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ByCommunication Guru

M. S. Shekhawat

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2/11 ,] Lonsæh chek uxj ·ækg flusek d`s lkeus‚] vkxjk–282 002√ksu : 2530966, 2531101, 3208693/94; √SDl # (0562) 4031570E-mail : publisher@upkar.inWebsite : www.upkar.in

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Code No. 1423

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(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)

www.upkar.in

ISBN : 978-81-7482-919-1

My FatherLate Thakur Shri Saledi SinghLate Thakur Shri Saledi SinghLate Thakur Shri Saledi SinghLate Thakur Shri Saledi SinghLate Thakur Shri Saledi Singh

who made me what I am today.

There are always some ventures which are inspired by motives higher than money. Way

back, 1977, a restless enterprising young man Mr. Paras Saklecha “Dada”, then a fresh graduate,

in Ratlam (M.P.), decided to do something for the young graduates

from the Hindi heartland in order to enable them to get public sector

jobs. Long ago he founded a ‘not for profit’ organization, YUWAM

with a mission of “Moulding the Youth–Building the Nation” and since

its inception it has been imparting classroom coaching and guidance

to thousands of youths for banking services recruitment. Run by high

octane and totally selfless people, today, it has become a study circle

par excellence. We take great pride in seeing the panoramic view of

transformation of a little seed into a grand Banyan tree where thousands

of youths take guidance and head towards their destinations.

Mr. M.S. Shekhawat, the author of this book has been associated with Mr. Saklecha and

Yuwam from day one and has devoted himself body and soul to the mission. Mr. Shekhawat

has about thirty years of rich teaching experience and today he has such a formidable command

and innovative way of teaching the English language that he has truly very few peers in this

context. He has had the honour of being a guest member of Banking Services Recruitment

Board, Jaipur and the guest faculty for Pre Recruitment Training Programmes organized by

various nationalized banks.

Mr. Shekhawat has written about fifteen books on English so far. His book on English

Grammar has won great critical acclaim for both its preciseness and

simplicity. He has left no stone unturned in ensuring that the most

esoteric rules of the English Grammar are simplified enough to help

even the most ordinary student, whether from English medium or

Hindi medium, grasp them easily. Besides, his book “English Fluency

Development Course” can veritably be called his crowning glory and

India’s first Fluency Development Course of its kind for Hindi

speaking people. The material therein and sentence generating

structures are so effective that if one sincerely studies it, he will incur

the envy of everyone with his stupendous knowledge and fluency.

He has also written a couple of books on English Vocabulary and usage which give a number

of examples at each single entry, thereby a committed student can gain an unbeatable erudition

in English. Moreover thousands of sentences, phrases and sentence patterns leave even the

experts highly impressed and leave no area of English untouched.

Besides having written a huge body of work on the English language, Mr. Shekhawat, in

his spare time just as a hobby, teaches the aspirants to various competitive exams through

Yuwam Centres. He conducts classes and workshops on English Fluency Development

Techniques, Communication and Pronunciation skills, Personality Development and Soft Skills,

etc. Very soon, he intends to conduct such workshops throughout the country. There is much

more in the pipeline. Come and experience the magic of a man’s life long devotion.

May God bless his efforts.

—Publisher

About the AuthorAbout the AuthorAbout the Author

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● Refresh Your Grammar………………………………………………………... 13–23

Part–1 : Present Actions………………………………………………...… 24–175

Part–2 : Past Actions……………………………………………………… 176–247

Part–3 : Future Actions…………………………………………………… 248–282

Part–4 : Expressing Possession……………………………………………283–323

Part–5 : Use of Verb ‘to be’……………………………………………..…324–406

Part–6 : Continuous Actions……………………………………………… 407–469

Part–7 : Completed Actions (Perfect Tenses).……………………………..470–505

Part–8 : Conditional Perfect……………………………………………….506–532

Part–9 : Infinitive Verbs, Causative Verbs, Conditional Sentences, etc.…..533–565

Part–10 : Passive Structures………………………………………………...566–616

Part–11 : All About Clauses……………………………………………...…617–655

(Adjective Clause, Adverb Clause, Noun Clause)

