enable, Disable N/A

Depth Modulation Enable Enable, Disable N/A

Carrier Level Enable Enable, Disable N/A

CCN Enable Enable, Disable N/A

Hum Enable Enable, Disable N/A

Cross Modulation Enable Enable, Disable N/A

CTB/CSO Enable Enable, Disable N/A

CLDI Enable Enable, Disable N/A

DG/DP Enable Enable, Disable N/A

In-Channel Response Enable Enable, Disable N/A

BER Enable N/A Enable, Disable

EVM Enable N/A Enable, Disable

Channel Power Enable N/A Enable, Disable

MER Enable N/A Enable, Disable


DigitalStandard Suppress/Modulate Type Channel Bandwidth Symbol Rate

J83.A

QPSK

8.0 MHz 6.875 MS/sec

16 QAM

32 QAM

64 QAM

128 QAM

256 QAM

J83.B64 QAM

6.0 MHz5.057 MS/sec

256 QAM 5.361 MS/sec

J83.C

QPSK

6.0 MHz5.274 MS/sec

16 QAM

32 QAM

64 QAM

128 QAM


Reverse

QPSK

8.0 MHz6.875 MS/sec

16 QAM

32 QAM

64 QAM

128 QAM


No Fec

QPSK

8.0 MHz6.875 MS/sec

16 QAM

32 QAM

64 QAM

128 QAM



AnalogStandard Audio 1 Offset Audio 2 Offset Channel Bandwidth

NTSC-M 4.50 MHz 4.50 MHz 6.00 MHz

PAL-B 5.50 MHz 5.85 MHz 7.00 MHz

PAL-D 6.50 MHz 6.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

PAL-G 5.50 MHz 5.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

PAL-H 5.50 MHz 5.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

PAL-I 6.00 MHz 6.50 MHz 8.00 MHz

PAL-K 6.50 MHz 6.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

PAL-M 4.50 MHz 4.50 MHz 6.00 MHz

PAL-N 4.50 MHz 4.50 MHz 6.00 MHz

SECAM-B 5.50 MHz 5.85 MHz 7.00 MHz

SECAM-D 6.50 MHz 6.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

SECAM-G 5.50 MHz 5.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

SECAM-H 5.50 MHz 5.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

SECAM-K1 6.50 MHz 6.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

SECAM-K 6.50 MHz 6.85 MHz 8.00 MHz

SECAM-L 6.50 MHz 6.85 MHz 8.00 MHz


Creating a New Channel

To create a new channel, you can turn the knob or press the or Button tomove the arrow that is located to the left of the channel that you wish to base your newchannel upon, and then press the New Softbutton. Now use the methods describedearlier in this section for changing a channel’s settings.

If the new channel number is the same as an existing channel number, the system willgive a warning message and keep the previous channel number unchanged.


Delete an Existing Channel

To delete an existing channel, you can turn the knob or press the or Button tomove the arrow that is located to the left of the channel that you wish to delete, and thenpress the Delete Softbutton. The instrument will display the text “Delete ChannelAnyway”. Press the ENTERENTER Button to confirm the channel delete or press the ESCESC

Button to exit without deleting the channel.

Saving a Channel PlanAfter you have finished making changes to the selected channel plan, press the SaveSoftbutton or press the Return Softbutton to exit without saving the changes to the channelplan.


Deleting a Channel Plan

To delete an existing channel plan, you can turn the knob or press the or Buttonto move the arrow that is located to the left of the channel plan that you wish to delete, andthen press the Delete Softbutton. The instrument will display the text “Really Del the file(s)”.Press the ENTERENTER Button to confirm the channel plan delete or press the ESCESC Button to exitwithout deleting the channel plan. The active plan cannot be deleted.


Downloading a Channel PlanTo download a channel plan from the Q-Lab software to the 8821Q-R via the RJ-45Ethernet Port or USB Drive, see the Q-Lab Software Operation Manual, Chapter 4:Configuration, Managing Channel Plans, Downloading Channel Plans.

To download a channel plan from a USB Drive select the USB Disk Softbutton. Thechannel plan files will then be copied to the internal memory of the 8821Q-R while retainingthe original channel plan files on the USB Drive.

Note: Although this menu allows you to select the RS-232 Softbutton,this feature is not functional on the 8821Q-R.

Note: To transfer channel plans to the USB Drive, the USB Drive shouldbe inserted into the USB Port before starting the instrument.

Note: You must use the Q-Lab Software to save channel plans to a USBDrive. Manually copying/pasting files to a USB Drive using the filemanager of your PC (i.e. Windows Explorer) does not properly format thechannel plan files for use with the 8821Q-R and they will not be able to beidentified by the 8821Q-R when uploading.


Note: To transfer channel plans to the USB Drive, the USB Drive shouldbe inserted into the USB Port before starting the instrument.

Uploading a Channel PlanTo upload a channel plan from the 8821Q-R to the Q-Lab software via the RJ-45 EthernetPort, see the Q-Lab Software Operation Manual, Chapter 4: Configuration, ManagingChannel Plans, Uploading Channel Plans.

To save selected channel plan to a USB Drive select the USB Disk Softbutton. Thechannel plan files will then be copied to the USB Drive while retaining the original channelplan files in the internal memory of the 8821Q-R.

Note: Although this menu allows you to select the RS-232 Softbutton,this feature is not functional on the 8821Q-R.


Frequency SetupTo change the frequency settings, press the Frequency Setup Softbutton from the ModeMenu.

This function is very similar to the channel settings described in Channel Table Settings.These settings will be used when you tune channels by the channel frequency.

(a) Frequency Editor Page 1 (b) Frequency Editor Page 2

(c) Frequency Editor Page 3 (d) Frequency Editor Page 4

There are 31 frequency settings you can edit. To change the default value of these settings, youcan turn the knob or press the or Button to move the arrow that is located to the leftof the desired setting.


Use the following steps to modify the selected setting.

1. To adjust numeric settings enter a numeric value using the numerical buttons andconfirm the entry by pressing the ENTERENTER Button or press the ESCESC Button to discardthe changes.

2. To adjust the alphanumeric settings first press the ENTERENTER Button, a green cursor will

appear below the first character of the caption. Next, use the or Button toselect the corresponding alphabetical or numeric character, and then use the knobto move to the next character space. When you have finished entering characters,confirm the entry by pressing the ENTERENTER Button or press the ESCESC Button to discardthe changes.

3. To adjust settings based on permitted values as listed in the following table, pressthe or Button to change between the permitted values.

Setting Frequency Setup

Channel No. N/A

Channel Caption N/A

Channel Enable N/A

Analog/Digital N/A

StandardNTSC-MPAL-B, D, G, H, I, K, M, NSECAM-B, D, G, H, K1, K, L

Suppress/Modulate Type Normal, Supressed, Drop Field, Drop Vertical, No Suppress

Carrier/Center Frequency N/A


Setting Frequency Setup

Audio 1 Offset N/A

Audio 2 Offset N/A

Channel Bandwidth N/A

Symbol Rate N/A

Depth Modulation Gate ON, OFF

Depth Modulation Field Odd, Even

Depth Modulation Line Numeric: 1 through 263

Power Frequency 50, 60 Hz

CLDI Field Odd, Even

CLDI Line Numeric: 1 through 263

CLDI Signal CCIR LINE17, UKITS, GB LINE19

DG/DP Field Odd, Even

DG/DP Line Numeric: 1 through 263

DG/DP Signal CCIR LINE330, UKITS, GB LINE19

In-Channel Response Gate ON, OFF

In-Channel Response Field Odd, Even

In-Channel Resp Line Numeric: 1 through 263

In-Channel Response RBW 100 KHz, 300 KHz

In-Channel Response Mark 1 Numeric: -1.25 through 4.75 MHz

In-Channel Response Mark 2 Numeric: -1.25 through 4.75 MHz

In-Channel Response Signal GCR, Multiburst

CTB/CSO Gate ON, OFF

CTB/CSO Field Odd, Even


Setting Digital

CTB/CSO Line Numeric: 1 through 263

CSO Frequency Offset 1 Numeric: -6.00 through 6.00 MHz




CTB Frequency Offest Numeric: -6.00 through 6.00 MHz

Equivalent Noise BW Numeric: -1.50 through 4.50 MHz

CCN Gate ON, OFF

CCN Field Odd, Even

CCN Line Numeric: 1 through 263

Tilt Enable N/A

FM Deviation Enable N/A

Depth Modulation Enable N/A

Carrier Level Enable N/A

CCN Enable N/A

Hum Enable N/A

Cross Modulation Enable N/A

CTB/CSO Enable N/A

CLDI Enable N/A

DG/DP Enable N/A

In-Channel Response Enable N/A

BER Enable N/A

EVM Enable N/A

Channel Power Enable N/A

MER Enable N/A


2. CATV Analyzer 2

OverviewFrom the Mode Menu to access the CATV Measurement Function, press the CATV AnalyzerSoftbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:

Information WindowThe information window only appears during special conditions, such as in CATV, FMDemodulation, or Channel Power Measurement as shown below.


Base Noise CalibrationFrom the CATV Meas sub-menu you can calibrate the analyzer’s base noise floor by pressing theCal Base Noise Softbutton.

The base noise calibration measures the analyzer’s noise floor across the entire usablebandwidth of the analyzer and uses this result to calculate the Analyzer Noise Correction factorwhich is used during special measurements, e.g. CCN and CSO/CTB. So during this process youshould disconnect all input signals (and terminate the input with a 75Ω load if possible). The basenoise calibration requires about 10 minutes to complete and should not be interrupted while inprogress.


CATV Mode SettingsFrom the CATV Meas sub-menu you can adjust the analyzer’s CATV measurement settings bypressing the Settings Softbutton.


Amplitude UnitsTo change the amplitude units that will be used in all of the CATV tests, press the Amp UnitsSoftbutton. Select from the following units by pressing the corresponding softbutton; dBm,dBmV, dBμV, and then press the Return Softbutton to return to the Settings sub-menu.


AmplifierTo change the state of the internal amplifier, press the Amplifier Softbutton. Select from thefollowing states by pressing the corresponding softbutton; Auto, On, Off, and then press theReturn Softbutton to return to the Settings sub-menu.

When the state of the internal amplifier is set to Auto, the analyzer will automatically turn theamplifier to on or off according to the total channel power. If the state is set to On or Off, theanalyzer will only change the attenuator to adapt to the channel power and keep the amplifierstate unchanged.


Channel / Frequency SelectFrom the Settings sub-menu, you can change whether you tune channels by the channelnumber defined in the active channel plan or by the channel frequency setup, by pressing theSelect Softbutton.


Channel MeasurementThe Channel Measurement Function provides 12 different measurements used for quantifying theperformance of analog CATV channels. To access the Channel Measurement Function from theCATV Meas Sub-Menu, press the Channel Meas Softbutton and the following sub-menu(s) willappear:

(a) Channel Measurement MenuPage 1 of 3

(b) Channel Measurement MenuPage 2 of 3

(c) Channel Measurement MenuPage 3 of 3


Channel SelectTo select a channel to view, press the Channel Select Softbutton and enter the channelnumber or frequency by using the numeric buttons, turning the knob, or pressing the or

Buttons. Then press the Enter Softbutton or the ENTERENTER Button.

Before a channel measurement, you must select a channel by entering a channel number orfrequency first, or an error message will display on the screen indicating to enter a channelfirst. After having specified the channel, you can proceed with channel measurement.

Listen OnTo listen to the sound of the selected channel, press the Listen ON Softbutton.

Volume AdjustmentTo increase or decrease the volume, press the Volume Softbutton and then turn the knob orpress the or Button to change the volume.


RF Input AttenuationTo increase or decrease the RF Input attenuation, press the Atten Step Up or Atten StepDown Softbutton repeatedly. The attenuation is indicated in the lower right portion of theanalyzer screen. The RF Input attenuation is limited to a range of 0 to 55 dB.


FM DeviationThe FM Deviation Test enables you to measure the FM Deviation of aural carrier of the selectchannel. To measure the FM Deviation of the selected channel, press the FM DEV Softbutton.

