86977719 Best Plants for 30 Tough Sites

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Te BestPlants For30 ough

Sites

Edited by Mary Meyer, Deb Brown and Mike Zins, Extension Horticulturists, University o Minnesota.

Minnesotas Master Gardeners share their 30 years o experience in teaching in Minnesota


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Introduction

Tis bulletin is written in celebration o 30 years o Master Gardener teaching in Minnesota. Here are theBES plants or 30 tough garden sites: dry shade, slopes, lakeshores, all locations that call or tough, durable

plants. Also included are hard-to-nd plant lists o special traits and useul characteristics: sel-seeding, ra-

grance, long-blooming, minimal litter trees. And who better to recommend these plants than the University

o Minnesota Extension Service Master Gardeners? Drawing on their 30 years o teaching and experience,

Master Gardeners list here their selections or these tough sites.

Inside you will nd answers to these tough questions:

What can I plant under a black walnut?What wil l grow in alka line soil?

What is a good small tree or a boulevard?

What tree is good or my compacted soil?

What wil l grow in dry shade, under trees?

Te University o Minnesota Extension

Service Master Gardeners are volunteers

who teach horticulture throughout the

state. More than 5,000 Master Gardeners

have taken the training, started in 1977 by

Mike Zins, now retired U o M Extension

Horticulturist. About 2,500 are currently

active volunteers teaching in schools, nursing

homes, community education programs,

community gardens, armers markets, at

county airs and the state air and answering

phone and email questions. Most counties

in Minnesota have active Master Gardeners

that extend the research-based gardening

inormation rom the University o Minnesota

to the public. o contact a Master Gardener

near you or to learn more about the program

and how you can become a Master Gardener,

seewww.mg.umn.edu. For more gardening

inormation see: www.extension.umn.edu.

About the University o

Minnesota Master Gardeners

30 Years of Master Gardener Teaching

1977 2007

Best Plants or 30 ough Sites


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able o ContentsAlkaline Soil ................................ ........................ ......... 4

Annuals 3 Feet or More................................................. 5

Annual Vines Tat Grow Quickly .................... ............. 6

Boulevard Gardens: Perennials ..................................... 7

Boulevard Gardens: Small rees ...................... ............. 8Broadlea Evergreens or USDA Zone 4 ....................... . 9

Clay Soil ....................... ....................... ........................ . 10

Cold olerant Annuals ...................... ....................... ..... 11

Compacted Sites: rees .................... ........................ ..... 12

Crevice Plants ...................... ........................ ................. 13

Deer Resistant Plants ....................... ........................ ..... 14

Dry Soil: Annual Foliage Plants ....................... ............. 15

Dry Soil: Shade or Under rees .................... ................. 16

Dry Soil: rees ..................... ........................ ................. 17

Fragrant Annuals and Perennials .................................. 18

Fragrant Shrubs ....................... ........................ ............. 19

Indoor Low Light ..................... ........................ ............. 20

Knot Gardens ...................... ........................ ................. 21

Lakeshore Native Plants ....................... ........................ . 22

Long-Blooming Perennials ....................... ..................... 24

Rain Garden Plants ....................... ....................... ......... 25

River Banks and Canoe Public Access Areas ................. 28Sel-Seeding Perennials .................... ........................ ..... 29

Septic Mound Plants .................... ........................ ......... 30

Shade: Shrubs ...................... ........................ ................. 31

Shade: Small rees ....................... ........................ ......... 32

Shade: all Perennials ...................... ........................ ..... 33

Steep Slopes ...................... ....................... ..................... 34

rees Tat Produce Minimal Litter ...................... ......... 35

Under a Black Walnut ree ...................... ..................... 36

Reerences ..................... ....................... ........................ . 38

top: Home vegetablegardens need ull sun andwell-drained soil. Specicvegetable plants and herbs oralkaline soils and near blackwalnut trees are listed in this

publication.

middle: Crimson Pigmybarberry, background, toler-ates alkaline soil, is deer resis-

tant and can be pruned orknot gardens. Blue oatgrass(middle) and hardy chry-santhemums (oreground)are additional choices orboulevard gardens and sunnydry sites.

bottom: Te Rain Gardenat the Minnesota Landscape

Arboretum handles waterruno rom several large

parking lots.


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Alkaline SoilBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

rees & Shrubs

Acer saccharinum si lver maple 45-75 Fast g rowing, brit tle wood; yel low al l color; most condit ions.

Aesculus glabra buckeye 20-40 Att ractive pa lmately compound leaves; yellow/orange/red a ll color.

Berberis thunbergii barberry 2-5 Spreads 2-5 t.; colorul oliage in summer and all.Celtis occidentalis hackberry 40-60 Large shade tree or tough sites.

Cotinus coggygria smokebush 6-15 Produces show y smoky-silver to pink panicles July - Sept.

Cotoneaster lucidus cotoneaster 8-10 Small pink owers; black ruit; excel lent or hedge and xeriscape.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash 40-60 Vigorous growth habit.

Gleditsia triacanthos inermis honeylocust 30-60 Tornless variet ies are best ; rapid grower; prov ides ltered shade.

Hydrangea arborescens hills o snow hydrangea 3-5 Spreads 3-5 t.; mop-head blooms o pink in alkaline soil.

Hydrangea paniculata panicle hydrangea 6 -8 Showy white to pinkish blooms in summer.

Juniperus horizontal is creeping juniper 1-2 Excel lent groundcover ; tough and dependable on poor soi ls .

Juniperus chinensis Chinese juniper 2-6 Gold to green ol iage depending on variety; best in ul l sun.

Ostrya virginiana ironwood 25-40 Interesting hoplike ruit s in a ll and brown leaves add winter interest.

Pinus nigra Austrian pine 50 Spreads to 20 t .; vigorous, dense grower; dark green.

Potentilla ruticosa bush cinqueoi l 2-3 Long bloom sea son; owers white, pink, gold or yellow.

Prunus virginiana chokecherr y 20-40 Nat ive tough sma ller tree; white owers in early spring.

Quercus macrocarpa bur oak 40-60 Easy to grow; drought tolerant; long-lived.

Syringa vulgaris lilac 8-15 Reliable, ragrant spring owers.

Viburnum spp. viburnum 4-18 Many excellent va rieties; white owers; colorul a ll berries.

Perennials & Vines

Achilleaspp. yarrow 18-3 Drought tolerant; attractive ern-like oliage and at topped bloom.

AstilbexarendsiiorA. chinensis astilbe 15-36 Long bloom season; spikes o white, pink, lavender or red; moist soil.

Clematisspp. clematis 5-15 Excellent blooming vine; many colors and bloom times; shade roots.

Dianthus barbatus sweet Wi lliam 8 Biennia l; white and pink ragrant owers; sel-seeds like perennia l.

Echinacea purpurea coneower 2-3 Great native perennial; preers well-drained soil and ull sun.

Hemerocallisspp. daylily 1-3 ough; long season o daily bloom; many ower colors.

Heuchera sanguinea cora l bells 12-24 Blooms ea rly to mid-summer on spikes o bright ly colored owers.

Hostaspp. hosta 4-4 Hundreds o varieties o this hardy shade plant.

Loniceraspp. honeysuckle 10-20 Colorul tubular owers rom June to Sept; attracts hummingbirds.Phlox subulata creeping phlox 4-8 Low growing spring bloomer; oliage makes good edging plant.

Phlox paniculata ga rden phlox 3-4 Dependable showy owers; w ide range o colors; midsummer to a ll.

Salvia nemorosa salvia 8-24 Flower spikes in early summer; rebloom i deadheaded.

In general, ornamental grasses

are tolerant o alkaline pH;

there are many to choose

rom including native grasses.

Herbs such as wormwood,

Artemisia absinthium; borage,Borago ocinalis; chamomile,Chamaemelum nobile; parsley,Petroselinum crispum; andthyme, Tymusspp., growwell in alkaline conditions.

Legumes such as beans and

peas, peppers, and spinach are

good vegetables to grow in

high pH soils.

Compiled by Esther Filson,

Washington County Mas-

ter Gardener. Alkaline soil is

common in Minnesota. Many

Master Gardeners, including

Esther, a Master Gardener or 25

years, have had plenty o experi-ence with alkaline soils. Tis list

includes some o the best plants

or soils with a pH o 7.0-8.0.

Emerald riumph viburnum isa U o M introduction that growsquickly to 6-0.


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Annuals 3 Feet or MoreBotanical Name Common Name Height Soil ype Exposure* Comments

Abutilon xhybridum owering maple 3-6 all PS Attractive owers; rost tender shrub; some varieties have variegated leaves.

Amaranthus caudatus love-lies-bleeding 2-4 all S Coloul oliage; trailing rope or chennille-like owers.

Antirrhinum majus snapdragon 2-4 all S Rocket, Bright Butteries and Supreme Double are tall; rost tolerant.

Borage ocinalis borage 2-4 rich, moist soil S Hairy oliage; nodding blue owers.

Cleome hasslerana cleome, spider ower 4-6 all, dry S, PS Large 6-7 rounded ower clusters; reseeds reely.

Cosmos bipinnatus cosmos 4-6 all, dry S, PS Lacy ne oliage; good cut ower.

Datura metel horn-o-plent y; angels trumpet 2-3 all, dry S, PS Large, trumpet owers; all plant parts are poisonous.

Consolidaspp. larkspur 1-4 moist S all spikes o owers oten need staking; good cut ower.

Helianthus annuus sunower 2-10 well-drained S Showy owers; birds love seeds; many cultivars.

Hibiscus acetosella red-lea hibiscus 4-6 all, dry S Rich burgundy-black maple-like oliage.

Lavatera trimestris annual mallow 2-6 all S Showy owers bloom all summer.

Nicotiana sylvestris owering tobacco 4-6 all, dry S, PS Large ragrant owers attract hummingbirds; showy coarse oliage; sel-seeds.

Pennisetum setaceum ountaingrass 3-4 all, dry S Pink uzzy ower spikes; Rubrum has dark purple owers and oliage.

Persicaria orientale kiss-me-over-the-garden-gate 6-9 all S Pendulous pink owers; sel-seeds.

Ricinis communis castor bean 3-8 moist S Huge leaves; all parts poisonous, especially seeds.

Salvia guaranitica blue sage; black & blue salvia 3-4 all S Attracts bees, butteries; Indigo Spires is a sterile hybrid.

Solenostemon scutellarioides coleus 1-4 moist S, PS Newer cultivars are sun tolerant; needs water and ertilizer.