Part–12 : Framing Questions, Spoken Phrases, Comment Clauses,

Word Junctions, etc.………………………………………………656–688

ߢªÁ‹‡Ê »§‹Í•ã‚Ë Á«Ufl‹Ú¬◊Úã≈UU ∑§Ê‚¸ {1}

ߢªÁ‹‡Ê »§‹Í•ã‚Ë Á«Ufl‹Ú¬◊Úã≈ ∑§Ê‚¸U(English Fluency Development Course)

ߢªÁ‹‡Ê »§‹Í•ã‚Ë Á«Ufl‹Ú¬◊Úã≈UU ∑§Ê‚¸ {3}

•¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ∑Ò§‚ ‚Ëπ¥?Ã¡Ë ‚ ’Œ‹Ã „ÈU∞ ¬Á⁄Ufl‡Ê ◊¢ •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê „U◊Ê⁄U ŒÒÁŸ∑§ flÊÃʸ‹Ê¬ ∑§Ê •Á÷ÛÊ •¢ª ’Ÿ øÈ∑§Ë „UÒ– •¢ª¡Ë ◊¥ ¬˝÷Êfl‡ÊÊ‹Ë Ã⁄UË∑§ ‚ ’ÊÃøËà ∑§⁄UŸ

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‹ÊªÊ¥ ∑§Ë ß‚ ‹Ê‹‚Ê ∑§Ê Œπà „ÈU∞ •Ê¡ ‚÷Ë ‡Ê„U⁄UÊ¢-∑§S’Ê¥ ∑§ ª‹Ë-◊Ê„UÑÊ¥ ◊¥ •Ÿ∑§ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ‚¢SÕÊŸ πÈ‹ ªÿ „Ò¥U– ’Ê¡Ê⁄U ◊¢ •Ÿ∑§ ¬ÈSÃ∑¢§©U¬‹éœ „UÊ ªß¸ „Ò¥U ¡Ê ◊ÊòÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÉÊ¢≈UÊ¥ ÿÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÁŒŸÊ¥ ◊¢ •Ê¬∑§Ê œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ Á‚πÊŸ ∑§Ê ŒÊflÊ ∑§⁄Uà „ÒU¢– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ŒÊSÃÊ! •Ê¬∑§Ê ÿ„U Ãâÿ÷‹Ë÷Ê¢Áà ‚◊¤Ê ‹ŸÊ øÊÁ„U∞ Á∑§ •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ¬⁄U ¬Íáʸ •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸ „UÃÈ ∑§Ê߸ ‹ÉÊÈ ⁄UËÁà (Short cut) Ÿ„Ë¥ „ÒU– •Ê¬ Sflÿ¢ „UË ©UÁøà ¬hÁà ‚¬Á⁄UüÊ◊ ∑§⁄U ß‚ ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „ÒU¢–

•Êßÿ, •’ „U◊ ß‚ ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ ∑ȧ¿U ‚„UË Ã⁄UË∑§Ê¥ ∑§Ê •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U, ‚ÊÕ „UË ∑ȧ¿U ∞‚Ë ª‹Ã»§„UÁ◊ÿÊ¥ ∑§Ê ŒÍ⁄U ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U, ¡Ê ß‚÷Ê·Ê ∑§ ‚ËπŸ ◊¥ ‚’‚ ’«∏UË ’ÊœÊÿ¢ „ÒU¢–

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ÄÿÊ •∑§‹Ê Ä‹Ê‚M§◊ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ◊ʪ¸Œ‡Ê¸Ÿ ¬ÿʸ# „ÒU •¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ?•¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ ∑§ ßë¿ÈU∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê ‹Êª Ä‹Ê‚M§◊ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ∑§ Áfl∑§À¬ ∑§Ê „UË •¬ŸÊà „Ò¥U– ß‚∑§Ê ¬˝◊Èπ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ∑§ˇÊÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ¬˝øÊ⁄U