While measuring the FM Deviation, you can also listen to the sound by turning the knob orpressing the or Button to change the volume.

Cycles Per MeasurementThe information window shows the current deviation value and the maximum deviation. Tochange the cycles per measurement, press the Cycle/Meas Softbutton, then enter thevalue by using the numeric buttons, turning the knob, or pressing the or Buttons.The default cycles per measurement is 25 times.


RF Input AttenuationTo increase or decrease the RF Input attenuation, press the Atten Step Up or Atten StepUp Softbutton repeatedly. The attenuation is indicated in the lower right portion of theanalyzer screen. The RF Input attenuation is limited to a range of 0 to 55 dB.


Depth of ModulationThe Depth of Modulation Test measures the percentage of amplitude modulation (AM) on thevideo carrier. To measure the Depth of Modulation of the selected channel, press the DepthMOD Softbutton.

Normal MeasurementThe Depth of Modulation Test defaults to the normal test. The channel number or channelfrequency and depth of modulation are displayed in the Information Window at the bottomof the screen.


TV-Line MeasurementThe Depth of Modulation Test defaults to the normal test. So, you must press the ReturnSoftbutton to return to the Depth of Modulation Main Menu in order to perform the TV-LineTest. You can press the TV-Line Softbutton to perform the TV-Line Test.

Line Selection

To select a horizontal line with a white reference pulse to perform a video gatedmeasurement, press the Line Softbutton and then enter the value by turning the knob, orpressing the or Buttons or use the numeric buttons and then press the Enter

Softbutton or the ENTERENTER Button. Measuring at the white reference pulse will provide themost accurate measurement results.


Even & Odd Field Selection

To select the even or odd field, press the Field Softbutton to toggle the value betweenEven and Odd.

(a) Field = Odd (b) Field = Even


Carrier Level & FrequencyThe Video Carrier Level Test measures the amplitude and frequency of the current visualcarrier and the amplitude and frequency difference between the visual and aural carrier. Tomeasure the Video Carrier Level of the selected channel, press the Carrier Lvl/FreqSoftbutton.


CounterBy default, only the amplitude information displays on the screen. But, if you press theCounter Softbutton to toggle the value to On, the frequency information will also bedisplayed on the screen. The frequency now is calculated by the counter with a resolution of1 Hz.


Max HoldIf the carrier waveform is not stable enough, press the Max Hold Softbutton to toggle thevalue to On.


Carrier-to-Composite NoiseThe result of the Carrier-to-Composite Noise (CCN) measurement is the ratio of the peakvideo carrier level (modulated or unmodulated) to the noise measured in one of the mannersdescribed below. To measure the CCN of the selected channel, press the Carrier/NoiseSoftbutton.

Modulation OFFThis first method is for use on channels where the video modulation can be turned OFF orfor channels with a CW visual carrier with no video modulation. If the video modulationcannot be turned OFF, the noise measurement will normally occur in the vestigial sidebandjust above the lower adjacent aural carrier and the measurement dynamic range will belimited.

After initialization, the system will display the message “Press Continue To Go On” and“Please Remove Mod”. If possible, turn OFF the modulation and then press the ContinueSoftbutton to complete the measurement. The information window displays themeasurement result and correction value.

(a) CCN Sub-Menu Page 1 of 2 (b) CCN Sub-Menu Page 2 of 2


CCN Measurement

The CCN measurement result is displayed in the measurement information window.The result is calculated using the following method:

• CCN = Carrier Amplitude – N;

• N = Nc + (Correct to measurement BW + LOG detect Noise - IF NoiseEquivalent Power BW - Analyzer Noise Correction)

• Nc: Noise amplitude. It is the average value of the points around the minimumvalue which frequency is close by 1.25 MHz down to the carrier.

• Correct to measurement BW = 10*Log (Noise BW / RBW).

• Noise BW is determined by the CATV standard as shown by the Analog andDigital Settings Tables in Chapter 1: CATV Analyzer, Settings.

• RBW is the resolution bandwidth when the CCN test is performed (30 kHz).

• LOG detect Noise: includes the Gaussian envelope demodulation correction of1.05 dB and the error due to the voltage to logarithm correction of 1.45 dB. Thetotal correction value is 2.5 dB.

• IF Noise Equivalent Power BW: It is the correction of analyzer IF detector shape.For the 8821Q-R, this value is 0.38 dB.


Analyzer Noise Correction

When the noise measured is close to the analyzer noise floor, the result needs to becorrected according to the difference of testing result and analyzer noise floor.

To measure the analyzer noise correction, press the Measure Softbutton.

After initialization, the system will display the message “Press Continue To Go On” and“Please Remove Mod”. If possible, turn OFF the modulation and then press theContinue Softbutton to complete the measurement. The information window displaysthe measurement result and correction value.

• Analyzer Noise Correction = 10 * log (1 – 10 ̂ ( - D / 10 ))

• For example, when D = 1 dB, the Analyzer Noise Correction is 6.87 dB. It can beignored when D > 10 dB. The difference (D) is calculated as 0.7 dB when it is £0.7 dB.

(a) ‘Continue’ to go on Prompt (b) Continue Measurement


Gate MeasureIf your video modulation can not be turned off, it is preferred to press the Gate Softbutton toturn on the gate measurement to measure channel’s CCN non-interfering without turning offthe modulation. You can select one line without modulation information to measure theCCN without an interfering signal as shown in the following figures.


Line Selection




Average On/OffTo average the results of the CCN measurement, press the Average Softbutton to togglethe value between On and Off. The number of average cycles is shown to the left of thespectrum analyzer window.


Noise BandwidthThe noise bandwidth can be set automatically and manually. The attenuation is indicated inthe upper left portion of the analyzer screen. The noise bandwidth is limited to a range of1.0 MHz to 4.5 MHz.

To manually increase or decrease the noise bandwidth, press the Noise BW Softbuttonuntil Manu is highlighted, and then perform one of the following methods to change thevalue:

• Use the knob or or Button to change the value in 0.1 MHz increments.

• Use the numerical buttons to change the value and then select the appropriate unitsby selecting the corresponding softbutton.


Exiting CCN MeasurementIf you want to exit CCN test, press Return and you will get a message to turn on themodulation. Pressing Return again will exit the CCN test.

Viewing Time Domain of Test LinePress the View Softbutton, and set it to Vid status. Then you can see the video timedomain display of the line selected to do the CCN testing. Change it to Meas status againto go on the CCN testing.

(a) View Frequency Domain (b) View Time Domain of Test Line


HUMThe hum test measures the peak-to-peak variation of amplitude modulation on the visualcarrier caused by low frequency disturbances such as power line noise. The result iscalculated as a percentage of 100% modulation. To measure the hum of the selected channel,press the HUM Softbutton.

Using a CW carrier or turning OFF the modulation will provide the most accurate result,although the analyzer will sample the peaks of the horizontal sync pulse when modulation ispresent. A hum value of > 3%, will be visible on an analog picture.

To perform a single sweep of 250 ms and perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on thebaseband signal to separate power line related components, press the Measure Softbuttonuntil FFT is highlighted. The marker will go to the highest component of the power linefrequency defined by the video standard (NTSC 60 Hz or PAL 50 Hz). This is intended to beused as a troubleshooting aid. A relatively high 50 Hz (in PAL, 60 Hz in NTSC) level impliesinadequate grounding or stray power utility neutral currents. A relatively high 100 Hz (in PAL,120 Hz in NTSC) level implies poor filtering of a full-wave rectifier in a power supply.

(a) Measure Time (b) Measure FFT


Cross ModulationThe cross modulation test measures the first 15.7 kHz cross modulation sideband relative tothe visual carrier of the channel.

Modulation must be turned OFF in order to perform this test. The analyzer is tuned to thecarrier frequency and put in zero span. An FFT is performed on the signal and the magnitudeof the 15.7 kHz modulation is measured relative to the carrier.

To measure the cross modulation of the selected channel, press the Crossmod Softbutton.


Average On/OffTo average the results of the cross modulation measurement, press the AverageSoftbutton to toggle the value between On and Off. The number of average cycles is shownto the left of the spectrum analyzer window.


CTB/CSOThe instrument will provide both the CSO and CTB measurement results in the same test view.There are two methods of measuring CSO/CTB which are described below.

Modulation OFFThe CTB normally falls on the visual frequency. If you want to measure CTB, the system willsuggest you to turn OFF the carrier first. Ideally, CTB can be measured in a vacant channel,either an unused channel or in the channel slot above the highest channel on the cablesystem. CTB can also be measured on Channels 5 and 6 in an NTSC cable system sincethese two channels are offset from the normal 6 MHz spacing.

To measure the CTB/CSO of the selected channel, press the CSO/CTB Softbutton.

(a) CTB/CSO Sub-Menu Page 1 of 3 (b) CTB/CSO Sub-Menu Page 2 of 3

(c) CTB/CSO Sub-Menu Page 3 of 3


After initialization, the system will display the message “Press Continue To Go On” and“Please Remove Mod”. If possible, turn OFF the modulation and then press the ContinueSoftbutton to complete the measurement. The information window displays themeasurement results.

(a) View Frequency Domain (b) View Time Domain of Test Line

(b) Measurement with Modulation OFF

CSO components are normally offset ±1.25 MHz or ±0.75 MHz from the visual carrier in theNTSC standard and ±1.25 MHz or ±0.25 MHz in the PAL standard. Pressing the NextBeat Softbutton, the marker will switch among these distortion products. The marker canbe set manually by pressing the or Button or turning the knob.


The Next Chan and Last Chan Softbuttons enable you to measure the CTB and CSO ofthe adjacent channel. By this method you can find a vacant channel, and first measure thecarrier amplitude of the adjacent channel that contains a signal, and then measure theCSO/CTB in the vacant channel. Then you can get an estimation of the system CSO/CTBwithout turning OFF the carrier.

To exit the CTB/CSO test, you should press the Return Softbutton twice.

Gate MeasureIf your video modulation can not be turned off, it is preferred to press the Gate Softbutton toturn on the gate measurement to measure channel’s CSO (and CTB on an offset channel)without an interfering signal. You can select one line without modulation information tomeasure the CSO/CTB without an interfering signal as shown in the following figures.

Press the View Softbutton, and set it to Vid status. Then you can see the video timedomain display of the line selected to do the CSO/CTB testing. Change it to Meas statusagain to go on the CSO/CTB testing.

If you want to exit the CSO/CTB test, press Return and you will get a message to turn onthe modulation. Pressing Return again will exit the CSO/CTB test.


Line Selection




Average On/OffTo average the results of the CSO/CTB measurement, press the Average Softbutton totoggle the value between On and Off. The number of average cycles is shown to the left ofthe spectrum analyzer window.


LeakageLeakage is a radiant signal from the cable to the air that is caused by discontinuities in theshielding of the distribute system. To measure the leakage, press the Leakage Softbutton.

When testing leakage, you should set the antenna close to the possible leak point of the cable.The distance should be less than 3 m and the antenna should be parallel to the cable. Thentune the antenna to get a maximum value of the leakage.


Chrominance-to-Luminance Delay Inequality (CLDI)The chrominance-to-luminance delay inequality measures the time delay between the lowfrequency luminance component and high frequency chrominance component of a modulatedpulse in the composite test signal. To measure the CLDI, press the CLDI Softbutton.

There are four Vertical Interval Test Signals (VITS) that can be used to test CLDI. In NTSCstandard, the FCC or NTC-7 Composite Test Signals are required. In PAL standard, CCIRLine 17 and UK ITS 1 are recommended. Because there is a pre-distortion in the testingsignal, an offset of 170 ns is added to the result.


Line SelectionTo select a horizontal line with a white reference pulse to perform a video gatedmeasurement, press the Line Softbutton and then enter the value by turning the knob, orpressing the or Buttons or use the numeric buttons and then press the Enter

Softbutton or the ENTERENTER Button. Measuring at the white reference pulse will provide the mostaccurate measurement results.


Even & Odd Field SelectionTo select the even or odd field, press the Field Softbutton to toggle the value betweenEven and Odd.


Average On/OffTo average the results of the CLDI measurement, press the Average Softbutton to togglethe value between On and Off. The number of average cycles is shown in the informationwindow.


