The impact of information technology on organizational memory
81553131 Impact of Information Technology
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Transcript of 81553131 Impact of Information Technology
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Page 1
Impact of Information Technology
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Agenda
Shneidermans Plagues of the
Information era
Ethics Issues
Corporate Code of IT Ethics
Other Impacts
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Shneidermans Plagues of the
Information Age
Ben Shneiderman
Univ. Maryland (College Park)
Computer Science
Human Factors Institute
System Philosopher
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Plagues
Anxiety
Computer shock
Terminal terror
Network neurosis
Alienation
Less connected to other people
Whose voice is that, anyway
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Plagues
Impotence of individual
Everyone treated the same No special treatment for exceptions
Bewildering complexity and speed
Windows 2002? Pentium
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Plagues
Organizational fragility
Invasion of privacy
Retail database Unemployment and displacement
Clerks/typesetters
VP - mortgage loan decision replaced byExpert System (ES)
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Plagues
Lack of responsibility
Sorry, the computer wont let me
________.
Deteriorating image of people
Intelligent terminals
Expert systems
Maybe theyll keep us as pets.
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Agenda
Shneidermans Plagues of the
Information era
Ethics Issues
Corporate Code of IT Ethics
Other Impacts
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Ethics Issues
IT increases, particularly in
processing and storage, have led to
increases in:
Numbers of mistakes
Computer crime
Invasion of privacy
Unethical behavior
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Computer Crime
Add / delete / modify inputs
Modify / develop programs that
commit a crime
Alter / modify data files
Operate IT in a way to commit
a crime Divert / misuse valid output
Role of auditor
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Security / Privacy
Security is protection of data which, if
wrongly disseminated, may damage
organizational goals (e.g., profit)
Privacy is protection of data which, if
wrongly disseminated, may damage
individuals.
Natural motivation to protect security
Must have laws to protect privacy
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Masons PAPA Model
Privacy
Accuracy
Property Access
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Privacy
What information about individuals
should be revealed?
What safeguards are in place to
protect a persons privacy?
What information can a person keep
private and confidential, and not be
forced to reveal to others?
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Accuracy
Who is responsible for data
accuracy?
Who is accountable / liable for
inaccurate data?
What safeguards have been
established to ensure accuracy?
What can individuals do to ensure
that data stored on them is accurate?
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Property
Who owns the information?
Who has the right to buy or acquire
the information?
How should access to intellectual
property be regulated?
Who places a value on intellectualproperty?
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Intellectual Property Rights
Trade secrets
Software, if not in public domain
Copyright 1980 Computer Software Copyright Act
Patent
1981 Supreme Court decision allowedsoftware to be patented
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Access
What information does a person
have a right to access?
What safeguards exist for
information access?
How do we guarantee equal access
across social and economic groups?
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Agenda
Shneidermans Plagues of the
Information era
Ethics Issues
Corporate Code of IT Ethics
Other Impacts
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Corporate Code of IT Ethics
Laudon and Laudon, 1996
Issues that must be addressed
Information rights / obligations
Property rights / obligations
Accountability and control
System quality
Quality of life
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Info Rights / Obligations
Employee e-mail privacy
Workplace monitoring
Treatment of corporate information
Policies on customer information
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Property Rights
Software licenses
Ownership firm data / facilities
Ownership employee softwarecreated on firms hardware
Software copyrights
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Accountability / Control
Single person responsible for all IT
Reporting persons responsible for:
Individual rights
Property rights
System quality
Quality of life
Potential liabilities of system /
corporation officers
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System Quality
Errors that can be tolerated
System warranties
Measurement methodology Collection
Reporting
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Quality of Life
IT purpose to improve quality of life
for customers and employees
Achieve high levels of: Product quality
Customer service
Employee satisfaction Human dignity
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Agenda
Shneidermans Plagues of the
Information era
Ethics Issues
Corporate Code of IT Ethics
Other Impacts
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Organizations
Structure (E-commerce)
Multination & culture
Flatter organizational hierarchies
Management
Telecommuting
Authority, power, & status (expert systems)
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Individual
Telecommuting
Satisfaction
Dehumanization & psychological
Health
Ergonomics
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Points to Remember
Shneidermans Plagues of the
Information era
Ethics Issues
Corporate Code of IT Ethics
Other Impacts
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Discussion Questions
What are your suggestions to regulate the
usage (privacy issues) of customer data
by a business?
Who will be responsible for the information
error produced by an organization?
What policy does your organization have
in terms of privacy and security issue?