8.0.1 Method Scaffold Bs1139

7/25/2019 8.0.1 Method Scaffold Bs1139

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BLACK CAT INSULATION TECHNICALJSC

Vietnams Leading Insulation Specialist

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A Member of the Industrial Services Division of BCCGroup

INDEX Page

1 - INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................2

2 - REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................ 3

2.1 Scaffolder Personnel ........................................................................... 3

2.2 Requests for Scaffolding ...................................................................... 4

2.3 Materials .............................................................................................. 6

2.4 Design .................................................................................................. 7

2.5 General Access Scaffold ..................................................................... 9

2.6 System Scaffold ................................................................................. 11

2.7 Ancillary Equipment ............................................................................ 12

2.8 Tower Scaffolds ................................................................................ 13

2.9 Activity Controls .................................................................................. 18

2.10 Working Over Water ........................................................................ 21

2.11Ladders ............................................................................................ 23

2.12 Power-operated Mobile Work Platforms .......................................... 28

3. REFERENCES.................................................................................... 33

APPENDICES

1 - Sample Job Specifications ................................................................. 34

2 - Safety Check Lists ............................................................................. 36

3 - Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 38

4 - Checklist for Examination of Ladders ................................................. 41

This Method Statement represents the minimum acceptable HSE standards for a widevariety of operations. Individual operating procedures and/or task specifications shouldreflect these minimum standards and should be consulted, where appropriate, prior tostart of work.

Comment and feedback from site users of this Method Statement are encouraged, in

order that it may be updated as appropriate to reflect current or specific requirements.


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For details of the current revision status of this Method Statement please refer to BCChead office quality dept.

1 INTRODUCTION

In day to day operations, there are many occasions when otherwise inaccessible places or equipment

have to be reached to carry out work and it would be impossible to carry out construction andmaintenance work without providing a suitable means of access.

Access equipment comes in a variety of types and is often the place from which work is carried out and

not just the means of gaining access to the work place. The simplest type is the ladder, which is often

the cheapest, and the quickest way to get a job done. More complex is a scaffold, which can be

constructed suing conventional tube, fittings and boards, or by using proprietary systems based on

prefabricated frames. Another type is the powered mobile work platform, which is becoming a more and

more common feature in activities such as specific maintenance works.

Regardless of the type of equipment and what is used for, there are inherent risks associated with it and

it is essential that access systems are both provided and used safely. The contents of this document

address these risks and their application will ensure appropriate controls are in place to ensure safeoperations.

This standard covers all aspects of scaffolding and access, both onshore and offshore, and follows the

basic structure shown below:

the people involved

the materials used

design and construction

use of equipment

activity controls

special situations


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2 REQUIREMENTS

2.1.1 Scaffolders

Only competent scaffolders employed by BCC shall normally carry out scaffolding work on behalf of the

client.

Training shall be carried out to standards approved by CITB & British Standards.

All personnel employed for the purpose of erecting, modifying or dismantling scaffolding will belong to

one of the categories listed in Table 1 which details the requirements for those personnel.

Exceptions to the above requirements, e.g. the erection of proprietary system scaffold by unqualified

personnel, etc. are identified at the relevant places in the document.

Table 1 Personnel Requirements

JOB CATEGORY QUALIFICATIONS EXPERIENCE

Scaffold Inspector Foreman Scaffolder After qualification, 3 years working as a

Foreman Scaffolder, the third year of

which must be spent working with an

Inspector.

Must hold certificate of demonstrated

competence in scaffold inspection, as

specified by current employer.

Foreman Scaffolder Foreman Scaffolder Minimum 12 months on-site experience

as a Basic Scaffolder

Basic Scaffolder Basic Scaffolder Minimum 12 months planned on-site

experience as a Trainee Scaffolder

Trainee Scaffolder Basic Scaffolder Part 1 Minimum 6 months continuous on-site

working experience as a Scaffold

Laborer

Outline Job Specifications for Scaffold Inspectors, Advanced Scaffolders, Basic Scaffolders and

Trainee Scaffolders and the requirements for supervision are contained in Appendix 2.

2.1.2 Personnel Records

Personnel records of scaffolders shall be maintained and kept up to date by BCC and be available for

inspection by the client. They shall show:-

Full Name of Employee

Date of Birth

Job CategoryTraining Record (original certificates or certified copies thereof)

2.1 Requests for Scaffolding


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Requests for erection, modification or dismantling of scaffolding shall be raised by the client or relevant

operating authority. Requests for scaffolding works shall be made on a Scaffold Request Sheet (Figure

1) or approved client format and will accompany any Construction or Maintenance Work Order.

The requester shall clearly describe the intended purpose, use and loading requirements of the scaffold

or proposed modification and the Scaffold Request Sheet is the basis of the agreement between theclient and BCC in this respect.

When a scaffold of unusual or particular design is required and one of the standard scaffold types (see

Table 3) is not appropriate, the client shall ensure complete and specific details of the user requirements

are detailed on the Scaffold Request. In such cases, sufficient lead-time shall be given to BCC for

preparation of a suitable design.

Figure 1 Scaffold Request Sheet

2.3 Materials

In all cases access equipment, whether tube and fittings, proprietary systems or special equipment, shall

be suitable in all respects for its intended application. For the majority of applications this will entail the

use of steel tube, fittings and board in accordance with Table 2. However, there are certain

circumstances where the use of proprietary systems manufactured from steel or aluminum or the use of

special equipment is preferred.

Typical indications for the use of such systems and equipment are general access purposes for

inspection or cleaning of street lights, high ceilings, guttering, etc. where the access is required for a

short period only or is required to be easily moveable and there is a firm footing. In these circumstances,

the use of proprietary systems or special equipment may show substantial cost savings over

conventional steel tube.

Before a decision is made on the type of access equipment to use, the nature of the intended task must

be fully examined and the compatibility of the intended task and its location with the equipment

application must be assessed.

Table 2 Scaffold Material Standards

Material Standard Additional Requirements

Steel Tube BS 1139

Parts 1 and 2

Only galvanized tube to be used. Used tubes to be regularly

inspected and cleaned. All tubes to be checked before use for

corrosion and general condition. Defective tubes to be

discarded. Butt welded tubes may be used on condition that the

welding has been carried out to an approved procedure.

Fittings BS 1139

Parts 1 and 2

All fittings to be examined before use for damage and wear.

Damaged or worn fittings to be discarded. No heat to be applied

to fittings. Moving parts to be lubricated.

Boards BS 2482 To be clean and free of nails, free of warping and significant

cracks. Not to be painted.

When scaffolding is erected in areas where high levels of radiated heat are unavoidable encountered,

e.g. where high temperature pipework is in close proximity, timber scaffold boards may be exposed tothe risk of burning or charring. In these circumstances, the use of pressed steel staging boards is an

acceptable alternative.


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Note, aluminum tubes, fittings, components and proprietary system frames are vulnerable in the case of

fire and are potentially spark producing. If they are to be used where flammable atmospheres could be

present during normal operations, their use shall be controlled under the work permit system and

precautions specified to ensure a safe atmosphere is provided. If a safe atmosphere cannot be reliably

provided, equipment manufactured from steel shall be used.

2.4 Design

2.4.1 Design Requirements

The access and working scaffolds listed in Table 3, with their construction criteria, shall be designed by

BCC in accordance with appropriate British Standards.

All other scaffolds, and all scaffolds which are the subject of a specific user request outside the pre-

specified format of Table 3, shall be designed by BCC to the requirements set out in BS 5973.