Differential Phase/GainThe differential gain test measures the change in amplitude of the chrominance subcarrier asthe luminance changes from a white level to a black level. The five-step riser portion of thecomposite test signal is used to perform this measurement. To measure the DifferentialPhase/Gain, press the DIF Gain / DIF Phase Softbutton.

The differential phase test measures the change in phase of the chrominance subcarrier asthe luminance changes from a white level to a black level. The Differential Gain and Phasetests use the same test signal. In NTSC standard, the FCC or NTC-7 Composite Test Signalsare required. In PAL standard, CCIR Line 17 and UK ITS 1 are recommended. To change thetype of signal, press the Signal Softbutton, and then select the appropriate test signal bypressing the corresponding softbutton.


Line SelectionTo select a horizontal line with a white reference pulse to perform a video gatedmeasurement, press the Line Softbutton and then enter the value by turning the knob, orpressing the or Buttons or use the numeric buttons and then press the Enter

Softbutton or the ENTERENTER Button. Measuring at the white reference pulse will provide the mostaccurate measurement results.


Even & Odd Field SelectionTo select the even or odd field, press the Field Softbutton to toggle the value betweenEven and Odd.


Average On/OffTo average the results of the Differential Phase/Gain measurement, press the AverageSoftbutton to toggle the value between On and Off. The number of average cycles is shownin the information window.


In-Channel ResponseIn-channel frequency response measures the baseband frequency response of the channelunder test. There are two ways to measure the in-channel response: use a sweep signal orinsert a test signal. To measure the In-Channel Response, press the In-Channel ResponseSoftbutton. The measurement defaults to the sweep measurement.


Sweep MeasurementThe In-Channel Response Test defaults to the sweep test. The channel number or channelfrequency and in-channel response are displayed in the Information Window at the bottomof the screen.


Max Hold On/Off

To hold the maximum sweep signal, press the Max Hold Softbutton to toggle the valuebetween On and Off.


VITS MeasurementThe In-Channel Response Test defaults to the sweep test. So, you must press the ReturnSoftbutton to return to the In-Channel Response Main Menu in order to perform the VITSTest. You can press the VITS Test Softbutton to perform the VITS Test.


Line Selection



(a) Line Selection of Ghost CancellingReference (GCR) Line

(b) Line Selection of Multiburst Line.


View

Press the View Softbutton, and set it to Vid status. Then you can see the video timedomain display of the line selected to do the VITS testing. Change it to Meas statusagain to go to the frequency domain display of the line selected to do the VITS testing.

(a) View Time Domain of GCR Line (b) View Time Domain of Multiburst Line

Signal TypeIn-Channel Response Testing requires one of the following test signals in the verticalblanking interval. To change the type of signal, press the Signal Softbutton, and then selectthe appropriate test signal by pressing the corresponding softbutton.


GCR

The ghost canceling reference signal is the preferred test signal since it has the mostsignal level and provides a swept frequency reference over the range of interest formeasurement.

The sin(x)/x is also a continuous signal in the frequency domain when using 100 kHzresolution bandwidth for detection. Its lower energy content requires higher signal levelsor averaging to be used to get equivalent results to the GCR.


Multiburst

The FCC Multiburst Test Signal is more common but only provides frequency responsedata at discrete frequencies. Note that the 0.5 MHz burst packet cannot be resolved ina resolution bandwidth of 300 kHz. However, 300 kHz is the minimum bandwidthrequired for the analyzer to accurately measure burst packets greater than 4.25 μs. If allthe burst packets were the same time duration, a resolution bandwidth of 100 kHz couldbe used. The burst height would not be accurate but they all have the same relativeamplitude.


MarkersThe In-Channel Response test result displayed at the bottom of the screen is the differencein level of Marker 1 and Marker 2, therefore, the positions of Marker 1 and Marker 2 mustbe adjusted manually to the minimum and maximum In-Channel Response. To manuallyadjust the position of the markers, press the Marker 1 or Marker 2 Softbutton, and then usethe or Button or the knob.


Resolution BandwidthTo select the resolution bandwidth, press the RBW Softbutton to toggle the value between300K and 100K.

(a) RBW = 300 K (b) RBW = 100 K


Level LimitYou can set the limit level by pressing the Lvl Limit Softbutton and then use the numericalbuttons to change the value and then select the appropriate units by selecting thecorresponding softbutton. Channels with a visual carrier level less than the limit level will beomitted during the channel scan. Input attenuation is limited to a range of 8.8 dBμV to118.8 dBμV.

Channel ScanBesides measuring a single channel, you can also get the information of multiple CATV channels.You can perform three types of channel scans; Standard Channel, User Channel or FavoriteChannel. To access the Channel Scan Function from the CATV Meas Sub-Menu, press the ScanChannel Softbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:


Standard ChannelStandard channel scan will scan all channels in the channel table, including analog and digitalchannels. The amplitude of the visual and first aural carrier is measured for all analog channelsOnly the channel power is measured for the digital channels. To perform a standard channelscan, press the Standard Channel Softbutton, and then press the Measure Softbutton.


The test results will be shown on the screen as a histogram. A vertical white marker line will bedisplayed on screen while scanning the channels. The position of this marker can be adjustedwith the front panel knob. The channel number, visual frequency, visual carrier amplitude andthe amplitude difference between visual and aural carrier will be displayed on screen for thechannel at the location of the marker.


Reference Line On/OffTo display the minimum visual carrier amplitude, the difference of maximum and minimumamplitude of visual carrier, the maximum and the minimum visual-to-aural ratio in theinformation window, press the Ref Line Softbutton to toggle the value between On and Off.


Count On/OffTo display the center frequency measurement, press the Count Softbutton to toggle thevalue between On and Off.


User ChannelIn the User Channel Scan mode, you can select either analog or digital channels. To perform auser channel scan, press the User Channel Softbutton, and then press the Analog or DigitalSoftbutton to measure the corresponding channel type.

(a) User Channel Sub-Menu

(b) Analog Channel Scan (c) Digital Channel Scan


Count On/OffTo display the center frequency measurement, press the Count Softbutton to toggle thevalue between On and Off. The frequency count can only be enabled for the analog channelscan.


Favorite ChannelIn the Favorite Channel Scan mode, you can measure 8 channels at a time. To perform afavorite channel scan, press the Favorite Channel Softbutton.


You must first enter your favorite channels by pressing the Channel Select Softbutton to selecta channel pointer from 1 to 8, and then enter the channel number/frequency using the numericbuttons. After entering this value, press the ENTERENTER Button to store the channel. Next, press theMeasure Softbutton to measure the favorite channel(s).

Note: The favorite channel can be selected by entering the frequency,but the frequency must be included in the standard table. Otherwise it willbe automatically changed to the nearest frequency that is included in thestandard table.

(a) Favorite Channel Select (b) Favorite Channel Scan


FCC ReportThe FCC Report Function provides information about the FCC report will display measurementresults on the screen. To access the FCC Report Function from the CATV Meas Sub-Menu, pressthe Sys Meas Softbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:

To start the FCC Test of the system according to the settings defined in the Channel Plan, Pressthe Measure Softbutton. Every measurement of all enabled channels will be measured.

Note: This test will take a long time if most channels and items are set toEnable, and the testing process cannot be interrupted. So beforepressing this softbutton, please check the active Channel Plan first tomake sure that only the channels desired are enabled.

When the measurement is complete, the FCC report will be stored internally with the followingname format: YYMMDD## where YY is the last two digits of the year, MM represents the month,DD represents the day, and ## is sequential from 00 to 99. File “06112003” would be the 4th FCCreport stored on November 20, 2006. In one 24 hour period, the 8821Q-R can save up to 100FCC reports.

(a) FCC Measurement Sub-Menu (b) FCC Measurement Finished


Test SetsTo enter the name of the test, operator, individual performing the test, and location of the test,press the Test Set Softbutton. This information will be included in any FCC reports you create.

View ReportTo view details of an existing FCC report, press the View Softbutton. The FCC View Sub-Menu will be displayed as shown in the following figure.


To select the report to view, turn the knob or use the or Button to highlight thedesired report, and then press the View Softbutton. The basic information of the FCC report isdisplayed on the first page of the display, as shown in the following figure.


Press the Page Up or Page Down Softbuttons to view the subsequent pages. The followingpages display the analog and digital channel testing results. The test results of up to fiveanalog channels or 15 digital channels can be displayed on the screen.

• In the report, when “—” is displayed, this means that the Gate is set to On, but theanalyzer cannot successfully trigger the line.

• In the report, when a blank field is displayed, this means that these testing items havebeen disabled.

(a) FCC Measurement ResultsPage 1 of 4

(b) FCC Measurement ResultsPage 2 of 4

(c) FCC Measurement ResultsPage 3 of 4

(d) FCC Measurement ResultsPage 4 of 4


Deleting an FCC Report

To delete an FCC Report, turn the knob or use the or Button to highlight thedesired report, and then press the Delete Softbutton. The text “Really del the file(s)” will bedisplayed, press the ENTERENTER Button to delte the file or press the ESCESC Button to cancel thedeletion of the file.


Uploading an FCC Report

To upload an FCC Report from the 8821Q-R to the Q-Lab software, see the Q-LabSoftware Operation Manual, Chapter 4: Configuration, Managing FCC Reports,Uploading FCC Reports.


3. DTV Analyzer 3

OverviewThe instrument can measure most performance criteria of a QAM signal such as MER/EVM, BER,etc. in addition to displaying the constellation diagram for troubleshooting.

From the Mode Menu to access the QAM Analyzer Function, press the DTV Analyzer Softbuttonand the DTV Menu will appear as shown below:

(b) QAM Analyzer Sub-Menu(a) DTV Analyzer Menu

Channel & Frequency SelectionBefore performing a QAM measurement, you must select a channel by entering a channel numberor frequency first. Otherwise, an error message will display on the screen indicating that you needto enter a channel first. After having specified the channel or frequency, you can proceed with theQAM measurement.

To select a channel or frequency to view, press the FREQUENCYFREQUENCY Button and enter the channel

number or frequency by using the numeric buttons, turning the knob, or pressing the or

Button. Then press the Enter Softbutton or the ENTERENTER Button to select the channel or frequency.


QAM Analyzer Display ScreenThe QAM Analyzer screen appears as shown below.

The table on the following page describes the measurement information that is displayed on theQAM Analyzer Screen.

6

87

1 32 4

22 23 24 25 2726

5

910

1112

131415

1617

181920

21

28 29



1 Date

Displays the current date.

To adjust the date see: Section I: The Basics, Chapter 4: SystemConfiguration, Time & Date Settings.

2 Time

Displays the current time.

To adjust the time see Section I: The Basics, Chapter 4: SystemConfiguration, Time & Date Settings.

3 Channel Number

Displays the current channel number.

To adjust the channel number see: Chapter 3: DTV Analyzer Settings,Channel & Frequency Selection.

4 Symbol Rate

Displays the current symbol rate.

To adjust the symbol rate see: Chapter 2: DTV Analyzer, QAM AnalyzerSettings, Symbol Rate.

5 Soft-Menu Displays the menu items within the current menu that can be selectedby pressing the corresponding softkey to the right of the display screen.

6 Modulation Mode

Displays the current modulation mode.

To adjust the symbol rate see: Chapter 2: DTV Analyzer, QAM AnalyzerSettings, Modulation Mode.

7 BER-Pre RS Decoder Displays the ratio of the erroneous bits before the RS decoder and thetotal number of transmitted bits.

8 BER-Post RS Decoder Displays the ratio of the erroneous bits after the RS decoder and thetotal number of transmitted bits.

9 Modulation Error Ratio Displays a single figure of merit analysis of the received signal.

10 Estimated Noise Margin Displays an indication of the reliability of the transmission channelwithout switching off the service.

11 Error Vector Magnitude Displays another figure of merit analysis of the received signal.

12 Phase Jitter Displays the fluctuations of signal phase or frequency.

13 Quadrature Error Displays the quadrature error of the two carriers feeding the I and Qmodulators.

14 Amplitude Imbalance Displays the QAM distortions that are seperated from all other kinds ofdistortion resulting from the amplitude imbalance of the I and Q signals.