Strobilanthes dyerianus Persian shield 3-4 all S, PS Heat tolerant; dramatic; oliage is iridescent green, purple and silver.

agetes erecta Arican marigold 2-3 all S all Arican mixed is one o the ta ller cultivars .

ithonia rotundiolia Mexican sunower 4-6 all, dry S, PS Daisy-like owers attract butteries.

Verbena bonariensis verbena 3-4 all, dry S, PS ender perennial that reely sel-seeds; buttery avorite.

Zinnia elegans zinnia 3-4 all, dry S Colorul; long-lasting; excellent cut ower; many cultivars.

New selections and cultivars o annuals today are oten shorter and smaller. Tis

list includes several old-ashioned plants that have been grown or many years. Also

listed are taller cultivars o new and old avorites. Tese taller annuals will make a

colorul addition to your garden and many can also be used or cut owers.

Compiled by Paula Parker, Wright County Master Gardener. Paula has been a Master

Gardener or our years, answering questions about annuals and other gardening issues

along with the Wright County Master Gardeners who work on community gardens, teach-

ing in schools, and at the county air. Indigo Spires is a tall salvia thatblooms all summer.

New cultivars o sunfowers have avariety o colors and orms, oten withbranched, multiple fowers.


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6

Annual Vines Tat Grow QuicklyBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Fast-Growing Annual Vines

Asarina scandens climbing snapdragon 6-9 One inch trumpet-like owers throughout summer; twining.

Humulus scandens Japanese hops 5-15 Green owers in summer; ast growing; t wining.

Ipomoea purpurea common morning glory to 10 Funnel shaped owers rom midsummer to a ll; Heavenly Blue recommended.Ipomoea quamoclit cypress vine 8-10 Fine lacy leaves; star-shaped tubular red, pink and white owers.

Ipomoeaxmultida cardinal climber 6 to 20 Ferny oliage; twining; trumpet-shaped owers.

Lathyrus odoratus annual sweet pea 2-6 Pea-type owers; honey-orange blossom scent; grows best in cool weather.

Phaseolus coccineus scarlet runner bean 10-15 Scarlet pea-type owers; purple pods; twining; edible beans.

ropaeolum majus climbing nasturtium 4-6 wining; ragrant, edible owers in red, brown, yellow and bicolor.

ropical/ender Perennial* Vines

Cardiospermum halicacabum love-in-a-pu, balloon vine 8-10 endrils; tiny white owers; balloon type seed pods.

Cobaea scandens cup and saucer vine, cathedral bel ls 10-20 2 reddish purple ower cups in green saucers; tendrils.

Eccremocarpus scaber Chilean glory vine 10-15 Orange, red, pink, or yellow clusters o owers rom summer to all.

Ipomoea alba moonower 10-20 Fragrant white owers rom midsummer to rost, heart-shaped leaves.

Ipomoea batatas sweet potato vine 6-10 Several cultivers; ricolor is pink, cream.

Lablab purpureus purple hyacinth bean 6-20 Purple ragrant, pea-type owers; purple beanlike pods.

Mina lobata Spanish ag, recracker vine 10-20 Red owers ading to yellow and cream.

Passifora incarnata passion ower 15-20 endrils; very exotic looking purple and white owers

Rhodochiton atrosanguineum purple bell vine to 10 endrils; tubular, deep purple owers; heart-shaped leaves.

Tunbergia alata black-eyed Susan vine 3-7 wining; orange, yellow, pink and white owers with black eye.

Tunbergia grandifora skyower 6-9 Weaving and twining with sky-blue owers.

ropaeolum peregrinum canary creeper 7-10 wining; bright yellow owers; ringed petals and a green spur.

*ender perennial vines are not hardy in Minnesota, however in milder climates they are perennials. All vines on this list grow as annuals in Minnesota.

Annual vines require support and can be planted along narrow spaces to

cover a wall, shade a patio, or screen a poor view. Many o these attract birds

and make a quick display in weeks. Like all annuals, in order to grow to their

maximize size, they need regular water and ertilizer throughout the summer.

Compiled by Esther Peters, Stevens County Master Gardener, who loves educatingothers about nature and plants.

l: Cardinal climber is a ne lacy vine that grows quickly in ull sun.r: Morning glory makes a quick cover at the Minnesota Landscape Arboretum.


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Boulevard Gardens: PerennialsBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Achilleaspp. yarrow 18-3 Full sun; drought tolerant; rapid grower; buttery plant.

Asclepiasspp. milkweed 18-6 Full sun; drought tolerant; buttery plant.

Asterspp. aster 12-5 Full sun; all blooms and color; many cultivars.Echinacea purpurea purple coneower 2-4 Full sun; drought tolerant; buttery plant.

Hemerocallisspp. daylily 1-3 Full sun; tough, long lived; buttery plant.

Hostaspp. hosta 4-4 Light shade to ull sun; many are ragrant; H.lancioliais salt tolerant.

Iris germanica bearded iris 4-4 Full sun; drought and salt tolerant; many are ragrant.

Liatrisspp. blazing star 2-5 Full sun; drought tolerant; buttery plant.

Lilium spp. Asiatic and oriental lily 18-5 Full sun; good cut owers; can increase in goodconditions.

Monarda didyma bee balm, bergamot 12- 4 Full sun to part shade; buttery plant .

Narcissusspp. daodil, jonquil 6-2 Welcomes spring; long lived; deer and squirrels donot eat.

Nepetaspp. catmint, catnip 6-30 Full sun; drought tolerant; large groundcover; very tough and vigorous.

Paeonia lactifora peony 2-3 Full sun; long lived; cut owers; cut back in late allto minimize botrytis blight.

Perovskia atripliciolia Russian sage 3-4 Full sun; drought tolerant; ragrant; sub-shrub; cutback in spring ater new growth has started.

Phalaris arundinacae

Feeseys Form

ribbon grass 30 Full sun; drought and salt tolerant; rhizomes are

conned by pavement; remove any all-green plantsthat develop.

Phlox paniculata garden phlox 3-4 Full sun; buttery plant; hundreds o cultivars; tough.

Rudbeckia ulgida gloriosa da isy 12-10 Fu ll sun; drought tolerant; Goldstrum is about 30;old ashioned Golden Glow is 5-6 and makes a tallscreen.

Sedum spp. stonecrop, sedum 6-2 Easy; ull sun; groundcover and upright orms; allcolor and winter interest; attracts many insects.

Stachys byzantina lambs ear 6-15 Full sun; drought tolerant; large, sot silver oliagelooks good with pastels and burgundy perennials.

Veronicaspp. speedwell 12-3 Full sun; drought tolerant; blue, white, or pink owers.

Yucca limentosa yucca 30 Full sun; drought and salt tolerant; owers up to 5tall.

Boulevards are tough sites known or dry, poor

soil and salt rom the winter. Tese plants have

been selected based on their ability to live and

ourish in these dicult urban sites.

Compiled by Rose Bush, Ramsey County Master

Gardener. Rose became a Master Grdener in 2001and has a 4-year-old boulevard garden that includes

most o these plants. A handul o these tried and

true, easy, versatile perennials were used in a Habitat

or Humanity landscaping project led by Master

Gardeners.

A boulevard garden can be in the ront yard, as

shown here on this St. Paul street.

Iris and salvia are tough perennials or a boule-vard garden.


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Broadlea Evergreens or USDA Zone 4Botanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi common bearberry 6-12 Prostrate nat ive shrub with smal l, thick persi stent leaves ; smal l red berr ie s; may be hard to nd atgarden centers.

Bergenia cordiolia pig squeak, bergenia 12-18 Bronze/red winter oliage; oten tattered and brown by spr ing; early spr ing pink owers.Buxus microphylla koreana Korean boxwood 2- 4 Hardy; good or low hedges and knot gardens; deep-green ne-textured oliage persists

throughout winter; preers well-drained soil; protect rom winter sun and wind; Green Velvet andWintergreen are good dwar cultivars.

Daphnexburkwoodii Carol Mackie daphne 2-3 Ocial ly rated as USDA Zone 5; beautiul specimen plant ; prov ide winter protection; otenshortlived but well worth it.

Euonymus ortunei vegeta biglea wintercreeper under 1 Can be grown as a groundcover, small shrub, or trained to a wall; owers insignicant; needsprotection rom winter sun; do not plant where it can escape into a native area.

Kalmia latiolia mounta in laurel 3-5 Margina lly ha rdy in zone 4; at tractive, leathery dark green leaves a re maroon when emerging romthe snow in spring; needs moist acidic site; Sarah has large pinkish-red owers.

Microbiota decussata Russian cyprus 1 x 6 Low rad iating a rborvitae-like evergreen shrub; an-like oliage changes rom light green in spring to deep green in summer and bronze-brown in winter.

Pachysandra terminalis Japanese spurge 6-12 Attractive whorls o evergreen oliage; good or under maple and other trees; Green Carpet andVariegata are common varieties; needs winter cover rom sun and wind.

Rhododendron P.J.M. PJM rhododendron 3-5 Preer ac idic soi l; tolerates light shade; lavender pink owers in early spring ; hardy to -35F.

Yucca lamentosa yucca 30 Bold ocal point; leaves are pointed and very sharp; drought and salt tolerant; owers up to 5 tall.

Vinca minor myrtle, periwink le 6-12 Attractive thick oliage; show y blue owers in spring; creeping stolons.

Broadlea evergreens are a welcome but rare sight in USDA

Zone 4. Green oliage in the dead o winter, even curled andtransormed by cold, still provides interest in the garden. Tese

plants are the best bets or surviving the zones climate, but all

preer protection rom drying winds and bright winter sun;

thereore protected areas on the north and eastern side o a

building are good locations.

Compiled by Deb Reierson, Hennepin County Master Gardener.

Deb enjoys volunteering in the Master Gardener program by an-

swering calls on the Yard and Garden Line and working on homelandscape projects with Habitat or Humanity. She grows several o

these evergreen plants in her garden.

Selected cultivars o boxwood make good evergreensor Zone in protected areas.

Rhododendron leaves react to cold climates by droop-ing and curling inward to minimize water loss.


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0

Clay SoilBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments, Hardiness Zone

Perennials

Aquelegia canadensis columbine 1-3 Native; sel seeds; attracts hummingbirds; Z2*.

Aster novae-angliae New England aster 1-5 Native; nectar source or butteries ; blooms late; Z4.

Baptisia australis blue alse indigo 3-5 Shrub-like when mature; attractive seed pods; Z3.

Belamcanda chinensis blackberry lily 2-4 Reseeds; dried seedheads great in a ll arrangements; Z5.

