( i )

By

Dr. K. Kautilya

Upkar Prakashan, Agra-2

(P(P(P(P(Paaaaaperperperperper-II)-II)-II)-II)-II)

( ii )

© Publishers

Publishers

UPKAR PRAKASHAN2/11A, Swadeshi Bima Nagar, AGRA–282 002Phone : 4053333, 2530966, 2531101Fax : (0562) 4053330, 4031570E-mail : care@upkar.inWebsite : www.upkar.in

Branch Offices4845, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, 1-8-1/B, R.R. Complex (Near Sundaraiah Park,New Delhi–110 002 Adjacent to Manasa Enclave Gate),Phone : 011–23251844/66 Bagh Lingampally, Hyderabad–500 044 (A.P.)

Phone : 040–66753330

� The publishers have taken all possible precautions in publishing this book, yet if any mistake hascrept in, the publishers shall not be responsible for the same.

� This book or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any form by Photographic, Mechanical,or any other method, for any use, without written permission from the Publishers.

� Only the courts at Agra shall have the jurisdiction for any legal dispute.

ISBN : 978-93-5013-258-6

Price : ̀ 330.00(Rs. Three Hundred Thirty Only)

Code No. 1755

Printed at : UPKAR PRAKASHAN (Printing Unit) Bye-pass, AGRA

(An ISO 9001 : 2000 Company)

( iii )

Contents

Part A : Sociological Concepts

● ● ● ● ● Previous Years’ Solved Papers

1. Nature of Sociology ........................................................................................ 3–19

2. Basic Concepts ............................................................................................... 20–66

3. Social Structure .............................................................................................. 67–94

4. Social Group ................................................................................................... 95–116

5. Social Institutions ........................................................................................... 117–168

6. Socialization .................................................................................................... 169–184

7. Social Stratification ........................................................................................ 185–226

8. Social Change ................................................................................................ 227–251

● ● ● ● ● Practise Test Paper ....................................................................................... 252–279

Part B : Sociological Theory

9. Structural ....................................................................................................... 280–293

10. Functional ....................................................................................................... 294–349

11. Interactionist ................................................................................................... 350–382

12. Conflict .......................................................................................................... 383–411

●●●●● Practise Test Paper ....................................................................................... 412–423

Part C : Methodology

13. Meaning and Nature of Social Research ..........................................................424–436

14. Quantitative Methods ..................................................................................... 437–476

15. Qualitative Methods ........................................................................................ 477–480

16. Statistics in Social Research ............................................................................ 481–485

●●●●● Practise Test Paper .......................................................................................486–497

Sociological Terminology .................................................................................. 498–512

( iv )

Syllabus

A : Sociological Concepts1. Nature of Sociology

Definition, Sociological Perspective

2. Basic ConceptsCommunity, Institution, AssociationCulture, Norms and Values

3. Social StructureStatus and Role, their interrelationshipMultiple roles, Role sets, Status set, Statussequence Role conflict

4. Social GroupMeaningTypes : Primary-Secondary, Formal-Informal,Ingroup-Outgroup, Reference group

5. Social InstitutionsMarriage, Family, Education, Economy, Polity,Religion

6. SocializationSocialization, Resocialization, Anticipatorysocialization, Adult socializationAgencies of socializationTheories of socialization

7. Social StratificationSocial differentiation, Hierarchy and InequalityForms of stratification : Caste, Class, Gender,EthnicTheories of social stratificationSocial mobility

8. Social ChangeConcepts and Types : Evolution, Diffusion,Progress, Revolution, Transformation Changein structure and Change of structureTheories : Dialectical and Cylical

B. Sociological Theory9. Structural

Nadel, Radcliffe Brown, Levi-Strauss,

10. FunctionalMalinowski, Durkheim, Parsons, Merton

11. InteractionistSocial action : Max Weber, ParetoSymbolic Interactionism : G. H. Mead, Blumer

12. ConflictKarl Marx, Dahrendorf, Coser, Collins

C. Methodology13. Meaning and Nature of Social Research

Nature of social phenomenaThe scientific methodThe problems in the study of social phenomena :Objectivity and subjectivity, fact and value