ÃÕÊ ŒÍ‚⁄UÊ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU ∑ȧ¿U •ãÿ ª‹Ã»§„UÁ◊ÿÊ°– ß‚◊¢ ∑§Ê߸ ‡Ê¢∑§ÊU Ÿ„UË¥ Á∑§ Ä‹Ê‚M§◊ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ¬˝Ê⁄UÁê÷∑§ ÃÊÒ⁄U ¬⁄U ÃÊ •Ê¬∑§Ê •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ë ∑ȧ¿U¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Œ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U ‹Á∑§Ÿ ©UÁøà •äÿÿŸ ‚Ê◊ª˝Ë ∑§ •÷Êfl ◊¥ ÁfllÊÕ˸ ∑§fl‹ ∑ȧ¿U ¬Á⁄UÁSÕÁÃÿÊ¥ ◊¥ ’Ê‹ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹ ∞∑§-ŒÊ ¬¢ÁQ§ ∑§ flÊÄÿ ÿÊ∞∑§ flÊÄÿ ∑§Ê ¬˝‡Ÿ ÿÊ ∞∑§-ŒÊ flÊÄÿ ∑§Ê ¡flÊ’ ŒŸÊ „UË ‚Ëπ ¬Êà „ÒU¢ ‹Á∑§Ÿ ¡’ Á∑§‚Ë Áfl·ÿ ¬⁄U ÁflSÃÎà M§¬ ‚ ’Ê‹Ÿ ∑§Ê •fl‚⁄U •ÊÃÊ „ÒUÃÊ ’ª‹¥ ¤ÊÊ°∑§Ÿ ‹ªÃ „Ò¥U–

ŒÊSÃÊ! Ä‹Ê‚M§◊ ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ∑§Ë •¬ŸË ‚Ë◊Ê∞¢ „Ò¥U– ∞∑§ Á‡ÊˇÊ∑§ ⁄UÊ¡ÊŸÊ ∞∑§-«U…∏U ÉÊ¢≈U ŒÊ-ÃËŸ ◊„UËŸ ◊¢ ŒÈÁŸÿÊ ∑§Ë ‚’‚ ‚◊Îh ÷Ê·Ê ∑§ ‚ê’ãœ◊¥ Á∑§ÃŸË ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Œ ¬ÊÿªÊ– •Ã— ∞‚Ë ¬Á⁄UÁSÕÁÃÿÊ¥ ◊¢ •Ê¬∑§Ê øÊÁ„Uÿ ∞‚Ë ¬ÊΔK ¬ÈSÃ∑§¢ U¡Ê •Ê¬∑§Ê ŒÒÁŸ∑§ ¬˝ÿʪ ◊¢ •ÊŸ flÊ‹Ë flÊÄÿ ‚¢⁄øŸÊ•Ê¢∞fl¢ ŒÒÁŸ∑§ flÊÃʸ‹Ê¬ ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ „UÊŸ flÊ‹Ë ‡ÊéŒÊfl‹Ë ∑§Ë Œ ‚∑§ ‚ê¬Íáʸ ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË–

FLUENCY THROUGH SELF-STUDYäÿÊŸ ⁄Uπ¥ •Ê¬ Sflÿ¢ „UË ∞∑§◊ÊòÊ ∞‚ √ÿÁQ§ „Ò¥U ¡Ê œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ Sflÿ¢ ∑§Ë ‚„UÊÿÃÊ ∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U, ∑§Ê߸ •ãÿ √ÿÁQ§ Ÿ„UË¥–

•ãÿ √ÿÁQ§ •Ê¬∑§Ê ∑ȧ¿U ¡ÊŸ∑§ÊÁ⁄UÿÊ° Œ ‚∑§Ã „ÒU¢ ‹Á∑§Ÿ ’Ê‹ŸÊ ÃÊ •Ê¬ Sflÿ¢ mÊ⁄UÊ „UË Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊŸ flÊ‹Ê ∑§Êÿ¸ „ÒU– ’Ê‹Ÿ „UÃÈ •Ê¬ Sflÿ¢ ∑§Ê „UË •¬ŸSpeech Organs (tongue, teeth, lips, etc. mouth organs) ∑§Ê ¬˝Á‡ÊÁˇÊà ∑§⁄UŸÊ ¬«∏UªÊ– ß‚ „UÃÈ •Ê¬∑§Ê øÊÁ„Uÿ ∞‚Ë ©Uà∑ΧCÔU ¬ÊΔK¬ÈSÃ∑¥§ Á¡ã„¥U ’Ê‹-’Ê‹ ∑§⁄U ¬…∏UŸ ‚ •Ê¬∑§ Speech Organs •¢ª¡Ë ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ê ’Ê‹Ÿ ∑§ •èÿSà „UÊ ‚∑§¢– •Ê¬∑§Ê øÊÁ„U∞ ∞‚Ë ¬ÊΔK ¬ÈSÃ∑¥§¡Ê •Ê¬∑§Ê Œ ‚∑§ ŒÒÁŸ∑§ ’Ê‹øÊ‹ ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ „UÊŸ flÊ‹ ‚÷Ë ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ë-Total Mastery. ¡Ë „UÊ° - Total Mastery.

