839Chapter 1, Introduction to Traffic Engineering.pdf

Transportation System Engineering 2 , 61463

Chapter 1

Introduction to Traffic Engineering

Dr. Eng. Wael K. M. ALHAJYASEEN

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

AN-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

NABLUS, PALESTINE

2

Movement of people and goods

Essential for socio-economic activities and our every-day life

Consist of human, modes of transportation and infrastructure (links and terminals).

Human

Infrastr-ucture

Modes (Vehicles)


3

Building vast transportation systems requires enormous resources of energy, material, and land.

In major cities, transportation can consume as much as half of all the land area.

Transportation leads to many problems:

Environmental Impacts Emissions, Noise, Pollution of air and water etc

Safety Issues Collisions

Energy Consumption


4

We cant live without mobility; but can we live with it ?

Economic Growth Increase in Industrial activities (Production)

Increase in personal income Increase in consumption

Transport Impacts Growth in trip rates

Motorization Changes in mode share

Urban expansion

Transport Services Facilitate movement of

goods and services, Improve access to network,

etc.

Source: Galindo, L.M., M. Molina et al. (2002)

Impacts upon: Quality Safety

Environment Economy Society


5

Traffic Engineering

Transport: change of geographical positions of people or goods

Traffic: transport related exclusively to vehicle movement

Year

Mill

ion

s o

f ve

hic

les

Traffic Evolution in Developing Countries


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Operation which includes regulations to solve actual problems or foreseeable shore-dated:

Design and planning of road network for future needs:

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1. Traffic Studies and Characteristics

2. Performance Evaluation

3. Facility Design

4. Traffic Control

5. Traffic Operations

6. Transportation System Management

7. Intelligent Transportation Systems


8 TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM ENGINEERING 2 , 61463

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3

4

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Trip Generation

Trip Distribution

Mode Choice

Route Choice

4-Step Model

Estimated Demand

Facility Design

Control Strategy


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Time

Volume (vph)

Capacity

TSM TDM

TDM

TSM: How much new capacity can be added? TDM: How much capacity can be allowed?


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Facility Design, examples:

Add Lanes or Remove Bottlenecks (Bridges, Tunnel,)

Traffic Control , examples:

Signal Coordination or Signal Phase Sequence

Left Turn Treatments or Parking Restrictions

Transportation System Management (TSM)

Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Reducing Demand

Telecommuting: is a work arrangement in which employees enjoy flexibility in working location and hours.

Trip Chaining or Shorter Work Week

Shifting Demand

Flexible Working Hours

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Relationship with General Public

More than any other engineer

Relationship with Elected Official

A wide range of officials

Professional Ethics

There is great responsibility, according to the outcomes


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Safety (Primary) The principal goal of the traffic engineer remains the

provision of a safe system for highway traffic

Mobility (Speed)

Comfort

Convenience

Economy

Environmental compatibility


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Safety (Primary)

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Mobility (Speed)

Comfort

Convenience

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Network analysis The principal goal of the traffic engineer remains the

provision of a safe system for highway traffic

Travel Demand Forecasting

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Evacuation


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Evaluation of evacuation scenarios

Predictions 1.3 million evacuees

0.5 million vehicles


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Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)

ITS collect, store, process and distribute information relating to the movement of people and goods.

Examples include:

systems for traffic management,

public transportation management,

emergency management,

traveler information,

advanced vehicle control and safety,

commercial vehicle operations,

electronic payment and

railroad grade crossing safety.


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Interrupted (discontinuous) traffic:

Fixed elements interrupt periodically traffic ( such as traffic lights and stops.

These elements significantly diminish vehicle speed in certain instant

Uninterrupted (continuous) traffic :

No external fixed elements interrupt traffic flow, like traffic lights, that oblige vehicles to stop.

The possible stoppage is caused by internal reasons of traffic flow ( accident, collision, break down, etc.)


Introduction to Traffic Engineering

Dr. Eng. Wael K. M. ALHAJYASEEN


839Chapter 1, Introduction to Traffic Engineering.pdf

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