Table 3 Loads and Dimensions for Tube and Fittings Scaffold

Type of

scaffold

Use of

Scaffold

Scaffold

loading

per m2

Maximum

number of

working

platforms

Maximum

spacing

between

Standards

Typical load examples per

bay

Very light duty

independent

Inspection,

access and

painting

75 kg 1 working

platform

2.7 m 1 man + tools. No materials

Light duty

independent

Power

cleaning,

painting, light

engineering

150 kg 2 working

platforms

2.4 m 2 men + tools. No materials

General

purpose

independent

Light

engineering,

e.g. welding

or electrical

200 kg 2 working

platforms + 1 at

very light duty

2.1 m 2 men + 175 kg. of materials

Heavy duty

independent

Heavy

engineering,

e.g. large

pipework of

structural

250 kg 2 working

platforms + 1 at

very light duty

2.0 m 2 men + 250 kg. of materials

Special

purposeTo be stated on design drawings


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2.4.2 DesignTypes

In all cases, the following scaffold types are to be subject to specific design by BCC, which the client

may require to approve in detail prior to erection:

Offshore overside scaffolds.

Access scaffolds above 50m in height.

Hanging or slung scaffolds.

External freestanding scaffolds.

Scaffolds required to withstand wind speeds >39m/s.

Falsework and support scaffolds.

Extra heavy duty scaffolds in excess of the heavy duty specification in Table 3.

Loading platforms for loads exceeding 2.5 kN/m2.

Lifting gantries.

Public access scaffolds

Temporary roofs

Note: Hanging or slung scaffolds for onshore application do not normally provide the facility of

conducting a lightning strike to earth and during the design of such scaffolds, consideration shall be

given to suitable earthing arrangements.

For scaffold of the types listed above, BCC shall produce a work specification together with all thenecessary drawings for the proposed scaffold work, which the client may require to approved prior to

erection.

2.5 General Access Scaffold

General access, or conventional, scaffolding is constructed using steel tube, fittings and boards. The

main elements of conventional scaffolding are shown in Figure 2 on the following page.

Construction requirements are as follows:

Foundationsshall be adequate for the load imposed at each standard and for the weight of the whole

scaffold. Sole boards shall be used under steel base plates if there is any chance of the plate otherwisesinking into the surface or where baseplates are unavoidably located over grating.

Standards shall be vertical and generally pitched on steel base plates not more than 2.7 m apart. Joints

shall be staggered on adjacent standards so that they do not occur on the same lift.

Ledgers shall be horizontal, placed inside the standards and clamped to them with right angle couplers.

Joints shall be staggered so that in adjacent ledgers they do not occur on the same lift.

Transoms shall be spaced at no more than 1.5 m. They should be extended inwards and outwards as

necessary to create the necessary work platform support.

Ties shall be provided on all scaffolds to prevent inward and outward movement. Frequency of ties shall

be to BS 5973 and they shall be evenly spread. The type of tie will depend on the tying requirements andthe nature of the structure. Only load bearing fittings shall be used for ties.


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Bracing shall be installed on all scaffolds to ensure rigidity. The following minimum requirements apply:

Bracing shall be fixed as near as possible to node points.

Bracing shall be erected progressively with the scaffold.

Bracing must be at an angle of 45o, or as near to that angle as possible.

All bracing shall start from base plate level.

Only load bearing fittings shall be used.

Boardsshall be securely fastened and be supported to meet the requirements set out in Table

4.

Table 4 Maximum Span of Scaffold Boards

Nominal Thickness

of Board

Maximum Span

Between Supports

Minimum

Overhang

Maximum

Overhang

Mm m mm m

38 1.5 50 150

50 2.6 50 200

63 3.25 50 250

Guardrails and Toeboardsshall be fitted to all platforms of 2 m or higher. The upper guardrail shall be

positioned at a level between 0.9 m and 1.15 m above the platform. Toeboards shall be at least 150 mm

high, and the space between the toeboard and the guardrail shall not exceed 0.75 m.

Tube end-capsare recommended for all tubes on erected scaffolds where personnel may come into

contact with tube ends and risk injury.

Figure 2 Typical Independent Tied Scaffold

2.6 System Scaffold

System scaffolds are proprietary systems fabricated from steel or aluminium alloy and comprise

a complete set of unique components capable of assembly into a scaffold structure without the

use of any other equipment.

Using such systems, structures under 3.0 m in height and not exceeding 18 m3in volume may

be erected by personnel not qualified as scaffolders. They are not subject to the SCAFFTAG

system (see 2.8.2)

Structures higher than 3.0 m of exceeding 18 m3 in volume shall be erected by qualified

scaffolders and shall be subject to the SCAFFTAG system. In the case of wireline operations

access, structures may be erected and inspected by Advance Scaffolders with at least one year

experience in that category.

Personnel erecting system scaffold shall be able to read and fully understand the manufacturers

instructions and shall follow these instructions at all times. If instructions are not available, work

shall not proceed unless under the supervision of a qualified person.

When using s ystem scaf fo ld, part icu lar at tent ion is drawn to the fo l lowing :

Instructions shall be obtained from the system manufacturer when deviations outside the normal

system parameters are required, or when sheetings or fans are added, or other changes made,

which sill affect the structural loading on the system. When manufacturers instructions are not

available, deviations shall be the subject of specific designs which the client may require toapprove prior to erection.

Many vertical joints have a minimum tensile capacity and may not be staggered.


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NOTE: On occasion, conventional scaffolding and system scaffolds are used in combination,

with one type interconnected with the other. In such cases, the permissible loading shall be that

of the lesser-rated structure, in most cases the load rating of the conventional scaffolding.


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2.7 Ancillary Equipment

2.7.1 Gin Blocks

Gin blocks shall be used to lift materials only when the load to be lifted does not exceed 50kg.

Gin blocks shall never be used for personnel transfer.

A gin block shall be mounted on a cantilever tube projecting outwards from the scaffold at a

maximum distance which shall not exceed 750mm. This supporting tube shall be attached to

two standards.

Ring type gin blocks should be used when possible. If a hook type gin block is used it should be

wire lashed to the supporting tube and not hooked into a tube or into a fitting, and the mouth of

the hook is to be securely moused. A coupler should be placed on either side of the ring or

lashing to prevent movement (see Figure 3)

Ropes shall be of a size compatible with the gin block in use, and shall comply with appropriate

British Standards (see References).

2.7.2 Safety Chairs

Safety chairs (Boatswains Chairs) shall be used only where it is impracticable to use a

suspended or other form of scaffold. Safety chairs must comply with BS 2830 and a safety factor

of a least 4 is required.

2.7.3 Cradles

Cradles (or suspended scaffolds) can be raised or lowered on ropes or wires by means of

manual or powered lifting appliances. Where powered lifting devices are required to be used,

the user shall discuss with the operating authority, e.g. the Asset Holders representative, the

suitability of the proposed equipment for the intended area. Cradles shall comply with BS 5974.

Figure 3 Gin Block Fixings


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2.8 Tower Scaffolds

Tower scaffolds are 4-legged structures which may be tied to a building or be free-standing.

Free-standing towers may have vertically adjustable legs and may be mounted on castors to

make them mobile.

The various types of tower scaffold are grouped as follows:

prefabricated from aluminum alloy

prefabricated from steel

systems scaffolds made from steel

tube and fittings made from steel or aluminum

Note: The use aluminum alloy in the construction of any type of tower is not permitted at unless

client approval.

The different types of prefabricated tower available are erected in different ways and users shall

ensure that adequate manufacturers instruction manuals or guides are available beforeconstruction of a tower commences. Regardless of the type of tower to be erected, care shall be

taken not to impede access and egress routes in the vicinity of the tower.

Simple tower scaffolds of the prefabricated or system type may be erected, altered or

dismantled by persons not qualified as scaffolders and do not need to be inspected and certified

under the SCAFFTAG system (see section 2.9.2). However, any tower structure more extensive

and sophisticated than a simple, 4-legged layout or a tower constructed from tube and fittings

shall only erected by qualified scaffolders and shall be subject to the SCAFFTAG system.