15 Signal-to-Noise Ratio Displays the ratio of the QAM signal power to the noise power.

16 Carrier Supression Displays the ratio of the QAM signal to an unwanted coherent CWsignal.

17 Coherent Interferer Displays the ratio of the QAM signal to the interference signal.

18 Frequency Offset Displays the frequency offset relative to the current frequency setting.

19 Real Symbol Rate Displays the current real symbol rat as calculated by the system.

20 Channel Power Displays the current channel power.

21 Measurement Time Displays the amount of time that has passed since initialization of theQAM measurement for the current channel.

22 Symbol Lock Displays the symbol lock flag.

23 Center Frequency

Displays the currently selected center frequency fo the display.

To adjust the center frequency see: Chapter 1: DTV Analyzer, Channel& Frequency Selection.

24 FEC Lock Displays the forward error correction lock flag.

25 Attenuator Level

Displays the current attenuator level (ATT is preceded by an asterisk (*)when set int he Manual Mode).

To adjust the attenuator level see: Chapter 2: DTV Analyzer, GeneralDTV Settings.

26 Stream Lock Displays the code stream lock flag.

27 Preamplifier Status

Displays whether the amplifier is currently enabled.

To adjust the attenuator level see: Chapter 2: DTV Analyzer, GeneralDTV Settings.

28 Battery/Charging Status Displays the voltage status of the battery including whether the batteryis charging.

29 Fan Status Displays whether the internal fan is currently running.


General DTV SettingsFrom the DTV Menu to access the General DTV Settings, press the General Settings Softbuttonand the following sub-menu will appear:

Saving SettingsPress the Save Settings Softbutton at any time to save your settings.


AttenuationThe attenuator is an important part of the instrument. It can reduce the signal distortion byattenuating the power level at the first mixer input. The attenuator values range from 0 to 55 dBwith 5 dB increments; the default value is 10 dB.

Increasing the value of the attenuator can diminish the mixer distortion, but the system’s basenoise will increase too, which will reduce the range of measurable signal. In Auto mode, thesystem can automatically provide a suitable attenuator value. If you want to set the attenuatormanually, you should first set the Atten Softbutton (shown in the Reference Level figure) toManu and then enter the value using the numeric buttons, or Button or the knob. By

using the or Button or the knob, the change increment is 5 dB, and the attenuatorcannot be set to 0 dB.

Note: The amplitude of the signal at the input of the first mixer should beless than +28 dBmV; otherwise the signal may be distorted.


AmplifierTo change the state of the internal amplifier, press the Amplifier Softbutton. Select from thefollowing states by pressing the corresponding softbutton; Auto, On, Off, and then press theReturn Softbutton to return to the Settings sub-menu.

When the state of the internal amplifier is set to Auto, the analyzer will automatically turn theamplifier to on or off according to the total channel power. If the state is set to On or Off, theanalyzer will only change the attenuator to adapt to the channel power and keep the amplifierstate unchanged.

Note: In some special conditions (For example: in CATV measurementwhen the carrier level difference of different channels is more than 15dB), the auto-adjusted attenuator may not fulfill the measurement. In suchconditions you need to adjust the attenuator manually. Add or subtract theattenuator value and view the constellation whether it is improved or not,until you get a satisfactory result.

The easiest way to find the optimum attenuator setting is to change the screen to the channelpower measurement by pressing the Power Mea Softbutton from the DTV Sub-Menu. In thatscreen, adjust attenuator to access the best SNR in conditions of no signal distortion and writedown the corresponding attenuator value. Turn back to the DTV Analyzer Mode and adjust theattenuator to the recorded value, then you can get the best constellation output.


Constellation Display ModeAfter pressing this softbutton, the sub-menu below will be shown. There are three modes youcan choose in this sub-menu:

ContinuousIn this mode, the instrument continuously plots new symbols on the screen and does notclear old symbols until the Refresh Softbutton in the Const Mode sub-menu is pressed orDisplay mode is set again. There is no limit to the number of symbols that are displayed inthis mode.

CyclicIn this mode, the instrument plots the number of symbols specified in the sample length onthe screen and then clears them all and starts again.

Time FilterIn this mode, the instrument plots the number of symbols specified in the sample length andthen uses a first in/first out (FIFO) function to clear the oldest symbols and plot newsymbols. The number of symbols displayed on screen is always the same.

If you choose the Cyclic or Time Filter, you can enter the sample length, for example 8000(the default value).


QAM Analyzer SettingsFrom the DTV Sub-Menu press the Settings Softbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:

In this menu, you can set all adjustable parameters such as the; symbol rate, standard, modulationmode, polarity, and measurement thresholds.

Restore Default SettingsPressing the Default Softbutton will reset all of the manual settings in QAM Analyzer mode totheir default values. The default conditions are:

J83.ANNEX-A - symbol rate of QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM and 128QAM is6.875MS/S, and it is 6.952MS/S while 256QAM

J83.ANNEX-B - symbol rate of QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM and 128QAM is5.057MS/S, and it is 5.361MS/S while 256QAM

J83.ANNEX-C - symbol rate of QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM and 128QAM is5.274MS/S, and it is 5.361MS/S while 256QAM

(a) QAM Analyzer Sub-Menu (b) QAM Analyzer Settings Sub-Menu


Symbol RateIn Auto mode, the system will use the symbol rate designated by the channel table.

From the Settings Sub-Menu, press the Symb Rate Softbutton if you want to manually set thesymbol rate. You should first set the Symb Rate Softbutton to Manu and then enter the valueusing the numeric buttons, or Button or the knob. By using the or Buttonor the knob.


StandardThe instrument supports J83.ANNEX A, J83.ANNEX B, J83.ANNEX C, Reverse and NO FECDecoding. From the Settings Sub-Menu, press the Standard Softbutton to choose yourstandard.


Modulation ModeThe instrument supports QPSK, 16QAM, 32 QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM, and 256 QAMModulation Modes. From the Settings Sub-Menu, press the Modulation Mode Softbutton tochoose your modulation mode.


PolarityThe instrument supports signals with a polarity of Auto, Normal, or Reverse . From theSettings Sub-Menu, press the Polarity Softbutton to choose your input signal polarity.

If your manual setting of the polarity is not in accordance with the real state of the input signal,the analyzer may be unable to decode the signal.

The default polarity is Auto. See the following figure.


Threshold LevelsThe instrument provides you with the ability to set threshold levels for MER Th, BER-PRE Th,and BER-POST Th. From the Settings Sub-Menu, press the Threshold Softbutton to choosefrom the following threshold levels.

Note: You can change these thresholds according to user requirements.When the measurement result becomes lower than the correspondingthreshold, the color of the result will be changed.

MER ThPress the MER Th Softbutton to set the threshold of MER, which range is from 10 to 40dB. The default value is 23.5 dB.

BER-PRE ThPress the BER-PRE Th Softbutton to set the threshold of BER (Pre-FEC), which range isfrom 1e-2 to 1e-9. The default value is 1e-5.

BER-POST ThPress the BERPOST Th Softbutton to set the threshold of BER (Post-FEC), which rangeis from 1e-2 to 1e-9. The default value is 1e-8.


(a) QAM Sub-Menu (b) QAM Constellation Sub-Menu

RefreshPress the Refresh Softbutton to clear the constellation display and reset the point counter.

Measurement InitializationThe Initialize Softbutton is used to reset all auto-adjusted parameters and then adjust them again.In the initialization period, the demodulation system will diagnose the signal automatically toaccess the symbol and frequency offset. According to this information the system will adjust thedemodulation process and system coefficient to match the signal. So if the change of signalcauses the system to demodulate incorrectly, you can press the Initialize Softbutton to re-initializethe demodulation. Normally, if the symbol rate offset is less than 50 KS/S and frequency offset isless than 100 kHz, the demodulation system can successfully adjust itself to match the signal.

Constellation DiagramThe QAM Constellation Sub-menu allows you to control the way the constellation is displayed. Tochange the view of the constellation display, from the QAM Sub-Menu, press the ConstellSoftbutton and the QAM Constellation Sub-menu will appear as follows:


GridTo control the ON/OFF state of the grid that is displayed on the constellation diagram, pressthe Grid Softbutton.

TemplateTo control the ON/OFF state of the template that is displayed on the constellation diagram,press the Template Softbutton.


Zoom In / Zoom OutTo zoom In or zoom out on the area outlined in the blue frame, press the Zoom In or ZoomOut Softbutton. To select the area that is outlined in the blue frame, you can turn the knob orpress the or Button.


Statistic GraphTo view the statistic graph, from the QAM Sub-Menu, press the Statistic Softbutton and theStatistic Sub-menu will appear as follows:

The statistic graph records the history of Errored Seconds (ES), Severely Errored Seconds(SES), BER (Pre-FEC) and BER (Post-FEC) over a specified period of time. The instrumentdisplays the average values of these statistic graphs below the graph.


Set TimeTo enter a period of time to measure, press the Set Time Softbutton and enter the numberdirectly, by turning the knob or pressing the or Button. The statistic period can be setfrom 1 to 4320 minutes.


MeasureAfter setting the statistic time period, press the Measure Softbutton and select Start/Stop, tocontrol the measurement.


View LastAfter at least one entire measurement, you can choose the View Last Softbutton to view thelast measure result. If the instrument has never completed a measurement, the instrument willdisplay an error. Otherwise you will enter the sub-menu, which is shown below. In this menu youcan choose the View All Softbutton no matter how long the statistic period is. But the other 4softbuttons can only be activated when the statistical period is greater than 400 minutes. Youcan zoom into the stored statistical data to see the details of the graph, or you can review thegraph page by page.


Equalizer DisplayTo view the equalizer display, from the QAM Sub-Menu, press the Equalizer Softbutton and theQAM Equ Sub-menu will appear as follows:

When the All Softbutton is selected, there are three different sets of data displayed in theequalizer screen.

Top: The output of the equalizer coefficients. This feature can be used to diagnosechannel distortion (gain tilt, reflections, etc.). The bar graph showing the 32coefficients: 8 Feed-Forward Equalizers (FFE) and 24 Decision FeedbackEqualizers (DFE). The eighth coefficient is the main signal path, so it is normallyvery close to 0 dB (unity gain).

Middle: Frequency response of the tested channel. The amplitude is from -5 dB to 5 dB.

Bottom: Group delay shows the delay in nsec (from -120 to 120 nsec) across the channelbandwidth.


Set EqualizerTo change your equalizer settings, from the QAM Equ Sub-Menu, press the Set EquSoftbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:

Equalizer ModeTo choose from turning off, freezing, unfreezing, or cycling the equalizer mode, press theEqu Mode Softbutton.

DistanceTo choose between the distance units of meters or feet, press the Distance Softbutton.


Equalizer Coefficient DisplayTo display the equalizer coefficient independently on the screen, from the QAM Equ Sub-Menu, press the Equalizer Softbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:

The level, distance and time values corresponding to the vertical white marker will display onthe lower portion of the screen.


Frequency Response DisplayTo display the frequency response independently on the screen, from the QAM Equ Sub-Menu, press the Frequency Response Softbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:

In this mode, vertical and horizontal markers are available to perform specific measurements.Also, the maximum, minimum, delta (max – min) and the current values are displayed on thelower portion of the screen.


Group Delay DisplayTo display the frequency response independently on the screen, from the QAM Equ Sub-Menu, press the Frequency Response Softbutton and the following sub-menu will appear:

The maximum, minimum, delta (max – min) and current values are displayed on the lowerportion of the screen.


OverviewPress the Tracking Generator Softbutton from the Mode Menu and the sub-menu shown belowwill appear on the screen.

Note: For the 50Ω or 75Ω 8821Q-R Spectrum Analyzer, the TrackingGenerator Option will require a software and hardware upgrade. Thisoption must be factory installed at Trilithic. To place an order, please callTrilithic at (800) 344-2412 or (317) 895-3600.

4. Tracking Generator (Optional) 4

Note: If using the tracking generator for the first time or the testingenvironment has been changed, it is recommended to perform a systemcalibration before using the tracking generator to test devices.

