84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the...

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8.4 Improper integrals comp.notebook January 20, 2016 Jan 167:42 AM 84 Improper Integrals Graph Discuss in your groups whether or not this integral has a limit. Given Evaluate the limit for b=10,100,1000, 2000.

Transcript of 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the...

Page 1: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

8.4 Improper integrals comp.notebook January 20, 2016

Jan 16­7:42 AM

8­4 Improper Integrals

Graph 

Discuss in your groups whether or not this integral has a limit.

Given  

Evaluate the limit for b=10,100,1000, 2000.

Page 2: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

8.4 Improper integrals comp.notebook January 20, 2016

Jan 7­9:20 PM

Infinite Integration Limits

Integrals with infinite limits of integration are improper integrals.

(1) If f(x) is continuous on [a,∞), then 

(2) If f(x) is continuous on (­∞,b], then 

(3) If f(x) is continuous on (­∞,∞), then 

c any real number. 

In (1) and (2) the limit is finite if the improper integralCONVERGES, and the limit is the value of the improper integral.

If the limit fails to exist, the improper integral DIVERGES.

In part (3), the integral on the left hand side converges if both improper integrals on the right hand side converge, otherwise it DIVERGES, and has no value.

Page 3: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

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EX. 1Express   in terms of definite limits, and then 

evaluate the integral.

Ex. 2 [1,∞)

Does   converge or diverge?

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EX. 3 Partial Fractions

Evaluate   or state that it diverges.

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EX. 4 Using L'Hopital's Rule

Evaluate   or state that it diverges.

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EX. 5 (­∞,∞)

Evaluate  

Page 7: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

8.4 Improper integrals comp.notebook January 20, 2016

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Improper integrals with infinite discontinuities

Integrals of functions that become infinite at a point within the interval of convergence are called IMPROPER INTEGRALS.

(1) If  is continuous on (a,b], then 

(2) If  is continuous on [a,b) , then 

(3) If  is continuous on [a,c) ∪ (c,b], then 

In (1) and (2) if the limit is FINITE, the integral CONVERGES and the limit is the value of the improper integral. Else it DIVERGES 

In (3) the integral CONVERGES if both integrals on the right hand side have values, otherwise it DIVERGES.

Page 8: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

8.4 Improper integrals comp.notebook January 20, 2016

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EX. 6 Discontinuities

Some improper integrals have vertical asymptotes ­ infinite discontinuities.

Evaluate 

Page 9: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

8.4 Improper integrals comp.notebook January 20, 2016

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Ex. 7 Infinite Discontinuity at an End Point

Evaluate 

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EXPLORATIONInvestigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow.

(1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0.(2)Show the integral diverges if p=1.(3)Show the integral diverges if p>1.(4)Show that the integral converges if 0<p<1.

Page 11: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

8.4 Improper integrals comp.notebook January 20, 2016

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Test For Convergence

If we can’t evaluate an improper integral directly, we determine convergence. If it diverges ­ bye, bye, we’re done. If it converges, hello, we can use numerical methods to approximate its value.

COMPARISON TEST

Let f and g be continuous on [a,∞) with 0≤f(x)≤g(x), then

(1)  

(2)  

Page 12: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

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Ex. 8 Investigating Convergence

Does the integral       converge?

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APPLICATIONS

EX. 9 Finding CircumferenceUse the arc length formula to show that the circumference of the circle x2 + y2 = 81 is 18π. 

Page 14: 84 Improper Integrals · Investigate the following integral with your neighbor and answer the questions that follow. (1)Explain why these integrals are improper if p>0. (2)Show

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Ex. 10 Finding the Volume of an Infinite Solid

Find the volume of the solid obtained by revolving the curve   y=xe­x 0≤x<∞ about the x­axis.