•Êßÿ ß‚ „UÃÈ ∞∑§ ©UŒÊ„U⁄UáÊ ‚◊¤Êà „Ò¢U– ©UŒÊ„U⁄UáÊ ’ÃÊÒ⁄U ∞∑§ ‡ÊéŒ ‹Ã „Ò¥U-Apply. ß‚ ‡ÊéŒ ∑§Ê ‚Ê◊Êãÿ Á„UãŒË •Õ¸ „UÊÃÊ „Ò-•ÊflŒŸ ∑§⁄UŸÊ–‹Á∑§Ÿ ÿ„U ‡ÊéŒ ÁflÁèÊÛÊ ‡ÊéŒ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ◊¥ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ „UÊŸ ¬⁄U •ãÿ§ ÷Êfl √ÿQ§ ∑§⁄UŸ „UÃÈ ÷Ë Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „ÒU, ¡Ò‚-

{4}}........... ߢªÁ‹‡Ê »§‹Í•ã‚Ë Á«Ufl‹Ú¬◊Úã≈UU ∑§Ê‚¸

� To apply the brake(s) = ’∑§ ‹ªÊŸÊ (ªÊ«∏UË •ÊÁŒ ◊¢)� To apply a rule/ principle = ∑§Ê߸ ÁŸÿ◊/ Á‚hÊãà ‹ÊªÍ ∑§⁄UŸÊ� To apply one’s mind = •¬ŸÊ ÁŒ◊ʪ ‹ªÊŸÊ� To apply force = ¡Ê⁄U/ÃÊ∑§Ã ‹ªÊŸÊ� To apply balm (on forehead) = (Á‚⁄U ¬⁄U) ’Ê◊ ‹ªÊŸÊ� To apply oneself to a work = •¬Ÿ •Ê¬∑§Ê Á∑§‚Ë ∑§Ê◊ ◊¢ ‹ªÊŸÊŒÁπÿ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∞∑§ „UË ‡ÊéŒ ∑§Ê •Ÿ∑§ ÷Êfl √ÿQ§ ∑§⁄UŸ „UÃÈ ÁflÁ÷ÛÊ ‡ÊéŒ ‚◊Í„UÊ¥ ◊¥ ∑Ò§‚ ¬˝ÿʪ Á∑§ÿÊ ¡ÊÃÊ „Ò– ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ë ∞‚Ë ¡ÊŸ∑§Ê⁄UË Á∑§‚Ë

Á‡UÊˇÊ∑§ mÊ⁄UÊ ∞∑§ ‚ËÁ◊à ‚◊ÿ ◊¢ ÁŒÿÊ ¡ÊŸÊ •SÊê÷fl-‚Ê „ÒU– ÿ„UË ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „ÒU ŒÊ-ÃËŸ ◊„UËŸ Á∑§‚Ë ∑§ÊÁø¢ª ◊¢ ¬…∏U øÈ∑§ •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê ‹Êª ∞∑§ ŒÊ flÊÄÿÊ¥∑§Ë ∑§Ê◊ ø‹Ê™§ •¢ª¡Ë „UË ’Ê‹ ¬Êà „ÒU¢–

•ŸÈflÊŒ ¬hÁà - ∞∑§ ª‹Ã Ã⁄UË∑§Ê•¢ª¡Ë ◊¢ „UË ‚ÊøŸÊ ¬˝Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄¥U-•¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ ∑§ ßë¿ÈU∑§ •Áœ∑§Ã⁄U ‹Êª ª‹Ã Ã⁄UË∑§ ‚ •¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿÊ‚ ∑§⁄Uà „ÒU¢– •Áœ∑§Ê¢‡Ê Á„UãŒË