Tracking Generator Level RangeThe level range of the tracking generator is from +48.8 dBmV to -11.2 dBmV. The default outputlevel is +28.8 dBmV when the tracking generator is first turned ON. Press the TG Level Softbuttonand then turn the knob, press the or Button or directly enter the amplitude level of thetracking generator.


2. Press the TG Softbutton to set thetracking generator status to ON, thenthe screen that is shown in the figureon the right will be displayed on thescreen.

3. Press the Power Cal Softbutton toautomatically calibrate the trackinggenerator from -11.2 dBmV to +48.8dBmV.

4. The instrument will display CalibrateSuccess if the calibration wasperformed correctly. Otherwise, If thetracking generator cannot fulfill therequirement that the level flatness in allfrequency range is less than 1 dB, the system will give the prompt Calibrate Failed.

Power CalibrationTo use the perform a power calibration on thetracking generator, you should perform thefollowing steps;

1. Connect the TG OUT and RF IN Portson the front panel of the 8821Q-R usingthe BNC-BNC calibration cable.

CAUTION: This calibration will take several minutes. Please do notpower OFF the analyzer when it shows Calibrating on the screen.

Note: When the instrument is powered off, the calibration data willstored in the internal memory of the 8821Q-R.


Normalize FunctionPerforming the Normalize operation, you should connect the TG OUT to the RF IN Port.

The actual output of the tracking generator will not be changed. After pressing the NormalizeSoftbutton, the output line is corrected to a straight line. The difference between this straight lineand its pre-curve is memorized. This correction data will be used in the future testing, but whenfrequency, reference level, attenuator or output level is changed, the correction data will be lostand you should normalize again. This correction data will also be lost when the analyzer ispowered OFF.

The units of reference level are dBm, dBmV or dBµV. The test result of the marker(s) displayed inthe information window can be the absolute value or the relative value to the TG ideal output level.This can be changed by pressing the Mark Softbutton and changing its status.


5. The testing result will be displayed on the screen.

Using the Tracking Generator to Measure a Filter The following example show you how to use the tracking generator to measure a filter.

1. Press CAL on the front-panel and select the Calibrate Amplitude Softbutton to perform ananalyzer calibration.

2. Turn the TG to ON, and connect the TG OUT to RF IN.

3. Calibrate the TG power; then press the Normalize Softbutton.

4. Connect the TG OUT, tested component and RF IN well, as shown in the figure below.

Section IV: Appendix

8821QSpectrum Analyzer

8821Q-R - Operation Manual, Section IV: Appendix4.2

1. Specifications 1

Frequency SpecificationsFrequency Range 1 MHz to 1000 MHz

Frequency Reference

Aging ± 1 PPM per yearStability ± 2 PPMTemperature Stability ± 2 PPM (0 to +50ºC)

Marker Count Accuracy (S/N 25 dB, RBW/span 0.01)

Accuracy ±2 PPM, ±1 countCounter Resolution 1 Hz

Frequency Span

Range 0 Hz (zero span), 200 Hz to 1000 MHzResolution 4 digits

Sweep and Trigger

Range 30 mSec to 500 sec (span > 0 Hz)20 µSec to 500 sec (span = 0 Hz)

Accuracy < ± 1%Trigger Type free run, single, video, TV

Resolution Bandwidths

Range 1 kHz to 3 MHz in 1-3-10 sequence30 Hz, 100 Hz, and 300 Hz (optional)

Bandwidth Accuracy < ± 15%Selectivity (60 dB/3 dB Bandwidth Ratio)

< 5:1

Video Bandwidths

Range 10 Hz to 1 MHz in 1-3-10 sequence

Stability

Phase Noise (10 kHz RBW, 100 Hz VBW, and Sample Det)

< -110 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz offset from CW signal

< -90 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz offset from CW signal


Amplitude SpecificationsMeasurement Range displayed average noise level to maximum safe input level

Input Attenuator

Range 0 dB to 55 dBStep 5 dB

Internal Preamplifier

Frequency Range 1 MHz to 1000 MHzGain 20 dBNoise Figure 12 dB

Max Safe Input +68 dBmV (peak power/input attenuation >15 dB), 100 VDC

Gain Compression = 0.5 dB @ +39 dBmV (attenuator ≤ 0 dB and preamp OFF)= 0.5 dB @ +19 dBmV (attenuator ≥ 0 dB and preamp ON)

Displayed Average Noise Level (Input Terminated, 0 dB Attenuator, 30 kHz RBW, 100 HzVBW, Sample Det) < -95 dBmV/Hz with preamp OFF (typical)

< -115 dBmV/Hz with preamp ON (typical)

Spurious Responses

Second Harmonic < -68 dBc for +29 dBmV signal at input mixer and preamp OFFThird Order Intermod < -68 dBc for two +29 dBmV signals at input mixer with > 1 MHz

separation preamp OFFResidual Responses (Input Terminated and 0 dB Attenuator)

< -55 dBmV 1 MHz to 1000 MHz

Display Range

Log Scale 0.1 to 1 dB/div in 0.1 dB step1 to 40 dB/div in 1 dB step

Linear Scale 8 divisionsScale Units dBm, dBmV, dBµV, mVMarker Readout Resolution

0.03 dB for log scale0.03% of ref level for linear scale

Traces 3 traces

Trace Detector sample, posi-peak, neg-peak, normal, average

Marker Functions peak, next peak, marker to center, marker to ref, etc.


Marker Display normal, delta, fix marker and frequency counter

Reference Level -98 to +83 dBmV

Level Accuracy < ± 1 dB @ +20ºC (typical)

Resolution Bandwidth Switching Uncertainty< ± 0.1 dB

Input Attenuator Switching Uncertainty< ± 0.3 dB (typical)

Response Flatness ± 1.0 dB (1 MHz to 1000 MHz)

Inputs/Outputs

Front PanelCalibrator Output

Frequency 150 MHz, ± 2 PPMAmplitude 28.7 dBmV, ± 0.5 dB @ +20ºC

RF INPUT

Input BNC or Type F connectorInput Impedance 75WInput Return Loss > 14 dB, 10 MHz to 1000 MHz (= 10 dB input attenuation)

USB PORT USB 1.1 port

Rear PanelVIDEO (Option) Composite video output

S-VIDEO (Option) S-video output

VGA VGA video output

COM RS-232 serial port

PARALLEL Parallel pritner port

KEYBOARD PS-2 keyboard input

CHARGER Battery charger connection

Ground Chassis ground connection


TG OUTOutput BNC connector

Frequency Range 1 MHz to 1000 MHz

Phase Noise < -80 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz

Level Range -5 to +43 dBmV

Level Accuracy ± 1 dB

Frequency Flatness ± 1 dB

Harmonic Distortion < 25 dBc

Non-Harmonic Distortion< 35 dBc

Output Impedance 75W

Output Return Loss > 9 dB, 5 MHz to 1000 MHz

Power SpecificationsBattery Type 14.4V @ 6Ah Lithium-lon

Charge Time < 6 hours

Operating Time > 2.5 hours

External AC Adapter 18 VDC @ 3.3A

Other SpecificationsTemperature, Operating 0ºC to +50ºC

Temperature, Storage -20ºC to +55ºC

Dimensions (W x H x D) 340 mm x 160 mm x 350 mm13.4 in x 6.3 in x 13.8 in

Weight (With Battery) 9 kg, 19.8 lbs

Display Type 16 cm (6.4 in) TFT color LCD

Display Resolution 640 X 480 pixels


CATV Measurement SpecificationsChannel Selection frequency, channel

Channel Plans custom plans, NTSC, PAL

TV Channel Amplitude Range

-40 dBmV to +65 dBmV, ±1.0 dB @ +20ºC for S/N >30 dB

High Speed Channel Scan

50 analog channels ≈ 6 seconds50 digital channels < 15 seconds

Multi-Channel Mode variable up to 8 channels

Single Channel Mode with spectrum display

Tuning Range 5 MHz to 1000 MHz

TV Visual Frequency

Accuracy carrier frequency, ± 2 PPMResolution 1 Hz

Visual/Aural Delta Frequency

Accuracy ± 200 HzResolution 1 HzVisual/Aural Delta Amplitude

± 1.0 dB for S/N > 30 dB

FM Deviation

Range 100 kHzAccuracy ± 2 kHz, = 80 kHz

± 3 kHz, = 100 kHz

HUM/Low Freq. Disturbances

Modes CW or modulatedRange 1% to 20%Accuracy ± 0.5% from 1 to 5%

± 1% from 5 to 20%


Modulation Depth

AM Range 40% to 95%Resolution 0.1%Accuracy ± 1.5% (CCN > 40 dB)Signal Type use VITS line with white reference

Carrier-to-Composite Noise Ratio

Optimum Input Range> +5 dBmVMaximum CCN > 55 dB with ± 2 dB accuracy

> 60 dB with ± 3 dB accuracyResolution 0.1 dB

CSO/CTB

Optimum Input Range> +5 dBmVMaximum CTB/CSO > 63 dBc with ± 1.5 dB accuracy and 78 channels

> 70 dBc with ± 4.0 dB accuracy and 78 channelsResolution 0.01 dB

Cross-Modulation

Range - 45 dB to -65 dBResolution 0.1 dBAccuracy ± 2.0 dB for Xmod < 55 dB, CCN > 40 dBc

± 4.5 dB for Xmod < 60 dB, CCN > 40 dBc

In-Channel Frequency Response

Test Signal Type Multiburst of GCR VITS signalRange ± 10 dBResolution 0.1 dBAccuracy ± 0.25 dB

Differential Phase

Accuracy ± 3º maximum

Differential Gain

Accuracy ± 2% maximum

Luminance to Chrominance Delay

Accuracy ± 40 nsec maximum


Digital Measurement SpecificationsModulation

Modulation Type 16/32/64/128/256 QAM, QPSK, ITU-T J.83 Annex A, B & C DOCSIS,EuroDOCSIS

Interleave Capability up to 128 x 4 in Annex B, 12 x 17 in Annex A/C

Constellation Display QPSK 16/32/64/128/256 QAMfull constellation with zoom capability

Adaptive Equalizer Display8 FFE taps, 24 DFE taps

Digital Carrier Average Power Measurement

Amplitude Range -30 to +60 dBmV

Resolution 0.01 dB

Absolute Accuracy typ ± 1.0 dB @ +20ºC (typical)

Measurement Range 1 MHz to 1000 MHz

Bandwidth Range 200 kHz to 200 MHz

Modulation Error Ratio (MER)

Range 22 dB to 40 dB

Accuracy ± 0.5 dB to 22 to 30 dB± 1.0 dB to 30 to 35 dB± 1.8 dB to 35 to 40 dB

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

Range 0.65% to 4.1%

1 Second Period Bit Error Rate (BER), Before and After R-S Decoding

Range 1.0 x 10-9 to 2 x 10-3

Symbol Rate

Range 1 - 7 MS/s


There are many different TV standards in use around the world defining in detail the base bandand RF structure of the signal. But for the broadband engineer and technician the key parametersare the bandwidth, the shape of the lower (vestigial) and upper sidebands, and the frequency andamplitude relationships of the vision (luminance), color (chrominance) and audio sub carriers. Interms of these parameters, the vast majority of TV transmissions fall into just six categories, whichare illustrated in the figure below.

2. CATV Standards & Systems 2


When measuring or specifying CCN, it is important to define the noise bandwidth in which thenoise is specified. The bandwidths for various TV systems are as shown in the following table.

Note that the figure on the previous page does not define such parameters as field frequency, linefrequency, or color encoding technique, which distinguish the NTSC, PAL, and SECAM systems.The letters B, G, M, etc. are referred to as TV standards, and the encoding techniques (NTSC,PAL, etc.) are referred to as systems. (Refer to the figure below.)

Standard Can Be Used With These Systems

B PAL, SECAM

D SECAM

G PAL, SECAM

H PAL, SECAM

I PAL

K SECAM

K1 SECAM

L SECAM

M NTSC, PAL

N PAL

System I B, G K1,L D, K M, N

VideoBandwidth*(*includinglower sideband)

6.75 5.75 7.25 6.75 4.95

NoiseBandwidth 5.08 4.75 5.58 5.75 4.00


Menu Navigation TreeThe buttons listed in this menu tree are in alphabetical order. Some menus can only be activatedin instruments with corresponding options.