2.8.1 Load

For prefabricated and systems towers the manufacturers instructions will specify the maximum

permitted loads on the structure and these load restrictions shall be taken into account when

selecting the type to be used. For towers constructed from tube and fittings, the maximum

loading is 75 kg/m2.

2.8.2 Foundat ions

The tower foundation shall be capable of sustaining the total load at all times during its erection

and use so that a stable condition is maintained. Towers shall not be erected directly on recently

made up ground or on light-weight manhole covers and timber spanning excavations. The legs

of static tower shall always rest on metal baseplates or castors and the load spread by timber

soleplates at least 225 mm wide by 40 mm deep and long enough to ensure no undue ground

settlement.

Castors on mobile towers shall be at least 125 mm in diameter and shall be stamped with their

maximum permissible loading. They shall be capable of being locked in position so the tower

cannot move while in use. Castors shall only be used on hard level surfaces or on temporarily

laid level bases or runways.

Adjustable legs may be needed to ensure that the tower is vertical. These legs shall not be used

to extend the height of the tower and the maximum extension specified by the manufacturer

shall not be exceeded. Adjustable legs and castors shall be prevented from falling out of the

vertical tubes and if locking devices are used, they shall be correctly engaged.

2.8.3 Vert ical and Ho rizontal Members

The vertical members on system towers are normally joined by socket and spigot connections.

These shall be properly seated and any locking pins correctly engaged. Vertical members shall

be maintained upright to prevent critical effects on stability and structural stresses.


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Connections shall be properly tightened, latching hooks correctly seated and fittings correctly

applied. All components shall be examined before use for damage which might adversely affect

their load carrying ability. Prefabricated components shall be checked for broken welds, cracks,

looseness of fit or other damage, and where members are connected by latching hooks, these

shall be examined to ensure that the spring and release trigger are operating correctly. Non-

compatible components shall not be used.

All towers, regardless of the type of component used, shall be adequately braced I all three

dimensions. For prefabricated towers, this bracing may be provided by the interlocking

arrangements of the frames but as each type may have different bracing arrangements,

reference to manufacturers instructions shall always be made. Towers constructed from tube

and fittings need faade bracing on all four sides and plan bracing, and similar approach shall be

adopted for systems towers unless the manufacturer specifies otherwise.

2.8.4 Ties and Stabil i ty

Aluminum Alloy Prefabricated Towers

Alloy towers are very light in weight and their centre of gravity is near the top platform level. Care

shall therefore be taken to ensure their stability and that they cannot overturn during use or be

blown over when left unattended.

Manufacturers instructions normally specify either the maximum height to which the tower

should be erected or the maximum height to smallest base ratio for free-standing towers. These

limitations shall always be followed and in the absence of such information, the ratios shown in

Figure 4 shall apply.

Stabilizers or outriggers may be used to increase the effective base dimension so that more

sections may be added to increase the tower height. Stabilisers (which have pad feet) and

outriggers (which have castors) shall be rigidly fitted to the tower and shall be in firm contact with

the ground or base. Adjustable stabilisers/outriggers shall be positioned to make the effective

base dimension as large as possible. Stabilisers shall normally only be used on static towers; ifthey are used on a mobile tower, they need to be raised slightly before moving the tower or

alternatively, the tower reduced to its free-standing height. Outriggers need plan braces, as

specified by the manufacturer. Where scaffold tubes are used as raker, the foot of each raker

shall be tied back to the tower to ensure that the raker cannot slip.

Wherever possible, alloy towers shall be securely tied to the structure they serve. Ties shall be

connected at, or adjacent to, positions where standards join horizontal members and care shall

be taken to ensure that the ties restrain the tower from moving in any direction. Where the tower

cannot be tied to a structure, the use of guy ropes, ground anchors and ballast weights shall be

considered.

Before a mobile tower is moved, its path shall be checked for ground obstructions, overhead

power lines, holes and soft areas. No personnel or materials shall be on the tower during

movement and when the movement is complete, the tower shall be checked for verticality and

the castors locked.

Steel Towers

The requirements for alloy towers also apply to steel towers but stability considerations differ

because of the greater weight of steel. For prefabricated steel towers, manufacturers

instructions shall be followed whereas for tube and fittings towers using standard tube, the free-

standing height to smallest base ratios shown in Table 5 shall be applied.


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Table 5 Height to Smallest Base Ratios for Free-Standing Steel Towers

TOWER TYPE INTERNAL EXTERNAL

Static 4:1 3.5:1

Mobile 3.5:1 3:1

2.8.5 Working Plat forms

Platforms shall be at least 600 mm wide; full details of minimum widths for various types of use

are shown in Table 6. Working platforms may be made from various materials such as platform

boards, scaffold boards or stagings. They shall be examined before use and prevented from

tipping or sliding by being properly supported, of sufficient length and by the use of cleats on the

underside, or by the design of the system. Were 38 mm or 63 mm timber scaffold boards areused, they shall be supported at least every 1.5 m or 3.2 m respectively. Loads shall be evenly

distributed on platforms.

Table 6 Working Platform Widths

Purpose Minimum

width

Practical width using

225 mm nominal width boards

Working platform only

(no deposit of materials)

600 mm 3 boards

Passage of materials 600 mm 3 boards

Deposit of materials

(a 430 mm passageway must be

maintained)800 mm 4 boards

Scaffold boards, stagings or platform boards shall be used; loose laid plywood sheets are not

permitted.

Where platform boards are used, any trapdoor or hatch in the platform shall be closed while the

platform is in use and any latching hooks connecting the platform board to the tower shall be

seated properly.

2.8.6 Guard Rails

Tower platforms from which a person could fall more than 2 m shall be fitted with guard rails

between 1 m and 1.2 m above the platform level.

2.8.7 Toe Boards

Toe boards are required on all working platforms, gangways or runs from which a person or

materials could fall more than 2 m. Toe boards shall normally be placed inside the standards,

shall be fixed to prevent movement and shall be at lest 150 mm high. The gap between toe

board and guard rail shall not exceed 750 mm.


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Figure 4 Height to Smalles Base Ratios Figure 5 Tower Access

2.8.8 Access

The platform shall have a safe means of access which shall always be on the narrowest side of

the tower. Access may be achieved in the following ways:

By vertical ladders attached internally to the narrow side (see Figure 5) Clear hand and

foot holds shall be provided, by blocking pieces if necessary. Where vertical ladders rise

more than 9 m, an intermediate landing shall be provided.

By internal stairways or inclined ladders.

By ladder sections integral with the frame members. These are to be climbed from

inside the tower. Rungs shall be no more than 300 mm apart and the stiles no more

than 500 mm apart.

Climbing the tower by using the horizontal members is not permitted.


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With a prefabricated tower, access to a platform made of scaffold boards is difficult when the

tower is climbed from the inside. Platform boards incorporating a trapdoor or hatch are therefore

preferred. With tube and fittings towers, scaffold boards may be used and the platform

constructed so that there is a permanent access opening adjacent to the ladder. This opening

shall be as small as possible to allow safe access and provided there is adequate support, a

loose cover may be used to protect the opening while people are on the platform.

With a tube and fittings steel tower, the ladder shall, where possible, be lashed to the inside. If it

has to be lashed to the outside, the access opening in the guard rail shall be protected by a

hinged section or some other equally effective means. With all other towers, the ladder shall be

fixed on the inside.

Ladders shall never be placed on the platform to extend the height of the tower, nor shall be

leaned against the side of a tower.

Tools and heavy loads shall not be carried but hauled up or lowered down by a person on the

platform within the confines of the tower.


