8.2 Arithmetic Sequences · 8.2 Arithmetic Sequences DEFINITION OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE An...

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1 8.2 Arithmetic Sequences DEFINITION OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE An arithmetic sequence is a sequence of the form The number a is the first term and d is the common difference of the sequence. The n th term of an arithmetic sequence is given by or a n = dn + c In this form, you can see that the a n formula is very similar to y = mx + b. So "d" is just like "m" which is slope.

Transcript of 8.2 Arithmetic Sequences · 8.2 Arithmetic Sequences DEFINITION OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE An...

Page 1: 8.2 Arithmetic Sequences · 8.2 Arithmetic Sequences DEFINITION OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE An arithmetic sequence is a sequence of the form The number a is the first term and d is

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8.2 Arithmetic Sequences

DEFINITION OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE

An arithmetic sequence is a sequence of the form

The number a is the first term and d is the common difference of the sequence. The nth term of an arithmetic sequence is given by

or an = dn + cIn this form, you can see that the an formula is very similar to y = mx + b. So "d" is just like "m" which is slope.

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y = 2x an = 2n

Because the points that make up the sequence above are on a line y = 2x, we can use the same "ideas" for all arithmetic sequences as we do with linear equations.  For instance, the linear equation y = 3x ­ 2 is similar to the sequence an = 3n ­ 2. Just their domains are different.

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If a = 2 and d = 3, what would the arithmetic sequence look like?

You must know & recognize both forms of arithmetic sequences.

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Are the following arithmetic sequences? If so what is a, d and an ?

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Find the first six terms and the 300th term of the arithmetic sequence 13, 7...

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The 11th term of the arithmetic sequence is 52, and the 19th is 92. Find the 1000th term

You can see that solving this problem is exactly like solving a linear equation. Since the 11th term is 52, that is just like the point (11, 52), and since the 19th term is 92, that is just like the point (19, 92). Since "d" in  an = dn + c  is just like "m" in  y = mx + b,  we just do the slope of these two points to find "m" (or "d").

Then we can plug in the a11 = 52 into an = 5n + c to find "c"  ­­   which is just like plugging in the point (11, 52) into y = 5x + b to find "b".

so a1000 = 5(1000) ­ 3 = 4997

SAME

SAME

The first thing we need is to find "d".  If it is not given to you, this is always your first step.

Now we can plug d = 5 into an = dn + c  to get  an = 5n + c.

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If you are given "d" and some terms of an arithmetic sequence, DO NOT just add or subtract "d" to get to other terms in the sequence unless you are asked to find a term that is very close to one your are given. 

Example: If you're given d = 3 and a13 = 51 and you're asked to find a15  then it's OK to just add 3 twice to a13 to get a15 = 57.

But if you're given d = 3 and a13 = 51 and you're asked to find a57  DO NOT just add 3 until you get to term a57. To receive full credit on the unit test, you MUST show the work to set up the an equation and then find a57.  Let's do that here:

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So far in section 8.2, we have talked about Arithmetic Sequences. 

Now let's talk about Arithmetic Series and how we add up the terms very quickly using a 

quick little formula.

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Suppose that we want to find the sum of the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4,..., 100, in other words, .

How can we do this easier then actually adding them all up?

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PARTIAL SUMS OF AN ARITHMETIC SEQUENCEFor the arithmetic sequence an=a+(n­1)d the nth partial sum

is given by any of the following formulas:

dk + cor

3.   4.

This form of the formula is really not necessary.

So to find the sum of an arithmetic sequence (or basically, the series), you have to have three things:

             1.  "n" which is the number of terms

2.  "a" which is the first term

3.  "an" which is the last term

If you are missing one of these, you have to find the nth term (an formula first and use that to find your missing piece.

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Find the partial sum Sn of the arithmetic sequence that satisfies the given conditions:

a = 5 d = 3    n = 50

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Find the sum of the first 40 terms of the arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11, 15,... using the formula.

We don't have the last term, so find the nth term formula & use it to find the last term (a40).

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Find the sum of the first 50 odd numbers.

We are missing the last term again, so find the nth term formula and use it to find the 50th term.

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How many terms of the arithmeic sequence 5, 7, 9,... must be added to get 572?

This time we have the sum and the first term, and we want to find n, so we can plug in 572 for Sn and plug in 5 for a, but we still need something to plug in for an. Remember, if you are missing anything, find the nth term formula to help you. For this problem, an is what we are missing, so once we find the an formula, we can plug what it equals in for an in the sum equation.

This is the side work to help you figure out the factoring:

n is the number of terms, to it can't be a negative number, so n = 22 is our answer.

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A partial sum of an arithmetic sequence is given. Find the sum.

89 + 85 + 81 + + 13. . .We are missing n, so we find our nth term formula and plug in 13 for an to find which term number it it. That will be our number of terms.

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A partial sum of an arithmetic sequence is given. Find the sum.

Be careful with this sum! The biggest mistake is assuming the number of terms is 20, but it's actually 21 since we started by plugging in zero instead of 1 to get the terms. To find the number of terms in summation notation, you do the upper number minus one less than the lower number: 20 ­ (­1) = 21

Also, the first term is what we get when we plug in k = 0, NOT k = 1.

And to get the last term, you plug in 20 for k.

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Assignment:

Section 8.2 on Webassign