÷Ê·Ë ‹Êª ‚fl¸¬˝Õ◊ Á„UãŒË ◊¢ ‚Êøà „Ò¥U Á»§⁄U fl •¬Ÿ ߟ ÁfløÊ⁄UÊ¢ ∑§Ê •¢ª¡Ë ◊¢ •ŸÈflÊŒ ∑§⁄Uà „ÒU¢– ÿ„U Á’À∑ȧ‹ ©UÀ≈UÊ/ª‹Ã Ã⁄UË∑§Ê „ÒU– ∞∑§ ’Ê⁄U∞∑§ ÁfllÊÕ˸ ∑§„UŸÊ øÊ„UÃÊ ÕÊ “•Ê¡∑§‹ ◊⁄U ’Ê‹ ∑§Ê»§Ë ©U«∏U ⁄U„U „Ò¥U”, Á¡‚∑§Ê ©U‚Ÿ •¢ª¡Ë •ŸÈflÊŒ ß‚ ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U Á∑§ÿÊ -‘My hairs are flying toomuch now a days’ ÿ„U Á„UãŒË ‚ •¢ª¡Ë •ŸÈflÊŒ ∑§Ê „UË ¬Á⁄UáÊÊ◊ „Ò– äÿÊŸ ⁄U„U „U◊ Á∑§‚Ë ÷Ë ∞∑§ ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ŒÍ‚⁄UË ÷Ê·Ê ◊¥ ‡ÊéŒ-‚-‡ÊéŒ •ŸÈflÊŒŸ„UË¥ ∑§⁄U ‚∑§Ã– „U◊¢ ∑§fl‹ ©U‚∑§Ê ÷Êfl √ÿQ§ ∑§⁄UŸÊ „ÒU– ß‚ „UÃÈ Á∑§‚Ë ‡ÊéŒ Áfl‡Ê· ∑§ ¬Ë¿U Ÿ„UË¥ ¡ÊŸÊ „ÒU–

äÿÊŸ ⁄U„U, œÊ⁄Uʬ˝flÊ„U •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ „U◊¥ •¢ª¡Ë ◊¢ „UË ‚ÊøŸÊ ¬˝Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ¬«∏UªÊ– ß‚ „UÃÈ „U◊¥ •Áœ∑§-‚-•Áœ∑§ •¢ª¡Ë¬òÊ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê∞¢, ‹π, •Ê‹π, •¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ë •ë¿UË ¬ÈSÃ∑¥§ ¬…∏UŸ ÃÕÊ •Áœ∑§-‚-•Áœ∑§ ‡ÊéŒ ‚ËπŸ øÊÁ„Uÿ– ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§ ôÊÊŸ ‚ „U ◊Ê⁄UË ∑§À¬ŸÊ∞fl¢ ‚ÊøŸ ∑§Ë ˇÊ◊ÃÊ ’…∏UªË– „U◊Ê⁄U ŒÒÁŸ∑§ ¡ËflŸ ◊¢ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ •¢ª¡Ë ‡ÊéŒÊ¥, flÊÄÿÊ¥, flÊÄÿ ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê •Áœ∑§-‚-•Áœ∑§ ôÊÊŸ ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸÊ „Uʪʖ

ÄÿÊ Á’ŸÊ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ •¢ª¡Ë ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U?ÿ„U •àÿãà ◊„Uàfl¬Íáʸ ¬˝‡Ÿ „ÒU– ß‚∑§Ê ©UûÊ⁄U „UÊ° ∞fl¢ Ÿ„UË¥ ŒÊŸÊ¢ „UË „UÊ ‚∑§ÃÊ „ÒU– „UÊ°, ß‚Á‹∞ Á∑§ „U◊Ÿ •¬ŸË ◊ÊÃÎ÷Ê·Ê Á’ŸÊ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ôÊÊŸ