CalamagrostisxacutiforaKarl Foerster

eather reedgrass 3-4 Ornamental grass adds all-season interest; Z4.

Echinacea purpurea purple coneower 2-4 Native; long bloom season; nectar source or butteries ; Z3.

Eryngium yucciolium ratt lesnake master 3 -4 Nat ive; unusua l, spiky white gol ba ll owers; Z4.

Geranium maculatum wild cranesbill 1-2 Native; blooms May/June, orange/red all oil age; Z3.

Heliopsis helianthoides oxeye 3-5 Native; long-lasting blooms; reseeds; good in arrangements;Z4.

Hemerocallisspp. daylily 1-3 Stabilizes slopes; gorgeous in mass plantings; edible petals;Z3.

Liatrisspp. blazing star, gayeather 2-5 Native; sti spikes o eathery owers; attracts butteries; Z3.

Linum perenne perennial a x 1-2 Sel-seeds; shear back a ter owering to promote regrowth;Z5.

Monarda stulosa bergamot, bee balm 2-4 Native; spreads; attracts bees, butteries, hummingbirds; Z4.

Parthenium integriolium wild quinine 4-5 Native; white owers with long bloom period; Z4.

Perovskia atripliciolia Russian sage 3-4 Low maintenance shrub; drought tolerant; ragrant; Z4.

Ratibida pinnata gray headed coneower 3-5 Native; reseeds; attracts butteries; drought tolerant; Z4.

Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan 3-4 Native; reseeds ; a ttracts butteries ; winter intere st ; Z4.Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem 2-4 Native; great all color; adds texture to winter garden; Z4.

Sedum spp. stonecrop 1-3 Many varieties available; drought tolerant; good all color;Z3.

Silphium peroliatum cupplant 5-7 Native; provides ood, water, and cover or birds; Z4.

Zizia aurea golden a lexander 1-3 Native; yel low spr ing owers; larva l ood or butterie s; Z4.

Shrubs

Aronia melanocarpa black chokeberr y 5-8 Nat ive shrub; white owers in spring; berries in a ll; Z3.

Cornus sericea red osier dogwood 5-12 Native; spreads; drought tolerant; deep red stem/twigs; Z3.

Diervilla lonicera dwar bush honeysuckle 2-3 Native; spreads; good bank cover; low maintenance; allcolor; Z3.

Syringa vulgaris lilac 8-15 Spring is here when the ragrant lilac blooms; Z2.

*reers to hardiness zone; southern Minnesota is Zone , central and northern Minnesota are Zone ; ar north and Canada are Zone

Clay soils are common throughout

Minnesota. Master Gardeners are

oten asked what plants will grow

best in these heavy soils.

Compiled by Roberta Smith, Carver/

Scott County Master Gardener.

Roberta says, Ater reviewing many

publications on gardening in clay soil,

this is a list that I have come up with. I

have successully used all o these plants

in my Carver County clay soil or a

number o years.

Carver Co. Master Gardener Roberta

Smiths ront yard garden shows manyperennials that grow well in clay soil.

Purple conefower and perovskia(background) are tough perennials orclay soil.


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Cold olerant AnnualsBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Cold olerant Seeds: Sow directly in the ga rden in early spring, seedlings also cold tolerant

Calendula ocinalis pot marigold 12-24 Daisy-like owers are cream to orange; very coldtolerant.

Centaurea cyanus bachelors button 1-3 Blue, pink, white owers; drought tolerant; sel-seeds.Consolidaspp. larkspur 1-4 Blue, pink and white owers; looks like delphinium.

Eschscholzia caliornia Caliornia poppy 6-8 Gold and yellow rs; blooms all summer.

Helianthus annuus sunower 2-10 Giant owers; blooms all summer.

Lathyrus odoratus sweet pea 2-6 Climbing vine or trailing groundcover; dwar andbush orms; may sel-seed.

Lavatera trimestris rose mallow/tree mallow 2- 6 Bushy plants with cup-shaped pink owers resembling hollyhocks; summer to all.

Lobularia maritima sweet alyssum 4-12 Quintessential edging plant; several colors; bloomsrom spring to heavy rost.

Moluccella laevis bells o Ireland 2-3 Green bell-like calyxes surround tiny ragrant whiteowers; blooms all summer.

Myosotis sylvatica orget-me-not 6-10 Dainty blue, white, or pink owers.

Reseda odorata mignonette 6-18 Very ragrant small white owers are great or cutting rom summer to mid-all.

Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan 8-36 Daisy owers bloom in yellows, oranges, reds, browns;mid-summer to early all.

Cold olerant Seedlings: May be planted in garden beore rost-ree date

Antirrhinum majus snapdragon 6-4 all, short, dwar, and trailing orms; range o colors.

Brassica oleracea ornamenta l ka le/cabbage 8-24 White, lavender, and green oliage; tolerates 20F.Centaurea cineraria dusty miller 8-14 Grown or its silvery oliage; also looks beautiul in

the winter when rozen.

Cordylinespp. dracaena/spike 1-2 Indispensable or container gardens; spiky oliage isalso eective in beds.

Dianthus chinensis pinks 12-18 White, pink, red, and bi-color owers bloom atopgrassy oliage; summer to early all.

Matthiola incana stock 12-30 Spicy ragrant, grey oliage; many ower colors.

Nierembergia hippomanica cupower 6-8 Bushy mounds covered with tiny white or pale blueowers; summer to early all.

Osteospermum spp. cape daisy 12-18 Bright daisy owers w. dark centers; best in coolweather.

Phlox drummondii phlox 6-18 Many colors; excellent cut ower; may overwinter.

Violaspp. pansy/violet/viola/Johnny jump-up 3-12 Very hardy; can be planted in all with a mulch andmay survive the winter.

Cold tolerance here is dened

as seeds that can be planted in

the garden and will grow in cold

soil and survive early spring rost,

and/or young bedding plants that

can survive rost in the spring and

early autumn. Minnesota growing

conditions call or cool tempera-

tures at almost any time o the

year. Tese annuals will tolerate

cool temperatures and even grow

well ater a l ight rost. Most are

hardy to the mid-20s F.

Compiled by Sue Schiess, Henne-

pin County Master Gardener. Sue

answers questions on the Yard andGarden Line at the Arboretum and

at Ask a Master Gardener booths at

local garden centers.

Showy pansies fower in early springand, when mulched, can even be

planted the previous all .

Sweet peas are cold tolerant, actuallypreerring cool conditions, ragrant, agood cut fower and can sel-sow.


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Compacted Sites: reesBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Abies balsamea balsam r 40-60 Flat, ragrant needles, upright cones.

Acer rubrum red maple 50-70 Round crown, transplants readily, Northwood and Red Sunset have nice all oliage.

Acer saccharinum silver maple 45-75 Oval crown with pendulous branches, transplants well, ast growth

Betula nigra river birch 40-70 Peeling cinnamon-brown bark, oten multi-stemmed

Celtis occidentalis hackberry 40-60 Vase-like habit, easily transplanted, very adaptable. Slow to establish.

Fraxinus nigra black ash 40-70 Large black buds, Fallgold recommended or all color.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash 40-60 Fast growth, deep shade, broad rounded orm, seedless varieties.

Larix laricina larch, tamarack 40-70 Native, deciduous conier, yellow all color, ew pests

Malushybrids crabapple 15-25 Excellent variety in ower, ruit and oliage, and habit.

Picea mariana black spruce 30-70 Spire-like conical habit with aky brown cones.

Populus deltoides eastern cottonwood 80-100 Open, i rregu lar mature habit , ast growth, seedless Siouxland recommended.

Quercus bicolor bicolor oak 60-70 Resistant to oak wilt, yellow all color, preers acidic soil.Salix amygdaloides peachlea willow 30-40 Long, ragrant leaves.

Salix nigra black willow 30-60 Small- to medium-sized tree with orange twigs.

Tuja occidentalis northern white cedar, arborvitae 40-50 Scale-like leaves, broad pyramidal orm; echny recommended

Compacted sites are common in urban and sub-

urban areas where construction equipment is used

to build homes and alter the landscape. rees on

this list will tolerate compacted soils, but remember

no trees respond well to a major grade change or

construction damage.

Compiled by Kim Sullivan, Anoka County Master Gar-

dener. Anoka County is north o the metropolitan win

Cities o Minneapolis and St. Paul and has numerous

new communities where compacted soil is an issue with

growing plants.

Larch are native to Minnesota and are one o the ewdeciduous conier trees. Shown here in November withlingering all color, larch are well suited or wet orcompacted soils.

Northwood red maple has bright orange all colorand grows to 0 eet. It is a U o M introductiondeveloped by the Minnesota Agricultural ExperimentStation, released in 0.


13/40

Crevice PlantsBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Achillea tomentosa wolly yarrow 6-14 Yellow blossoms all summer.

Adonis vernalis pheasant eye, spring adonis 6-15 Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil; clump orming with bright yellow owers.

Ajuga reptans bugleweed 6-12 Moist soi l, pa rt shade to pa rt sun; creeping evergreen with da rk blue owers; short-lived.

Alchemilla alpina mountain ladys mantle 6-8 Full sun or partial shade, deeply cut leaves with silvery margins.

Antennaria dioica pussy toes 2-10 Full sun, poor dry soil, basal silver leaves, roseahas rose-red 8-10 owers.

Aquilegia jonesii columbine 4 Full sun or part shade; blue-gray leaves with blue-violet owers.

Arabis caucasica wall rock cress 6-12 Full sun, needs dry or well-dra ined sites; white May owers; good c ascade

Arenaria balearica sandwort 4-8 Full sun to part shade, moist soil; deer resistant; drought tolerant.

Artemesia pedemontana artemesia 3-8 Evergreen, ern-like leaves; yellow owers in June; perect or vertical crevice.

Aurinia saxatilis basket o gold 4-8 Full sun; well-dra ined soi l; bright yellow owers.

Callirhoe involucrata poppy mallow, wine cups 6-12 Native; ull sun or light shade; needs well-drained sites; magenta owers.

Campanula porscharskyana bellower, campanula 6-12 Moist, well-drained soil; ull sun to part shade; vigorous; lavender-blue owers.

Cerastium tomentosum snow in summer 2-3 Full sun; silver-grey oliage; white owers.

Dianthusspp. dianthus 2-4 Full sun/aternoon shade; well-drained soil; tiny, ragrant pink owers.

Gypsophila repens creeping babys breath 6-8 Full sun; well-drained soil; mat orming; semi-evergreen.

Iberis sempervirens candytut 6-18 Full sun to part shade; tolerates poor soil; spreading; white owers.