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2.9 Activity Controls

2.9.1 Inspect ions

It shall be the responsibility of BCC to inspect, record and maintain records of scaffolding and

related equipment. Retain the right to audit scaffold and equipment inspection reports.

Inspections shall be carried out by BCC authorized Inspectors who will either accept the scaffold

or reject it and detail deficiencies to be corrected. In either case, the SCAFFTAG system will be

used to visually indicate the result of inspection.

Inspections of scaffolds in regular service shall take place every 7 days, i.e. a scaffold approved

for use on a Monday must be reinspected and recertified each Monday, or immediately after

severe or adverse weather. Both copies of the SCAFFTAG inserts shall be signed and dated

after each inspection.

2.9.2 SCAFFTAG System

SCAFFTAGs allow an immediate visual indication of the condition of a scaffold structure (see

figure 7). The system comprises:

A holder which fits over a scaffold tube and displays DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD in red

on a white background.

Insert for the holder, one side white on green to indicate, when showing, that the

scaffold is certified for use and giving details, the other side black on yellow to indicate,

when showing, that the scaffold is under inspection and must not be used. An exact

duplicate of the insert is retained in a SCAFFTAG rack in an appropriate location, e.g.

Authorities Office, Control Room, etc.

NOTE: The only person authorized to fix or change a SCAFFTAG is a Scaffold Inspectorappointed by BCC. Removal of a SCAFFTAG may be carried out by the Performing Authority

where he is of the opinion that a scaffold is unsuitable for its intended application, in which case

he shall remove the insert to display the DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD message and request

BCC and/or Inspector to rectify/recertify the scaffold. A SCAFFTAG may also be removed by

any person required to work off a scaffold which he considers unsafe; in such a case, the person

removing the tag should immediately inform his supervisor for remedial action to be taken.

The client may remove any SCAFFTAG if he deems that area unsafe to work for any other

reason not attributed to the scaffold its self i.e. Gas Leeks area, Steam cleaning etc.

2.9.3 Handover

The Handover Procedure flowchart shown in Figure 6 shows graphically the responsibilities of

the BCC scaffolders and BCC Scaffold Inspector.

2.9.4 Modif icat ions

Modifications to SCAFFTAG-certified scaffolds shall be undertaken only by BCC with the

authority of the worksite supervisor. After a modification has been made, inspection and

recertification shall be carried out.

If unauthorized modifications are observed, they shall be reported to the worksite supervisor and

the insert removed from the SCAFFTAG holder to reveal the DO NOT USE SCAFFOLD

warning.


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Figure 6 Handover Procedure

BCC SCAFFOLDERS BCC SCAFFOLD INSPECTOR

Fit SCAFFTAG holders

to scaffold at access

points showing

DO NOT USE

Complete green side of two

SCAFFTAGS for eachholder

and file in Control Room/Site

Office with yellow side out.

Complete scaffold

Inform authorized

requester of

scaffold completion

Inspect Scaffold

Rectification work

2

Scaffoldacce ted

No

Yes

SCAFFTAG yellow

sides signed and dated

SCAFFTAG remains

in Control Room/

Site Ofrfice

reen side out

SCAFFTAG placed

in holder on

scaffold

reen side out

WEEKLY INSPECTION

Scaffold

acce tedNo Yes


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Figure 7 SCAFFTAG System


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2.9.5 Protection from Fal ls

There are many activities which require riggers and scaffolders to work in positions where it is

reasonably foreseeable that they may fall. In all such cases, suitable fall arrest or prevention

devices must be worn. It is strongly recommended that whenever it is necessary to use a fall

arrest or prevention device, it is used in conjunction with a full body, parachute type harness.

The use of single waistbelt type harnesses is not recommended.

2.10 Working Over Water

When scaffolding personnel are exposed to the possibility of falling into water, they are

considered to be working over water. This is obvious when their work location is offshore,

either underneath or over the side of a structure, but can also apply onshore at harbor or river

locations.

2.10.1 Lifel ines and Flotat ion Devices

All personnel engaged in the erection, modification or demolition of scaffolding which requires

working over water must wear a flotation device and a fall arrest or prevention device.

The harness is to be a full parachute type equipped with a single tail type harness and used with

an inertia reel. The use of single belt type harness is not recommended. At least one member of

the scaffold team must at all times be in radio contact with a control point where the work is

taking place.

Personnel engaged in abseiling operations must conform fully with previously approved safe

operating procedures, must wear a flotation device and be in visual contact with the Team

Leader. The Team Leader must remain in attendance at the abseiling operations at all times and

be in radio contact with a control point.

2.10.2 Standby Boats

In all cases of overside scaffolding or abseiling work offshore, a standby boat shall be

nominated to be the first response vessel. The standby boat shall remain in general attendance

and not engage in any duties which would interfere with its ability to respond and be capable of

performing rescue duties. The standby boat must be capable of responding and to render

assistance within:

10 minutes for overside scaffolding operations where the scaffolders are wearing and using

full body harness and single tail safety lines.

NOTE: A 10 minute response time means, in effect, a dedicated vessel stationed in the

immediate vicinity at all times while work is in progress.

30 minutes for overside abseiling operations where the abseiling work conforms fully with a

previously approved safe operating procedure.

The standby boat may be the dedicated area standby vessel nominated by the client or

alternatively may be another craft nominated by BCC. Standby vessels which meet the above

criteria will satisfy the Permit to Work Abseiling Certificate requirement for a safety boat.


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2.10.3 Work dur ing Hours o f Darkness

Overside abseiling or erection and/or demolition of scaffolding during the hours of darkness is

only permitted in cases of extreme urgency and when no other practicable alternative can be

identified. In this context, financial expediency is not considered sufficient justification.

The worksite and the area of water below must be properly illuminated and offshore a standbyboat must be nominated and able to render immediate assistance.

Overside work during the hours of darkness which is carried out from properly erected and

certified scaffold, and where the workplace and the area of water below is properly illuminated,

is not restricted.


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2.11 Ladders

A ladder is a simple, portable, versatile and relatively inexpensive piece of equipment which may

either be used to gain access to a workplace or may itself be the workplace. Various types of

ladder are available and they may be made of wood, steel, aluminum alloy or fibreglass.

Note, aluminum ladders and their components are potentially spark producing and their use inhazardous areas is at the discretion of Asset Holders. If they are to be used where flammable

atmospheres could be present, their use shall be controlled under the work permit system and

precautions specified to ensure a safe atmosphere is provided. If a safe atmosphere cannot be

reliably provided, ladders of different materials shall be used.

A working platform, or staging, is inherently safer than a ladder and often ensures that work is

done more efficiently and quickly. Other factors which have a bearing on the appropriateness of

a ladder for doing work include:

whether the ladder can be securely fixed to prevent slipping outwards or sideways

the conditions at the worksite, e.g. exposure, weather, movement of people or vehicles

whether the user has a safe hand and foothold and is close enough to the work

whether the ladder is so long or flexible that sway or vibration could cause loss of

balance

the ability, training and experience of the user

the strength, surface condition and type of structure against which the ladder is to rest

the nature of the work, the tools to be used and the weight of equipment involved

2.11.1 Securing a Ladder

The foot of the ladder shall be supported on a firm and level surface and shall not rest either on

loose material, or on other equipment to gain additional height. Attachments for levelling the feet

on sloping surfaces shall be properly fixed and used. At no time shall the bottom rung of the

ladder be placed so that the total weight is carried on the rung; only the stiles are designed for

this purpose.