∑§ „UË ’Ê‹ŸÊ ‚ËπË „ÒU– ‹Á∑§Ÿ äÿÊŸ ⁄U„U „U◊Ÿ •¬ŸË ◊ÊÃÎ÷Ê·Ê •¬Ÿ ¡ã◊ ‚ „UË ‚ÈŸŸÊ ¬˝Ê⁄Uê÷ ∑§⁄U ŒË ÕË ∞fl¢ ◊ÊÃÎ÷Ê·Ê ‚ËπŸ ‚ ¬Ífl¸ „U◊¥ flÊÃʸ‹Ê¬∑§Ë ∑§Ê߸ •ãÿ ÷Ê·Ê ÷Ë Ÿ„UË¥ •ÊÃË ÕË– fl·ÊZ Ã∑§ ß‚ ÷Ê·Ê ∑§Ê ‚ÈŸÃ ⁄U„UŸ ∑§ ∑§Ê⁄UáÊ „U◊ ß‚ ’Ê‹Ÿ ◊¢ ¬Ê⁄¢UªÃ „UÊ ªÿ– ÃÊ ÄÿÊ „U◊ •’ •¢ª¡Ë ÷ËÁ’ŸÊ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U? „UÊ°, ‚Ëπ ‚∑§Ã „Ò¥U ’‡Êà Á∑§ •Ê¬ fl·ÊZ Ã∑§ ∞‚ flÊÃÊfl⁄UáÊ / SÕÊŸ ◊¢ ⁄U„¥U ¡„UÊ° •¢ª¡Ë ∑§ •‹ÊflÊ ∑§Ê߸ •ÊÒ⁄U ÷Ê·Ê’Ê‹Ë „UË Ÿ„UË¥ ¡ÊÃË „ÒU ÃÕÊ •Ê¬ ÷Ë ’Ê‹-‚È‹÷ ©Uà‚È∑§ÃÊ ‚ ‚ËπŸ, ‚ÈŸŸ fl ’Ê‹Ÿ ∑§Ê •èÿÊ‚ ∑§⁄Uà ⁄U„U¢– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ÿ„U ’«∏UÊ ‹ê’Ê ø‹Ÿ flÊ‹ÊÁ‚‹Á‚‹Ê „ÒU Á¡‚◊¥ „U◊¥ fl·ÊZ ‹ª ¡Êÿ¥ª– ◊ÊòÊ ∑ȧ¿U ÁŒŸÊ¥ ÿÊ ÉÊ¢≈UÊ¥ ◊¢ ÿ„U ‚ê÷fl Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU–

∑ȧ¿U SÊ¢SÕÊŸ ÿ„U ŒÊflÊ ÷Ë ∑§⁄Uà „Ò¥U Á∑§ fl Á’ŸÊ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ∑ȧ¿U ÁŒŸÊ¥ ◊¢ •Ê¬∑§Ê •¢ª¡Ë ’Ê‹ŸÊ Á‚πÊ Œ¥ª– „U◊Ê⁄U •ŸÈèÊfl ∑§ •ŸÈ‚Ê⁄U ÿ„U ‚àÿŸ„UË¥ „ÒU–

Á∑§‚Ë ÁflmÊŸ Ÿ ∑§„UÊ „ÒU-‘Grammar is the life blood of a language.’

•Ã— •ë¿UË •¢ª¡Ë ’Ù‹ŸÊ fl Á‹πŸÊ ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê ôÊÊŸ •Êfl‡ÿ∑§ „ÒU–‹Á∑§Ÿ ß‚∑§Ê ÃÊà¬ÿ¸ ÿ„U ÷Ë Ÿ„UË¥ „ÒU Á∑§ •¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ „U◊¥ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ‚¢’¢œË ‚◊Sà ÁŸÿ◊Ê¥ ∞fl¢ ©U¬ÁŸÿ◊Ê¥ ∑§Ê •Êà◊‚ÊÃÔ ∑§⁄UŸÊ ¬«∏UªÊ,