Lysimachia nummularia Aurea moneywort 4-5 Sun or partial shade; yellow leaves on this cultiva r; green orm is more vigorous.

Nepetaspp. catmint 6-24 Sun or partial shade; grey-green oliage; blue owers; can be aggressive.

Phlox subulata creeping phlox 4-8 Full sun to part shade; well-drained soil.

Sedum acre sedum 2-3 Full sun; well-drained soil; spring golden owers; ller or stepping stones.

Sedum kamtschaticum sedum 4-9 Full sun; well-drained soil; summer yellow-orange owers in at clusters.Sedum spurium dragons blood 3- 4 Purple oliage; dark red summer owers; ull sun; well-drained soil.

Sempervivum spp. hen and chicks 3-12 Full sun; tolerates poor soil conditions; low growing; succulent; perennial.

Tymus serpyllum thyme 1-3 Full sun; mat orming; well-drained soil; Coccinea has summer red owers.

All o these plants are useul or stepping stones, or wall and rock garden areas. Cindy and

Shirleys method or planting seeds in walls: 1) Fold an index card in hal lengthwise and

sprinkle seeds into card. 2) Position card in crack to be planted, then blow the seeds into a

ne, rich soil mix in crevice. 3) Mist with a spray bottle o water, apply a piece o acial tissue

to the dampened crevice to act as biodegradable mulch, and mist regularly until established.

Compiled by Cindy Welke and Shirley Oberton, Winona County Master Gardeners. Cindy and

Shirley both have limestone walls in their gardens along the Mississippi River blus in southeastern

Minnesota.

Catnip (oreground atop wall) is avigorous perennial that has sel-seeded into crevices.

Campanula, lavender, sedum,scilla, and yucca easily grow inthis sunny wall.


14/40

Deer Resistant PlantsBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Annuals & Perennia ls

Achilleaspp. yarrow 18-3 Drought tolerant; preers ull sun.

Ageratum houstonianum ageratum 6-24 Beautiul blue, pink or white owers; easy to grow.

Allium spp. ornamental onion 1-4 Many orms and species; tough and may sel-seed.

Aquilegia canadensis columbine 1-3 Short-lived, but sel-seeds; showy owers.

Begonia semperforens&hybrids

wax begonia 8-2 Dependable owers; shade and drought tolerant.

Echinacea purpurea coneower 2-3 Native; attracts birds and butterfies; well-drained soil.

Heliotropium arborescens heliot rope 18-24 Cherry-pie ragrance; tough, long la sting owers.

Lobularia maritima sweet a lyssum 4-12 Edging and conta iner plant; sel-seeds.

Narcissusspp. daodil 6-24 Poisonous to squirrels and deer; can be planted under trees.

Paeonia lactifora peony 2-3 Long lasting perennial; may need staking; preers ull sun.

Papaverspp. poppy 1-3 Showy owers; can sel-seed; many species and cultivars.

Pelargonium xhortorum geranium 12-18 Cemetery plant; tough and drought resistant.

Perovskia atripliciolia Russian sage 3-4 Drought tolerant; preers ull sun.

Salvia arinacea blue salvia 24-30 Attracts butteries and hummingbirds.

Senecio cineraria dusty miller 6 -15 Si lver-grey or white oliage; drought and cold tolerant.

Stachys byzantina lambs ear 6-15 Si lver oliage good or edg ing and ront o border; drought tolerant .

agetesspp. marigold 6-3 Long-lasting yellow, gold and bicolor owers; easy to grow rom seed.

rees, Shrubs, & Vines

Barberis thunbergii Japanese barberr y 2-5 Torny; many cultiva rs; red berries and red all color; may be invasive.

Celastrus scandens bittersweet to 60 Woody native vine with atttractive berries.

Cornus sericea red osier dogwood 6-12 Attractive red stems; cultivars vary in height and orm.

ForsythiaNorthern Sun orsythia 8-10 Fast growing, ver y hardy ower buds, tolerates a wide variet y o soils.

Juniperus chinensis Chinese juniper 2-6 Many cultivars and orms; good or ul l sun and well-drained soil.

Pinus mugo mugo pine 12-20 olerant o alka line, compacted or salt y soils.

Pinus sylvestris Scots pine 25-50 Evergreen with attractive bark.

Rhododendron spp. rhododendron &azalea

3-6 Evergreen and deciduous species; showy owers; Northern Lightsseries are the hardiest.

Syringa vulgarus lilac 8-15 Showy ragrant owers in spring; tolerant o many sites.

Viburnum lentago nannyberry 12-18 Native shrub; ruits turn rom red to blue; shade tolerant .

Deer damage to ornamental

plants is very rustrating.

You can minimize the dam-

age they can do by avoiding

plants they preer and instead

use these plants that deer

avoid due to toxicity, ra-grance or texture.

Compiled by Gilda Baneld,

Olmsted County Master Gar-

dener. Gilda has been gardening

with deer or 30 years and has

learned that the plants listed here

are usually avoided by deer. She

likes to remember that the deer

were here rst.

Peonies are long lived, cold toler-ant perennials that deer rarely eat.

Northern Sun is a UM coldhardy introduction o orsythia, ashrub rarely eaten by deer.


15/40

Dry Soil: Annual Foliage PlantsBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Amaranthus caudatus love-lies-bleeding 2-4 Color ul oliage, trailing rope or chenille-like owers;A. tricolorhas brighly colored oliage.

Dichondra argenteaSilver FallsEmerald Falls

dicondra 1-4 railing with small round grey leaves; tolerates part sun.

Duranta erectaGolden Edge variegated pigeonberry 24 Crisp variegated green and cream oliage; tolerates part sun and dry sites.Euphorbia marginataKilimanjaro snow in summer, variegatedannual spurge

2-4 Green leaves, edged with cream; native to poor soil, do not ertilize, needs good drainage, sel-seeds.

Felicia amelloidesVariegata variegated or blue Marguerite 12-18 Small blue daisy-like owers, variegated oliage, bushy shape.

Lantana camaraSamantha variegated lantana Samantha 12-18 Clusters o golden yellow owers, chartreuse and yellow oliage; extremely drought tolerant.

Pelargonium Crystal Palace GemBlazonry Golden Ears

ancy-leaved geraniums 12-18 Showy, colored leaves; preer lean, dry soils, and can tolerate part-shade; grow rom cuttings.

Pennisetum setaceum Rubrum purple ountaingrass 2-4 Excellent in containers; purple oliage and seed heads; good or xeriscaping; sets no seed; dieswith rost .

Senecio Silver Dust dusty miller 8-10 Lacy silver colored mounding cultivar with a spread o 12 or more; preers ull sun.

Setcresia purpureaor radescantiapallida

purple heart 8-12 A rugged plant that has no serious pest or disease issues; ull sun.

ropaeolum majus variegataAlaska Jewel o Arica

variegated nasturtium 12 Grown cascading in containers, up a trell is, or as a groundcover; preers dry, less ertile sites.

Foliage plants are invaluable or obtaining an attractive colorul look or plantings

whether in containers or in ground. In a container, oliage can reinorce a color

theme or blend the disparate elements o various bloomers. In the ground, annual

oliage can carry a summer display through the quiet times between perennial

owering periods. Tese recommendations can be used in the tough situationsthat would be a challenge or the more typical plant list. Plants listed may be

perennial in other zones, but are used as annuals in our northern gardens.

A word about establishment: Initial care must be taken to establish the plant-

ings or the rst two weeks, whether rom seed or bedding plants. Tey require

only light watering however; DO NO overwater or plants will be oppy and

disease-prone. Unless indicated these preer ull sun and average soil conditions o

ertility, drainage, and pH.

Compiled by erry Engels and Mary Zeug, Stearns County Master Gardeners, who have

answered hundreds o public questions on oliage plants, and have years o experience see-

ing plants in their own gardens and at Munsinger Clemens Gardens in St. Cloud, MN.

Purple ountaingrass loves heat and ull sun.It has no cold tolerance and dies with the rst

rost.

Lantana tolerates hot dry sites such asthis container planting at the Minne-sota Landscape Arboretum.


16/40

6

Dry Soil: Shade or Under reesBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Ajuga reptans ajuga, bugleweed 6-12 Groundcover with purple owers; various lea colors; can be short-lived.

Alchemilla mollis ladys mantle 1 Pret ty light green leaves; yellow/green owers; good cut ower.

Anthyrium angustum lady ern 2 Graceul green ronds; wonderul with hosta, coral bells, or bergenia.Aquilegia canadensis columbine 1-3 Short-lived but sel-seeds; yellow/red owers on nat ive orm; n ice

bluegreen oliage.

Aruncus dioicus goatsbea rd 4-6 Foliage simi la r to ast ilbe; white ower adds light and coolness to theshade garden.

Asarum canadense wild ginger 12 Matte round leaves wil l hide tiny owers; great groundcover.

Bergenia cordiolia bergenia 12-18 Tick glossy leaves simi la r to cabbage; pink owers in spring; red/burgundy all color.

Brunnera macrophylla Siberian bugloss 1-2 Light blue to pa le purple owers bloom in spring.

Catharanthus rosea periwinkle, vinca 6 -12 Showy owers and leathery leaves.

Chiondoxa luciliae glory-o-the-snow 6 Small early owers with open petals and yel low centers; easy to grow.

Clematis virginiana v irg ins bower 5-10 iny white owers mid- to l ate summer ; great nat ive v ine.

Convallaria majalis l ily-o-the-val ley 12 Spreading groundcover; ragrant white bel l owers in early summer.

Dicentra eximia ringed bleeding heart 12-18 Bluegreen oliage; white or pink owers; owers most o summer.

Digitalis purpurea oxglove 2-4 Allow sel-seeding or a perennial bed; poisonous.

Epimedium spp. barrenwort 1 Beautiul heart shaped leaves; tiny orchid-like owers in spring.

Galanthus nivalis snowdrops 4-8 Small, nodding, white bell-shaped owers oten bloom while snow ison the ground.

Galium ordoratum sweet woodru 4-12 Pret ty groundcover with white ragrant owers.Geranium spp. geranium, cranesbill 12-18 Many ower colors and lea shapes; Geranium maculatum is native.

Lamium spp. dead nettle 8-12 White or pink owers; leaves are streaked with white/silver; goodgroundcover.

Leucojum aestivum summer snowake 1-2 Nodding white owers similar to Galanthus, but much larger andlater blooming.

Narcissusspp. daodil 6-24 Wide variety o colors and bloom time; wildlie will not eat daodils.

Polygonatum biforum giant Solomons seal 1-3 Arching branches; small white owers in spring; blue berries insummer.