Care shall be taken to ensure that the ladder cannot slip and wherever practicable, the top shall

be securely fixed. Slip may be prevented by the use of a lashing, strap or proprietary clip

secured to both stiles (see Figure 8) or where suitable by equipment such as tie restraining

straps or tensioned guy ropes. On slippery floor surfaces, special care shall be taken to prevent

the foot of the ladder from moving.

A ladder may be fitted with a proprietary spreader arm provided that:

the ladder is in good condition

the ladder is of suitable quality for industrial use

the ladder is fitted with non-slip feet

the inclination of the ladder conforms with the one our for four up rule (see Figure 8)

If the surface on which the foot of the ladder rests is not firm and level and does not provide

adequate purchase for the non-slip feet, additional precautions shall be taken to prevent outward

movement at the foot of the ladder.


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The head of the ladder shall rest against a solid surface capable of withstanding the imposed

loads. Where the surface cannot stand such loads, equipment such as ladder stays shall be

supplied and used.

Where securing at the top is impracticable, arrangements shall be made to prevent the ladder

from slipping outwards or sideways. These arrangements include fixed blocks or cleats,

sandbags or stakes driven into the ground and are in addition to pads, caps or sleeves whichare generally available.

Where fixing the ladder at the top and food is impracticable, a person shall be stationed at the

foot with each hand gripping a stile and one foot on the bottom rung to prevent slipping. Note,

however, that this is only effective with ladders up to 5 m in length.

Figure 8 - Positioning and Security of a Ladder


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2.11.2 Safe Use of Ladd ers

Leaning Ladders

Wherever practicable, a ladder shall be positioned so that the stepping off rung is level with the

platform against which it rests (see above). A ladder shall extend to a height of at least 1.05 m

above the landing place, or above the highest rung on which the user has to stand, unless thereis a suitable handhold to provide equivalent support

The ladder shall be placed at a suitable angle, ideally at 75o to the horizontal, i.e. 1 m out for

every 4 m in height, known as the one out for four up rule. The user shall face the ladder when

climbing or descending. Ladders more than 4 m in length shall be braced at intermediate points

to prevent sagging.

A ladder shall be used only for the load and purpose for which it is designed. For example, a

ladder shall not have scaffold boards laid on its rungs and shall not be used as an upright of a

ladder scaffold unless it is a specially heavy duty ladder capable of carrying the loads imposed.

Only one person at a time shall be on a ladder.

A ladder with wire reinforced stiles or rungs shall have the reinforcement on the underside when

in use. Alloy ladders, ladders with metal reinforcement and wet ladders shall not be used where

any electrical hazard exists.

Footwear shall be clean, i.e. no mud, oil or grease on the soles, before any attempt is made to

use a ladder. Where ladders become contaminated they shall be taken out of service and

cleaned. There shall be sufficient space behind rungs to provide a proper footing.

The user of a ladder shall always ensure that both hands are free when climbing or descending.

Light tools shall be carried in a belt holster or shoulder bag, other tools and materials shall be

raised or lowered on a rope.

Extension Ladders

Sections of extension ladders shall overlap by the following minimum amounts:

up to 5 m closed length - 1 rungs

between 5 m and 6 m - 2 rungs

over 6 m closed length - 3 rungs

The user shall raise and lower the ladder from the base and ensure that the hooks are properly

engaged. The rung 1.05 m from the top of a single section or an extension ladder is the highest

to be used for climbing.

Long Ladders

Ladders greater than 11 m in length are extremely difficult to handle and careful consideration

shall be given to the work location, the type of work and the physical efforts necessary before

deciding to use a long ladder. Slipping or sliding of a long ladder cannot be prevented by a single

person footing the ladder and other safe methods such as guying or bracing shall be employed.

Step Ladders

Step ladders and trestles are not designed to take side loads and imposing side loads shall

therefore be avoided. Step ladders and trestles shall be spread to their full extent, properly

levelled for stability and placed at right angles to the work, on a level surface. Work shall not be

carried out from the top platform of a step ladder, unless a handhold extension is a design

feature of the ladder, and work which requires overreaching shall be avoided. The read parts of

a step ladder shall not be used for foot support.


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Step ladders are prevented from spreading too far by means of stays, chains or cords. These

shall be of sufficient and equal length, kept in good order and renewed if found to be defective.

Only one person shall be on a step ladder at any one time and if steps are used in a doorway,

the door shall be firmly wedged open.

Trestles

Trestles are made with a swing back similar to step ladders but both halves have heavy cross

bearers to support a working platform. Platforms should be made of lightweight staging and

access to them provided by means of a step ladder.

Roof Ladders

There are two types of roof ladder, described as follows:

single section timber or aluminum, fitted at the top with a ridge iron used to pass over

the roof ridge tile to give support. The top should be fitted with a pair of wheels so that

the ladder may be pushed more easily up the roof.

timber or aluminum sections that can be socketed and locked together so that longer

slopes can be tackled. This type is also fitted with a ridge iron.

Pads of resilient material shall be fitted to the underside of roof ladders to minimize damage to

the roofing material and prevent sudden movement.

Note, it is essential that the ridge hook is properly positioned over the roof ridge so that it is

supported on the opposite slope and that ladders are of sufficient length for the slope involved.

Sections must be correctly engaged.

2.11.3 Care and Maintenanc e

All types of ladder shall be inspected before being put into service and only ladders which have acurrent colour code marking shall be used (see sub-section 2.11.4 below).

Ladders shall be treated carefully and not dropped or jarred. Timber ladders receiving a heavy

blow may suffer compression damage, distortion, loosened rungs or cracked stiles.

Ladders shall be stored in easily accessible areas and preferably on purpose-built racks which

will prevent sagging. Ladders may be hung on their stiles with sufficient support points provided

to prevent sagging; they shall not be hung from the rungs. Storage areas should give weather

protection and be well ventilated.

Ladders carried on vehicles shall be properly supported to prevent sagging and tied to support

points to minimize rubbing and the effects of road shock. Other equipment shall be loaded

carefully to prevent shock and abrasion.

Timber ladders may be treated with a transparent non-conductive finish such as clear

preservative or varnish but not with paint. Aluminum ladders may be given a proprietary

protective coating if they are to be exposed to the effects of strong acids, alkalis or corrosive

substances.

After use, ladders shall be inspected for damage before being returned to storage. Any ladder

suspected of being damaged shall be taken out of service, a thorough examination carried out

and appropriate action taken to either arrange repair by a competent person or consign it to

scrap.


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2.11.4 Inspect ion and Colour Cod ing

All ladders shall have a means of individual identification and owners of ladders shall keep and

maintain a register of their ladders.

All ladders used at site locations shall be periodically inspected and colour coded using the

same procedure as for lifting equipment.

Ladders which are in acceptable condition shall be passed fit for use and given a current colour

code. The colour coding shall be applied by painting a band of the appropriate color at the foot of

one of the stiles.

Ladders which are found to be defective shall be suitably labelled or marked and withdrawn from

service until repaired. A record of inspections, examinations and repair work carried out shall be

kept in the ladder register.


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2.12 Power-operated Mobile Work Platforms

Power-operated mobile work platforms (WPs) are used as temporary work places and give

access to localized areas both above and below ground level. They are known by a variety of

names which include: extending work platforms, powered access platforms, aerial work

platforms, mobile access platforms, cherry pickers, tower wagons, hydraulic platforms and

scissor lift work platforms.

2.12.1 Operators

Only persons who have been authorized to do so shall work from a WP and only persons who

have been trained and authorized to do so shall operate a WP. Operators shall be trained to the

level of skill necessary to work a WP efficiently and with care for the safety of themselves and

others, and the appliance.

Training should be carried out in three stages:

Stage 1, covering the basic skill and knowledge required to operate WP safely and

efficiently, and carry out routine checks. Competence is to be established and the necessary

range of skills and knowledge built up gradually to contend with more demandingoperations. The training should ensure progression from learning to operate the smaller,

simpler type of WP to the operation of larger, more complex machines.

