86th Flying Training Squadron86th Flying Training Squadron

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

#1 Flying Training Squadron in the World

T-1 Formation T-1 Formation

and and

Mission FamiliarizationMission Familiarization

BriefingsBriefings

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Overview

• Air Force Instructions and General Knowledge Sources

• Formation

• Air Refueling

• Air Drop

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Instructions and GK Sources

• AFI 11-202V3• AFI 11-2T-1V3• AFMAN 11-247• VAFBI 11-201• 86 FTS OI 11-201

• Volume three• Formation standards and communication guides

• IFG• FAR/AIM• AP1/B

4

Formation

• Mission Planning• Crews should coordinate with each other to ensure required

syllabus items are planned and maneuver continuity is taken into account (i.e. wing takeoff requirements, MIF items, special syllabus, etc.).

• Formation maneuvering usually takes place in Burr 1-2 MOA. If a different MOA is required, schedule airspace accordingly.

• Sign out formation call signs at duty desk.• Determine formation commander and individual aircraft

commanders (see 86 FTS OI 11-201).

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Formation

• Mission Planning (continued)• Create mission card (use standard 86 FTS mission card)

and make copy for each crew member.• Flight plan

• Usually file one flight plan; however, separate flight plans may be required if weather or mission requirements dictate.

• If weather requires single ship clearances on departure/recovery, separate flight plans may be required/preferred.

• Reference GP, 86 FTS OI 11-201, and IFG.

• Know 86 FTS OI 11-201 Formation Standards and Formation Communications Guide.

• Student in the lead aircraft briefs the mission using the Formation Briefing Guide in the IFG.

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Formation

• Ground Ops• Student sits in right seat• Inform lead/wing of any delays during ground ops• Inform crew chief of formation mission• Taxi no closer than 150 feet from lead (approximately 2

taxi lights behind)• Minimum runway width for formation takeoff is 150 feet• If crosswind component exceeds 10 knots, place

wingman on upwind side of runway

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Formation

• Takeoff/Departure• Types of formation takeoffs

• 15 second interval takeoff • One minute interval takeoff • Feed-on takeoff

• On departure, passing 400’ or 1,500’ AGL, lead reduces power to MCT minus 5% N1. After wingman rejoins, lead sets MCT minus 2% N1.

• Standard Formation• Wingman remains within 1 mile laterally and within 100 feet

vertically of lead

• Nonstandard Formation• Request with ATC• See LAFBI 11-201 for enroute to MOA procedures

• Visual Position vs. Offset Position

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Formation

References• Read letters on tail easily• Barely make out the #s• .2 DME on A/A TACAN• Barely see front cockpit windows• Right engine on lead’s emergency exit door• Stinger light just touches left engine

• Visual Formation• Wingman approximately 600-700 feet aft of lead & 200-300

feet laterally

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Formation

• Offset Position• Wingman 600-4000 feet (.2 - .8 DME) from lead• Remain within semi circle starting from abeam lead

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Formation

• Area Maneuvers• Offset maneuvering • Straight ahead rejoin• Turning rejoins• Practice lost wingman• Breakout• Cell• Position change

Note: information on techniques for accomplishing area

maneuvers is found in the online instructor guide.

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Formation

• Destination Arrival• Drag procedures• Initial/tactical overhead pattern• Downwind entry

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Air Refueling

• Mission Planning• Reserve airspace through 86 FTS Duty Desk or appropriate

agency (AR650, AR614, AR1/2). Schedule track for at least 15 minutes prior to the ARCT.

• Crews should coordinate with each other to ensure required syllabus items are planned and maneuver continuity is taken into account (i.e. overrun/breakaway requirements, MIF items, special syllabus, etc.).

• Plan 2 rendezvous (breakaway after each) and a complete set of formation maneuvers following the air refueling training.

• Determine formation commander and individual aircraft commanders (see 86 FTS OI 11-101).

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Air Refueling

• Mission Planning (continued)• Create mission card (use standard 86 FTS mission card) and

make copy for each crew member.• Flight plan.

• Must file two separate flight plans since aircraft are departing single ship.• Reference GP, 86 FTS OI 11-201, and IFG.