Puschkinia scilloides striped squi ll 2-6 Pa le owers with a wonderul ragrance, i you can get that close to

the ground.

Scilla sibirica Siberian squill 6 Blue owers that natura li ze wonderully, especia lly in wooded area s.

Vinca minor periwinkle, myrtle 6-12 Blue owers in spring; evergreen; may need winter protection;groundcover.

Dry shade locations are some o the

most dicult sites to grow plants.

Under trees, competition is keen or

water, light and nutrients. Tis l ist

represents tough plants that can sur-vive under trees or in dry low light

conditions. All are winter hardy in

Zones 3 and 4, with the exception

oEpimedium, which is not hardy inZone 3. Spring owering bulbs are

oten overlooked or the dry shade

garden; they work well in deciduous

shade areas.

Compiled by Teresa Rooney, Henne-

pin County Master Gardener. Teresa

gardens under a 100-year-old elm tree

and very sandy soil (with 2 large dogs).

Plan a path to enjoy wild geranium,hosta, wild ginger, and sweet woodru.

Daodils are a good choice under trees;they like dry summer conditions.


17/40

Te Anoka Sand Plain is a wide area

o light, sandy soil in central Min-

nesota that is a challenge or growing

plants. Tis list identies trees thatcan grow in dry or sandy conditions.

Tese are trees that, ater establish-

ment, can be grown with minimal

water or supplemental irrigation.

Compiled by K im Sullivan, Anoka

County Master Gardener. Anoka

County Master Gardeners are experi-

enced gardening in dry conditions.

Dry Soil: reesBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Abies balsamea, Abies concolor balsam r; concolor r 40-60 Popular as Christmas tree or shape and scent; adelgid can be a pest problem.

Acer rubrum red maple 50-70 Round crown; transplants readily; Northwood and Red Sunset recommended.

Betula nigra river birch 40-70 Peeling cinnamon-brown bark; oten multi-stemmed; can become chlorotic (yellow).

Celtis occidentalis hackberry 40-60 Vase-like habit; easily transplanted; very nice; slow to establish.Crataegus crusgalli cockspur hawthorne 20-30 Var. inermisrecommended; eective in groups; wide-spreading low-branches.

Fraxinus nigra black ash 40-70 Large black buds; Fallgold recommended or all color.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica green ash 40-60 Fast growth; deep shade; broad rounded orm; seedless varieties.

Gleditsia triacanthos inermis honeylocust 30-60 Delicate silhouette; readily transplanted; Skyline recommended.

Malushybrids crabapple 15-25 Excellent variety in ower, ruit, oliage, and habit.

Picea glauca white spruce 40-60 Dense pyramidal to conical; transplants easily.

Picea mariana black spruce 30-70 Spire-like conical habit with aky brown scales.

Populus deltoides eastern cottonwood 80-100 Open, irregular mature habit; ast growth; seedless Siouxland recommended.

Quercus bicolor bicolor oak 60-70 Resistant to oak wilt; yellow all color; requires acidic soil.

Quercus macrocarpa bur oak 40-60 Long-lived; pest resistant native tree.

Syringa reticulata Japanese tree li lac 15-25 Excellent specimen tree; good in groups; Ivory Silk recommended.

ilia americana American linden 60-80 Fragrant owers mid-June; transplants read ily; large si lver-grey lea.

l: Honeylocust provides lightlacy shade and tolerates dry soil

conditions. Select improved ormswith no thorns and seedpods;this tree also has nice yellow allcolor.

r: River birch hasattractive bark year-round; it is muchmore tolerant odry soils than white

paper birch.


18/40

Fragrant Annuals and PerennialsBotanical Name Common Name Height Flower Color Exposure* Comments

Annuals

Brugmansiaspp. angels trumpet 3-6 yellow, gold, cream S Good container ragrance plant;poisonous.

Centaurea moschatavar.suaveolens

sweet sultan 18-24 yellow S Unusual chocolate ragrance.

Cosmos atrosanguineus chocolate cosmos 2-3 deep maroon S Faint chocolate scent.

Daturaspp. horn-o-plenty 2-6 yellow, lavender, white S, PS Fragrant at night.

Dianthus caryophyllus annual carnation 18-24 white, yellow, pink S Can Can Scarlet was AAS 2003.

Heliotropium spp. heliotrope 18-24 purple, lavender, white S Strong vanilla ragrance.

Lobularia maritima sweet alyssum 4-12 pink, mauve, white S, PS Spicy ragrance; drought tolerant.

Matthiola incana common/garden stocks 12-30 white, pink, rose, red S Spicy ragrance; early blooming.

Nicotiana sylvestris, N. alata owering tobacco 4-6 white S, PS Fragrant at night.

Pelargonium spp. scented geranium 1-3 pink, white S Grown or the very ragrantoliage.

Petuniaspp. petunia 12 purple, white, pink S, PS Older purple and white varietiesare most ragrant.

agetes tenuiolia signet marigold 6-12 yellow, orange, red S Nice citrusy scent.

Perennials

Actaea racemosa (Cimiciuga) black snakeroot 4-6 white, pink PS, Sh Very pest-resistant shade plant.

Dianthus gratianopolitanus cheddar pinks 1-2 pink, rose S Firewitch was 2005 Perennial o the Year.

Dictamnus albus gas plant 3-4 pink, white S, PS Can cause severe dermatitis.

Filipendula rubra queen-o-the-prairie 3-6 pink, white S, PS olerant o boggy conditions.

HemerocallisHyperion Hyperion daylily 36-40 lemon yellow S, PS One o ew ragrant daylilies,sweet.

Monardaspp. bee balm 18-48 red, purple, white S, PS A avorite o hummingbirds.

Nepetaspp. catmint 6-30 purple, lavender S, PS Long blooming perennial.

Paeonia lactifora garden peony 2-3 pink, red, white S Useul in deer-resistant plantings.

Perovskia atripliciolia Russian sage 3-4 Lavender S Very ragrant oliage.

Phlox paniculata garden phlox 3-4 lavender, pink, red S, PS Fragrance varies by cultivar.

Saponaria ocinalis bouncing bet 9-12 pink, white S, PS Can become invasive.Sporobolus heterolepis prairie dropseed 2-3 pink S Flowers smell like coriander.

Valeriana ocinalis garden valerian 2-3 white S, PS One plant perumes a yard.

* S = Full Sun, PS = Part Shade, Sh = Shade

An added plus o these

owers is their distinctive

and memorable ragrance.

Use these owers in garden

beds or containers near your

door or outdoor patio where

you can enjoy their lovely

scent.

Compiled by erry Yockey,

Goodhue County Master Gar-

dener. erry has designated a

large area in her garden just

or ragrant shrubs and ow-

ers. In 1996, erry created one

o the rst gardening websites

or cold climates:

www.northerngardening.com.

Floweringtobacco, ashowy an-nual witha sweet

ragrance,dwarsProusion

Orangezinnia.Both preer

ull sun.

Garden phlox is a dependableperennial with a lovely scent.


19/40

Fragrant ShrubsBotanical Name Common Name Flower Color Height Exposure** Comments

Buddleia alterniolia* buttery bush lavender, purple 8-15 S, PS Reliably hardy to Zone 5; annual in Zone 4.

Calycanthus foridus carolina allspice brown 6-10 S, PS Fragrance o pineapple, strawberry/banana.

Caryopteris clandonensis* bluebeard blue 2-4 S Reliably hardy to Zone 5. Foliage and owers are ragrant.

Comptonia peregrina sweet ern N/A 2- 4 S, PS Tis small shrub has very ragrant oliage.Clethra alniolia summersweet,

sweet pepperbushwhite, pink, rose 2-6 S, PS, Sh Does well in a shady situation.

Daphnexburkwoodii daphne pink 3-5 PS Carol Mackie is most widely grown.

Hamamelis virginiana witch hazel yellow with red 10-20 S, PS Hardy native plant owering in a ll.

Magnolia kobusvar.stellata

star magnolia white 10-12 S, PS One o the hardiest magnolias.

Magnoliahybrid Merrill white 15-20 S, PS A good alternative to crabapple.

Magnoliahybrid Leonard Messel pink 15 S, PS Lovely owers.

Philadelphus coronarius mock orange white 6-12 S Minnesota Snowake has ragrant, double owers.Rhododendron spp. azalea pink, rose, white 5-8 S, PS Northern Lights are hardy azaleas that are ragrant.

Rhus aromatica ragrant sumac yellow 2-6 S, PS, Sh Crushed leaves are very aromatic.

Ribes odoratum clove currant yellow 3-8 S, PS Clove-scented owers; host to white pine blister rust.

Rosaspp. shrub roses white, pink, rose,lavender, yellow

2-12 S Jens Munk, Cuthbert Grant, Terese Bugnet, and Frau DagmarHastrup are very ragrant.

Syringaspp. lilac purple, white, lavender,pink

4-15 S Dependable ragrance.

Viburnum carlesii* Korean spice white, pink 4-6 S, PS Reliably hardy to Zone 5.

Viburnum xjuddii Judd viburnum white, pink 6-8 S, PS Very ragrant, white semi-snowbal l blossoms.

* Not ully hardy in Zones or and should be grown as annuals. ** S = Full Sun, PS = Part Shade, Sh = Shade

Plant one o these ragrant shrubs near an outdoor patio, ront

walk, or entry door where the aroma will be welcomed and

enjoyed.

Compiled by erry Yockey, Goodhue County Master Gardener.

Goodhue County Master Gardeners have created a pocket park out

o a parking lot in downtown Red Wing, MN. Tis high-visibility

public park allows the public to enjoy ragrant and beautiul owers.

Star Magnolia welcomes spring with its ragrantfowers.

Northern Lights azaleas, U o M introductions orZone , have a spicy ragrance that is delightul .


20/40

0

Indoor Low LightBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Aglaonemaspp. Chinese evergreen 1-2 Several species and many cultivars with green/silver variegated lea patterns.

Aspidistra elatior cast iron plant 1-2 ough in every way; also variegated.Beaucarnea recurvata ponytail palm 1-6 Will grow in all light conditions, but grows very

slowly.

Chamaedorea elegansBella

parlor palm 1-2 Can grow to 5 or 6; best low light palm; prone tospider mites.

Dracaena deremensisJanet Craig

Janet Craigdracaena

2-6 Similar to cornstalk, but solid green oliage;Warneckii is also popular.

Dracaena ragransMassengeana

cornstalk plant 2-6 or more Intolerant o cold; yellow stripe on oliage.