14. Quantitative MethodsSurvey, Research Design and its types,Hypothesis, SamplingTechniques of data collection : Observation,Questionnaire, Schedule, Interview

15. Qualitative MethodsParticipant observation, Case study, Contentanalysis, Oral history, Life history

16. Statistics in Social ResearchMeasures of Central Tendency : Mean, Median,ModeMeasures of dispersionCorrelational analysisTest of significanceReliability and Validity

Sociology(Paper–II)

UGC-NET/JRF Exam.,Solved Paper

2012Sociology(Paper-II)

Note : This paper contains fifty (50) objectivetype questions, each question carrying two (2)marks. Attempt all the questions.

1. Sociological perspective is primarily relatedto an attempt to—(A) change the social order(B) understand the social order(C) reform the social order(D) adjust to the social order

2. Match the items in List-I with the items inList-II and select the correct answer from thecodes given below—List-I (Concepts)(a) The poverty of Philosophy(b) Symbolic interactionism(c) Manifest and latent function(d) The social construction of realityList-II (Social Scientists)1. Peter Berger and T. Luckman2. Karl Marx3. Herbert Blumer4. R.K. MertonCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 4 2 3(B) 2 3 4 1(C) 3 2 1 4(D) 4 3 2 1

3. Which among the following is an example ofa community ?(A) Family (B) Marriage(C) Village (D) Refugee Camp

4. Emile Durkhiem defines society as—(A) Community of ideas(B) Homogeneous community

(C) Moral community(D) Ethical community

5. Assertion (A) : According to Karl Marx classexploitation can be brought to an end onlywhen the means of production is communallyowned.Reason (R) : The ruling class derives itspower from the ownership and control of themeans of production.Codes :(A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the

correct explanation of (A)(B) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not

the correct explanation of (A)(C) (A) is true but (R) is false(D) (A) is false but (R) is true

6. Which one among the following is aninstance of social action according to MaxWeber ?(A) To cyclists colliding with each other.(B) Persons travelling in a train.(C) Two cyclists exchanging blows after

they collide.(D) Persons opening umbrellas when it starts

raining.

7. Which among the following is not, inMarxian terminology component of mode ofproduction ?(A) Means of production(B) Instruments of production(C) Forces of production

(D) Relations of production

8. The Weberian model of social stratificationhas been used in the study of caste by—

(A) S.C. Dube (B) M.N. Srinivas(C) T.N. Madan (D) Andre Beteille

4J | UGC-NET Sociology II (2012)

9. Which one among the following concepts is,according to Merton, capable of theoreticallydealing with change ?(A) Eufunction (B) Non-function(C) Quasifunction (D) Dysfunction

10. Sanskritization implies—(A) Change in caste structure(B) Change of caste structure(C) Change for caste structure(D) None of the above

11. A teacher in carrying out his duties has torespond to the expectations of his colleagues,students and guardians of the students. Thesepeople constitute for the teachers—(A) Status set (B) Multiple roles(C) Role-set (D) None of the above

12. Which one of the following is not aninstitution ?(A) Marriage (B) Education(C) Policing (D) Pick-pocketing

13. The prohibition of sagotra marriage amongthe Hindus is an example of marriage—(A) Taboo(B) Clan exogamy(C) The rules of caste endogamy(D) The incest taboo

14. Which one of the following is known as theprocess by which cultural traits spread fromone culturally distinct group to another ?(A) Evolution (B) Assimilation(C) Accommodation (D) Diffusion

15. The movement of a person from the positionof clerk in Calcutta headquarters of L.I.C. tothat position in Delhi headquarters of L.I.C. isan example of—(A) Horizontal mobility