Stage 2, covering specific job training, which should include:

Knowledge of operating principles and controls of the WP to be used and routine inspection

and servicing in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

Training and practice in use of the WP in conditions that operator will encounter, e.g.

sloping, uneven and soft ground, awkward areas, bad weather conditions, etc.

Training and practice in the work to be undertaken.

Stage 3, after successful completion of the other stages, covering familiarization at a

place of work under supervision.

2.12.2 Work A reas

The surfaces on which WPs are used should be level and firm and shall be within the

manufacturers specifications. Some WPs are designed to operate on rough terrain but before

doing so, checks shall be carried out to ensure the machine is suitable for the conditions. When

the ground is soft and use outriggers is required, manufacturers advice on minimum ground

support requirements shall be followed. In these circumstances, suitable metal or timber load

spreaders shall be made available.

Special precautions shall be taken when WPs are used in the vicinity of live electrical

conductors. Normally, these precautions will entail the isolation of the electrical supplies but

where this is not possible or practicable, a detailed work plan with comprehensive safety

controls shall be prepared and agreed with all persons involved before work is undertaken.

If the work area is traversed by other vehicles, arrangements shall be made to divert traffic if

possible or alternatively erect temporary barriers, warning cones, lights or signs and arrange for

traffic to be diverted around them. Where necessary, other adjacent operations or activities shall

be stopped and if the worksite is accessible by the public, temporary barriers shall be erected.

Where the operating area is close to fixed obstructions such as buildings, stanchions and roof

trusses, the operator shall check that clearances are adequate and that there is no danger of

any part of the WP colliding with an obstruction. Alternative arrangements shall be made to

ensure stability of the WP is so close to a building or other structure that full use of the

outriggers cannot be made.


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If operations are to be carried out during darkness, adequate illumination shall be provided and

barriers or other warnings shall be of the flashing illuminated type.

2.12.3 Work Plat forms

A WP consists of three distinct parts, namely:

a platform capable of supporting persons, tools and equipment

a structure which supports the platform and a powered mechanism which

maneuvers it relative to the chassis

a mobile chassis on wheels which may be self-propelled

There are two types of WP. One type allows the platform to be maneuvered universally relative

to the chassis and incorporates telescoping or articulating jibs or booms. The other type has only

vertical movement of the platform although the facility to rotate the platform or extend it

horizontally is sometimes provided.

Before being put into service for the first time or following any major repair or alteration, a WP

shall be tested over its range of duties with a proof load at least 1.5 times the safe working load.During such testing, the machine shall be operated from ground level and no person shall be

permitted to be on the platform of the machine. A certificate of test and thorough examination

giving details of the results of the safe working load and range of duties of the WP shall be

issued.

The following information shall be conspicuously displayed on the platform of a WP.

the safe working load and the maximum number of persons allowed on

the platform

the maximum permissible wind speed in which the platform may be

operated or remain raised or extended

the maximum gradient on which the WP may operate.

Inclinometers, spirit levels or other suitable devices with scales, bands or other markings shall

be provided so that the operator can easily see the tilt of the machine and whether it is within

specified limits.

The floor of the platform shall be slip resistant and designed to prevent the accumulation of

water.

Safety devices shall be fitted to prevent the unwarranted movement of any part of the WP, for

example through failure of the powered mechanism which maneuvers it and of mechanisms

controlling travel, steering or outriggers. Such safety shall fail to safety.

A suitable safety or limiting device shall be fitted, if necessary, on multi-jib WPs to prevent an

over centre condition being reached. The design of the linkage arrangement which maintains

the platform in a horizontal position shall not allow any part of the linkage to reach an over

centre position.

A safe means of access to the platform when at ground level shall be provided. This may be a

short fixed ladder, or control arrangements which allow the platform to be brought down to

ground level.

If structural members are made from special steels or other alloys, the specification of the

materials shall be marked on the platform to ensure that any repairs, especially welding or the

replacement of a member, are compatible with the materials.


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All external power supplies, electric, hydraulic or pneumatic, shall be connected to the chassis

and not taken directly to the platform. This reduces the risk of the weight of trailing cables or

pipes affecting stability and being caught by passing vehicles with the consequent danger of

overturning.

Provision shall be made for securing safety harnesses; properly secured guard rails provide

suitable anchorages.

Outriggers shall only be secured in the stowed or fully extended position. Angular adjustment of

the outriggers which might affect the rated stability of the WP shall be avoided.

2.12.4 WP Contro ls

It is preferable for a person on the platform to be in control of all the movements of a WP.

Where travelling controls are at ground level, as in the case f a road vehicle type chassis, a

suitable system of communication between the person on the platform and the ground controller

shall be used. If the controls are sophisticated,e.g. selectors to switch control between the

platform and chassis, it is preferable for only one station to be operable at any one time and only

the person operating that control station shall transfer control to the alternative station. However,

this arrangement shall not be applied to controls for emergency lowering, outrigger positioning

and under-bridge positioning but these controls at the ground level shall be encased or

otherwise protected to prevent inadvertent operation.

Controls shall be:

clearly marked to indicate their function and mode of operation

of the dead mans handle type, i.e. operation stops when the handle is released.

arranged so that inadvertent operation is prevented

such that movement of the controls is in the same direction as the intended movements

of the platform

Where emergency lowering controls are not provided at ground level, other means shall be

provided, e.g. inertia reel devices, to enable persons on the platform to reach the ground safely.

2.12.5 Contro l of WP Use

Wherever possible, WPs shall be parked in a designated secure area which denies access to

unauthorized persons. Keys shall be kept in a secure place when WPs are not in use and shall

only be issued to authorized operators and retained by them until the end of the work period.

On completion of work, WPs shall be parked in the designated area with the engine or motor

switched off, the platform lowered to its parking position and the brakes applied.

2.12.6 WP Hazards

Some of the more common hazards associated with the use of WPs are as follows:

person, tools or equipment falling from the platform

persons becoming trapped in the WP mechanism

persons becoming trapped between the platform and fixed obstructions

overturning due to:

overloading


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gradients

wind loading

travelling over rough terrain with the platform raised

outriggers not used

the effects of acceleration forces

collision with buildings or other fixed objects, other appliances or vehicles

failure of the supporting structure or powered operating mechanism

inadvertent movement, e.g. misapplication of controls, brake failure, etc.

persons becoming stranded on a raised platform due to power or control circuit failure

contact with live electrical conductors

persons being struck by a moving WP or by the jib when slewing

hazards associated with use during darkness

2.12.7 WP Operations

The following rules shall be observed during the use of WPs:

Never exceed the safe working load (except for the purposes of testing).

Ensure that the WP is properly positioned and that outriggers (when fitted) are fully

extended with sole plates and spreaders as necessary to level the WP within manufacturers

specified limits.

Ensure that all necessary arrangements to make the worksite safe have been made.

Never initiate travelling motions unless the way is clear.

Do not travel with the platform raised unless the WP has been designed to permit this.

If travel with a raised platform is permitted, ensure any safety interlocks are in place.

Do not use a WP as a prop or tie.

Do not tow another vehicle or item of plant unless the WP has been designed to do so.

Do not modify the WP with panels or sheeting which will affect wind loading and

consequently its stability. If the platform is replaced by one of a different design, arrange proof load, stability and

dynamic testing before putting it back in service.

Wherever possible, carry out work from within the area bounded by the guard rails; do

not lean out.

Never use hydraulic emergency controls for lowering other than in an emergency.

Ensure that air is bled out of hydraulic systems.