Epipremnum aureum pothos 1- 4 or more Vining plant that can trail or grow up supports.

Philodendron scandensoxycardium

heart-leaedphilodendron

1-3 or more Vining plant that can trail or grow up supports.

Philodendron selloum selloumphilodendron

1-4 Also called lacy tree philodendron.

Sansevieriaspp. snake plant 6-4 Succulent, leathery leaves.

Spathyphyllum spp. peace lily 1-3 Also called spathe ower; blooms best in eastlight.

Syngonium spp. arrowhead vine 1-3 Grows best on support, or cut back oten toprevent rank growth.

Zamioculcas zamiaolia zz plant 1-3 Succulent leaves; rots easily when overwatered;preers east-acing window.

Lowlight is not the same as no light. You shouldbe able to read a book by the natural light or see a

shadow i your hand passes over the area. Arti-

cial light is ok i your desire is or plant mainte-

nance, not growth.

Compiled by Jean Back, Douglas County MasterGardener. Jean has been a MG since 2005, and along

with other Master Gardeners, teaches and works at a

variety o Douglas County community projects, in-

cluding Lets Get Growing, Community Ed Classes,

and errace Learning Garden.

Peace lilytolerates low

light but likesmoist soil, itwilts quicklywhen water isneeded.

Chinese evergreens can grow indoors with no directlight, as shown on this inside wall at the Minne-sota Landscape Arboretum.


21/40

Knot GardensBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Allium senescensGlaucum ornamental onion 4-12 Grey-green twisted oliage; pink owers Aug-Sept; tolerates partial shade.

Armeria maritima sea thrit 6-12 Short; pink owers April-May; requires well-drained soil.

Berberis thunbergiiCrimson Pygmy crimson pygmy barberr y 2 At tract ive purple-red oliage, turns greener in shade; tough.

BuxusGreen Velvet Green Velvet boxwood 2-4 Broadlea evergreen; protect rom winter sun and drying winds.BuxusWintergreen Korean boxwood 2-4 Hardy; ne-textured oliage; may turn bronze or brown in winter.

Euonymus alatusCompactus dwar burning bush 4-10 Bri lliant red al l ol iage; can be trimmed to a hedge; easy to grow.

Hyssop ocinalis hyssop 1-2 Perennial in Zone 4; aromatic oliage; small blue owers.

Lavandula angustiolia lavender 8-2 Winter kills in Zone 4; Hidcote may be hardier; grey, scented oliage.

NepetaWalkers Low catnip 10-24 Grey-green, ragrant oliage; small blue owers; sprawling orm.

Pinus mugo dwar mugo pine 1-4 Mugo, eeny, Mops, or Valley Cushion grow very slowly.

Rosmarinus ocinalis rosemary 2-4 Annual in Zone 4; dark green, ragrant oliage.

Santolina chamaecyparissus lavender cotton 1-2 Annual in Zone 4; attractive grey-white oliage.

axus cuspidataNana Japanese yew 3-6 Slow-growing evergreen; hedge plant; requires well-drained soil.

axusxmediaHicksii Hicks yew 2-8 Evergreen hedging plant; requires well-drained soil.

eucrium chamaedrys germander 6-12 Small attractive ol iage; grow as an annual in Zone 4.

Knot Gardens require high maintenance, but are a beautiul sight in many English and European gardens. Regular pruning into small compact orms can be stress-

ul or many plants, so dwar, naturally small plants work best. Select dierent oliage colors or an eective knot year-round. Annual herbs and rapidly growing

leay vegetables, such as lettuce and chard can make showy annual knot gardens.

Compiled by Mary Laine, Ramsey County Master Gardener, who developed this list on Zone 4 knot gardens beore her trip to England to tour them.

Boxwood, Crimson Pigmybarberry, and ornamental onion

have contrasting oliage thatmakes a colorul knot garden.

Lavender is the grey oliagein this Minnesota Landscape

Arboretum knot garden , whichrequires winter protection in

Zone . Purple barberry andgreen boxwood are also pictured.


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Lakeshore Native PlantsBotanical Name Common Name Height Site* Exposure** Flower Color Season o Interest

Agastache oeniculum blue giant hyssop 2-4 um/ud S, PS lavender-blue July-August

Allium stellatum prairie wild onion 1-2 um/ud S, PS pink July-August

Andropogon gerardii big bluestem 2-5 um/ud S, PS purple August-November

Anemone canadensis Canada anemone 1-2 w/um S, PS white May-July Aquilegia canadensis columbine 1-3 um/ud S, PS, Sh red/yellow May-July

Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparil la 1-2 um/ud PS, Sh greenish-white May-June

Asclepias incarnata marsh milkweed 3-4 w/um S pink June-August

Campanula rotundiolia harebell 0.5-1.5 um/ud S, PS blue June-September

Cornus sericea red-osier dogwood 6-12 w/um/ud S, PS, Sh white May-June; red twigs in winter

Epilobium angustiolium reweed 2-6 w/um S, PS magenta June-August

Eupatorium maculatum Joe-Pye weed 3-6 w/um S, PS pink July-September

Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry 6-12 um/ud S, PS white April-June

Galium boreale northern bedstraw 1-2.5 um/ud S, PS white June-July Heuchera richardsonii alumroot 1-3 um/ud S, PS, Sh green June

Iris versicolor blue ag iris 2-3 w/um S, PS blue-violet June-July

Monarda stulosa wild bergamot 2-4 um/ud S, PS lilac July-August

Prunus virginiana chokecherry 30 um/ud S, PS, Sh white May; red all color

Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan 3-4 um/ud S, PS golden July-August

Rudbeckia laciniata greenheaded coneower 4-9 w/um S, PS yellow July-August

Sanguinaria canadensis bloodroot 8-10 um PS, Sh white April-May

Smilacina racemosa alse Solomons seal 1-3 um PS, Sh cream May-June

Solidago rigida sti goldenrod 1-5 um/ud S, PS yellow August-October

Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass 2-6 w/um S, PS copper/yellow August-November

Spartina pectinata prairie cordgrass 3-6 w/um/ud S gold all color September-November

Stachys palustris hedge nettle 1-3 w/um S, PS purple June-August

Talictrum dasycarpum tall meadow rue 3-6 w S, PS cream June

Uvularia grandifora large-owered bellwort 1-1.5 um Sh yellow May

Uvularia sessiliolia wild oats 0.5-1 um/ud Sh pale yellow May

Verbena hastata blue vervain 2-5 w/um S blue July-September

Veronicastrum virginicum Culvers root 3-5 w/um S, PS white July-AugustViola canadensis Canada violet 0.5-1 um PS, Sh white May-June

Zizia aurea golden Alexander 1-3 w/um S, PS yellow May-June

* w = wet; um =upland moist (neither wet nor dry); ud = upland dry ** S = Full Sun, PS = Part Shade, Sh = Shade


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For More Inormationon Lakeshore Native Plants

Lakeshore planting and restoration is an important environmental issue inMinnesota and across the US. Tere are several print reerences available rom

University o Minnesota Extension at www.extension.umn.edu, including:

Native Plants or Sustainable Landscapes: Establishment and Manage-

ment o Lakeshores and Gardens (07447)

Shoreland Design (Sustainable Urban Landscape Inormation Series)

Shoreland Plant Identication and Selection (Sustainable Urban Land-

scape Inormation Series)

TeMinnesota Shoreland Management Resource Guide, workshops, demonstra-tion sites, local programs and Protecting Our Waters, Shoreland Best Manage-ment Practicesare eatured at the Shoreland Education site:wrc.umn.edu/outreach/shore/.

Plants on this list will re-establish native plant buers where the native shoreland vegetation has been altered. Suitable or any zone in

Minnesota, these were selected based on their ability to establish readily rom seed, spread rom rhizomes, tolerate seasonal ooding,

ruit in all, sel-sow, stabilize bank and soil, attract bees/butteries/ hummingbirds/moths, as well as provide beautiul oliage and color

throughout the seasons. Most importantly, this natural buer will help to maintain the quality o the lake.

Compiled by Diane Plath, Beltrami County Master Gardener, who has a lakeshore home and whose passion is lakescaping or lakeshore restoration. Her shoreline is natural, yet she

continues to enhance the area with these plants. She encourages all lakeshore owners to do the same in order to protect the water quality, to stabilize shorelines, and to increase wildliehabitat. As Diane says, I we dont take care o our lakes, who will?

Master Gardeners tour a lakeshore restoration planting in central Minnesota. Patience isrequired in establishment o native plants, since the rst ew years are needed to establish astrong root system.

l to r: Tis lakeshore eatures oxeye,reweed, and Joe-Pye weed. Eu-

patorium (Joe-Pye weed) is a tall,tough native or wet sites.Te edge o a pond planted withblue vervain and Joe-Pye weed.Red osier dogwood Cardinal andIsanti are U o M introductionsthat tolerate wet sites.


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Long-Blooming PerennialsBotanical Name Common Name Height Soil Expo-

sure*Bloomime

Comments

Achillea lipendula yarrow 18-36 light, sandy, dry S, PS June-Oct Attracts butteries; cut; dried.

AnthemisSusanna Mitchell anthemis 20-24 well-drained S June-Sep Cut back lightly ater rst bloom.

CoreopsisMoonbeam Zagreb threadlea coreopsis 18-20 well-drained S June-Oct Deer resistant; attracts butteries.

Corydalis luteaOranges & Lemons umewort 10-16 well-drained PS May-Sep Deer resistant; drought tolerant.

DianthusFirewitch Baths Pink cheddar pinks 4-8 well-drained S, PS Apr-Sep Deadhead.

Dicentra eximiaKing o Hearts ringed bleeding heart 9-18 rich, moist, well-drained Sh Apr-Sep Attracts bees, hummingbirds, butteries.

Echinacea purpurea purple coneower 2-4 normal, sandy, clay S, PS Jul-Oct Razzmatazz is a double owered orm.

Gaillardiaspp. blanket ower 18 preers poor soil S June-Sep Heat & drought tolerant.

Geranium sanguineum cranesbill 12-18 normal, loamy S, PS May-Sep Jolly Bee, Rozanne are good; tough.

Helenium autumnale Helens ower 4-5 well-drained, light S, PS Jul-Sep olerates dry soils

Heliopsis helianthoidesSummer Sun alse sunower; oxeye 3-5 dry-med wet well-drained S June-Oct Attracts butteries; drought tolerant.

Helleborus niger Chri stmas rose 10-12 well-dra ined, humus rich PS,Sh Mar-May Deer resist ant; slow to grow in MN.HemerocallisHappy Returns Stella de Oro daylily 2-3 slightly acidic, moist S, PS June-Sep Fragrant

Leucanthemum Becky shasta daisy 40 well-drained S June-Sep Attracts butteries; good cut ower.