Amplitude Settings

AMPLITUDEAMPLITUDE Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

For more information about Amplitude Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 2: Basic Measurement Settings, Amplitude Settings.

Automatic/Manual Settings

AUTOAUTO Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

For more information about Automatic Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Automatic/Manual Settings.

3. Menu Navigation Tree 3


Auxiliary Measurements

AUXAUX Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

In the flow diagram above, <Title> indicates that the title of this menu will vary based on whichmeasurement is chosen.

For more information about Auxiliary Measurements, see Section II: Spectrum AnalyzerMode, Chapter 5: Auxiliary Measurement Tools.


Bandwidth Settings

BWBW Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

For more information about Bandwidth Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Bandwidth Settings.

Double Window Display Mode

WINDOWWINDOW Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

For more information about Span Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Double Window Display Mode.


Frequency Settings

FREQUENCYFREQUENCY

Spectrum Analyzer ModeThis Menu is enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode only.

For more information about Frequency Settings in Spectrum Analyzer Mode, see SectionII: Spectrum Analyzer Mode, Chapter 2: Basic Measurement Settings, FrequencySettings.

DTV ModeThis Menu is enabled in DTV Mode only.

For more information about Frequency Settings in DTV Mode, see Section III: AdvancedMeasurement Modes, Chapter 3: DTV Analyzer, Channel & Frequency Selection.


Measurement Tools

MEASMEAS Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

For more information about Measurement Tool, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Measurement Tools.

For more information about Marker Tools, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Marker Tools.

Marker Tools

NORMALNORMAL Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.


In the flow diagram above, (#) indicates a connection to a menu of the same number within thissection, see the following pages for a continuation of this diagram.

For more information about Mode Selection of Advanced Measurement Functions, seeSection III: Advanced Measurement Modes.

Mode Selection

MODEMODE Enabled in All Measurement Modes.


Note: When you select the Depth MOD > Softbutton, the instrumentdefaults to the Normal Measurement Function. Press the ReturnSoftbutton to access the Depth of Modulation Main Menu.


Note: The left side shows the PAL standards available, while the rightside is shows the NTSC standards available.


Note: When you select the In-Channel Response > Softbutton, theinstrument defaults to the Sweep Signal Function. Press the ReturnSoftbutton to access the In-Channel Response Main Menu.


For more information about Span Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Multi-Trace Tools.

Peak Signal Search Tools

PEAKPEAK Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

For more information about Peak Signal Search, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 4: Basic Measurement Tools, Peak Signal Search Tools.

Multi-Trace Tools

TRACETRACE Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.


For more information about Span Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Signal Sweep Settings.

Signal Sweep Settings

SWEEPSWEEP Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

Signal Sweep Mode

SGLSGL Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

For more information about Span Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Signal Sweep Settings.


For more information about System Calibration, see Section I: The Basics, Chapter 5:System Calibration.

For more information about Span Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 2: Basic Measurement Settings, Span Settings.

System Calibration

CALCAL Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

Span Settings

SPANSPAN Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.


System Configuration

CONFIGCONFIG Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

In the flow diagram above, (#) indicates a connection to a menu of the same number within thissection, see the following pages for a continuation of this menu.

For more information about System Configuration, see Section I: The Basics, Chapter 4:System Configuration.


Trigger Settings

TRIGTRIG Enabled in Spectrum Analyzer Mode Only.

For more information about Span Settings, see Section II: Spectrum Analyzer Mode,Chapter 3: Basic Parameter Settings, Trigger Settings.


4. Information Window Messages 4

NO. MESSAGE REASON RESOLUTION

#01 Please InputChannel

Before channelmeasuring, you have notentered a channelnumber or a frequency.

Enter a channelnumber or a frequency.

#02 Please RemoveMod.

In the case of C/Nmeasurement, aftermeasuring the carrierlevel, system requires toturn OFF the modulationof the signal.

Turn OFF signal'smodulate (messagewill not disappear).

#03 Press Measure ToStart

Prompts you to turn OFFthe signal whenmeasuring CTB/CSO.

Press Measure.

#04 Please Turn CarrierOFF

Signal's modulate shouldbe OFF when measuringCTB/CSO.

Turn OFF the signal'scarrier.

#05 Confirm ChannelPress again to exit

When exiting CTB/CSOor C/N measurement, youwould press Returntwice. It may prompt youto restore the signal.

Press again to exit,otherwise continuemeasuring.

#06 Must in Measure

Want to turn OFF thereference line beforestarting to scan thestandard channels.

Press Measure.

#07 Input Channel NO.Enter to Continue

The user needs to enter achannel number.

Enter a channelnumber and pressENTER.

#08 Visual Freq: MHzEnter to Continue

The user needs to enter acarrier frequency.

Enter a frequency, andpress ENTER.

#09 No Channel Table User channel scanwithout a channel table.

Find a user channeltable by Auto orManu.



#10 Table is Full

When finding userchannel tables by menus,the number of the channelexceeds the limit.

Delete inutilitychannels.

#11 Channel Added When adding a userchannel successfully. —

#12 Invalid FrequencyWhen adding a userchannel, the enteredfrequency is out of range.

Input range:1Mz~1000MHz

#13 Channel Deleted When deleting a userchannel successfully. —

#14 Invalid Channel

When adding a userchannel, the enteredchannel number is out ofrange.

Channel number range:1~199

#15 Already ExistOverwrite Anyway?

When adding a userchannel, the enteredchannel already exists.

Press ENTER key tooverwrite, ESC key tocancel.

#16 Remove RF Input Base noise calibrate witha RF input. Remove the RF input.

#17 No Such Plan In the case of FCC, use aplan which does not exist. Find the plan.

#18 Select Time 1 Ifmeasured by manu

If not measuredautomatically, selectTime 1.

Select Time 1.

#19 — — —

#20 — — —

#21 Choose FM First Changing the FM gain. Change the Modulatemode from AM to FM.



#22 Turn Mode OnSpectrum Analyzer

Change mode into DoubleWindow mode when thecurrent mode is not inSpectrum Analyzer mode.

Press MODE key, andthen press SpectrumAnalyzer.

#23 Invalid CBW/CSP

When measuring CSP,power or OBW, thefrequency parameter is notsuitable.

Try to reduce the CBWor CSP.

#24 Please Turn OffPeak Table

With the peak table ON,trying to do as follows:search the next peak, nextpeak right, next peak left,move the peak point to thecenter or top position;press Normal menu.

Turn OFF the peaktable.

#25 Please Turn OffMark Table

When mark table is ON,trying to do as follows: turnthe frequency counter ON,normal mark, delta mark,fixed mark; push the markto the center, to the topposition; search a peak.

Turn OFF the marktable.

#26 Please Turn OffFreq Count

When the frequencycounter is ON, trying to doas follows: turn the deltamark, fixed mark, multimarks ON; push the markto the center, to the topposition.

Turn OFF the frequencycounter.

#27 Cannot reach NdBpoints

No peak points on thescreen or the peak point ison the edge of the screen.

Modify the centerfrequency, enlarge thespan or decrease theRBW.



#28 Please turn theDispline ON

Turn ON the instantfunction with the referenceOFF.

Turn ON the referenceline.

#29 Calibrate Failed Frequency or amplitudecalibration.

Confirm the calibrateline is connected.

#30 Not Enough Space Not enough space to savepictures. Delete inutility pictures.

#31Please Turn OFFredundantMarker(s)

When delta mark, fixedmark or multi marks is ON,trying to turn the marknoise ON.

Turn OFF the reluctantmarks.

#32 Turn One Trace onWrite Mode

Turn ON NdB or Instantsfunction when there is notrace in Write mode.

Press TRACE key andturn at least one traceON in Write mode.

#33 Data'll be lostContinue anyway?

Want to restore to themanufacture.

If you press Yes, allbmp files, userchannels, etc. will belost.

#34 Doesn't SupportUSB in this version

Want to update by theUSB, but this version doesnot support it.

—

#35 No Such a File Transmit or delete a filenot exist. Save a picture.

#36 Translate FailedConfirm Port

When transmit BMP filescannot connect to the host.

Confirm the connectionand the baud rate.

#37 Not Connected

Does not connect to aprinter; the printer is notopen, or does not supportthis printer.

Confirm theconnection; Confirmthe model.

#38 No Paper No paper Add some paper.

#39 Printer is Busy Printer is busy. Wait for awhile.



#40 Select a Printer Have not chosen a printerPress CONFIG ->Print/Save -> Print

#41 Input a Name: EnterTo Continue

When saving a BMP file,enter a filename (number)

Input a number,maximum 8 digits.

#42 Input a Time: ByPress Digital Key

When time display is ONand you choose timebutton.

If you want to changethe current time, justpress the Digitalsoftkey to continue.

#43 Calibrate Finish

After the frequency,amplitude or base noisecalibrate is successfullyfinished.

—

#44 Please Turn OffDouble Window

Try to turn on the volume,mark table, peak table inDouble Window mode.

Press Window, andthen select WindowOff.

#45 Please Input 0-9While saving the file, thefile name should bepositive integer.

Input number 0 – 9.

#46 Please shut downAnd restart

After update, you shouldshut down the power andrestart 8821Q again.

Shut down the power.

#47 Please augmentRBW

Set the Count to On whileRBW is smaller than3 kHz.

Change RBW to largerthan 1 kHz.

#48 Half-baked DataView last statistic resultwhile last statistic is neverfinished.

View after finish atleast one statistic.

#49 Please Exit AuxMeasure.

Change the parameterswhile system is in channelpower measure state.

Exit the channel powermeasure state.



#50 Turn Off FMChange the parameterswhile system is in FMdemodulation state.

Turn the Demodulationto AM.

#51 Turn Off TV TrigChange the parameterswhile system is in TV-Htrigger state.

Change the trigger toFree Run mode.

#52 Option not Installed Use the functions thatneed options support.

Connect to us andpurchase the options.

#53 Please turn Off Gate

While measuringCSO/CTB in Gate Onstate, press Next/LastChan softkey.

Set the Gate to Off.

#54 Already ExistOverwrite Anyway?

The file has existed whilesaving the file.

Press ENTER key toconfirm or ESC key tocancel.

#55 Please SelectFile(s) First

Try to delete or transmitfile(s) before selectingthem.

Select file(s) first.

#56 Really del the files(s) Prompt the user toconfirm.


#57 Really Trans thefile(s)

Prompt the user toconfirm.


#58 Stop FREQ mustGreater than start

The limit line frequencysetting is illogical.

Set the Start Frequencysmaller than StopFrequency.

#59 Low BatteryThe electrical voltage isinsufficient while you try toupdate the software.

Plug in the charger.

#60 Doesn't supportUSB Devices

Some 8821Q do notsupport USB devices. It is inextricable.



#61 No USB devicesdetected

Before transmitting datato USB disk, the USBdisk must be connectedwell.

Plug the USB disk andreset the system.

#62 UpDate File ishalf-baked

The update file isinsufficient.

Connect to us for anupdate.

#63 Copy Finished The file copy from 8821Qto USB disk is finished.

User can go on to doother measures.

#64 — — —

#65 Count is closed

The count willautomatically change toOFF while the user setsthe RBW to smaller than3 kHz.

Do not change theRBW to smaller than 3kHz if you need thecount ON.

#66 Can't trig a line

Cannot find a linesynchronization signal.Perhaps the signal is tooweak.

Decrease theattenuator value.

#67 Turn OFF HFC In HFC mode you cannotopen peak table.

Change to NormalSpectrum mode.

#68 Can't do FCCmeasure now

Cannot do FCC measurein Scan Channel menu.

Return to Normal modeand set the time again.

#69 Turn ON TG

The tracking generator isclosed when performingthe tracking generator'spower calculation andnormalization.

Set the trackinggenerator to ON.

#70 Turn Log ON

When performing thepower normalization ofthe tracking generator,the analyzer should be inthe Log mode.

Change the SCALstate in the Amplitudemenu to Log mode.



