Mike LoptienKirk Spowart

Mike GauthiereChris ReidVincent Wu

Read an RFID tag from 10 feet Implement WIFI capabilities GPS integration Use microcontroller

Current technology cannot read a passive tag from more than 5 inches

Active tags are generally encrypted and very hard to use

Active tags would require construction of our own antenna and reader hardware

Wifi too difficult for this semester alone GPS too costly and not necessary for our

project

Read a passive tag from 3-4 inches Implement a touch screen and high-resolution

display Store data on an SD card Audio output NIOS II on Cyclone II FPGA

Grocery store: embed a passive tag in the price tags of items and store data about that item in the reader

Retail stores: similar idea Museum: scan a tag near an exhibit to get info

about it Basically a good way to tie information to a

physical object

ID-12 Passive tag reader Max read range: 4” Simple Circuit and

data reading

Collision detection is handled by the ID-12

It only outputs data when it correctly reads and decodes a tag

Output on D1, pin 8

LED Control on LED, pin 10

Format Select on +/-, pin 7

176 bits of output

Output is inverted 176 bits at 9600 baud 16 serial packets, 1

start bit, 8 data bit, 2 stop bits and 0 parity bits

Least significant bit first

Transmits ASCII characters

Checksum XOR of all output

packets

The Cyclone II

Up to 50MHz Will contain the NIOS II, SPI bus, Graphics

controller, and RFID translation logic Cyclone II has good documentation, good

supporting software, good expandability

Implemented on the Cyclone II FPGA Fully customizable processor Customizable onboard RAM C compatible through the Altera IDE

Used to control data input and output Video controller RFID input analyzer SD interface Programmed through USB blaster SPI bus, UARTs, Ram, Interrupt Priority,

Custom Pin selection

COM : Common - Connects to the housing WP : Write Protect Detect Switch CD : Card Detect Switch P9 : Not used in SPI mode (Pin 9 on SD Card) IRQ : Not used in SPI mode (Pin 8 on SD Card) DO : Serial Data Out GND : Ground - Connect this to

COM to ground the housing CLK : Serial Clock VCC : 3.3V Power DI : Serial Data In CS : Chip Select

Standard Capacity SD Memory Card: Up to and including 2 GB High Voltage SD Memory Card – Operating voltage range: 2.7-3.6 V Default mode: Variable clock rate 0 - 25 MHz, up to 12.5 MB/sec interface

speed (using 4 parallel data lines) Card removal during read operation will never harm the content Built-in write protection features (permanent and temporary) Card Detection (Insertion/Removal)

Learn to communicate with SD/MMC on Altera Board Connect our own SD/MMC breakout board and communicate

Six-wire communication channel

(clock, command, 4 data lines) Error-protected data transfer Single or Multiple block oriented

data transfer

When reading and writing to the SD card, the key problem is timing. The program must adhere to strict read/write timing to read and write data to/from the SD card.

Read Timing

Write Timing

Code Description

S Start bit (= 0)

T Transmitter bit (Host = 1; Card = 0)

P One-cycle pull-up (= 1)

E End bit (= 1)

Z High impedance state (-> = 1)

Code Description

D Data bits

X Don’t care data bits (from SD card)

* Repetition

CRC Cyclic redundancy code bits (7 bits)

Gray / White Card Active / Host Active

Command from host to card is fixed 6 bytes packet NCR-Command Time Response 0-8 bytes for SD DI signal must be kept high during read transfer When a command frame is transmitted to the card, a response to the

command will be sent back to the host

One or more data blocks will be sent/received after command response Data block is transferred as a data packet that consist of Token, Data Block

and CRC Stop Tran token means the end of multiple block write, it is used in single byte

without data block and CRC

Single Block Read

                                                

                                                        

                                     Multiple Block Read

                                                   

                                                                                                                                                                                 

                                                    

Single Block Write

                                                                  

                                                                          

     Multiple Block Write

                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  

       

Sharp PSP Screen: 480x272 Resolution 24 bit color (8 for each R,

G, B) CLK, Hsync, Vsync, DISP

Control pins CLK = 9MHz Vsync = 17.1 KHz Hsync = 60 Hz

Hantouch Touch Panel 4 wire analog resistive Requires A to D converter

to determine location of touch

Goal: Accept commands from NIOS processor to create image and control output to the LCD screen

Solution: Create a “Soft Graphics Controller” on the Cyclone II FPGA Command set

Write text Write vector shapes Write bitmaps Manage image ‘layers’

Rasterizer Convert characters into bitmaps & write to layer Convert vector shapes into bitmaps & write to layer Write bitmaps to layer

Layer Parser Determine layer order, size & position Write parsed layers to frame buffer

Screen Control Logic Manage LCD control pins Clock dividers, etc.

Layer Example

Texas Instruments TSC2102 PDA Controller Chip Configuration & communication via SPI A to D converter for touch panel A to D converter for battery voltage level

measurement Stereo audio DAC & headphone amp

Multiple audio codecs

Two ways to design battery power system for RFID reader

Main option is to use a flyback regulator and transformer with three secondary windings

Alternate option is to use three linear voltage regulators

Pros: May use less power, parts may be less expensive,

we would gain practical knowledge and experience Cons:

More time would be required, voltage regulators still needed so flyback regulator and transformer may be superfluous, not a very big part of project so may not be worth several weeks of effort that can be spent on other parts of the project

Pros: Much simpler to implement battery system, can

handle the amount of juice we’ll need to power devices

Cons: May consume more power

Example of Planned Battery Pack

6 V, 1400 mAH nickel metal hydride battery pack

Two ways to build our battery pack Solder end to end Connect with the battery bars

• CDR: Order components, PCB design, board & processor familiarization, begin hardware modules

• Milestone 1: Finish RFID transceiver, memory, tag ID database

• Milestone 2: Finish touch screen interface, finish graphics controller, finalize control software

• Expo: Finish and test the final software, audio output, construct casing

• Embedded systems & microprocessors: Mike L Mike G

• Power & batteries: Vince / Chris• SD Card: Kirk • Circuit construction: Chris / Vince• Low level software: Kirk / Mike L• High level software: Vince / Mike G / Chris