Liatris spicata gayeather 2-4 well-drained S June-Oct Attracts butteries.

Linum perenne blue ax 18-24 light, sandy S June-Sep Sel-seeds reely.

Macleaya cordata plume poppy 6-8 well-drained, moist S, PS Jul-Sep Coarse oliage.

NepetaWalkers Low Six Hills Giant catmint 2-3 sandy to clay loam S May-Sep Attracts bees, hummingbirds, & butteries.

Perovskia atripliciolia Russian sage 3-4 well-drained S Jul-Oct olerates dry soil.

Phlox paniculata phlox 3-4 moist, organic, well-drained S, PS Jul-Sep Powdery mildew resistant.

Platycodon grandiforus balloon ower 2-3 normal, loamy S Jun-Aug Deadhead; good cut ower.

RudbeckiaGoldsturm gloriosa daisy 18-30 well-drained, moist S Jul-Oct Attracts butteries & birds.

Salvia nemorosaMay Night salvia 18 moist, well-drained S June-Oct Attracts butteries, bees, & hummingbirds.

Sedum Autumn Joy stonecrop 1-2 well-drained S, PS Aug-Nov One o many good cultivars; easy.

Veronica spicataSunny Border Blue Goodness Grows

speedwell 1-2 well-drained S, PS June-Sep Good cut ower; deer resistant.

* S = ull sun; PS = partial sun or light shade; Sh = shade

Long-blooming perennials are prized plants and can serve as the backbone o your

garden. Tis list includes plants that are low maintenance and will bloom 8 weeks orlonger. Specic cultivars listed are examples o many good selections.

Compiled by Verna Jackson, Hubbard County Master Gardener. Verna has been gardening or

seven years in the Bemidji, Minnesota area, in hardiness Zone 3 and has grown many o these

plants in her own garden.

Rudbeckia,phlox, zebra

grass, andperovskiaprovide severalweeks o showy

fowers.

Plumepoppy and

sedumare tough,

long-blooming

perennials.


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Rain Garden Plants

Botanical Name Common Name Height Moisture* Exposure** Native Habitat Fl Color Bloom ime

Aquatic Plants: grown in less tha n 12 o water, soil is always saturated

Carex comosa bottlebrush sedge 24-42 s,w,um S marsh, peatland, lake edge green May-June

Carex crinita ringed sedge 30-42 s,w,um S marsh, swamp, lake edge green May-June

Carex lacustris lake sedge 24-36 s,w,um S marsh, swamp, lake edge green May-June

Carex stricta tussock sedge 24-36 s,w,um S swamp, marsh, peatland green May-June

Eleocharis palustris spike rush 6-24 s,w,um S wetland, wet prairie brown August

Iris versicolor blue ag iris 24-36 s,w S, PS marsh, peatland, lake edge blue June-July

Juncus eusus sot rush 24-48 s,w,um S swamp, marsh, lake edge brown July-Aug

Sagittaria latiolia common arrowhead 24-42 s,w S, PS lake edge, marsh white July-Aug

Scirpus acutus hardstem bulrush 36-108 s,w S lake edge, marsh green June-July

Scirpus validus sotstem bulrush 36-108 s,w S marsh, swamp, lake edge brown July-Aug

Non-Aquatic Plants:Wildfowers or Forbs

Agastache oeniculum ragrant hyssop 24-40 um,ud PS prairie, savanna blue June-Oct

Allium stellatum prairie wild onion 12-24 um,ud S, PS prairie, savanna pink July-Aug Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting 6-18 um,ud S, PS prairie, savanna, woodland white July-Sept

Anemone canadensis Canada anemone 12-24 w,um PS, Sh prairie, marsh, swamp white May-July

Arisaema triphyllum jack-in-the-pulpit 8-24 w,um PS, Sh woodland, orest green April-June

Asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed 36-48 w,um S prairie, marsh, lake edge lavender June-Aug

Asclepias tuberosa buttery ower 12-24 ud S, PS prairie, savanna orange June-Sept

Aster novae-angliae New England aster 24-48 w,um S, PS prairie, marsh, swamp blue Aug-Oct

Boltonia asteroides boltonia 48-96 w,um S, PS prairie, marsh, swamp white Aug-Sept

Dalea purpurea purple prairie clover 12-24 ud S dry prairie, savanna purple June-July

Echinacea angustiolia purple coneower 24-36 um,ud S, PS prairie, savanna purple July-Aug Eupatorium maculatum Joe-Pye weed 24-48 w,um S, PS wet prairie, marsh, swamp purple July-Sept

Gentiana andrewsii bottle gentian 18-30 w,um S, PS prairie, marsh, lake edge blue Aug-Oct

Geum triforum prairie smoke 6-12 um,ud S dry prairie, woodland purple April-June

Rain gardens are gardens that are planted where rainwater is purposly channeled into the site. Depending on the slope and amount o rain that can move into the

garden, there may be standing water at all times or only ater a signicant rainall. Tis list includes plants or the lowest part o the rain garden in shallow water or

wet soils, to the upland or dry portion o the rain garden.

Compiled by Sally Hausken, Becker Co. Master Gardener, and Gregg Tompson, Metro Soil & Water District. Sally answers questions at Plant Clinics in Becker County and has

been a community leader in opening Sucker Creek Preserve in Detroit Lakes, MN. Master Gardeners oten work with local watershed districts to plan and plant gardens where

rainwater runo is an issue.


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6


Helianthus maximiliani Maximilian sunower 24-108 w,um S swamp, prairie, lake edge yellow Aug-Oct

Liatris pychnostachya prairie blazing star 24-36 w,um S prairie, marsh, lake edge purple July-Sept

Lobelia cardinalis cardinal ower 24-48 w,um S, PS prairie, marsh, lake edge red July-Oct

Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia 20-30 w,um S prairie, marsh, lake edge blue July-Oct

Monarda stulosa wild bergamot 24-48 um,ud S, PS prairie, savanna, woodland lavender July-Aug

Rudbeckia hirta black-eyed Susan 3-4 um,ud S, PS prairie, savanna yellow June-Oct

Rudbeckia laciniata wild goldenglow 36-108 w,um S, PS prairie, swamp, lake edge yellow July-Aug

Talictrum dasycarpum tall meadow rue 36-72 w S, PS prairie, swamp, lake edge cream June

Uvularia grandifora large-owered bellwort 12 um PS deciduous orest yellow May

Verbena hastata blue vervain 24-60 w,um S, PS prairie, marsh, swamp blue June-Sept

Zizia aurea golden Alexander 12-36 w,um S, PS prairie, savanna, woodland yellow May-July

Graminoides (grasses and grass-like plants)Acorus calumus sweet ag 36 s,w S, PS marsh, peatland, lake edge yellow July-Aug

Andropogon gerardii big bluestem 36-72 um,ud S, PS prairie, savanna, woodland purple July-Sept

Bouteloua curtipendula side oats grama 1-2 um,ud S prairie, savanna, woodland red July-Sept

Bouteloua gracilis blue grama 6-18 um,ud S prairie, savanna purple July-Sept

Bromus kalmii Kalms brome 24-36 w,um,ud PS, Sh prairie, savanna, woodland green June-July

Calamagrostis canadensis bluejoint grass 36-72 w,um S, PS, Sh prairie, marsh, swamp green July-Sept

Carex bebbii Bebbs sedge 24-36 w,um S marsh, swamp, lake edge green May-June

Carex comosa bottlebrush sedge 24-42 s,w,um S marsh, peatland, lake edge green May-June

Carex lacustris lake sedge 24-36 s,w,um S marsh, swamp, lake edge green May-JuneCarex pensylvanica Pennsylvania sedge 6-8 um,ud S, Sh dry to mesic orest brown May

Carex scoparia pointed broom sedge 6-30 w S marsh, wetland, lake edge tan May-June

Rain Garden Plants

Runo rom the parking lotsat the Minnesota Landscape

Arboretum is channeled intothese rain garden plantingbeds and supports a widevariety o plants.

Tis newly installed raingarden is a joint eort o

Carpenter Nature Center,Washington Co. MasterGardeners, WashingtonConservation District,

Dakota Co. Board oCommissioners, andvolunteers who did theplanting. Te gardenis adjacent to the new

visitor center at CarpenterNature Center.

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Graminoides (grasses and grass-like plants), continued

Carex sprengelii Sprengels sedge 12-24 um,ud S woodland, orest green June-July

Carex stricta tussock sedge 24-36 s,w,um S swamp, marsh, peatland green May-June

Carex vulpinoidea ox sedge 12-36 w,um S swamp, marsh, lake edge green May-June

Eleocharis palustris spike rush 6-24 s,w,um S wetland, wet prairie brown Aug Elymus hystrix bottlebrush grass 24-48 w,um,ud PS, Sh orest, woodland, lake edge green June-July

Glyceria canadensis rattlesnake manna grass 24-36 w S marsh, peatland, lake edge green July-Aug

Glyceria grandis tall manna grass 36-60 w S swamp, peatland, lake edge green July-Aug

Hierochloe odorata sweet grass 12-24 w,um S lake edge, marsh, prairie green May-June

Juncus eusus sot rush 24-48 s,w,um S swamp, marsh, lake edge brown July-Aug

Juncus tenuis path rush 6-12 w,um S, PS, Sh swamp, marsh, lake edge brown July-Aug

Koeleria macrantha June grass 12-24 um,ud S prairie, savanna, woodland green June-July

Panicum virgatum switchgrass 36-72 w,um,ud S prairie, swamp, lake edge purple June-Oct

Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem 24-48 um,ud S prairie, savanna, woodland amber July-Sept

Scirpus atrovirens green bulrush 36-48 w S marsh, swamp, lake edge brown June-July

Scirpus cyperinus wool grass 36-48 s,w,um S marsh, swamp, lake edge brown June-July

Scirpus validus sotstem bulrush 36-96 s S lake edge, marsh brown June-Aug

Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass 24-72 w,um S, PS prairie, savanna, woodland amber July-Sept

Spartina pectinata cord grass 36-72 w,um S prairie, marsh, lake edge yellow Aug-Oct

Shrubs and Small rees

Amelanchier laevis serviceberry 15-25 um,ud PS orests, elds, clearcuts white April-May

Aronia melanocarpablack chokeberry 3-6 w,um,ud S, PS lake edge, orest, swamp white May-June

Cornus alterniolia pagoda dogwood 15-25 um,ud PS orest, swamp white May-July

Cornus racemosa gray dogwood 5-15 um,ud PS, Sh orest, elds, lake edge white May-July

Cornus sericea (stoloniera) red-osier dogwood 6-12 w,um,ud S, PS, Sh orest, wetland, lake edge white May-July

Corylus americana American hazel 8-15 um,ud S orest, wetland, lake edge purple March-April

Diervilla lonicera bush honeysuckle 2-4 um,ud PS, Sh woodland, orest, clearcuts yellow June-July

Prunus virginiana chokecherry 20-30 um,ud S, PS orest, woodland white May

Sambucus pubens red berried elderberry 4-8 um,ud PS, S,Sh dry to moist orest white May

Symphoricarpos albus snowberry 4-6 ud S orest, woodland whitish May-July

Viburnum atropurpurea downy arrowwood 6 ud S, PS woodland, orest, clearcuts white May-JuneViburnum lentago nannyberry 12-18 um,ud PS orest, swamp, lake edge white May-June

Viburnum trilobum highbush cranberry 5-15 w,um S, PS orest, swamp, lake edge white June

* Moisture Zone Key:ud = upland-dry (dry, well-drained soils); um = upland-mesic (soil is moist, but not wet); w = soil is wet, occassionally standing water; s = shallow water most o the time

** Exposure Key:S = ull sun, PS = partial sun, Sh = shade

Rain Garden Plants

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River Banks and Canoe Public Access AreasBotanical Name Common Name Height Season o Interest Comments

Andropogon gerardii big bluestem 2-6 Aug-Sept Warm season grass; sod orming, very aggressive.