#71 Turn Gate ON

In CCN and CSO/CTBmeasurement, whenchanging the Viewsoftkey to Vid, you shouldfirst set the Gate to On.

Set the Gate to On.

#72 Can't delete anactive plan

In Channel Table menu,you cannot delete theactive plan.

Activate another plan,then delete this plan.

#73 Please use Unfreezemode

In QAM equalizer display,the frequency responseand group delay can onlybe refreshed when theequalizer is in Unfreezemode.

Set the equalizer toUnfreeze mode to seethe frequency responseand group delay.

#74 Can't delete the lastchannel

When there is only onechannel in the selectedchannel table, you cannotdelete it.

Delete the selectedchannel table.

#75 No item

System measure isselected, but there is notest item in the active TVplan set to Enable.

Edit the active TV plan.Set the wanted itemsto Enable.

#76 No channelThe entered channelnumber does not exist inthe active TV plan.

Enter another existingchannel or edit the TVplan to add the neededchannel.

#77 Channel alreadyExist

The entered channelnumber has existed,when user edits thechannel number.

Enter another channelnumber.

#78 Delete channelanyway?

Delete a selectedchannel.

Press ENTER keytoconfirm the delete orpress ESC key tocancel the command.


5. Index 5

AAccessories - Optional ............................................................................................................. 1.7AMPLITUDE Button ............................................................................................................... 1.11Amplitude Measurement

Amplitude Units ................................................................................................................... 1.11Attenuation .....................................................................................................1.11, 2.19, 3.103Log/Linear Scale....................................................................................................... 1.11, 2.20Preamplifier ........................................................................................................................ 2.23Reference Level ........................................................................................................ 1.11, 2.16Vertical Resolution .................................................................................................... 1.11, 2.21

AnalyzerCATV ........................................................................................................................ 1.13, 3.20Noise Correction ................................................................................................................. 3.40Noise Correction Factor ...................................................................................................... 3.21QAM ......................................................................................................................... 1.13, 3.99Spectrum ............................................................................................................................ 1.13

ArrowDown Button........................................................................................................................ 1.14Up Button ............................................................................................................................ 1.14

Attenuation SettingsAuto .................................................................................................................................... 2.32

AUTO Button .......................................................................................................................... 1.13AUX Button ............................................................................................................................ 1.13Auxiliary Measurement ........................................................................................... 2.2, 2.53, 3.2

BBackspace Button .................................................................................................................. 1.14Bandwidth Settings ................................................................................................................ 2.25

Auto .................................................................................................................................... 2.32NdB .................................................................................................................................... 1.14Occupied ............................................................................................................................ 2.57Resolution ................................................................................................................. 1.12, 2.26Video ........................................................................................................................ 1.12, 2.28Video Average .................................................................................................................... 2.29

Base Noise Calibration .......................................................................................................... 3.21Battery

Charger Connection ............................................................................................................ 1.16Voltage Measurement ......................................................................................................... 1.14


Battery Voltage ...................................................................................................................... 2.52Baud Rate .................................................................................................................... 1.20, 1.21BER-POST Th Settings ........................................................................................................ 3.112BER-PRE Th Settings .......................................................................................................... 3.112Button

AMPLITUDE ....................................................................................................................... 1.11Arrow - Down ...................................................................................................................... 1.14Arrow - Up ........................................................................................................................... 1.14AUTO.................................................................................................................................. 1.13AUX .................................................................................................................................... 1.13BW ..................................................................................................................................... 1.12CAL .................................................................................................................................... 1.14CONFIG .............................................................................................................................. 1.13Decimal .............................................................................................................................. 1.14ENTER ...............................................................................................................................1.14ESC.................................................................................................................................... 1.14FREQUENCY ..................................................................................................................... 1.11HOLD ................................................................................................................................. 1.12MEAS ................................................................................................................................. 1.14MODE ................................................................................................................................ 1.13Negative/Backspace ........................................................................................................... 1.14NORMAL ............................................................................................................................ 1.12Numeric .............................................................................................................................. 1.14PEAK ................................................................................................................................. 1.12PRINT/SAVE....................................................................................................................... 1.13RESET ............................................................................................................................... 1.14SGL .................................................................................................................................... 1.13SPAN.................................................................................................................................. 1.11SWEEP .............................................................................................................................. 1.12TRACE ............................................................................................................................... 1.13TRIG ................................................................................................................................... 1.12WINDOW ............................................................................................................................ 1.11

BW Button .............................................................................................................................. 1.12


CCAL Button............................................................................................................................. 1.14CAL OUT - Calibration Signal Output........................................................................................ 1.9Calibrate

Amplitude............................................................................................................................ 1.14Base Noise ......................................................................................................................... 3.21Data Display ....................................................................................................................... 1.33Frequency ........................................................................................................................... 1.14Frequency Response Data.................................................................................................. 1.33

CATV Analyzer ............................................................................................................. 1.13, 3.20Base Noise Calibration ....................................................................................................... 3.21CATV Channel Measurement .............................................................................................. 3.26CATV Channel Scan ........................................................................................................... 3.84CATV Test Settings .............................................................................................................3.22FCC Report ........................................................................................................................ 3.93Noise Correction ................................................................................................................. 3.40

CATV Channel Measurement ................................................................................................. 3.26Carrier Level & Frequency .................................................................................................. 3.34Carrier-to-Composite Noise ................................................................................................ 3.38Channel Select .................................................................................................................... 3.27Chrominance-to-Luminance Delay Inequality (CLDI) ............................................................ 3.62Cross Modulation ................................................................................................................ 3.50CTB/CSO ........................................................................................................................... 3.53Depth of Modulation ............................................................................................................ 3.31Differential Phase/Gain ....................................................................................................... 3.68FM Deviation ...................................................................................................................... 3.29Hum .................................................................................................................................... 3.48In-Channel Response .......................................................................................................... 3.73Leakage ............................................................................................................................. 3.60

CATV Channel Scan ..............................................................................................................3.84Favorite Channel Scan ........................................................................................................ 3.91Standard Channel Scan ...................................................................................................... 3.85User Channel Scan ............................................................................................................. 3.89

CATV Test Settings ................................................................................................................ 3.22Frequency Setup .................................................................................. 3.16, 3.23, 3.24, 3.105

Center Frequency ................................................................................... 1.11, 2.32, 2.55, 3.108


Channel MeasurementAdjacent Channel Power ........................................................................................... 1.13, 2.58Average Power ................................................................................................................... 2.55CATV .................................................................................................................................. 3.26Channel Bandwidth ............................................................................................................. 2.55Channel Power ......................................................................................................... 1.13, 2.55Channel Spacing ................................................................................................................. 2.55Occupied Bandwidth ................................................................................................. 1.13, 2.57Occupied Bandwidth % Power ............................................................................................ 2.55

Channel TableActivate ................................................................................................................................. 3.4Edit Channel Plan ................................................................................................................. 3.4New Channel ....................................................................................................................... 3.11

CHARGER Input .................................................................................................................... 1.16Chrominance-to-Luminance Delay Inequality (CLDI) ............................................................... 3.62Clock Setting ......................................................................................................................... 1.23COM - RS-232 Input/Output .................................................................................................... 1.15CONFIG Button ...................................................................................................................... 1.13Constellation Diagram

Cyclic ................................................................................................................................ 3.106Display.............................................................................................................................. 3.103Grid .................................................................................................................................. 3.114Time Filter ......................................................................................................................... 3.106

CTB/CSO .............................................................................................................................. 3.53Last Channel ....................................................................................................................... 3.55Next Channel ....................................................................................................................... 3.55

DDecimal Button ...................................................................................................................... 1.14Default Settings.................................................................................................................... 3.111Demodulation Measurement ........................................................................................ 1.13, 2.59

FM Gain .............................................................................................................................. 2.60Limit Line .................................................................................................................. 1.13, 2.60Listen On ............................................................................................................................ 2.59


Detector ....................................................................................................................... 1.13, 2.48Average .............................................................................................................................. 2.49Negative-Peak .................................................................................................................... 2.49Normal ................................................................................................................................ 2.49Positive-Peak ..................................................................................................................... 2.49Sample ............................................................................................................................... 2.49

Differential Phase/Gain .......................................................................................................... 3.68Display

Delta ................................................................................................................................... 2.51Equalizer ........................................................................................................................... 3.120Line .................................................................................................................................... 2.51QAM Analyzer ................................................................................................................... 3.100Spectrum Analyzer - Single Window ...................................................................................... 2.3TFT Color LCD ..................................................................................................................... 1.9

Down Button .......................................................................................................................... 1.14

EENTER Button........................................................................................................................ 1.14Equalizer Display ................................................................................................................. 3.120

Coefficient ........................................................................................................................ 3.122Frequency Response ........................................................................................................ 3.123Group Delay ...................................................................................................................... 3.124

EquipmentOptional ................................................................................................................................ 1.7Supplied ............................................................................................................................... 1.6

ESC Button ............................................................................................................................ 1.14ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) ................................................................................................. 1.5

FFan ........................................................................................................................................ 1.16FCC Report ........................................................................................................................... 3.93Features - Optional .................................................................................................................. 1.8File

Transmit .............................................................................................................................. 1.27Firmware Version ................................................................................................................... 1.13FM

Deviation ............................................................................................................................ 3.29Gain .................................................................................................................................... 2.60


FREQUENCY Button.............................................................................................................. 1.11Frequency Count .................................................................................................................... 2.42Frequency Measurement ........................................................................................................ 2.11

Center Frequency ................................................................................ 1.11, 2.12, 2.55, 3.108Frequency Step ......................................................................................................... 1.11, 2.13Start Frequency ......................................................................................................... 1.11, 2.13Stop Frequency ......................................................................................................... 1.11, 2.13

Frequency Response Data..................................................................................................... 1.33Front Panel .............................................................................................................................. 1.9

CAL OUT - Calibration Signal Output ..................................................................................... 1.9Main Power Switch ............................................................................................................... 1.9RF IN - Radio Frequency Input ............................................................................................. 1.10Softkeys ................................................................................................................................ 1.9TFT Color LCD Display ......................................................................................................... 1.9Tracking Generator Output .................................................................................................... 1.9USB Interface ........................................................................................................................ 1.9User Interface ...................................................................................................................... 1.10

GGate Measure

Carrier-to-Composite Noise ...................................................................................... 3.42, 3.55Ground Connection ................................................................................................................ 1.16Group Delay Display ............................................................................................................ 3.124

HHold ....................................................................................................................................... 2.31HOLD Button.......................................................................................................................... 1.12Hum ....................................................................................................................................... 3.48

IInput Impedance ..................................................................................................................... 1.13Inputs

CHARGER.......................................................................................................................... 1.16COM - RS-232 .................................................................................................................... 1.15KEYBOARD - PS2 .............................................................................................................. 1.15RF IN .................................................................................................................................. 1.10


KKeyboard

PS2 Input ............................................................................................................................ 1.15USB ...................................................................................................................................... 1.9

Knob ...................................................................................................................................... 1.14

LLAN Connection ..................................................................................................................... 1.15Language Select .................................................................................................................... 1.25Leakage ................................................................................................................................ 3.60Line Limit ............................................................................................................................... 2.60Listen On ...............................................................................................................................2.59

MMarker ......................................................................................................................... 1.12, 2.36

All Off .................................................................................................................................. 2.36Delta ................................................................................................................................... 2.38Fixed .................................................................................................................................. 2.39Frequency Count ................................................................................................................. 2.42Mark Noise ......................................................................................................................... 2.43Multi .................................................................................................................................... 2.40Normal ................................................................................................................................ 2.37Table ................................................................................................................................... 2.40

MEAS Button ......................................................................................................................... 1.14Measurement Modes - Advanced

QAM Analyzer ..................................................................................................................... 3.99Tracking Generator ........................................................................................................... 3.125

Measurement Modes - AuxiliaryDemodulation Measurement ............................................................................................... 2.59

Measurement Modes - BasicAmplitude............................................................................................................................ 2.16Frequency ........................................................................................................................... 2.11Sweep Span ....................................................................................................................... 2.13