Special Applications

1) If a WP is to be located on a vessel, the tilt of the vessel with the WP fitted, allowing for any

necessary fixings, shall be determined by calculation. The calculated tilt shall not exceed the

values contained within the following requirements:

The appliance shall be securely fixed to the vessel in the manner assumed in the

calculations.

The WP shall be subjected to proof load and stability tests on the vessel and the safe

working load specified in accordance with the following:

The list of the vessel shall not exceed 3owith the safe working load applied

The list of the vessel shall not exceed 5owith the proof load applied

The tests shall be made with the vessel in its least stable condition, i.e. no fuel and only

fixed ballast

Due regard shall be given to anticipated sea and weather conditions

Manufacturers advice should be obtained


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2) WPs shall not be mounted in tandem or joined with a bridge unless:

the control mechanism is so arranged that the platforms and bridge remain horizontal at

all times

each appliance is plumb and level

where a bridge is fitted, it is interlocked with both appliances

the appliances automatically correct for any misalignment between them

the WPs are de-rated by at least 25% over and above the de-rating necessary due to

the weight of the bridge

3) When a WP is to be operated in conjunction with a crane or some other appliance, it is

important that before operations commence the work is properly planned, a safe system of work

developed and that it is clearly understood by all persons involved I the operation. Each person

shall be clearly aware of his individual duties and how to deal with any foreseen emergencies.

Arrangements shall be made to enable clear communications between operators.

2.12.8 Maintenance

Only qualified and authorized persons shall carry out adjustments and repairs to WPs. If an

appliance is hired, the contractual arrangements shall include proper inspection, maintenance,

and servicing in accordance with manufacturers instructions. The scope of periodicchecks is

given below.

At the beginning of each work period, the operator shall check:

pneumatic tyres are inflated to the correct pressure and tyres are free from cuts and

damage

the operation of the brakes

the operation of nay lights

lubricant, coolant and fuel levels

the integrity of the supporting structure

for leaks in hydraulic/pneumatic systems

correct functioning of powered mechanism, e.g. raising, slewing, etc.

correct functioning of communications systems between platform and ground

At weekly intervals (or every 50 operational hours/manufacturers recommended intervals) an

authorized maintenance person shall carry out:

all checks made at the beginning of each work period and a full operational check of the

appliance

a check of the condition of the chassis, support structure, platform and poweredmechanisms

A written report shall be made on the condition of the appliance and any faults rectified

immediately or the appliance withdrawn from service. Copies of the report shall be retained.

At six monthly intervals (or 1000 operational hours/manufacturers recommended interval) a

thorough examination shall be carried out by an authorized person. This type of examination

shall also be carried out after an accident, major repair or modification. A certificate shall be

issued by the authorized person stating that the WP is safe to continue in use and the date of

the next thorough examination. Copies of the certificate shall be retained.


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3 REFERENCES

- BCC HSE POLICY & MANUAL

- UK Health and Safety Executive (HSE) publications

Guidance Note GS 15 General access scaffolds

Guidance Note GS 31 Safe use of ladders, step ladders and trestles

Guidance Note GS 42 Tower scaffolds

Guidance Note PM 30 Suspended access equipment

Booklet HS(G)19 Safety in working with power-operated mobile work platforms

British Standards Institution

BS EN series

131-1 Ladders: Specification for terms, types and functional sizes

131-2 Ladders: Specification for requirements, testing methods and performance

requirements

BS series

1139 Metal Scaffolding Parts I to 5

2482 Specification for timber scaffold boards

5973 Code of practice for access and working scaffolds and special structures in steel

5974 Code of practice for temporarily installed suspended scaffolds and access equipment

1692 Specification for gin blocks

2830 Specification for suspended access equipment, etc.


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Appendix 1 Example Job Specifications

NOTE: BCC is responsible for development of their own job specifications which should at least

meet the standard outlined below.

2.2 Trainee Scaffolder

Responsible for carrying out his duties in a manner conducive to that laid down in BCC

Scaffolding Guidelines.

His duties are to assist in the erection of scaffolds under the supervision of basic or Foreman

scaffolders and to assist the laborer in his duties when necessary.

He must attend Safety Meetings pertaining to his function and take part in any training

necessary.

He must be trained in the following duties:

Safe working practices Safe use of ladders

Inspection and storage of materials used inscaffolding

Independent scaffolds

Basic requirements of all scaffold construction Static and mobile tower scaffolds

Inspect, reeve and fix gin wheels and ropes Birdcage scaffolds

Tying necessary knots and hitches Fixing sheeting to scaffolds

A trainee scaffolder must not under any circumstances be permitted to work unsupervised while

erecting, modifying or dismantling a scaffold.

1.2 Basic Scaffolder

Responsible for carrying out his duties in a manner conducive to that laid down in BCCScaffolding Guidelines.

His duties are to assist the Foreman Scaffolder in erection, dismantling and alteration of

scaffolds.

He is to assist with the ongoing site training of Trainee Scaffolders and laborers whenever

possible.

He must attend Safety Meetings pertaining to his function and take part in any training

necessary.

He must be capable of carrying out and may work unsupervised on all work listed in trainee

operations plus:

Beams to form openings and gantries Heavy duty birdcage scaffolds

Truss-out scaffolds Cantilever drop scaffolds

Cantilevered scaffolds Fix hilti ties

System scaffolds Checking scaffolds for faults

Simple modifications to scaffolds


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Foreman Scaffolder

Responsible for carrying out his duties in a manner conducive to that laid down in BCC


He is responsible to his supervisor for carrying out erection, alteration, modification anddismantling of scaffolds as directed by the BCC Supervisor on site.

He is responsible for pre-planning work schedules and material movements to ensure smooth

movement of tasks and to liaise with his team to inform them of their role.

He is to ensure all operatives under his control are competent in fulfilling the tasks he sets them

in a safe manner.

He is responsible for creating a standard of performance in his team which will comply with BCC


He must be capable of carrying out all work listed in the trainee and basic scaffolder sections

plus:

Tubular drop scaffold Wire slung scaffold

Dead, raking and flying shores System scaffolds to support formwork

Alteration and modification of scaffolds Scale and interpret scaffold drawings

Manual rope and winch operated

boatswains chairs and cradles

An Foreman Scaffolder will not have more than two Basic Scaffolders and two Trainee

Scaffolders working with him at any time. Any more than this number will require a supevisor to

take charge.

He must have a good working knowledge of the Construction working place

1.3 Scaffold Inspector

He must be capable of performing the duties specified in 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 in addition to the

following:

Checking that standards are correctly aligned and properly supported at their bases.

Checking that there is no undue deflection in ledgers and transoms.

Checking that all essential members of the structure are present.

Checking that all ties and braces are effective in stabilising the scaffold.

Checking that all couplers are properly tightened.

Checking that all boards are in sound condition, correctly supported and, where

appropriate, tied down.

Checking that all guardrails and toeboards are in place.

Checking that all ladders are in good condition and properly secured.

Signing the SCAFFTAG, ensuring that it is properly displayed with the appropriate

category of tick for the scaffold.

Checking that appropriate documentation is in place.