(B) Upward mobility(C) Vertical mobility

(D) Downward mobility

16. When an Indian couple prepares its daughtersso that she is accepted in her husband’sfamily after her marriage, it is case of—(A) Socialization

(B) Resocialization(C) Anticipatory socialization

(D) Adult socialization

17. According to Durkheim, religion consists inthe distinction between—(A) the sacred and the secular(B) the pure and the impure(C) the sacred and the profane(D) the gods and the ghosts

18. Resocialization is clearly evident when a—

(A) girl’s marriage just takes place

(B) child is born

(C) person works as a member of a revolu-tionary party

(D) child starts going to school

19. Match the items in List-I with the items inList-II and choose the correct answer from thecodes given below—

List-I(a) Looking-glass self (b) Alienation

(c) Cultural lag (d) Positivism

List-II1. Karl Marx 2. William Ogburn

3. G.H. Mead 4. Auguste Comte

5. C.H. Cooley

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 5 1 2 4

(B) 1 2 3 5

(C) 4 3 2 1

(D) 3 4 1 2

20. Sociology in India was introduced at theinstitutional level after it was well-establishedin Europe and U.S.A. Which one among thefollowing is the year of introduction ofsociology at the formal / institutional level ?

(A) 1894 (B) 1895

(C) 1939 (D) 1919

21. Match the items in List-I with items in List-IIand select the right answer from the codesindicated below—

List-I (Concept)(a) Organic solidarity

(b) Religious Ethic

(c) Mode of Production

(d) Social evolution

UGC-NET Sociology II (2012) | 5J

List-II (Sociologist)1. Herbert Spencer 2. Emile Durkheim3. Vifredo Pareto 4. Karl Marx5. Max WeberCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 1 3 4 2(B) 2 1 5 3(C) 5 3 4 1(D) 2 5 4 1

22. Match the items in the List-I with the items inList-II and select the correct answer from thecodes given below—List-I(a) Acculturation (b) Assimilation(c) Accommodation (d) IntegrationList-II1. A condition in which people may work

together even though there are differen-ces which separate them.

2. A process of adaptation in whichelements of a culture form a compositewhole.

3. A condition in which people of a culturetend to acquire some elements of otherculture and leave some elements of theirown.

4. A process wherein a minority groupgradually gives up its own culturalpatterns and acquire those of thedominant.

Codes :(a) (b) (c) (d)

(A) 1 2 3 4(B) 3 4 1 2(C) 2 3 4 1(D) 3 4 2 1

23. Which one of the following is an example ofascribed status ?(A) Teacher (B) Student(C) Brahmin (D) Doctor

24. Tertiary sector is also known as—(A) Processing sector(B) Forestry sector(C) Mining sector(D) Services sector

25. Match the items in List-I with the items inList-II and select the correct answer from thecodes given below—List-I(a) Homo Hierarchicus(b) The Savage Mind(c) Caste, Class and Power(d) Caste in Modern India and other EssaysList-II1. Claude Levi-Strauss2. Andre Beteille3. M.N. Srinivas4. Louis DumontCodes :

(a) (b) (c) (d)(A) 3 2 1 4(B) 2 3 4 1(C) 4 1 2 3(D) 1 2 3 4

26. Rise of new technologies in the sphere ofinformation and communication leading togreater globalization is a future of—(A) Agrarian Society

(B) Industrial Society(C) Post-Industrial Society(D) Rural Society

27. Which of the following thinkers used asystem of binary opposition in structuralapproach to social phenomena ?(A) Nadel (B) Radcliffe-Brown(C) Levi-Strauss (D) Malinowski

28. Which of the following is correct according toMead ?(A) Self can also emerge in the absence of

social experience(B) Self does not allow people to take part in

conversation with others(C) Body becomes a self only when a mind

has developed(D) Mind and self can be separated from

each other

29. Which of the following does not represent theDahrendorf’s theory of conflict ?(A) Social change is ubiquitous in human

society(B) Conflict can be both latent and manifest

continue

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