Aquilegia canadensis wild columbine 1-3 June-July Red-yellow owers; sel-seeds readily.

Aster cordiolius hear t-leaved or blue wood aster 1-2 Aug-Sept Pale blue ragrant owers; hear t- shaped leaves; wet/shade tolerant .

Aster ericoides heath aster 1-3 Aug-Sept Showy white owers; spreads by rhizomes; aggressive.Aster novae-angliae New England aster 1-5 Sept-Oct Purple owers; sel-seeds; wet/shade tolerant.

Bouteloua curtipendula sideoats grama 1-2 July-Sept Bunch grass; sel-seeds readily; good or erosion control.

Chelone glabra white turt lehead 2-3 Aug White ower heads re semble turtle heads.

Cornus sericea red osier dogwood 6-12 year round Bright red twigs; preers wet/moist soil; tolerates most soils.

Eupatorium maculatum Joe-Pye weed 3-5 July-Aug Pink owers; aggressive and can compete with weedy species.

Eupatorium peroliatum boneset 3-5 July-Aug Competes with weedy species; wet/shade tolerant.

Geranium maculatum wild geranium 1 May-June Spreads by rhizomes; g rows well under trees.

Iris cristata dwar crested iris 6 May Lavender or white owers; short-lived; rhizomatous.

Liatris punctata dotted blazing star 1-2 Sept-Oct Purple owers; preers dry sites.

Lobelia cardinalis cardinal ower 2-4 Aug-Sept Brilliant red owers attract hummingbirds; short-lived.

Lobelia siphilitica great blue lobelia 1-3 Aug-Sept Dark blue owers; sensitive to competition; wet/shade tolerant.

Mimulus moschatus monkey ower 8-24 July Yellow owers; spreads; wet/shade tolerant.

Phlox divaricata woodland phlox 1 May-June Pale blue owers; does best in moist shade.

Rudbeckia laciniata greenheaded coneower 5-8 Aug-Sept Very robust; moist, brushy areas.

Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem 2-4 Aug-Sept Orange all oliage; erosion control on slopes; sel-seeds; tough.

Vernonia asciculate ironweed 2-5 July-Aug Red-purple owers; coarse texture; aggressive; wet/shade tolerant, taller in wet sites.

Viola canadensis Canada violet 6-12 June-Aug White ragrant owers; wet/shade tolerant.

Tese plants were selected rom a list o 55 species recently planted at Canoe Park on the Snake River in

Mora, Minnesota. Tis list represents the Kanabec County Master Gardeners top priority plants or this site

based on their durability, adaptability, and beauty. Te planting site is a public park and canoe access point

characterized by poor soil, high shade rom deciduous trees, and seasonal ooding. In addition to the native

plantings along the upper one-ourth o the river bank slope and the upland park area, the renovation also

included placement o rip-rap along the river bank to prevent urther erosion and undercutting o the bank.

Te renovation o Canoe Park was a cooperative project o the Snake River Watershed Management Board,

the City o Mora, Kanabec County Soil and Water Conservation District, and Kanabec County Master

Gardeners.

Compiled by Diana Rank in and Kanabec County Master Gardeners.Kanabec Master Gardeners restoration project alongthe Snake River.

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Sel-Seeding PerennialsBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments, Hardiness Zone

Aquilegiaspp.* columbine 1-4 Moist, well-drained soils; light shade; attractshummingbirds; Zone 3-10.

Acanthus mollis bears-breech 2-4 Well-drained soil; sun to light shade; Zone 4-10.

Aconitum napellus monkshood 2-8 Moist, light woodland; showy tall ower spikes; Zone3-8.

Allium schoenoprasum chives 12-24 Sun, light shade; tolerates most soils; Zone 3-8.

Allium tuberosum garlic chives 18-24 Sun; well-drained soil; tough and easy to grow; Zone4-8.

Asclepias incarnata* swamp milkweed 3-4 Wet and moist soil preerred; show y owers; attractiveseed pods; Zone 3-8.

Asclepias tuberosa* buttery weed 1-2 Wel l-drained sandy soi l; drought re si stant ; sun;common wildower; Zone 4-10

Baptisia australis* blue alse indigo 3-5 Most any soil; sun or light shade; long taproots;

dislikes transplanting; Zone 3-10Brunnera macrophylla Siberian orget-me-not 12-24 Sun or medium shade; dependable; Zone 3-8.

Callirhoe involucrata purple poppy mallow 6-12 Likes crevices, rocks, dry banks, well-drained soil;sun; Zone 4-10.

Campanulaspp. bellower 2-4 Sun or partial shade; some are invasive; Zone 4-10.

Centaurea montana perennial bachelors button 18-30 Sun; good drainage; silver-grey oliage; large owers;Zone 3-8.

Chasmanthium latiolium* northern sea oats 2-5 Sun or light shade; attractive owers; Zone 4-9.

Dianthus barbatus sweet William 6-2 Sun or light shade; biennial that re-seeds to be like a

perennial; Zone 3-7.Echinacea purpurea* purple coneower 2-4 Sun or light shade; non-soggy soi l; d rought resi st ant;

attracts birds, butteries; Zone 3-10.

Heliopsis helianthoides* oxeye 3-5 Sun or light shade; all soils; easy and tough; attractsaphids; Zone 2-8.

Liatrisspp.* gayeather, blazing star 2-5 Sun; good drainage; buttery avorite; Zone 3-9.

Scilla siberica Siberian squill 6 Sun or light shade; blue carpet in spring; Zone 3-7.

Silphium peroliatum* cupplant 4-8 Sun; tolerates most soils; Zone 2-7.

Verbena bonariensis verbena 2-4 Sun; well-drained soil; sel-seeds to be like a perennialin MN; can be a nuisance; Zone 6-9.

Violaspp.* violet 3-8 Sun or light shade; easy; long owering; Zone 3-8.

*Native to MN or U.S.

Sel-seeding can be a desirable way to

increase garden perennials, or it can be a

nuisance and a means o spreading invasive

plants. Many seedlings revert to less desir-

able orms. Pay attention to avoid exotic

plants sel-seeding into native areas.

Compiled by Norrie MacIlraith, Olmsted

County Master Gardener. Norrie has been a

Master Gardener or 23 years. Olmsted County

Master Gardeners work on community projectsincluding Community Ed, Olmsted County

History Center, buckthorn removal, historic

garden restoration, and school programs.

Northern sea oats or river oats are native to moistshady sites in the U.S. and will usually sel-sow.

Sweet William is a ragrant old-ashioned bien-nial that produces abundant seed, let undisturbedit can grow like a perennial.

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0

Septic Mound PlantsBotanical Name Common Name Height Comments

Asclepias tuberosa buttery weed 2-3 Native; showy orange owers; buttery avorite; preers well-drained soil.

Bouteloua curtipendula sideoats grama 1-2 ough grass or well-drained sites; native to central US.

Bouteloua grama blue grama 6-18 ough grass or well-drained sites; native to central US.

Echinacea purpurea purple coneower 2-4 Popular wildowers with medicinal properties; large showy owers in late summer.Festucaspp. escue 3-2 Wiry; tough grass; Elijah Blue is silvery blue.

Geum triforium prairie smoke 6-12 Showy pink owers; attractive oliage.

Heliopsis helianthoides oxeye, al se sunower 3-5 Br ight yel low owers in summer; easy to grow; attracts aphids.

Hemerocallisspp. daylily 1-3 Plant severa l va rieties or continuous bloom; require min ima l ca re; tough plant.

Liatrisspp. blazing star, gayeather 2-5 Buttery avorite; may need rabbit protection.

Monarda stulosa bergamot, bee balm 2-4 Lovely pink to lavender owers; subject to powdery mildew; mint amily; can make tea rom the leaves.

Penstemon spp. penstemon, beardtongue 2-3 Native wildowers; a avorites o bees and hummingbirds.

Schizachyrium scoparium little bluestem 2-4 Clump orming grass; bronze and orange all color.

Sedum spp. sedum 6-2 ough plant or dry sites; many orms and species.

Sporobolus heterolepis prairie dropseed 2-3 Native grass ound on upland sites or sandy soils; cloud-like ragrant owers; yellow-orange all color.

Septic mounds are dicult sites requiring minimal

disturbance to keep the draineld intact. Frequent

working o the soil is not a good idea. Plants listed

above have low maintenance and reduced water

requirements. Teir brous root system helps to holdthe soil and prevent erosion o the mound. All are

winter hardy in Zones 3 and 4.

Compiled by im Wedekind, Dakota County Master

Gardener. im researched septic mound plantings or his

weekly gardening columns or the Hastings Star Gazette.

He recently retired rom that Master Gardener volun-

teer role ater writing 412 (8 years) o gardening columns.Dry garden plants are perect or a septic mound;dwar blue escue is shown here with sedum on

either side and yucca in the background.

Prairie dropseed, let unmowed, orms attractivemounds between a mowed walkway.

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Shade: ShrubsBotanical Name Common Name

Heig

86977719 Best Plants for 30 Tough Sites

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