• Get an accurate time hack prior to the briefing (DSN 762-1401).• Know 86 FTS OI 11-201 Formation Standards and AR

Communications Guide.• Devise and brief a clear plan for use and management of UHF

and VHF frequencies/radios. Only use AR specific frequencies during time AR track is reserved. If outside the reserved track time, use formation comm plan frequencies

• Student flying in tanker aircraft first briefs the mission using the Formation Briefing Guide in the IFG

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Air Refueling

• Ground Ops• Student sits in right seat.• Single ship ground ops (you are not a formation yet).• Inform other aircraft if timeline can not be met (i.e.

maintenance problem).• Tanker is responsible for coordinating changes to airspace

and timeline requirements.• Any change to the Air Refueling Control Time (ARCT)

should be completed prior to takeoff.

• During Flight (Prior to Rendezvous Completion)• New checklists to accomplish (See AR section in IFG).• Extensive use of FMS and A/P required. Learn it early.• MARSA: Military Assumes Separation of Aircraft.

• Requirements to accept MARSA: positive ID, positive radio contact and altitude separation.

• Precontact and Contact Positions

15

Air Refueling

Precontact

16

Air Refueling

Contact

17

Air Refueling

• Break-up• Complete a practice emergency separation (i.e. breakaway)

after final contact.• Accomplish altitude swap when 1000’ vertical and 3 NM lateral

separation achieved.• Reverse roles and complete 2nd rendezvous.

• MOA Formation Work• May need to move from AR airspace to MOA for form work.• Do a full formation maneuver profile following the AR training

(time permitting).

• Formation Arrival• Plan a formation arrival to destination airfield (wx permitting).

• Drag procedures.• Initial/tactical overhead pattern.• Downwind entry.

18

Air Drop

• Mission Planning• Reserve low levels through 86 FTS Duty Desk. See LAFBI

11-201 and/or IFG for local IR, SR, VR low level scheduling information.

• Crews should coordinate with each other to ensure required syllabus items are planned and maneuver continuity is taken into account (i.e. wing takeoff requirements, IR vs SR requirements, MIF items, special syllabus, etc.).

• Sign-out air drop low level charts from Check Flight. Duty Desk.• Update/chum charts.

• Normally no formation work following airdrop• Plan for a complete set of formation maneuvers following the air drop.

• Usually accomplished in the Vance 1A MOA.

19

Air Drop

• Mission Planning (continued)• Determine formation commander and individual aircraft

commanders (see 86 FTS OI 11-201).• Create mission card (use standard 86 FTS mission card) and

make copy for each crew member.• Flight plan.

• Usually file one flight plan; however, separate flight plans may be required if weather or mission requirements dictate.

• Reference GP, 86 FTS OI 11-201, and IFG.

• AHAS/BAM level may impact low level and air drop altitudes.• Get an accurate time hack (DSN 762-1401).• Know 86 FTS OI 11-201 Formation Standards and

Formation/Low Level Communications Guide.• Student in lead aircraft briefs the mission.

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Air Drop

• Ground Ops• Student sits in right seat• Same as formation ground ops. Lead is responsible for

coordinating changes to low level entry times.• Controlled takeoff time (CTO). Controlled Departure Time (CDT)

• Enroute to Entry Point• Use FMS route menu to load air drop route. Use of FMS in

combination with chart reading is highly encouraged. • Low level entry checklist.• Lead can change TOT + 2 minutes prior to entry.

• TOT is a Zulu time not a running clock. Hack the clock based on the TOT, not on a position over the ground (i.e. the entry point).

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Air Drop

• Air Drop• Airdrop altitudes on mission card should be in AGL and MSL.• TOT is evaluated to the second. Don’t use FMS clock for

TOT (does not display seconds). Use time-hacked watch from brief.

• Wingman can use speed brakes during drop if needed.

• MOA Work• Normally no MOA work following air drop• Do a full formation maneuver profile following the air drop (time permitting).

• Formation Arrival• Plan a formation arrival to destination airfield (wx permitting).

• Drag procedures.• Initial/tactical overhead pattern.• Downwind entry.

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86th Flying Training Squadron86th Flying Training Squadron

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e

#1 Flying Training Squadron in the World

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