Measurement ToolsBattery Voltage ......................................................................................................... 1.14, 2.52Detector .............................................................................................................................. 2.48Display Delta ...................................................................................................................... 1.14Display Line ........................................................................................................................ 2.51Double Window..................................................................................................................... 2.7Internal Temperature .................................................................................................. 1.14, 2.52Markers .............................................................................................................................. 2.36Multi-Trace .......................................................................................................................... 2.46N dB PTS............................................................................................................................ 2.50Peak Search ....................................................................................................................... 2.44Title ..................................................................................................................................... 1.31

Menu Navigation Tree ............................................................................................................ 4.11Amplitude Settings .............................................................................................................. 4.11Automatic/Manual Settings .................................................................................................. 4.11Auxiliary Measurements ...................................................................................................... 4.12Bandwidth Settings .............................................................................................................4.13Double Window Display Mode ............................................................................................ 4.13Frequency Settings ............................................................................................................. 4.14Marker Tools ....................................................................................................................... 4.15Measurement Tools ............................................................................................................. 4.15Mode Selection ................................................................................................................... 4.16Multi-Trace Tools ................................................................................................................. 4.27Peak Signal Search Tools ................................................................................................... 4.27Signal Sweep Settings ........................................................................................................ 4.28Span Settings ..................................................................................................................... 4.29System Configuration .......................................................................................................... 4.30Trigger Settings ................................................................................................................... 4.32

MER Th Settings .................................................................................................................. 3.112MODE Button ......................................................................................................................... 1.13Model Information ................................................................................................................... 1.15Modulation

Cross .................................................................................................................................. 3.50Depth .................................................................................................................................. 3.31


Multi-Trace ............................................................................................................................. 2.46Blank .................................................................................................................................. 2.47Max Hold ............................................................................................................................. 2.47View ................................................................................................................................... 2.47Write ................................................................................................................................... 2.46

NN dB PTS............................................................................................................................... 2.50NdB Bandwidth ...................................................................................................................... 1.14Negative Button...................................................................................................................... 1.14Noise

Base Calibration ................................................................................................................. 3.21Carrier-to-Composite .......................................................................................................... 3.38Correction ........................................................................................................................... 3.40Mark ................................................................................................................................... 2.43

NORMAL Button ..................................................................................................................... 1.12Numeric Buttons ..................................................................................................................... 1.14

OOptional

Accessories .......................................................................................................................... 1.7Features ...............................................................................................................................1.8

OutputsCAL OUT .............................................................................................................................. 1.9COM - RS-232 .................................................................................................................... 1.15Composite Video ................................................................................................................1.15PARALLEL ......................................................................................................................... 1.15S-VIDEO ............................................................................................................................. 1.15Tracking Generator ............................................................................................................... 1.9VGA.................................................................................................................................... 1.15

PPalette ................................................................................................................................... 1.30PARALLEL Output ................................................................................................................. 1.15


Parameter Settings - Basic .................................................................................................... 2.24Automatic/Manual ............................................................................................................... 2.32Bandwidth ........................................................................................................................... 2.25Hold .................................................................................................................................... 2.31Sweep Mode ...................................................................................................................... 2.31Trigger ................................................................................................................................ 2.33

PeakMarker to Center ................................................................................................................. 2.44Marker to Ref Lvl ................................................................................................................. 2.44Next .................................................................................................................................... 2.44Next Left .............................................................................................................................. 2.44Next Right ........................................................................................................................... 2.44Search ................................................................................................................................ 2.44Sort ........................................................................................................................... 1.12, 2.45Table ......................................................................................................................... 1.12, 2.45Track ................................................................................................................................... 2.45

PEAK Button.......................................................................................................................... 1.12Polarity Settings ................................................................................................................... 3.111Power

Maximum Input .................................................................................................................... 1.10Measurement ...................................................................................................................... 2.55

Power SwitchMain ...................................................................................................................................... 1.9Power Supply ON/OFF........................................................................................................ 1.16

Preamplifier ........................................................................................................................... 2.23Precautions.............................................................................................................................. 1.4PRINT Button ......................................................................................................................... 1.13

QQAM Analyzer .............................................................................................................. 1.13, 3.99

Display.............................................................................................................................. 3.100Equalizer Display ..............................................................................................................3.120Settings ............................................................................................................................ 3.107Statistic Graph .................................................................................................................. 3.116


QAM Settings ...................................................................................................................... 3.107BER-POST Th .................................................................................................................. 3.112BER-PRE Th..................................................................................................................... 3.112Center Frequency ............................................................................................................. 3.108Default Settings ................................................................................................................. 3.111MER Th ............................................................................................................................. 3.112Polarity .............................................................................................................................. 3.111Select Mode...................................................................................................................... 3.110Standards Setting ............................................................................................................. 3.109

RRear Panel ............................................................................................................................. 1.15

Battery Charger Connection ................................................................................................ 1.16Chassis Ground .................................................................................................................. 1.16COM Port (RS-232) ............................................................................................................ 1.15Fan ..................................................................................................................................... 1.16Keyboard (PS2) Input .......................................................................................................... 1.15LAN (Local Area Network) Connection ................................................................................ 1.15Parallel Port ........................................................................................................................ 1.15Power Supply ON/OFF Switch ............................................................................................ 1.16Tag - Model / Serial Number ................................................................................................ 1.15Video Output

Composite ....................................................................................................................... 1.15S-Video ........................................................................................................................... 1.15VGA................................................................................................................................. 1.15

Reference Level ..................................................................................................................... 2.17RESET Button........................................................................................................................ 1.14Resolution Bandwidth ............................................................................................................. 1.12RF IN - Radio Frequency Input ................................................................................................ 1.10RS-232 Input/Output ............................................................................................................... 1.15

SS-Video Output ...................................................................................................................... 1.15SAVE Button .......................................................................................................................... 1.13Serial Number .................................................................................................... 1.13, 1.15, 1.19


Setting Clock ......................................................................................................................... 1.23Settings ............................................................................................................................... 3.107

BER-POST Th .................................................................................................................. 3.112BER-PRE Th..................................................................................................................... 3.112Center Frequency ............................................................................................................. 3.108Default .............................................................................................................................. 3.111MER Th ............................................................................................................................. 3.112Polarity .............................................................................................................................. 3.111QAM Select ...................................................................................................................... 3.110Standards ......................................................................................................................... 3.109

SGL Button............................................................................................................................. 1.13Softbuttons ...............................................................................................................................1.9Software

Update ................................................................................................................................ 1.34Version ..................................................................................................................... 1.13, 1.19

SPAN Button .......................................................................................................................... 1.11Spectrum Analyzer.................................................................................................................. 1.13

Single Window Display ......................................................................................................... 2.3Start Frequency ...................................................................................................................... 1.11Statistic Graph ..................................................................................................................... 3.116

Set Time ........................................................................................................................... 3.116View Last .......................................................................................................................... 3.119

Stop Frequency ...................................................................................................................... 1.11Supplied Equipment ................................................................................................................. 1.6SWEEP Button ...................................................................................................................... 1.12Sweep Settings

Hold .................................................................................................................................... 2.31Mode ........................................................................................................................ 1.12, 2.31Time.................................................................................................................................... 1.12

Sweep Span Measurement .................................................................................................... 2.13Full Span ............................................................................................................................. 2.15Last Span............................................................................................................................ 2.15Span Zoom ......................................................................................................................... 2.15Zero Span ........................................................................................................................... 2.15

SwitchMain ...................................................................................................................................... 1.9Power Supply ON/OFF........................................................................................................ 1.16

System Reset ........................................................................................................................ 1.14


TTemperature Measurement - Internal ............................................................................. 1.14, 2.52Title ........................................................................................................................................ 1.31TRACE Button ....................................................................................................................... 1.13Tracking Generator .................................................................................................... 1.13, 3.125

Output ................................................................................................................................... 1.9Transmit File .......................................................................................................................... 1.27TRIG Button............................................................................................................................ 1.12Trigger Settings...................................................................................................................... 2.33

Free Run ................................................................................................................... 1.12, 2.33TV-H ......................................................................................................................... 1.12, 2.34Video ........................................................................................................................ 1.12, 2.34

TrilithicTechnical Support .................................................................................................................. 1.2Website ................................................................................................................................ 1.2

TV Line Trigger ...................................................................................................................... 2.34

UUp Button ...............................................................................................................................1.14USB Port ................................................................................................................................. 1.9User Interface ......................................................................................................................... 1.10

CONTROL .......................................................................................................................... 1.12AUTO...............................................................................................................................1.13AUX ................................................................................................................................. 1.13BW .................................................................................................................................. 1.12HOLD .............................................................................................................................. 1.12SGL ................................................................................................................................. 1.13SWEEP ........................................................................................................................... 1.12TRACE ............................................................................................................................ 1.13TRIG ................................................................................................................................ 1.12

ENTRYArrow - Down ...................................................................................................................1.14Arrow - Up ........................................................................................................................ 1.14Decimal ........................................................................................................................... 1.14ENTER ............................................................................................................................ 1.14ESC................................................................................................................................. 1.14Knob ................................................................................................................................ 1.14Negative/Backspace Key ................................................................................................. 1.14Numeric ........................................................................................................................... 1.14


FUNCAMPLITUDE .................................................................................................................... 1.11FREQUENCY .................................................................................................................. 1.11SPAN............................................................................................................................... 1.11WINDOW ......................................................................................................................... 1.11

MARKERNORMAL ......................................................................................................................... 1.12PEAK .............................................................................................................................. 1.12

SYSTEMCAL ................................................................................................................................. 1.14CONFIG ........................................................................................................................... 1.13MEAS .............................................................................................................................. 1.14MODE ............................................................................................................................. 1.13Print/Save ........................................................................................................................ 1.13RESET ............................................................................................................................ 1.14

VVersion

Software ............................................................................................................................. 1.19VGA Output ............................................................................................................................ 1.15Video

Average .................................................................................................................... 1.12, 2.29Average Time ..................................................................................................................... 1.12Bandwidth ................................................................................................................. 1.12, 2.28Trigger ................................................................................................................................ 2.34

WWindow

Double ........................................................................................................................ 1.11, 2.7Single ......................................................................................................................... 1.11, 2.3Switch ................................................................................................................................... 2.9Zone Center .......................................................................................................................... 2.8Zone Peak ............................................................................................................................ 2.8Zone Selection ...................................................................................................................... 2.8Zone Span ............................................................................................................................ 2.8Zoom Selection ..................................................................................................................... 2.9

WINDOW Button .................................................................................................................... 1.11


Warranty InformationTrilithic, Inc. warrants that each part of this product will be free from defects in materials andworkmanship, under normal use, operating conditions and service for a period of two (2) yearsfrom date of delivery. Trilithic, Inc.’s obligation under this Warranty shall be limited, at Trilithic, Inc.’ssole option, to replacing the product, or to replacing or repairing any defective part, F.O.B.Indianapolis, Indiana; provided that the Buyer shall give Trilithic, Inc. written notice.

Batteries are not included or covered by this Warranty.

The remedy set forth herein shall be the only remedy available to the Buyer under this Warrantyand in no event shall Trilithic, Inc. be liable for incidental or consequential damages for any allegedbreach of this Warranty. This Warranty shall not apply to any part of the product which, without faultof Trilithic, Inc., has been subject to alteration, failure caused by a part not supplied by Trilithic, Inc.,accident, fire or other casualty, negligence or misuse, or to any cause whatsoever other than as aresult of a defect.

Except for the warranty and exclusions set forth above, and the warranties, if any, available to theBuyer from those who supply Trilithic, Inc., there are no warranties, expressed or implied (includingwithout limitation, any implied warranties of merchantability of fitness), with respect to thecondition of the product or its suitability for any use intended for it by the Buyer or by the purchaserfrom the Buyer.

9710 Park Davis DriveIndianapolis, IN 46236

(317) 895-3600www.trilithic.com

P/N 0010286000 9/08 Made in U.S.A.

8821Q-R Spectrum Analyzer - Trilithic...TV, cable TV, IPTV, DBS, and radio stations. ... • Section...

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Transcript of 8821Q-R Spectrum Analyzer - Trilithic...TV, cable TV, IPTV, DBS, and radio stations. ... • Section...