‚ËπŸÊ ¬«∏UªÊ– Ÿ„UË¥, ∞‚Ê Á’À∑ȧ‹ Ÿ„UË¥– ‹Á∑§Ÿ „U◊¢ √ÿÊ∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§Ê •ÊœÊ⁄U÷Íà ôÊÊŸ •fl‡ÿ ‹ŸÊ „Uʪʖ ¡Ò‚ Á∑§ ’Ëà „ÈU∞ ‚◊ÿ (÷ÍÃ∑§Ê‹) ∑§Ë Á∑˝§ÿÊ√ÿQ§ ∑§⁄UŸ „UÃÈ Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§ ÁmÃËÿ (÷ÍÃ∑§Ê‹ / Past Tense) M§¬ ∑§Ê; flø◊ÊŸ ∑§Ë •ÊŒÃ, ªÁÃÁflÁœ, ÁŸÿÁ◊Ã, ∑§Êÿ¸ ’ÃÊŸ „UÃÈ Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§ ◊Í‹M§¬

∞fl¢ ∞∑§fløŸ ∑§Ãʸ ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ß‚◊¥ s ÿÊ es •ÊÁŒ ∑§Ê ¬˝ÿʪ ∑§⁄UŸÊ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚Ë ¬˝∑§Ê⁄U ∑§Ãʸ I ∑§ ‚ÊÕ flø◊ÊŸ∑§Ê‹ ◊¢ be Á∑˝§ÿÊ ∑§Ê am M§¬, ÷ÍÃ∑§Ê‹ ◊¥ was, you ∑§ ‚ÊÕ are ∞fl¢ were, He ∑§ ‚ÊÕ is, was ∑§Ê¬˝ÿʪ ∑§⁄UŸÊ „UÊÃÊ „ÒU– ß‚∑§ •ÁÃÁ⁄UQ§ „U◊¢ ∞∑§ ’Êà •ÊÒ⁄U ‚◊¤Ê ‹ŸÊ øÊÁ„Uÿ Á∑§ Á’ŸÊ ¬˝ÊÕÁ◊∑§ flÊÄÿ‚¢⁄UøŸÊ•Ê¥ ∑§Ê ‚◊¤Ê •¢ª¡Ë ¡Ò‚Ë ÁflŒ‡ÊË ÷Ê·Ê ¬⁄U •Áœ∑§Ê⁄U ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸÊ •‚ê÷fl „UË „ÒU–

•¢ª¡Ë ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ ©UÁøà ◊ʪ¸•¬ŸÊ ‡ÊéŒ ôÊÊŸ ’…∏UÊßÿ-

•¢ª¡Ë ÷Ê·Ê ‚ËπŸ „UÃÈ ‚fl¸¬˝Õ◊ •Ê¬∑§Ê ŒÒÁŸ∑§ ’Ê‹øÊ‹ ◊¢ ¬˝ÿÈQ§ „UÊŸ flÊ‹ 5-6 „U¡Ê⁄U ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§Ê‚ê¬Íáʸ ôÊÊŸ ¬˝Ê# ∑§⁄UŸÊ „Uʪʖ ’Ê‹øÊ‹ ◊¥ ¬ÿÈQ§ ÿ ‡ÊéŒ ‹π∑§ ∑§Ë ¬ÈSÃ∑§ (Word Bank for SpokenEnglish) ◊¥ ÁŒÿ ªÿ¥– •Ã— •Ê¬ ß‚ ¬ÈSÃ∑§ ∑§Ê •äÿÿŸ ∑§⁄¥U– •Ê¬∑§Ê ߟ ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§ GrammaticalCategorization ∑§ ‚ÊÕ ßŸ∑§ •Õ¸ ÷Ë ‚◊¤ÊŸ fl ¡ÊŸŸ „UÊ¥ª– ‹Á∑§Ÿ ߟ ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ∑§ •Õ¸ (meaning)¡ÊŸŸÊ „UË ¬ÿʸ# Ÿ„UË¥ „Uʪʖ ’ÁÀ∑§ ߟ ‡ÊéŒÊ¥ ‚ ’ŸŸ flÊ‹ •Ÿ∑§ •âʸ¬Íáʸ ‡ÊéŒ-‚◊Í„U ¡ÊŸŸ „UÊ¢ª ¡Ê True

Publisher : Upkar Prakashan ISBN : 9788174829191 Author : M. S. Shekhawat

Type the URL : http://www.kopykitab.com/product/4906

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