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APPENDIX 2 Safety Check Lists (Please see attached F91 Register format)

2.1 Scaffolds

1 Base soundness; adequate spread of load; avoidance of manhole covers, etc; no nearby excavation

2 Line of standards and ledgers, verticality of standards

3 Ledgers horizontal, joints staggered.

4 Spacing of transoms

5 Sway bracing complete to top, every 30 m

6 Guardrails and toeboards properly fastened, stop and boards in place.

7 Longitudinal and ledger bracing

8 Means of access

9 Ties: number, positions, security

10 Security of boards, toeboards and guardrails.

11 Security and correct use of all fittings (couplers), particularly on transoms and bracing

12 Condition of tubes and fittings

13 Damage by loads swinging from cranes or by falling material

14 Overloading

15 Security of stacked material

16 Walkways clear of stored material and waste

17 Holes and openings fenced off

18 Lighting adequate

19 Wheels locked correctly when a mobile tower is in use


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2.2 Towers

1 Manufacturers instructions followed for proprietary systems

2 Working platform: smaller base to height ratio external 3:1 internal 3.5:1

3 Working platform: size within base dimension.

4 Working platform: close boarded and evenly supported

5 Working platform: guardrails and toeboards if above 2.0m

6 Correct fittings used

7 Ladder access properly secured and clear of ground if on mobile tower

8 Overloading

9 Security of stacked material

10 No riding on tower when being moved

11 Wheels locked or raised when a mobile tower is in use


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Appendiz 3 Glossary of Terms

Some of the more common definitions used in connection with scaffolding are listed below.

3.1 Types and Dimensions of Scaffolds

Bay Space between the centrelines of two adjacent standards along the

face of a scaffold

Foot lift The lift erected nearest to the ground.

Free-standing scaffold A scaffold which is not attached to any other structure and is stable

against overturning on its own account or, if necessary, assisted by

guys or rakers and anchors.

Independent tied scaffold A scaffold which has two lines of standards, one line supporting the

outside of the deck and one the inside. The transoms are not built

into the wall at the structure. It is not free standing, but is tied into

the structure to prevent overturning.

Lift The assembly of ledgers and transoms forming each horizontal

level of a scaffold.

Scaffold A temporary structure which provides access, or from which

persons work, or which is used to support material, plant or

equipment.

Slung scaffold A scaffold hanging on tubes, ropes or chains from a structure

overhead. It is not capable of being moved or lowered.

Suspended scaffold A scaffold hanging on ropes which is capable of being suspended,or raised and lowered.

3.2 Tubular Members and Beams

Brace A tube placed diagonally with respect to the vertical or horizontal

members of a scaffold and fixed to them to afford structural strength.

Bridle A horizontal tube fixed across an opening or parallel to the face of a

structure to support the inner end of a putlog, transom or tie tube.

Bolted tie Assembly of nuts, bolts, anchors, rings or tubes fixed into the surface of

a structure.

Butting transom Transom extended inwards to butt the structure to prevent scaffolding

moving inwards.

Faade brace A brace parallel to the face of a structure.

Guardrail A member incorporated in a structure to prevent the fall of a person

from a platform or access way.

Knee brace A brace across the corner of an opening in a scaffold to stiffen the

angles or to stiffen the end support of a beam.

Ledger A longitudinal tube normally fixed parallel to the face of a structure in

the direction of the larger dimensions of the scaffold. It acts as a


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support for the putlogs and transoms and frequently for the tie tubes

and ledger braces and is usually joined to the adjacent standards.


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Ledger brace A brace at right angles to a structure.

Lip tie An assembly of tubes forming an L-or J-shaped hook round an inside

surface of a structure.

Longitudinal brace A brace generally in the plane of the longer dimension of the scaffold,particularly in bird-cages

Movable tie A tie which may be temporarily moved for the execution of work.

Non-movable tie A tie which will not be moved during the life of a scaffold, as agreed

between the user and the scaffold erector.

Plan brace A brace in a horizontal plane.

Prop tie An assembly of telescopic props and/or scaffold tubes jacked or

wedged between the floors inside a structure and including a tie tube.

Push/pull tie A tie which only acts to prevent the scaffold moving either towards or

away from the structure.

Raker An inclined load-bearing tube.

Standard A vertical or near vertical tube which carries scaffolds weight, and loads

imposed to the supporting structure.

Sway transom A transom extended inwards in contact with a reveal or the side of a

column to prevent the scaffold moving sideways.

Through tie A tie assembly through a window or other opening in a wall.

Tie or tie assembly The components attached to an anchorage, or the structure, or framed

around a part of it, or wedged or screwed into it with a tie tube. Used to

secure the scaffold to the structure.

Transom A tube spanning across ledgers to form the support for boards or units

forming the working platform, or to connect the outer standards to the

inner standards.

Transverse brace A brace generally in the plane of the shorter dimension of the scaffold.

Wire tie An assembly of a ring anchor and wire or steel banding used to tie the

scaffold to the structure or building. Also known as a band tie.

3.3 Scaffold Couplers and Fittings

Adjustable base plate A metal base plate embodying a screwjack.

Base plate A metal plate with a spigot for distributing the load from a standard

or raker or other load-bearing tube.

Brace coupler This coupler, whilst primarily designed for securing putlogs and

transoms to ledgers, also conforms to the requirements for a

bracing coupler.

Check coupler A coupler added to a joint under load to give additional security to

the coupler (s) carrying the load. Also known as safety coupler.


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Coupler A component used to fix scaffold tubes together.

Joint Pin An expanding fitting placed in the bore of a tube to connect one

tube to another coaxially.

Parallel coupler A coupler used to join two tubes in parallel.

Right-angle coupler A load-bearing coupler used to join tubes at right angles.

Sleeve coupler An external coupler used to join one tube to another coaxially.

Sole plate A timber, concrete or metal spreader used to distribute the load

from a standard or base plate to the ground.

Swivel coupler A coupler used for joining tubes at an angle other than a right

angle.

3.4 Other Terms in General Use

Brick guard A metal or other fender filling the gap between the guardrail and toeboard, and

sometimes incorporating one or both of these components.

Buttressing The fixing of additional tubes at 45obetween the ground and the corner or side

of a structure to increase the stability of the structure. Also know as stabilising.

Kentledge Dead weight built in or added to a structure to ensure adequate stability.

Protection fans Devices attached to scaffolding to intercept anything which may fall

from the scaffold structure. Fans may be made of netting, canvas or plastic

sheeting, corrugated iron or special purpose panelling. There are 4 classes:Class A light duty to protect pedestrians from paint or cement droppings

Class B medium duty for protection against falling aggregate and bricks from

a height not exceeding 10 metres

Class C for catching objects larger and heavier than bricks or for bricks falling

from a height greater than 10 metres and designed specifically for this

application.

Class D for arresting the fall of a person or similar weight from a height of 6

metres or the distance of 2 building stories.

Stagings Prefabricated, longitudinal platforms made from selected timber, reinforced with

metal tierods and wires. They are used as working platforms.

Toeboard An upstand at the edge of a platform, intended to prevent materials or

operatives feet from slipping off the platform.

Working platform The deck from which building operations are carried out.


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Appendix 4 Checklist for Examination of Ladders

ITEM CHECKS

Identity markings Identification marking legible and containing as a minimum:

A unique registration number (as entered in ladder register)

Other markings my include:

Name of manufacturer

Type of ladder

Year and month of manufacture

Maximum permissable load

Surface finish Edges, corners and protruding parts chamfered or rounded and free of

burrs and splinters

Corrosion protection, e.g. galvanising, of metal parts intact

Surface treatment of wooden ladders in good condition

Rungs, steps and

crossbars

No visible cracks or breaks

Secure with no twisting or sideways movement between rungs and stiles

Reinforcement intact

Non-slip coated surfaces intact and adhering firmly

No more than one rung above a tied or reinforced rung at either end

(this check only applies to wooden ladders)

Stiles No cracks or breaks, or visible compression creases in wooden stiles

Reinforcement undamaged and secure with no stranding or protrusions

Anti-skid plugs for metal ladders secure I stile ends

No protruding rung end security fasteners, e.g. screws, nails

Tie rods secure with all fasteners tight

Rivets and rivetting on metal ladders tight with no free movement

Fittings Ropes in good c

8.0.1 Method Scaffold Bs1139

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Transcript of 8.0.1 Method Scaffold Bs1139